Kashiwara is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2022, the city had an estimated population of 67,698 in 32007 households and a population density of 2,700 inhabitants per square kilometre (7,000/sq mi). The total area of the city is 25.33 square kilometres (9.78 sq mi).

Yao is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2022, the city had an estimated population of 263,436 in 126509 households and a population density of 6300 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 41.72 square kilometres (16.11 sq mi). The city is the birthplace of the Kawachi ondo style of folk singing.