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History
Kashf-e hijab
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On 8 January 1936, Reza Shah of Iran (Persia) issued a decree known as Kashf-e hijab banning all Islamic veils, an edict that was swiftly and forcefully implemented. The government also banned many types of male traditional clothing.
Reza Shah, his wife Tadj ol-Molouk, and their daughters Shams and Ashraf, 8 January 1936, famously participating in a public ceremony without hijab th
Reza Shah, his wife Tadj ol-Molouk, and their daughters Shams and Ashraf, 8 January 1936, famously participating in a public ceremony without hijab the first time.
The women of the Iranian women's movement largely consisted of educated elite women positive to unveiling. In this image of the Board of Governors of
The women of the Iranian women's movement largely consisted of educated elite women positive to unveiling. In this image of the Board of Governors of the women's organization Jam'iyat-e Nesvan-e Vatankhah, Tehran. The image is dated to 1922–1932; before the Kashf-e hijab reform in 1936.
Unveiled middle-class women vote in the election of 1963. In the period of 1941–1979, veiling was a class marker. The modernisation reforms included b
Unveiled middle-class women vote in the election of 1963. In the period of 1941–1979, veiling was a class marker. The modernisation reforms included both unveiling and women's suffrage.
1979 Iranian Women Day's protests against mandatory veiling. Unveiled women protesting against the introduction of mandatory veiling. While many women
1979 Iranian Women Day's protests against mandatory veiling. Unveiled women protesting against the introduction of mandatory veiling. While many women had worn the veil during the revolution, they had not expected mandatory veiling and did not support it.
Reza Shah
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Reza Shah Pahlavi was an Iranian military officer and the founder of the Pahlavi dynasty. As a politician, he previously served as minister of war and prime minister of Qajar Iran and subsequently reigned as Shah of Pahlavi Iran from 1925 until he was forced to abdicate after the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in 1941. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Mohammad Reza Shah. A modernizer, Reza Shah clashed with the Shia clergy, but also introduced many social, economic, and political reforms during his reign, ultimately laying the foundation of the modern Iranian State. Therefore, he is regarded by many as the founder of modern Iran.
Reza Shah in uniform, c. 1931
Reza Shah in uniform, c. 1931
Museum of Reza Shah Pahlavi, the house where he was born, Savadkuh, Mazandaran
Museum of Reza Shah Pahlavi, the house where he was born, Savadkuh, Mazandaran
Reza Pahlavi behind a machine gun
Reza Pahlavi behind a machine gun
Reza Pahlavi portrait during his time as war minister
Reza Pahlavi portrait during his time as war minister