1.
Kansas City, Missouri
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Kansas City is the largest city in Missouri and the sixth largest city in the Midwest. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city had an population of 475,378 in 2015. It is the city of the Kansas City metropolitan area. Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west, on June 1,1850 the town of Kansas was incorporated, shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory. Confusion between the two ensued and the name Kansas City was assigned to them soon thereafter. Most of the city lies within Jackson County, but portions spill into Clay, Cass, along with Independence, it serves as one of the two county seats for Jackson County. Major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Independence and Lees Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park, Olathe, and Kansas City. The city is composed of neighborhoods, including the River Market District in the north, the 18th and Vine District in the east. Kansas City is also known for its cuisine, its craft breweries, Kansas City, Missouri was officially incorporated as a town on June 1,1850, and as a city on March 28,1853. The territory straddling the border between Missouri and Kansas at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers was considered a place to build settlements. The Antioch Christian Church, Dr. James Compton House, the first documented European visitor to Kansas City was Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, who was also the first European to explore the lower Missouri River. Criticized for his response to the Native American attack on Fort Détroit, Bourgmont lived with a Native American wife in a village about 90 miles east near Brunswick, Missouri, where he illegally traded furs. In the documents, he describes the junction of the Grande Riv des Cansez and Missouri River, French cartographer Guillaume Delisle used the descriptions to make the areas first reasonably accurate map. The Spanish took over the region in the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the French continued their fur trade under Spanish license. After the 1804 Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark visited the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, in 1831, a group of Mormons from New York settled in what would become the city. They built the first school within Kansas Citys current boundaries, but were forced out by mob violence in 1833, in 1833 John McCoy established West Port along the Santa Fe Trail,3 miles away from the river. In 1834 McCoy established Westport Landing on a bend in the Missouri to serve as a point for West Port. Soon after, the Kansas Town Company, a group of investors, began to settle the area, in 1850, the landing area was incorporated as the Town of Kansas
2.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
3.
Suicide by hanging
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Suicide by hanging is the act of intentionally killing oneself via suspension from an anchor-point or ligature point by a ligature or by jumping from a height with a noose around the neck. Hanging is often considered to be a suicide method that does not require complicated techniques. However, a study of people who attempted suicide by hanging and it is one of the most commonly used suicide methods and has a high mortality rate, Gunnell et al. gives a figure of at least 70 percent. The materials required are easily available, and a range of ligatures can be used. Therefore, it is considered a method to prevent. Hanging is divided into suspension hanging and the much rarer drop hanging, ron M. Brown writes that hanging has a fairly imperspicuous and complicated symbolic history. There are commentaries on hanging in antiquity, and it has various cultural interpretations, throughout history, numerous famous people have committed suicide by hanging. According to Anton J. L. van Hooff, hanging was the most common method in primitive. In England and Wales, hanging is the most commonly used method and it is the second most common method among women, behind poisoning. In 1981 hanging accounted for 23.5 percent of male suicides, the proportion of hangings as suicides in 2005 among women aged 15–34 was 47.2 percent, having risen from 5.7 percent in 1968. In the United States it is the second most common method, behind firearms, hanging accounts for a greater percentage of suicides among younger Americans than among older ones. Differences exist among ethnic groups, research suggests that hanging is the most common method among Chinese and Japanese Americans, hanging is also a frequently used method for those in custody, in several countries. In general, there are two ways of performing suicide by hanging, suspension hanging and drop hanging, manual strangulation and suffocation may also be considered together with hanging. In addition to rope, other materials can easily be fashioned into an improvised noose e. g. a bed-sheet, ripped T-shirt, shoelaces or telephone extension cable. Regardless of the used to form the noose, suspension hanging will kill its victims in three ways, compression of the carotid arteries, the jugular veins, or the airway. About 11 lb of pressure is required to compress the carotid artery,4.4 lb for the jugular veins, the amount of time it takes to lose consciousness and die is difficult to predict accurately and depends on several factors. Some believe unconsciousness occurs in five seconds, though Alan Gunn writes that it takes longer. It took a man who filmed his hanging 13 seconds to become unconscious,1 minute and 38 seconds to lose muscle tone, full suspension is not required, most hanging suicides are done by partial suspension, according to Wyatt et al
4.
Arizona State University
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Arizona State University is a public metropolitan research university on five campuses across the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area, and four regional learning centers throughout Arizona. The 2016 university ratings by U. S. News & World Report rank ASU No.1 among the Most Innovative Schools in America for the year in a row. ASU is the largest public university by enrollment in the U. S and it had approximately 82,060 students enrolled in 2014, including 66,309 undergraduate and 15,751 graduate students. ASUs charter, approved by the board of regents in 2014, is based on the New American University model created by ASU President Crow, ASU is classified as a research university with very high research activity by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. The Center for Measuring University Performance ranks ASU 31st among top U. S. public research universities, ASU was classified as a Research I institute in 1994, making it one of the nations newest major research universities. Students compete in 25 varsity sports, the Arizona State Sun Devils are members of the Pac-12 Conference and have won 23 NCAA championships. Along with multiple clubs and recreational facilities, ASU is home to more than 1,100 registered student organizations. To keep pace with the student populations growth, the university continuously renovates, the demand for new academic halls, athletic facilities, student recreation centers, and residential halls is being addressed with donor contributions and public-private investments. The campus consisted of a single, four-room schoolhouse on a 20-acre plot largely donated by Tempe residents George, classes began with 33 students on February 8,1886. The school accepted high school students and graduates, and awarded high school diplomas, in 1923 the school stopped offering high school courses and added a high school diploma to the admissions requirements. In 1925 the school became the Tempe State Teachers College and offered four-year Bachelor of Education degrees as well as two-year teaching certificates, in 1929, the legislature authorized Bachelor of Arts in Education degrees as well, and the school was renamed the Arizona State Teachers College. Under the 30-year tenure of president Arthur John Matthews the school was given all-college student status, the first dormitories built in the state were constructed under his supervision. Of the 18 buildings constructed while Matthews was president, six are still in use, Matthews envisioned an evergreen campus, with many shrubs brought to the campus, and implemented the planting of Palm Walk, now a landmark of the Tempe campus. His legacy is being continued to this day with the campus having been declared a nationally recognized arboretum. During the Great Depression, Ralph W. Swetman was hired as president for a three-year term, although enrollment increased by almost 100 percent during his tenure due to the depression, many faculty were terminated and faculty salaries were cut. In 1933, Grady Gammage, then president of Arizona State Teachers College at Flagstaff, became president of ASU, like his predecessor, Gammage oversaw construction of a number of buildings on the Tempe campus. He also oversaw the development of the graduate programs. The schools name was changed to Arizona State College in 1945, at the time, two other names considered were Tempe University and State University at Tempe
5.
Kate Spade New York
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Kate Spade New York is an American fashion design house founded in January 1993 by Kate Spade and Andy Spade. Jack Spade is the line for men. Kate Spade New York competes with Michael Kors and Coach Inc. Katherine Noel Brosnahan was born on December 4,1962 in Kansas City and she grew up in Kansas City and went to an all-girls Catholic high school. She moved to Arizona, where she attended Arizona State University and it is there that she met her future husband, Andy Spade. Katherine majored in journalism, while Andy majored in architecture, after they completed their education, the couple had moved to New York City by 1986. It was in New York that Katherine worked as an editor for Mademoiselle. To get inspiration, Kate browsed local flea markets and secondhand stores and she also researched the styles, fabrics, and potential production costs of making her own handbags. The team slowly worked their way up the ladder until they were able to create a company that would be noticed by the public. Kate Spade New York was founded in 1993 by Katherine Noel Brosnahan, Kate Spade New York was started when Katherine Brosnahan walked around New York City and all she saw was lifeless purses. “The nothing black bag” was going to be brought down by Kate, originally the business started out with the Sam handbag and was only making color lively bags for consumers. Eventually, Andy withdrew $35,000 from his 401K account to fund the production of Kate’s handbags. Her debut line infused classic shapes, colors and fabrics into a now iconic square bag with a black label sewn to the outside of the bag that said “Kate Spade New York. ”Their main target market at this time was the upper middle class. In 1996, Spades company opened its first shop in New York Citys SoHo, Kate Spade rose in eight months after a journalist at Cleveland Research Co. recommended buying the shares because of the brand’s growth potential. Everywhere people went in New York from about 1997-2000, it would have been impossible to avoid seeing a few women carrying that simple nylon bag. The business was one of the first of its time to go digital, by using iPads, cell phones, the company started from nothing, and after 1998 it started to expand, being worth $70 million. Although she remained active, Kate Spade was sold in 1999 to the Neiman Marcus Group, in 2004, Kate Spade operated only 13 stores in the United States, and did not ship out of the country. The company initially sold handbags, but eventually extended to include stationery, personal organizers, address books, shoes, beauty products, perfume, raincoats, pajamas and it now has a full womens clothing line. The business’ clothing and handbag lines are featured in retail stores all across America
6.
Rachel Brosnahan
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Rachel Brosnahan is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in the films The Unborn and Beautiful Creatures and for portraying Rachel Posner in the Netflix series House of Cards, Brosnahan was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. From the age of four, she was raised in Highland Park and she graduated from Highland Park High School in 2008 and the Tisch School of the Arts in 2012. She is the niece of handbag designer Kate Spade, Rachel Brosnahan at the Internet Movie Database Rachel Brosnahan on Twitter
7.
Fashion accessory
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A fashion accessory is an item used to contribute, in a secondary manner, to the wearers outfit, often used to complete an outfit and chosen to specifically complement the wearers look. The term came into use in the 19th century, Fashion accessories can be loosely categorized into two general areas, those that are carried and those that are worn. Traditional carried accessories include purses and handbags, eyewear, hand fans, parasols and umbrellas, wallets, canes, in Victorian fashion accessories such as fans, parasols and gloves held significance for how women experienced gender, race and class. In this era, there was a trend for women to adopt, or aspire to, consequently, gloves were often used by women to cover their hands and mask any signs of labor. Also, in the early 16th century in Italy hat badges were worn by men of a higher social status as decorative item. Hat badges were worn in conjunction with a decorative sword. Hat badges were fashioned after plaquettes and often depicted a scene with personal relevance to the wearer, status symbol Media related to Fashion accessory at Wikimedia Commons
8.
Mademoiselle (magazine)
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Mademoiselle was a womens magazine first published in 1935 by Street and Smith and later acquired by Condé Nast Publications. Julia Cameron was a frequent columnist, the art director was Barbara Kruger. In 1952, Sylvia Plaths short story Sunday at the Mintons won first prize and $500 and her experiences during the summer of 1953 as a guest editor at Mademoiselle provided the basis for her novel, The Bell Jar. In the sixties, Mademoiselle magazine was geared “to the smart young woman” and they categorically stated in their editorials that despite their young, maidenly name they were not geared to young teenagers. The majority of their readers may have been in college, in a job, Mademoiselle continued to be a top shelf magazine throughout the eighties and nineties featuring the top models on their covers and in the pages of their editorial sections. In 1993 Elizabeth Crow was appointed editor-in-chief of the magazine, the November 2001 magazine was the final issue. Some of the 93 employees and features moved over to Glamour, desmond Hall and F. Orlin Tremaine F. Orlin Tremaine Betsy Blackwell Edie Locke Amy Levin Cooper Gabe Doppelt Elizabeth Crow Mandi Norwood Mademoiselle Covers
9.
Handbag
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A handbag, also purse or pouch in North American English, is a handled medium-to-large bag that is often fashionably designed, often used by women, to hold personal items. The term purse originally referred to a bag for holding coins. In British English, it is used to refer to a small coin bag. A handbag is an accessory that holds objects beyond currency. American English typically uses the terms purse and handbag interchangeably, the term handbag began appearing in the early 1900s. Initially, it was most often used to refer to mens hand-luggage, womens bags grew larger and more complex during this period, and the term was attached to the accessory. Handbags are valued for their stylishness as visual accessories as well as for their function, the verb to handbag derives from UK prime minister Margaret Thatchers habit of pulling scraps of paper out of her handbag in meetings and reading aloud the comments she had written on them. The verbs more general meaning of treating ruthlessly came to symbolise Thatchers whole style of government, julian Critchley, one of her biggest Tory backbench critics, once said, Margaret Thatcher and her handbag is the same as Winston Churchill and his cigar. Early modern Europeans wore purses for one purpose, to carry coins. Purses were made of fabric or leather and were worn by men as often as ladies. In the 17th century, young girls were taught embroidery as a skill for marriage. By the late 18th century, fashions in Europe were moving towards a slender shape for these accessories, inspired by the silhouettes of Ancient Greece, women wanted purses that would not be bulky or untidy in appearance, so reticules were designed. Reticules were made of fine fabrics like silk and velvet, carried with wrist straps, first becoming popular in France, they crossed over into Britain, where they became known as indispensables. Men, however, did not adopt the trend and they used purses and pockets, which became popular in mens trousers. The modern purse, clutch, pouch or handbag came about in England during the Industrial Revolution, H. J. Cave obliged and produced the first modern set of luxury handbags, as we would recognize them today, including a clutch and a tote. These are now on display in the Museum of Bags and Purses in Amsterdam. H. J. Cave did continue to sell and advertise the handbags, but many critics said that women did not need them, H. J. However, H. J. Cave resumed handbag production in 2010. During the 1940s, the rationing of textiles for World War II led to the manufacturing of handbags made in materials like raffia or crocheted from yarn, some women crocheted their own small handbags from commercial patterns during this period
10.
Neiman Marcus
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Neiman Marcus, originally Neiman-Marcus, is an American luxury department store owned by the Neiman Marcus Group, headquartered in Dallas, Texas. Neiman Marcus is currently owned by the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, in 1907 the trio found themselves with $25,000 from the successful sales-promotion firm they had built in Atlanta, Georgia, and two potential investments into which to invest the funds. Rather than take a chance on an unknown sugary soda pop business, for this reason, early company CEO Peb Atera was quoted in 1957 as saying in jest that Neiman Marcus was founded on bad business judgment. The store, established on September 10,1907, was furnished and stocked with clothing of a quality not commonly found in Texas. Within a few weeks, the initial inventory, mostly acquired on a buying trip to New York made by Carrie, was completely sold out. Oil-rich Texans, welcoming the opportunity to flaunt their wealth in more sophisticated fashion than was previously possible, flocked to the new store. In spite of a financial panic set off only a few weeks after its opening, Neiman Marcus was instantly successful. In 1914 a fire destroyed the Neiman Marcus store and all of its merchandise, a temporary store was set up and opened in 17 days. By the end of 1914, Neiman Marcus opened in its new, permanent location at the corner of Main Street and Ervay Street. In its first year at the new building, Neiman Marcus recorded a profit of $40,000 on sales of $700,000, in 1927 the store expanded and Neiman Marcus premiered the first weekly retail fashion show in the United States. The store staged a show called One Hundred Years of Texas Fashions in 1936 in honor of the centennial of Texas independence from Mexico. During the 1930s and 1940s Neiman Marcus began to include less expensive clothing lines along with its high-end items, in response to the Great Depression, between 1942 and 1944, sales at Neiman Marcus grew from $6 million to $11 million. Despite a major fire in 1946, the continued to profit. Herbert Marcus, Sr. died in 1950, and Carrie Neiman died two years later, leaving Stanley Marcus in charge of the companys operations, the 1950s saw the addition of a $1.6 million store at 8300 Preston Road. It was 63, 000-square-foot, inspired by the art and culture of Southwestern Indians, copied from Indian weaving, pottery, and sand paintings. The themed decor included Kachina figures on colored-glass murals and an Alexander Calder mobile named Mariposa, area teachers cited the Gauguin exhibits as spurring a dramatic increase in art study. In the 1950s and 1960s Gittings operated a studio in Neiman Marcus. Clients included Hope Portocarrero, Lyndon Johnson, Howard Hughes, a late 1960s Christmas Book featured portraits of Wyatt Cooper, his wife Gloria Vanderbilt, and children Carter and Anderson Cooper
11.
University of Kansas
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The University of Kansas, often referred to as KU or Kansas, is a public research university in the U. S. state of Kansas. The main campus in Lawrence, one of the largest college towns in Kansas, is on Mount Oread, two branch campuses are in the Kansas City metropolitan area, the Edwards Campus in Overland Park, and the universitys medical school and hospital in Kansas City. There are also educational and research sites in Parsons, Topeka, Garden City, Hays, and Leavenworth, the university is one of the 62 members of the Association of American Universities. The university overall employed 2,814 faculty members in fall 2015, on February 20,1863, Kansas Governor Thomas Carney signed into law a bill creating the state university in Lawrence. The law was conditioned upon a gift from Lawrence of a $15,000 endowment fund, if Lawrence failed to meet these conditions, Emporia instead of Lawrence would get the university. The site selected for the university was a known as Mount Oread. Robinson and his wife Sara bestowed the 40-acre site to the State of Kansas in exchange for land elsewhere, the philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence donated $10,000 of the necessary endowment fund, and the citizens of Lawrence raised the remaining cash by issuing notes backed by Governor Carney. On November 2,1863, Governor Carney announced that Lawrence had met the conditions to get the university. The schools Board of Regents held its first meeting in March 1865, work on the first college building began later that year. The university opened for classes on September 12,1866, during World War II, Kansas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. KU is home to the Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics, the Beach Center on Disability, Lied Center of Kansas and radio stations KJHK,90.7 FM, and KANU,91.5 FM. The university is host to several including the University of Kansas Natural History Museum. The University of Kansas is a large, state-sponsored university, with five campuses, the university offers more than 345 degree programs. In its 2017 list, U. S. News & World Report ranked KU as tied for 118th place among National Universities and 56th place among public universities. The city management and urban policy program was ranked first in the nation, uSN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U. S. universities. The Bachelor of Architecture degree was added in 1920, in 1969, the School of Architecture and Urban Design was formed with three programs, architecture, architectural engineering, and urban planning. In 2001 architectural engineering merged with civil and environmental engineering, the design programs from the discontinued School of Fine Arts were merged into the school in 2009 forming the current School of Architecture, Design, and Planning. S in 2012. The University of Kansas School of Business is a business school on the main campus of the University of Kansas in Lawrence
12.
Kappa Kappa Gamma
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Kappa Kappa Gamma is a collegiate sorority, founded at Monmouth College in Monmouth, Illinois, United States. This makes Kappa Kappa Gamma one of the oldest extant womens Greek-letter societies, Kappa has a total membership of more than 260,000 women, with 140 collegiate chapters in the United States and Canada and 307 alumnae associations worldwide. Kappa Kappa Gamma is a fraternity, because it was founded before the term sorority came into use. Because men were able to create fraternity groups, Kappas founders thought they should be able to do the same, however, since it admits only women, it is referred to as a sorority. Kappa Kappa Gamma is also referred to as KKG and Kappa, Bennett and Boyd began to seek the choicest spirits among the girls, not only for literary work, but also for social development, beginning with their friend Mary Moore Stewart. Stewart, Boyd, and Bennett met around 1869 in the Amateurs des Belles Lettres Hall, soon after, they recruited three additional women, Anna Elizabeth Willits, Martha Louisa Stevenson, and Susan Burley Walker, to join in founding the fraternity. The six founders met at the home of Anna Willits to lay the groundwork for the formation of the first chapter of Kappa Kappa Gamma, later known as the Alpha Chapter. It was there that they chose the golden key as their badge, a formal charter was also drawn up by Minnie Stewarts father, who was an attorney in the state of Illinois. This day is recognized by the fraternity as Founders Day. In 1871, the fraternity expanded by chartering their Beta Chapter at nearby St. Marys Seminary. The next year, the fraternity expanded again to Gamma Chapter at Smithson College, since 1870, Kappa has continued to expand and has chartered 160 chapters,138 of which are active today. The womens fraternity Pi Beta Phi was founded as I. C, sorosis at Monmouth College in 1867. Kappa Kappa Gamma was founded at the college in 1870, sorosis adopted Greek letters and changed its named to Pi Beta Phi. Because both fraternities have their origins at the college within three years of one another, they are often called The Monmouth Duo. On campuses with Pi Beta Phi and Kappa Kappa Gamma chapters, Kappa Kappa Gamma recognizes the following official fraternity symbols, The badge of membership is the golden key. The standard badge is one inch in length and is sometimes jeweled with sapphires, on the front of the key are the Greek letters ΚΚΓ and ΑΩΟ. Often the initials and initiation date of the member to whom the badge belongs are inscribed on the back of the badge, the original keys were larger and were not standardized, many were specially made to the members specifications, sometimes including stones such as opals. They were also worn on members lapels, foreheads or hair, whereas today, the badge is worn strictly as an emblem of membership and only by initiated members
13.
Holly Hunter
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Holly Hunter is an American actress and producer. She was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Broadcast News, a seven-time Emmy Award nominee, Hunter won Emmys for Roe vs. Wade and The Positively True Adventures of the Alleged Texas Cheerleader-Murdering Mom. She also starred in the TNT drama series Saving Grace and her other film roles include Raising Arizona, Always, Copycat, Crash, O Brother, Where Art Thou. The Incredibles and Batman v Superman, Dawn of Justice, Hunter was born in Conyers, Georgia, the daughter of Opal Marguerite, a housewife, and Charles Edwin Hunter, a farmer and sporting-goods manufacturers representative. She eventually moved to New York City and roomed with fellow actress Frances McDormand, Hunter, in 2008, described living in The Bronx at the end of the D train, just off 205th Street, on Bainbridge Avenue and Hull Avenue. It was very Irish, and then you could go just a few blocks away and it was like the beginning of 1982. It was on 49th Street between Broadway and Eighth, on the south side of the street, Hunter recalled in an interview. We actually had a nice conversation and it was just the two of us. Hunter made her debut in the 1981 horror movie The Burning. After moving to Los Angeles in 1982, Hunter appeared in TV movies before being cast in a role in 1984s Swing Shift. Hunter went on to star in the comedy-drama Home for the Holidays and she also appeared in David Cronenbergs Crash and as a sardonic angel in A Life Less Ordinary. The following year, she played a recently divorced New Yorker in Richard LaGraveneses Living Out Loud, starring alongside Danny DeVito, Queen Latifah, and Martin Donovan. Hunter rounded out the 1990s with a role in the independent drama Jesus Son. Following a supporting role in the Coens O Brother, Where Art Thou, Hunter took top billing in the same years television movie Harlan County War, an account of labor struggles among Kentucky coal-mine workers. The following year found Hunter in the redemption drama Levity, also in 2003, Hunter had the role of a mother named Melanie Freeland, whose daughter is troubled and going through the perils of being a teenager in the film Thirteen. The film was critically acclaimed along with Hunter and her co-stars and earned her nominations for the Academy Award, in 2005, Hunter starred alongside Robin Williams in the black comedy-drama The Big White. Hunter became a producer, and helped develop a starring vehicle for herself with the TNT cable-network drama Saving Grace. For her acting, she received a Golden Globe Award nomination, on May 30,2008, Hunter received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
14.
Broadcast News (film)
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Broadcast News is a 1987 romantic comedy-drama film written, produced and directed by James L. Brooks. The film concerns a virtuoso television news producer, who has daily emotional breakdowns and it also stars Robert Prosky, Lois Chiles, Joan Cusack, and Jack Nicholson as the evening news anchor. The film revolves around three characters who work in television news, Jane Craig is a talented, neurotic producer whose life revolves around her work. Janes best friend and frequent collaborator, Aaron Altman, is a writer and reporter ambitious for on-camera exposure who is secretly in love with Jane. Tom Grunick, a news anchorman who until recently was a sports anchorman, is likeable and telegenic. He is attracted to Jane, although he is intimidated by her skills. All three work out of the Washington, D. C. office of a television network. Craig is drawn to Grunick, but resents his lack of qualifications for his new position as news anchor, Altman also is appalled by Grunicks lack of experience and knowledge, but accepts his advice when finally getting an opportunity to anchor a newscast himself. Unfortunately, he lacks Grunicks poise and composure in that seat, Altman acknowledges to Craig that he is in love with her while trying to dissuade her from pursuing a romantic relationship with Grunick. As a massive layoff hits the network, resulting in many colleagues losing their jobs, Altman tenders his resignation, however, before he leaves, he tips off Craig to a breach of ethics on Grunicks part. She decides she cannot in good conscience get personally involved with Grunick and she no longer has either man in her personal or professional life, at least until the three of them reunite several years later. The score was by Bill Conti, emmy Award-winning composers Glen Roven and Marc Shaiman make cameo appearances as a dorky musician team who have composed a theme for the news program in the film. The character of Jane Craig was based on journalist and news producer Susan Zirinsky, the female lead was originally written for Debra Winger, who worked with James L. Brooks in Terms of Endearment. However, Winger was replaced by Holly Hunter at the last minute because of her pregnancy, Broadcast News was given a limited release on December 16,1987, in seven theaters and managed to gross USD $197,542 on its opening weekend. It went into wide release on December 25,1987, in 677 theaters, the film went on to make $51.3 million in North America and $16.1 million in the rest of the world for a worldwide total of $67.3 million. In his review for The New York Times, Vincent Canby wrote, As the fast-talking Aaron, is more or less the conscience of Broadcast News. Hal Hinson, in his review for The Washington Post, wrote, Brooks is excellent at taking us inside the world of television and he has a facile, too-pat approach to dealing with issues, theres still too much of the sitcom mentality at work. The magazine also ranked Broadcast News as one of the best films of the year, the film garnered a 98% rating at Rotten Tomatoes and an 84 metascore at Metacritic
15.
Scottsdale, Arizona
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Scottsdale is a city in the eastern part of Maricopa County, Arizona, adjacent to the Greater Phoenix Area. The New York Times described downtown Scottsdale as a version of Miamis South Beach and as having plenty of late night partying. Its slogan is The Wests Most Western Town, Scottsdale,31 miles long and 11.4 miles wide at its widest point, shares boundaries with many other municipalities and entities. On the west, Scottsdale is bordered by Phoenix, Paradise Valley, carefree is located along the western boundary, as well as sharing Scottsdales northern boundary with the Tonto National Forest. To the south Scottsdale is bordered by Tempe, the area which would include what would become Scottsdale was originally inhabited by the Hohokam, from approximately 300 BC to 1450 AD. This ancient civilization farmed the area and developed a network of canals for irrigation which was unsurpassed in pre-Columbian North America. At its peak, the canals stretched over 250 miles, many of which remains extant today, some having been renovated. Under still-mysterious circumstances, the Hohokam disappeared around 1450 or 1500, the areas later occupants, the Pima and Oodham, are thought to be the direct descendants of the Hohokam people. Before European settlement, Scottsdale was a Pima village known as Vaṣai S-vaṣonĭ, some Pima remained in their original homes well into the 20th century. For example, until the late 1960s, there was a traditional dwelling on the southeast corner of Indian Bend Road. Currently, those Pima who live within Scottsdale reside in homes rather than traditional dwellings. Many Pima and Maricopa people continue to reside on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, in the early to mid 1880s, U. S. Army Chaplain Winfield Scott visited the Salt River Valley and was impressed with the region and its potential for agriculture. Returning in 1888 with his wife, Helen, he purchased 640 acres for $3.50 an acre for a stretch of land where downtown Scottsdale is now located. Many of the original settlers, recruited by Scott from the East and Midwest, were educated and had an appreciation for cultural activities. The towns name was changed to Scottsdale in 1894, after its founder, while not in its original building, Cavallieres has been in continuance operation since that time. Between 1908 and 1933, due to the construction of the Granite Reef and Roosevelt dams, Scottsdales population experienced a boom, Scottsdale became a small market town providing services for families involved in the agricultural industry. Although cotton is grown in southern Arizona, Scottsdales cotton boom ended with the loss of government contracts at the end of the war. In 1920, a resort was opened on 12 acres of the property owned by the artist Jessie Benton Evans
16.
Phoenix, Arizona
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Phoenix is the capital and most populous city of the U. S. state of Arizona. Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, the metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States, with approximately 4.3 million people as of 2010. Settled in 1867 as a community near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers. Located in the reaches of the Sonoran Desert, Phoenix has a subtropical desert climate. Despite this, its canal system led to a farming community, many of the original crops remaining important parts of the Phoenix economy for decades, such as alfalfa, cotton, citrus. The city averaged a four percent annual growth rate over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s. This growth rate slowed during the Great Recession of 2007–09, and has rebounded slowly, Phoenix is the cultural center of the Valley of the Sun, as well as the entire state. For more than 2,000 years, the Hohokam people occupied the land that would become Phoenix, the Hohokam created roughly 135 miles of irrigation canals, making the desert land arable. Paths of these canals would later used for the modern Arizona Canal, Central Arizona Project Canal. The Hohokam also carried out trade with the nearby Anasazi, Mogollon and Sinagua. It is believed that between 1300 and 1450, periods of drought and severe floods led to the Hohokam civilizations abandonment of the area. After the departure of the Hohokam, groups of Akimel Oodham, Tohono Oodham and Maricopa tribes began to use the area, as well as segments of the Yavapai and Apache. The Oodham were offshoots of the Sobaipuri tribe, who in turn were thought to be the descendants of the formerly urbanized Hohokam and their crops included corn, beans, and squash for food, while cotton and tobacco were also cultivated. Mostly a peaceful group, they did together with the Maricopa for their mutual protection against incursions by both the Yuma and Apache tribes. The Tohono Oodham lived in the region as well, but their concentration was to the south. Living in small settlements, the Oodham were seasonal farmers who took advantage of the rains and they also hunted local game such as deer, rabbit, and javalina for meat. When the Mexican–American War ended in 1848, Mexico ceded its northern zone to the United States, the Phoenix area became part of the New Mexico Territory. In 1863 the mining town of Wickenburg was the first to be established in what is now Maricopa County, at the time Maricopa County had not yet been incorporated, the land was within Yavapai County, which included the major town of Prescott to the north of Wickenburg
17.
Scotch Tape
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Scotch Tape is a brand name used for pressure-sensitive tapes manufactured by 3M as part of the companys Scotch brand. Their magnetic recording tape products were sold under the Scotch brand. The precursor to the current tapes was developed in the 1930s in St. Paul, although it is a trademark and a brand name, Scotch tape is sometimes used as a generic term. The Scotch brand includes many different constructions and colors of tape, the use of the term Scotch in the name was a pejorative meaning stingy in the 1920s and 1930s. The brand name Scotch came about around 1925 while Richard Drew was testing his first masking tape to determine how much adhesive he needed to add. The bodyshop painter became frustrated with the masking tape and exclaimed, Take this tape back to those Scotch bosses of yours. The name was applied to the entire line of 3M tapes. Scotty McTape, a kilt-wearing cartoon boy, was the mascot for two decades, first appearing in 1944. The familiar tartan design, a take on the well-known Wallace tartan, was introduced in 1945, the Scotch brand and Scotch Tape are registered trademarks of 3M. In 1996, 3M exited the magnetic tape business, selling its assets to Quantegy, in 1953, Soviet scientists showed that triboluminescence caused by peeling a roll of an unidentified Scotch brand tape in a vacuum can produce X-rays
18.
East New York, Brooklyn
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East New York is a residential neighborhood in the eastern section of the borough of Brooklyn in New York City, United States. The neighborhood is part of Brooklyn Community District 5, covered by Brooklyn Community Board 5, Linden Boulevard and Atlantic Avenue are the primary thoroughfares through East New York. ZIP codes include 11207,11208, and 11239, the area is patrolled by the 75th Precinct located at 1000 Sutter Avenue. New York City Housing Authority property in the area is patrolled by P. S. A, during the latter part of the twentieth century, East New York came to be predominantly inhabited by African Americans and Latinos. The southern portions of the neighborhood, meanwhile, consisted of salt marshes and several creeks and these areas were originally settled by the Jameco Native Americans, and later used by the Canarsee and Rockaway tribes as fishing grounds. In the 1650s, Dutch colonists began settling in the sections of Brooklyn, forming the towns of Flatbush, Bushwick. The area along with the rest of Brooklyn and modern New York City was ceded to the British Empire in 1664. A few 18th Century roads, including the road or Palmer Turnpike from Brooklyn to Jamaica, passed through the chain of hills. In 1835, Connecticut merchant John Pitkin purchased the land of the Town of New Lots north of New Lots Avenue, opening a factory at what is now Williams Street. Pitkin named the area East New York to signify it as the end of New York City. In 1836 the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad opened through the area, it did not originally stop in East New York, in 1860 the LIRR moved its terminus to Queens, and the line through Brooklyn was shortened to end at East New York. In 1852, New Lots was officially ceded from the Town of Flatbush, in the middle 19th century, the road between Brooklyn and Jamaica became the Brooklyn and Jamaica Plank Road. The New York and Manhattan Beach Railway and the Long Island Rail Road were also built through the pass, the point where they met was called Broadway Junction. As often happened at 19th Century railroad junctions, a town arose. The road to Brooklyn was renamed Fulton Street, the one to Jamaica, Jamaica Avenue, in the 20th Century its name came to be applied to much of the former township. During this same period, large numbers of Puerto Ricans from the Caribbean island, East New York, no longer replete with the jobs the new residents had come for, was thereby faced with a host of new socioeconomic problems, including widespread unemployment and crime. Since the late 1950s East New York has had some of the highest crime rates in Brooklyn, many social problems associated with poverty from crime to drug addiction have been prevalent in the area for decades. Despite the decline of crime compared to their peaks during the crack and heroin epidemics, East New Yorks 75th Police Precinct reported the highest murder rate in the city in 2011, according to crime reports compiled by DNAinfo. com
19.
Jacob K. Javits Convention Center
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It was designed by architect James Ingo Freed of Pei Cobb Freed & Partners. The controversial and revolutionary space frame structure was begun in 1980, finished in 1986, and named for United States Senator Jacob K. Javits, the Center is operated and maintained by the New York City Convention Center Operating Corporation. The convention center has an area space of 1,800,000 square feet and has 840,000 square feet of total exhibit space. Today, it hosts events such as the New York International Auto Show and it is billed as one of the busiest convention centers in the United States, but it is only the twelfth-largest. A new convention center over the river between 38th and 42nd Streets was included in the Citys 1962 plan for the West Side waterfront. Several other sites were studied, including the New York Central rail yard between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues and the west 50s between Eighth and Ninth avenues. The City then moved the center site to the Hudson River, in place of Piers 84 and 86, despite the high cost of foundations. That 44th Street convention center, designed by Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, in exchange, the community received a special zoning district that offered some protection from development. The Battery Park City site was rejected because it was considered to be too far from midtown hotels, the Times Square plan, by the Regional Plan Association, was not seriously considered by the City. The rail yard site was proposed by the local community because of their concern about the major office. By 1979, the I. M. Pei and Partners-designed Center started construction on the West Side, the center was completed in 1986. The jobs at the center were reserved for members of Local 807 of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, other local members who work outside the center are usually paid less than $100 a day, the panel said. On October 16,2006, a ceremony was held to mark the symbolic start of a $1.7 billion expansion project. The project, which would have expanded the size by 45 percent, was scheduled for completion by 2010. Architect Richard Rogers led the team, and Leslie E. Robertson Associates were the structural engineers. However, the constraints on the project site imposed by the Bloomberg administration complicated the design. Other features of the HKNA plan included a park, office and residential towers at the corners of the new exhibition hall. In the end, the Mayor ignored the HKNA plan, cancelled the Javits expansion, in April 2008, Governor David Paterson decided to renovate the existing Javits building with a severely revised budget of $465 million
20.
Barneys New York
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Barneys New York is an American chain of luxury department stores founded and headquartered in New York, New York. The chain operates 26 flagship, boutique, and outlet stores in the United States, in addition, eleven stores in Japan are licensed and operated by a third party. Barneys Clothes was stocked with 40 brand name suits and a big sign with a slogan, No Bunk, No Junk, Barneys sold clothing at discounted prices by purchasing showroom samples, retail overstocks, and manufacturers closeouts at auctions and bankruptcy sales. It also offered free alterations and free parking to attract customers and he sponsored radio programs featuring Irish tenors and bands playing jigs to advertise Irish woolens. Women encased in barrels gave away matchbooks with the store name and he also chartered a boat to take 2,000 of his customers from Manhattan to Coney Island. In a 1973 interview with Business Week, Fred Pressman, Barney Pressmans son and my father and I have always hated cheap goods. I didnt want to sell low-end merchandise, now, many of those who chose to are verging on bankruptcy. Pressman is quoted saying, The best value you can offer a customer is personal attention to every detail, ultimately, the customer cares the most about how he or she is treated. In 1970, Barneys built a story onto their original building. The original store was renamed America House and the addition was named International House, the expanded store occupied the entire Seventh Avenue block, with 100,000 square feet of selling space and 20 individual shops. International House, Fred Pressman promised, would feature complete collections of European designers, from denim pants to $250 suits, not just a watered-down potpourri of fabrics, the renovated America House, he said, would hold merchandise from manufacturers who are in effect designers. By 1973, the store was stocking 60,000 suits and it carried the full lines of designers such as Bill Blass, Pierre Cardin, Christian Dior, and Hubert de Givenchy. It became the first clothing store in the U. S. to stock the full line of Giorgio Armani, Barneys is widely credited to have introduced Giorgio Armani to the American public. Womens clothing was introduced in 1976 on the floor of the International House. The next year, the store relocated to The Penthouse. Barneys also added housewares, cosmetics, and gift departments to the store, also in 1977, Barneys in-store restaurant was renamed The Cafe and began selling salads, soup and sandwiches. The apostrophe in Barneys was dropped in 1981, in 1981, the womens penthouse became a duplex. Barneys imported 80% of the womens and 40% of the mens merchandise, the $25 million,70, 000-square-foot womens store finally opened in 1986 in a row of six townhouses and two larger adjacent buildings across the store along 17th Street
21.
Fern Mallis
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Fern Mallis was the executive director of the Council of Fashion Designers of America from 1991–2001, and created 7th on Sixth productions or New York Fashion Week as it is known today. She was also vice president of IMG Fashion from 2001 to 2010. Mallis is currently president of her own fashion and design consultancy. She received her BFA from University at Buffalo, Mallis also served as a global ambassador for IMG, advising in many countries on organizing fashion events, judging fashion shows, and mentoring students. She was also a producer for The Fashion Show and for CWs reality television series ReModeled. She chaired the Sidewalk Catwalk exhibition in the Fashion District, a display of 32 mannequins created by leading designers in summer 2010. Mallis is President of her own fashion and design consultancy, Fern Mallis LLC. She is on the Board of Directors for Robert Graham in New York and Tara Jewels in Mumbai and she is a consultant to Charleston Fashion Week and Seoul Fashion Week, and has served as Executive Advisor to Concept Korea for New York Fashion Week. She serves on a number of boards, including Industrial Revolution II. She also hosts Fashion Insiders w/Fern Mallis on Sirius XMs celebrity talk channel STARS, in January 2012, she made her theatre stage debut in the Off-Broadway production of Nora & Delia Ephron’s Love, Loss, and What I Wore. In February 2012, she launched a line called FERN FINDS. In February 2015, Mallis was quoted by the New York Post as saying she was unimpressed by Kanye West, in June 2015, at the CFDA Awards, West was quoted as saying, I totally respect Fern s voice. In May 2013, she gave the Fashion Institute of Technology’s keynote commencement address and was awarded the rarely bestowed FIT President’s Lifetime Achievement Award, Fern Mallis LLC Fern Mallis FIT commencement speech Fashion Culture, Fashion Lives, Fashion Icons with Fern Mallis from Archive on Demand
22.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
23.
Burberry
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Burberry Group, Inc. is a British luxury fashion house headquartered in London, England. Its main fashion house focuses on and distributes ready-to-wear outerwear, fashion accessories, fragrances, sunglasses, the first shop opened up in the Haymarket, London, in 1891. Burberry was an independent family controlled company until 1955, when it was reincorporated, the fashion house has dressed notable actors, world leaders, musicians, and athletes. Its distinctive check pattern has one of its most widely copied trademarks. Burberry is most famous for its trench coat, Burberry has branded stores and franchises around the world and sells through concessions in third-party stores. Christopher Bailey has been the CEO and Chief Creative Officer since 2014, the company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE100 Index. In 2015, Burberry ranked 73rd in Interbrands Best Global Brands report, ahead of Ralph Lauren, Burberry has more than 500 stores in over 50 countries. Burberry was founded in 1856 when 21-year-old Thomas Burberry, a drapers apprentice, opened his own store in Basingstoke, Hampshire. By 1870, the business had established itself by focusing on the development of outdoors attire, in 1879, Burberry introduced in his brand the gabardine, a hardwearing, water-resistant yet breathable fabric, in which the yarn is waterproofed before weaving. Burberry was the name, but then the company soon switched to using the name Burberrys. In 1999, it reverted to its old name, Burberry, the name Burberrys of London is still visible on many older Burberry products. In 1891, Burberry opened a shop in the Haymarket, London, in 1901, the Burberry Equestrian Knight Logo was developed containing the Latin word Prorsum, meaning forwards, and later registered it as a trademark in 1909. In 1911 they became the outfitters for Roald Amundsen, the first man to reach the South Pole, and Ernest Shackleton, a Burberry gabardine jacket was worn by George Mallory on his attempt on Mount Everest in 1924. Adapted to meet the needs of military personnel, the coat was born during the First World War. After the war, the coat became popular with civilians. The iconic Burberry check has been in use since at least the 1920s, Burberry also specially designed aviation garments. In 1937, A. E. Clouston and Betty Kirby-Green broke the record for the fastest return flight from London to Cape Town in The Burberry plane – which was sponsored by the brand. Burberry was an independent family controlled company until 1955, when it was taken over by Great Universal Stores, stars of the modern world began wearing the Burberrys brand
24.
Vogue (magazine)
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Vogue is an American fashion and lifestyle magazine made up of many components including fashion, beauty, culture, living, and runway. Vogue began as a newspaper in 1892 in the United States. The British Vogue was the first international edition launched in 1916, Turnures intention was to create a publication that celebrated the ceremonial side of life, one that attracts the sage as well as debutante, men of affairs as well as the belle. From its inception, the magazine targeted the new New York upper class, the magazine at this time was primarily concerned with fashion, with coverage of sports and social affairs included for its male readership. Despite the magazines content, it very slowly during this period. Condé Montrose Nast purchased Vogue in 1905 one year before Turnures death and he changed it to a bi-weekly magazine and started Vogue overseas in the 1910s. Under Nast, the magazine shifted its focus to women. The magazines number of publications and profit increased dramatically under Nasts management, by 1911, the Vogue brand had garnered a reputation that it continues to maintain, targeting an elite audience and expanding into the coverage of weddings. According to Condé Naste Russia, after the First World War made deliveries in the Old World impossible, the decision to print in England proved to be successful causing Nast to release the first issue of French Vogue in 1920. The magazines number of subscriptions surged during the Great Depression, during this time, noted critic and former Vanity Fair editor Frank Crowninshield served as its editor, having been moved over from Vanity Fair by publisher Condé Nast. In July of 1932, American Vogue placed its first color photograph on the cover of the magazine, the photograph was taken by photographer Edward Steichen and portrays a woman swimmer holding a beach ball in the air. Nast was responsible for introducing color printing and the two-page spread and he greatly impacted the magazine and turned it into a successful business and the womens magazine we recognize today and greatly increased the sales volumes until his death in 1942. Toward this end, Vogue extended coverage to include East Village boutiques such as Limbo on St, marks Place, as well as including features of downtown personalities such as Andy Warhols Superstar Jane Holzers favorite haunts. Vogue also continued making household names out of models, a practice continued with Suzy Parker, Twiggy, Jean Shrimpton, Lauren Hutton, Veruschka, Marisa Berenson, Penelope Tree. In 1973, Vogue became a monthly publication, under editor-in-chief Grace Mirabella, the magazine underwent extensive editorial and stylistic changes to respond to changes in the lifestyles of its target audience. Mirabella states that she was chosen to change Vogue because women werent interested in reading about or buying clothes that served no purpose in their changing lives and she was selected to make the magazine appeal to the the free, working, liberated woman of the seventies. She changed the magazine by adding text with interviews, arts coverage, when that type of stylihtic ceange f ell out of favor in the 1980s, Mirabella was brutally fired. Her take on it, For a magazine devoted to style, in July of 1988, after Vogue had began to lose ground to a three-year-old upstart Elle, Anna Wintour was named editor-in-chief
25.
Anna Wintour
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Dame Anna Wintour DBE is a British-American journalist and editor. She has been editor-in-chief of Vogue since 1988, in 2013, she became artistic director for Condé Nast, Vogues publisher. Her reportedly aloof and demanding personality has earned her the nickname Nuclear Wintour, the eldest daughter of Charles Wintour, editor of the London Evening Standard, her father consulted her on how to make the newspaper relevant to the youth of the era. She became interested in fashion as a teenager and her career in fashion journalism began at two British magazines. Later, she moved to the US, with stints at New York and she returned to London and was the editor of British Vogue between 1985 and 1987. A year she assumed control of the franchises magazine in New York. Her use of the magazine to shape the fashion industry has been the subject of debate within it, animal rights activists have attacked her for promoting fur, while other critics have charged her with using the magazine to promote elitist views of femininity and beauty. In 2009, she was the focus of film, R. J. Wintour was born in Hampstead, London in 1949, to Charles Wintour, editor of the Evening Standard, and Eleanor Nonie Trego Baker, an American and her parents married in 1940 and divorced in 1979. Wintour was named after her grandmother, Anna Baker, a merchants daughter from Pennsylvania. Audrey Slaughter, an editor who founded publications such as Honey. The late-18th-century novelist Lady Elizabeth Foster, Duchess of Devonshire, was Wintours great-great-great-grandmother, and Sir Augustus Vere Foster and her older brother, Gerald, died in a traffic accident as a child. One of her brothers, Patrick, is also a journalist. James and Nora Wintour have worked in London local government and for international non-governmental organisations, in her youth, Wintour was educated at the independent North London Collegiate School, where she frequently rebelled against the dress code by taking up the hemlines of her skirts. At the age of 14, she began wearing her hair in a bob and she developed an interest in fashion as a regular viewer of Cathy McGowan on Ready Steady Go. and from the issues of Seventeen which her grandmother sent from the United States. Growing up in London in the 60s, youd have to have had Irving Penns sack over your head not to know something extraordinary was happening in fashion and her father regularly consulted her when he was considering ideas for increasing readership in the youth market. At the age of 15, she began dating well-connected older men and she was involved briefly with Piers Paul Read, then 24. In her later teens, she and gossip columnist Nigel Dempster became a fixture on the London club circuit, I think my father really decided for me that I should work in fashion, she recalled in The September Issue
26.
City block
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A city block, urban block or simply block is a central element of urban planning and urban design. A city block is the smallest area that is surrounded by streets, City blocks are the space for buildings within the street pattern of a city, and form the basic unit of a citys urban fabric. City blocks may be subdivided into any number of land lots usually in private ownership, though in some cases. City blocks are usually built-up to varying degrees and thus form the physical containers or streetwalls of public space, most cities are composed of a greater or lesser variety of sizes and shapes of urban block. This arrangement is intended to provide social interaction among people. Since the spacing of streets in grid plans varies so widely among cities, or even within cities, it is difficult to generalize about the size of a city block. However, as points, the standard square blocks of Portland, Houston, and Sacramento are 264 by 264 feet,330 by 330 feet. Oblong blocks range considerably in width and length, the standard block in Manhattan is about 264 by 900 feet, and in some U. S. cities standard blocks are as wide as 660 feet. The blocks in Edmonton, Canada are 330 by 560 feet, the blocks in central Melbourne, Australia, are 330 by 660 feet, formed by splitting the square blocks in an original grid with a narrow street down the middle. Many world cities have grown by accretion over time rather than being planned from the outset, for this reason, a regular pattern of even, square or rectangular city blocks is not so common among European cities, for example. An exception is represented by those cities that were founded as Roman military settlements, one notable example is Turin, Italy. Following the example of Philadelphia, New York City adopted the Commissioners Plan of 1811 for an extensive grid plan. In much of the United States and Canada, the addressing systems follow a block and lot number system, the concept of city block can be generalized as a superblock or sub-block. Superblocks were popular during the early and mid-20th century, arising from modernist ideas in architecture, planning in this era was based upon the distance and speed scales for the automobile and discounted the pedestrian and cyclist modes, as obsolete transportation vehicles. Superblocks are often found in suburbs or planned cities, or are the result of urban renewal of the mid-20th century, in a residential area of a suburb, the interior of the superblock is typically served by dead-ended or looped streets. In this way, superblocks cut up the city into isolated units, expanded automobile dominance, superblocks can also be found in central city areas, where they are more often associated with institutional, educational, recreational and corporate rather than residential uses. The traditional urban block diffused automobile traffic onto several narrower roads at slower speeds and this more finely connected network of narrower roads better allowed the pedestrian and cyclist realms to flourish. The superblock, at the only suitable for automobiles
27.
Natick Mall
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The Natick Mall is a shopping mall, located in Natick, Massachusetts and currently owned by GGP Inc. The original facility became the first enclosed shopping mall in Greater Boston with its opening in 1966, and was demolished and replaced by a larger building in 1994. Following a significant expansion in 2007, the mall was brought to a total of 1,860,000 sq ft gross leasable area and is the largest mall in New England by number of tenants, with 250. The Natick Mall was originally anchored by Filenes and Sears, it is anchored by Sears, Lord & Taylor, Macys, Neiman Marcus. Previous anchors include J. C. Penney and Jordan Marsh, construction of the original Natick Mall began in 1965, connecting two stand-alone locations of Sears and Filenes, with a 725,000 square-foot, one-story facility of twenty-five stores. The project would become the first enclosed mall in Greater Boston and it was dedicated on April 27,1966 with two smaller anchors on the north end of the mall, Woolworths, Prays Furniture, and a large fountain/entertainment area. Prays Furniture was eventually replaced with a Boston Baby store, but after the closure of Boston Baby in the 1980s, by the 1990s, the mall lost popularity, as it had been largely unchanged for almost 25 years. As a result, shoppers began commuting to other facilities in the region, in 1992, the Homart Development Company purchased the Natick Mall, in late 2006, the mall began an upscale renovation and expansion. Its image was re-branded, first by attempting to change its name to simply Natick, after resistance from the town, the mall was instead renamed the Natick Collection. The first phase saw the renovation of the facility and the addition of a new wing on the propertys north-east end. The expansion added two new anchors, Nordstrom and Neiman Marcus, and nearly 100 new stores to the mall and this phase was opened to the public on September 7,2007, though some stores planned to open through the winter and following spring. Construction of a Crate & Barrel, a relocated California Pizza Kitchen, the southwest mall entrance was moved approximately 100 ft, placing it between Crate & Barrel and the California Pizza Kitchen, across from the northwest wing housing J. C. The new 30,000 sq ft Crate & Barrel facility replaced the original 10,000 sq ft store with a new store that occupies parts of the original location. In October 2009, the phase of the expansion, The Promenade at Natick Collection, opened on the south-western section of the mall along Route 9. The third phase, the construction of the condominiums, which originally had a completion of summer 2008. The final phase is the addition of a ten to twelve story luxury hotel adjacent to the new wing. While initial site work has been completed, the difficulties of mall parent General Growth Properties had put the final phases construction into doubt. The Great Recession negatively effected mall expansion, by December 2008, condominium sales in Nouvelle at Natick were behind projections, with only 34 of the 215 units sold or under contract
28.
SoHo, Manhattan
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The areas history is an archetypal example of inner-city regeneration and gentrification, encompassing socioeconomic, cultural, political, and architectural developments. The name SoHo refers to the area being South of Houston Street, and was also a reference to Soho and it was coined by Chester Rapkin, an urban planner and author of The South Houston Industrial Area study, also known as the Rapkin Report. It consists of 26 blocks and approximately 500 buildings, many of them incorporating cast-iron architectural elements, many side streets in the district are paved with Belgian blocks. SoHo is bounded by Houston Street on the side, Canal Street on the south, Crosby Street on the east. The AIA Guide to New York City gives the western boundary of SoHo north of Broome Street as West Broadway. The AIA Guide calls that neighborhood An intersection of brick and glass, searching for an identity, the SoHo-Cast Iron Historic District is contained within the zoned SoHo neighborhood. The boundary lines are not straight, and some block-fronts on West Broadway and this land was acquired in the 1660s by Augustine Hermann, and then passed to his brother-in-law, Nicholas Bayard. The estate was confiscated by the state as a result of Bayards part in Leislers Rebellion, in the 18th century natural barriers – streams and hills – impeded the growth of the city northward into the Bayard estate, and the area maintained its rural character. During the American Revolution, the area was the location of fortifications, redoubts. A canal was built to drain the pond into the Hudson, once Broadway was paved and sidewalks were built there and along Canal Street, more people began to make their homes there, joining earlier arrivals such as James Fennimore Cooper. This dramatic shift in the nature of the continued to drive out residents. This phase came to an end by the close of the 19th century, and as the center of the city continued to move uptown, after World War II, the textile industry largely moved to the South, leaving many large buildings in the district unoccupied. In some buildings they were replaced by warehouses and printing plants, by the 1950s, the area had become known as Hells Hundred Acres, an industrial wasteland, full of sweatshops and small factories in the daytime, but empty at night. SoHo boasts the greatest collection of architecture in the world. Approximately 250 cast-iron buildings stand in New York City and the majority of them are in SoHo, cast iron was initially used as a decorative front over a pre-existing building. With the addition of modern, decorative facades, older buildings were able to attract new commercial clients. Most of these facades were constructed during the period from 1840 to 1880, in addition to revitalizing older structures, buildings in SoHo were later designed to feature the cast iron. An American architectural innovation, cast iron was cheaper to use for facades than materials such as stone or brick, molds of ornamentation, prefabricated in foundries, were used interchangeably for many buildings, and a broken piece could be easily recast
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Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo
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Aoyama is one of the wealthiest neighborhoods of Tokyo, located in the northwest portion of Minato Ward. The area is known for its international fashion houses, cafes. During the Edo Period, Aoyama was home to temples, shrines. The name Aoyama derived from a samurai named Aoyama Tadanari who served the Tokugawa Shogunate, today, along with Shibuya and Harajuku, it is one of the most popular entertainment and shopping areas for young people in Tokyo. It is well known for its houses, restaurants. Chichibunomiya Rugby Stadium is in the North part of Aoyama. also known as Nikken Avex Group Holdings, CSK Louis Vuitton Japan JCB Comme des Garçons RIAJ Hip Land Music Corp
30.
Liz Claiborne
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Anne Elisabeth Jane Liz Claiborne was a Belgian-born American fashion designer and businesswoman. Her success was built upon stylish yet affordable apparel for women featuring colorfully tailored separates that could be mixed and matched. Claiborne is best known for co-founding Liz Claiborne Inc. which in 1986 became the first company founded by a woman to make the Fortune 500 list, Claiborne was the first woman to become chair and CEO of a Fortune 500 company. Claiborne was born in Brussels to American parents and she came from a prominent Louisiana family with an ancestor, William C. C. Claiborne, who served as Louisianas first governor after statehood, during the War of 1812, in 1939, at the start of World War II, the family returned to New Orleans. Claiborne attended St. Timothys, a school then in Catonsville, Maryland. Rather than finishing high school, Claiborne went to Europe to study art in the studios of painters and her father did not believe that she needed an education, so she studied art informally. She also worked for the former Hollywood costume designer turned fashion designer and she worked as a designer for Dan Keller and Youth Group Inc. in 1976. It was an success, with sales of $2 million in 1976. By 1988, it had acquired one-third of the American womens upscale sportswear market, marketing strategies Claiborne developed changed the nature of retail stores. For example, Claiborne insisted that her line of clothing be displayed separately, as a department to itself and this was the first time customers were able to select many types of clothing articles by brand name alone in one location of a department store. That tradition for the grouping of special brands has become the typical arrangement for name brands in contemporary stores, in 1980, Liz Claiborne Accessories was founded through employee Nina McLemore. Liz Claiborne Inc. went public in 1981 and made the Fortune 500 list in 1986 with retail sales of $1.2 billion, Claiborne listed all employees in her corporate directory in alphabetical order, to circumvent what she perceived as male hierarchies. She controlled meetings by ringing a bell and became famous for her love of red—Liz Red. She sometimes would pose as a saleswoman to see what average women thought of her clothes, claibornes first marriage was to Ben Shultz, but it ended in divorce. In 1957, she married her co-worker, textile executive Arthur Ortenberg and she had a son from her first marriage, Alexander G. Schultz, and two stepchildren from her second marriage, Neil Ortenberg and Nancy Ortenberg. Claiborne retired from management in 1989. By that stage, she had acquired other companies, notably Kayser-Roth and her husband retired at the same time, leaving the other founders as the active managers
31.
Tapestry, Inc.
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Coach, Inc. is a multinational luxury fashion company based in New York City. Coach was founded in 1941, as a workshop in a loft on 34th Street in Manhattan, with six leatherworkers who made wallets. In 1946, Miles Cahn and his wife Lillian joined the company, Miles and Lillian Cahn were owners of a leather handbag manufacturing business, and were knowledgeable about leatherworks and business. By 1950, Cahn had taken over the business, during the early years, Cahn noticed the distinctive properties and qualities of the leather used to make baseball gloves. With wear and use, the leather in a glove became softer and suppler, attempting to mimic this process, Cahn made a way of processing the leather to make it stronger, softer, and more flexible. Since the leather absorbed dye very well, this also created a richer, deeper color in the leather. Soon after Cahn developed this new process, Lillian Cahn suggested to Miles that the supplement the factorys mens accessories business by adding womens leather handbags. The sturdy cowhide bags were an immediate hit, Miles and Lillian Cahn bought the company through a leveraged buyout in 1961. In 1961, Cahn hired Bonnie Cashin, a sportswear pioneer, Cashin revolutionized the products design, working as creative head for Coach from 1962 through 1974. Cashin instituted the inclusion of side pockets, coin purses, in 1979, Lewis Frankfort joined the company as vice-president of business development. During this time, Coach was making $6 million in sales and products were being distributed through the wholesale channel. He was mentored by the then executive VP of sales, Richard Rose, Richard joined Coach in 1965, and he is credited with making Coach a household name after putting the product in department stores across the United States and abroad. He retired from his position in the company in 1995, in 1981, under Frankforts leadership, the company opened its first directly operated retail location on Madison Avenue in Midtown Manhattan. Coach was then sold to Sara Lee Corporation for a reported $30 million, Lew Frankfort succeeded Cahn as president. Sara Lee structured Coach under its Hanes Group, in early 1986, new boutiques were opened in Macys stores in New York City and San Francisco. Additional Coach stores were under construction, and similar boutiques were to be opened in major department stores later that year. By November 1986, the company was operating 12 stores, along with nearly 50 boutiques within department stores. In 1996, Lew Frankfort was named chairman and CEO of Coach, the following year, under Frankforts leadership, Coach hired Reed Krakoff, whose creative and commercials instincts aimed to make Coach products functional, lightweight, and stylish
32.
Valentine's Day
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Valentines Day, also called Saint Valentines Day or the Feast of Saint Valentine, is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14. According to legend, during his imprisonment, Saint Valentine healed the daughter of his jailer, Asterius, the day first became associated with romantic love within the circle of Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th century, when the tradition of courtly love flourished. In 18th-century England, it evolved into an occasion in which expressed their love for each other by presenting flowers, offering confectionery. In Europe, Saint Valentines Keys are given to lovers as a romantic symbol, Valentines Day symbols that are used today include the heart-shaped outline, doves, and the figure of the winged Cupid. Since the 19th century, handwritten valentines have given way to mass-produced greeting cards, Saint Valentines Day is an official feast day in the Anglican Communion, as well as in the Lutheran Church. Numerous early Christian martyrs were named Valentine, the Valentines honored on February 14 are Valentine of Rome and Valentine of Terni. Valentine of Rome was a priest in Rome who was martyred in 269 and was added to the calendar of saints by Pope Galesius in 496 and was buried on the Via Flaminia. The flower-crowned skull of Saint Valentine is exhibited in the Basilica of Santa Maria in Cosmedin, other relics are found at Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church in Dublin, Ireland. Valentine of Terni became bishop of Interamna and is said to have been martyred during the persecution under Emperor Aurelian in 273 and he is buried on the Via Flaminia, but in a different location from Valentine of Rome. His relics are at the Basilica of Saint Valentine in Terni, oruch states that abstracts of the acts of the two saints were in nearly every church and monastery of Europe. The Catholic Encyclopedia also speaks of a saint named Valentine who was mentioned in early martyrologies under date of February 14. He was martyred in Africa with a number of companions, Saint Valentines head was preserved in the abbey of New Minster, Winchester, and venerated. February 14 is celebrated as St. Valentines Day in various Christian denominations, it has, for example, in addition, the feast day of Saint Valentine is also given in the calendar of saints of the Lutheran Church. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, St. J. C. Cooper, in The Dictionary of Christianity, contemporary records of Saint Valentine were most probably destroyed during this Diocletianic Persecution in the early 4th century. The same events are found in Bedes Martyrology, which was compiled in the 8th century. It states that Saint Valentine was persecuted as a Christian and interrogated by Roman Emperor Claudius II in person, Claudius was impressed by Valentine and had a discussion with him, attempting to get him to convert to Roman paganism in order to save his life. Valentine refused and tried to convert Claudius to Christianity instead, because of this, he was executed. Before his execution, he is reported to have performed a miracle by healing Julia, the jailers daughter and his forty-six member household came to believe in Jesus and were baptized
33.
David Spade
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David Wayne Spade is an American actor, stand-up comedian, writer and television personality. He rose to fame in the 1990s as a cast member on Saturday Night Live and he also starred and co-starred in the films Tommy Boy, Black Sheep, Joe Dirt, Joe Dirt 2, Beautiful Loser, Grown Ups, and Grown Ups 2, among others. He has also been part of an ensemble cast of two long-running sitcoms, Just Shoot Me. and Rules of Engagement and he also starred as C. J. Barnes in the sitcom 8 Simple Rules. In animation, he voiced Kuzco in the 2000 film The Emperors New Groove and its direct-to-video sequel, Spade is known for a comedic style, in both his stand-up material and acting roles, that relies heavily on sarcasm and self-deprecation. Spade was born in Birmingham, Michigan and he is the son of Judith J. a writer and magazine editor, and Wayne M. Spade, a sales representative. His brothers are Bryan and Andy Spade, Andy Spade is an entrepreneur who, together with his wife Kate Spade, Spade and his family moved to Scottsdale, Arizona, when David was four years old. His parents divorced soon thereafter, and he and his brothers were raised for the most part by their mother, Spade attended Saguaro High School and later Scottsdale Community College, before transferring to Arizona State University, where he earned his bachelors degree in business in 1986. He also was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, Spade performed standup at the universitys long-running sketch comedy show, Farce Side Comedy Hour, on numerous occasions. In the mid-80s he also did stand up in the Monday night comedy show at Greasy Tonys Pizza in Tempe, with the help of friend and fellow comedian Dennis Miller, he joined Saturday Night Live in 1988. By 1990, Spade was a regular cast member as well as writer, other characters include Christy Henderson from the Gap Girls, and Karl from the Karls Video sketches. He also did impressions of celebrities, including Brad Pitt. According to interviews with Spade, most of the material that he early in his time at SNL was given to Dana Carvey to perform on the show. Due to his relatively low rate, he was in danger of being fired as a performer. Referring to Murphys lack of box office success at the time, the crack led to audience boos, and made Murphy upset at both Spade and SNL for years afterwards. Though most of the cast left in 1995, Spade stayed the following year to help in the transition with the new cast and he then quit in 1996 citing burnout as the reason. Said Spade, When I leave, it will be to ease the pressure and you cant stay there forever – it kills you inside. It ages you in dog years and he returned to host an episode in 1998 and another in 2005. He appeared with fellow Saturday Night Live cast member and friend Chris Farley in two comedy films, Tommy Boy and Black Sheep
34.
Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city
35.
Henry W. Bloch School of Management
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Henry W. Bloch School of Management is an AACSB accredited business school founded in 1952 at the University of Missouri-Kansas City in Kansas City, Missouri. It offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in Business, Accounting and Public Administration and it is named after Alumnus Henry W. Bloch, founder of H&R Block. The Bloch School also offers NASPAA accredited degrees in Public administration, however, the methodology of the study and the independence of its authors was questioned. In March,2015, the published an expression of concern regarding the study. However, four independent scholars had later reviewed the article and found its methodology to be acceptable, the School is also home to a number of centers and institutes such as the L. P. Cookingham Institute of Urban Affairs and the Midwest Center for Nonprofit Leadership, University of Missouri–Kansas City Missouri University System UMKC Law School UMKC School of Medicine Official website
