1.
82nd Academy Awards
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The ceremony was scheduled well after its usual late-February date to avoid conflicting with the 2010 Winter Olympics. During the ceremony, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards in 24 categories, the ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC, and was produced by Bill Mechanic and Adam Shankman and directed by Hamish Hamilton. Actors Alec Baldwin and Steve Martin hosted the show, Martin hosted for the third time, he first presided over the 73rd ceremony held in 2001 and last hosted the 75th ceremony held in 2003. Meanwhile, this was Baldwins first Oscars hosting stint and this was also the first telecast to have multiple hosts since the 59th ceremony held in 1987. On February 20,2010, in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, the Hurt Locker won six awards, including Best Picture and Best Director for Kathryn Bigelow, the first woman to win an Academy Award for Best Director. The telecast garnered nearly 42 million viewers in the United States, the nominees for the 82nd Academy Awards were announced on February 2,2010, at 5,38 a. m. PST at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Tom Sherak, president of the Academy, Avatar and The Hurt Locker led the nominations with nine each. The winners were announced during the ceremony on March 7,2010. Kathryn Bigelow made history as the first female to win the Oscar for Best Director, up became only the second animated film to earn a Best Picture nomination. 1991s Beauty and the Beast was the first such film to achieve this feat, Best Adapted Screenplay winner Geoffrey Fletcher was the first African American winner of a screenwriting Oscar. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger, the Academy held its 1st Annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 14,2009, during which the following awards were presented. Lauren Bacall — In recognition of her place in the golden age of motion pictures. Roger Corman — For his rich engendering of films and filmmakers, gordon Willis — For unsurpassed mastery of light, shadow, color and motion. John Calley The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, because of the declining viewership of recent Academy Awards ceremonies, the Academy sought ideas to revamp the show while renewing interest with the nominated films. After the previous years telecast, which saw a 13% increase in viewership, AMPAS then-president Sid Ganis announced that the ceremony would feature ten Best Picture nominees, rather than traditional five. The expansion was a throwback to the Academys early years in the 1930s and 1940s, I cant wait to see what that list of ten looks like when the nominees are announced in February. Ganis also said that became difficult to get a clear winner, a cause of this was required a change in the voting system from first-past-the-post to alternative vote. Choreographer Adam Shankman and Bill Mechanic were hired as producers for the ceremony, many of the previous years well-received elements returned
82nd Academy Awards
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Official poster
82nd Academy Awards
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Kathryn Bigelow, Best Director winner
82nd Academy Awards
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Jeff Bridges, Best Actor winner
82nd Academy Awards
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Sandra Bullock, Best Actress winner
2.
San Carlos, California
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San Carlos is a city in San Mateo County, California on the San Francisco Peninsula, about halfway between San Francisco and San Jose. It is an affluent residential suburb located between Belmont to the north and Redwood City to the south. The population was 28,406 at the 2010 census, San Carlos, The City of Good Living, aims for a small town feel. Its main downtown area is composed mostly of small shops and restaurants, San Carlos was the first city in California to open a charter school, and its schools rank consistently well in statewide lists. San Carlos is home to San Carlos Airport and two museums, located downtown, the San Carlos History Museum is dedicated to the display of the history of the town from early Native American history to the space age. This museum is open every Saturday from 1,00 PM to 4,00 PM, transportation options include membership in the SamTrans bus system and a Caltrain station. The administrative headquarters of both agencies are located at 1250 San Carlos Avenue, however, voters rejected a parcel tax which placed 100% of the financial burden on property owners and the S. C. O. O. T program was dismantled on June 17,2005. City Hall was once located at 666 Elm Street, the address number was later changed to 600 Elm Street due to pressure from residents. San Carlos was also home of the Circle Star Theater where performers such as Richard Marx. It was torn down and replaced by office buildings, San Carlos also once boasted the 2,500 student San Carlos High School which was closed in 1982 due to declining enrollment. Today, students travel to Belmonts Carlmont High School or Redwood Citys Sequoia High School to receive their secondary education. Every May, the hosts the Hometown Days carnival in Burton Park. In October, the Chamber of Commerce hosts the San Carlos Art & Wine Faire, October 2015 marked the 25th year it has been held. Thursday evenings during the summer Laurel street is home to a farmers market known as Hot Harvest Nights. However, most people call it Farmers Market, prior to the Spanish arrival in 1769, the land of San Carlos was occupied by a group of Native Americans who called themselves the Lamchins. While they considered themselves to have a separate identity from other local tribes, the Lamchins referred to the area of their primary residence—probably on the north bank of Pulgas creek—as Cachanihtac, which included their word for vermin. When the Spanish arrived, they translated this as the fleas, or las Pulgas, giving many places, the Native American life was one of traditional hunting and gathering. There was plentiful game and fowl available, and fish could be caught in the San Francisco Bay, there were also grasses, plants and oak trees, and archaeological finds of mortars and pestles indicate that these source were processed for food
San Carlos, California
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Downtown San Carlos
San Carlos, California
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Bodies of water
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San Francisco Art Institute
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San Francisco Art Institute is a private, non-profit college of contemporary art with the main campus in the Russian Hill district of San Francisco, California. Its graduate center is in the Dogpatch neighborhood, approximately 400 undergraduates and 200 graduate students are enrolled. Founded in 1871, SFAI is one of the oldest art schools in the United States, avery, Edward Bosque, Thomas Hill, and S. W. By 1874 the SFAA had 700 regular members and 100 life members, and had raised sufficient funds and the momentum to launch an art school. During Williams tenure, the CSD developed a reputation and amassed a significant collection of early California. Named the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art, it became San Franciscos first fine art and cultural center, through this new affiliation, students of the University of California, Berkeley were able to enroll in classes at the CSD. In 1906 the devastating fire following the San Francisco earthquake destroyed the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art building, at the time, the replacement value of the building and its contents was estimated at $2,573,000. However, the amount of numerous insurance policies yielded less than $100,000 for rebuilding. Nevertheless, within a year, the SFAA built a new but comparatively modest campus in the same location, in addition, the school was renamed the California School of Fine Arts to better reflect its mission to promote, develop and preserve regional art and culture. In 1926 the school moved to 800 Chestnut Street, which remains the main campus as of 2015. In 1930 Mexican muralist Diego Rivera was hired to paint The Making of a Fresco Showing the Building of a City, which is located in the student-directed art gallery. S. After World War II ended the school became a nucleus for Abstract Expressionism, with faculty including Clyfford Still, Ad Reinhardt, Mark Rothko, David Park, Elmer Bischoff, and Clay Spohn. Although painting and sculpture remained the dominant mediums for many years, in 1946 Ansel Adams and Minor White established the first fine-art photography department, with Imogen Cunningham, Edward Weston, and Dorothea Lange among its instructors. In 1947 distinguished filmmaker Sydney Peterson began the first film courses at CSFA, the roundtable aimed to expose “hidden assumptions” and to frame new questions about art. By the early 1950s San Franciscos North Beach had become the West Coast center of the Beat Movement, and music, poetry, collage artist Jess Collins renounced a career as a plutonium developer and enrolled at SFAI as a painting student. In 1953 he and his partner, poet Robert Duncan, along with painter Harry Jacobus, started the King Ubu Gallery, an important alternative space for art, poetry, a distinctly Californian modern art soon emerged that fused abstraction, figuration, narrative, and jazz. Students at the school, including David Simpson, William T, renamed San Francisco Art Institute in 1961, SFAI rejected the distinction between fine and applied arts. Alumni Ruth-Marion Baruch and Pirkle Jones documented the early days of the Black Panther Party in northern California
San Francisco Art Institute
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San Francisco Art Institute
San Francisco Art Institute
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The roof terrace of the San Francisco Art Institute offers a scenic view over the city.
4.
Columbia University
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Columbia University is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It was established in 1754 as Kings College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain, after the American Revolutionary War, Kings College briefly became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities and was the first school in the United States to grant the M. D. degree. The university also has global research outposts in Amman, Beijing, Istanbul, Paris, Mumbai, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago, Asunción, Columbia administers annually the Pulitzer Prize. Additionally,100 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Columbia as students, researchers, faculty, Columbia is second only to Harvard University in the number of Nobel Prize-winning affiliates, with over 100 recipients of the award as of 2016. In 1746 an act was passed by the assembly of New York to raise funds for the foundation of a new college. Classes were initially held in July 1754 and were presided over by the colleges first president, Dr. Johnson was the only instructor of the colleges first class, which consisted of a mere eight students. Instruction was held in a new schoolhouse adjoining Trinity Church, located on what is now lower Broadway in Manhattan, in 1763, Dr. Johnson was succeeded in the presidency by Myles Cooper, a graduate of The Queens College, Oxford, and an ardent Tory. In the charged political climate of the American Revolution, his opponent in discussions at the college was an undergraduate of the class of 1777. The suspension continued through the occupation of New York City by British troops until their departure in 1783. The colleges library was looted and its sole building requisitioned for use as a hospital first by American. Loyalists were forced to abandon their Kings College in New York, the Loyalists, led by Bishop Charles Inglis fled to Windsor, Nova Scotia, where they founded Kings Collegiate School. After the Revolution, the college turned to the State of New York in order to restore its vitality, the Legislature agreed to assist the college, and on May 1,1784, it passed an Act for granting certain privileges to the College heretofore called Kings College. The Regents finally became aware of the colleges defective constitution in February 1787 and appointed a revision committee, in April of that same year, a new charter was adopted for the college, still in use today, granting power to a private board of 24 Trustees. On May 21,1787, William Samuel Johnson, the son of Dr. Samuel Johnson, was unanimously elected President of Columbia College, prior to serving at the university, Johnson had participated in the First Continental Congress and been chosen as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention. The colleges enrollment, structure, and academics stagnated for the majority of the 19th century, with many of the college presidents doing little to change the way that the college functioned. In 1857, the college moved from the Kings College campus at Park Place to a primarily Gothic Revival campus on 49th Street and Madison Avenue, during the last half of the 19th century, under the leadership of President F. A. P. Barnard, the institution assumed the shape of a modern university
Columbia University
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The Library at Columbia University, ca. 1900
Columbia University
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Columbia University
Columbia University
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Low Memorial Library
Columbia University
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Alma Mater
5.
The Hurt Locker
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The Hurt Locker is a 2009 American war thriller film about an Iraq War Explosive Ordnance Disposal team who are being targeted by insurgents with booby traps, remote control detonations and ambushes. Directed by Kathryn Bigelow, it stars Jeremy Renner, Anthony Mackie, Brian Geraghty, Christian Camargo, Ralph Fiennes, David Morse, the film shows soldiers varying psychological reactions to the stress of combat, which though intolerable to some, is addictive to others. The story unfolds after a staff sergeant is killed by an insurgent trap and his comrades suspect that their new team leader is being driven to take terrifying risks. Writer Mark Boal drew on his experience during embedded access to provide a background for the production. The Hurt Locker received widespread acclaim and won six Academy Awards. Bigelow won the award for Best Director, as of 2017 and his team includes Sergeant J. T. Sanborn and Specialist Owen Eldridge. His maverick disposal methods and attitude lead to Sanborn and Eldridge considering him reckless, meanwhile, James is often approached by an Iraqi youth named Beckham attempting to sell DVDs. James challenges him to a game of soccer and takes a liking to him, when they are assigned to destroy some explosives, James returns to the detonation site to pick up his gloves. Sanborn openly contemplates killing him by accidentally triggering the explosion, making Eldridge somewhat uncomfortable, returning to Camp Victory in their Humvee, the team encounters five armed men in traditional Arab garb and casual attire standing near a Ford Excursion, which has a flat tire. James team has an encounter with their leader, who then reveals they are private military contractors. They have captured two prisoners featured on the most-wanted Iraqi playing cards, the entire group suddenly comes under fire, and when the prisoners attempt to escape in the confusion, the leader of the mercenaries remembers the bounty for them is dead or alive and shoots them. Enemy snipers kill three of the mercenaries, including their leader, Sanborn and James borrow a Barrett.50 cal to dispatch three attackers, while Eldridge kills a fourth. During a raid on a warehouse, James discovers the body of a young boy, during evacuation, Lieutenant Colonel John Cambridge, the camps psychiatrist and a friend of Eldridges, is killed in an explosion, Eldridge blames himself for his death. Later, James breaks into the house of an Iraqi professor, seeking revenge for Beckham, called to a petrol tanker detonation, James decides on his own to hunt for the insurgents responsible, guessing they are still nearby. Sanborn protests, but when James heads out, he and Eldridge reluctantly follow, after they split up, insurgents capture Eldridge. James and Sanborn rescue him, but accidentally shoot him in the leg, the following morning, James is approached by Beckham, who he believed was dead, and walks by without saying a word. Before being airlifted for surgery elsewhere, Eldridge angrily blames James for his injury, James and Sanborns unit is called to another mission in their last two days of their rotation. An innocent Iraqi civilian man has had a bomb vest strapped to his chest, James tries to cut off the locks to remove the vest, but there are too many of them
The Hurt Locker
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Theatrical release poster
The Hurt Locker
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Jeremy Renner
The Hurt Locker
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Anthony Mackie
The Hurt Locker
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Brian Geraghty
6.
Zero Dark Thirty
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Zero Dark Thirty is a 2012 American political action-thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by Mark Boal. This search eventually leads to the discovery of his compound in Pakistan and it was produced by Boal, Bigelow, and Megan Ellison, and was independently financed by Ellisons Annapurna Pictures. The film premiered in Los Angeles on December 19,2012 and had its release on January 11,2013. Zero Dark Thirty received widespread acclaim and appeared on 95 critics top ten lists of 2012. The film also earned Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, acting CIA director Michael Morell stated, The film creates the strong impression that the enhanced interrogation techniques. Were the key to finding bin Laden, other critics described it as an anti-torture exposure of interrogation practices. Republican Congressman Peter T. King charged that the filmmakers were given access to classified materials. Unbeknownst to Panetta, screenwriter Mark Boal was among the 1,300 present during the ceremony, in 2003, Maya, a young U. S. She is reassigned to the U. S. embassy in Pakistan to work with a fellow officer, Dan subjects the detainee to approved torture interrogation techniques, i. e. stress positions, hooding, subjection to deafening noise, sleep deprivation, waterboarding, and humiliation. Other detainees corroborate this, with some claiming Abu Ahmed delivers messages between bin Laden and a man known as Abu Faraj al-Libbi, in 2005, Abu Faraj is apprehended by the CIA and local police in Pakistan. Maya is allowed to him, but he continues to deny knowing a courier with such a name. Maya interprets this as an attempt by Faraj to conceal the importance of Abu Ahmed, Maya spends the next five years sifting through masses of data and information, using a variety of technology, hunches, and sharing insights. She concentrates on finding Abu Ahmed, theorizing that he is the best way to find bin Laden, in 2008, she is caught up in the Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing. Dan, departing on reassignment, warns Maya about a change in politics. Mayas fellow officer and friend Jessica is killed in the 2009 Camp Chapman attack and that same day, a grieving Maya receives an interrogation video of a Jordanian detainee, who claims the man previously identified from a photograph as Abu Ahmed is a man he personally buried in 2001. Several CIA officers – Mayas seniors – conclude the target who could be Abu Ahmed is long dead, and that they have searched a false trail for nine years. Sometime later, a fellow analyst researching Moroccan intelligence archives comes to Maya and suggests that Abu Ahmed is Ibrahim Sayeed, realizing her lead may still be alive, Maya contacts Dan, now a senior officer at the CIA headquarters. Dan uses CIA funds to purchase a Lamborghini for a Kuwaiti prince in exchange for the number of Sayeeds mother
Zero Dark Thirty
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Theatrical release poster
7.
Near Dark
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Near Dark is a 1987 American western horror film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by her and Eric Red. The story follows a man in a small midwestern town who becomes involved with a family of nomadic American vampires. Starring then little-known actors Adrian Pasdar and Jenny Wright, the film was part of a revival of serious vampire movies in the late 1980s, despite the films poor performance at the box office upon release, critic reviews were very positive. Over the years, the film has garnered a cult following, one night, Caleb Colton, a young man in a small town, meets an attractive young drifter named Mae. Just before sunrise, she bites him on the neck and runs off, the rising sun causes Calebs flesh to smoke and burn. Mae arrives with a group of roaming vampires in an RV, the most psychotic of all the vampires, Severen, wants to kill Caleb, but Mae reveals that she has already turned him. Their charismatic leader Jesse Hooker reluctantly agrees to allow Caleb to remain with them for a week to see if he can learn to hunt, Caleb is unwilling to kill to feed, which alienates him from the others. To protect him, Mae kills for him and then has him drink from her wrist, Jesses group enters a bar and kills or injures the occupants. They set the bar on fire and flee the scene, after Caleb endangers himself to help them escape their motel room during a daylight police raid, Jesse and the others are temporarily mollified. Meanwhile, Calebs father searches for Jesses group, a child vampire in the group, Homer meets Calebs sister Sarah and wants to turn her into his companion, but Caleb objects. While the group argues, Calebs father arrives and holds them at gunpoint, Jesse taunts him into shooting, but regurgitates the bullet before wrestling the gun away. In the confusion, Sarah opens a door, letting in the sunlight, burning, Caleb escapes with his family. Caleb suggests they try giving him a transfusion to attempt to cure him. The transfusion successfully reverses Calebs transformation and that night, the vampires search for Caleb and Sarah. Mae distracts Caleb by trying to persuade him to return to her while the others kidnap his sister, Caleb discovers the kidnapping and his tires slashed, but gives chase on horseback. When the horse shies and throws him, he is confronted by Severen, Caleb commandeers a tractor-trailer and runs Severen over. The injured vampire suddenly appears on the hood of the truck, Caleb jackknifes the vehicle and jumps out as the truck explodes, killing Severen. Seeking revenge, Jesse and his girlfriend Diamondback pursue him, but are forced to flee in their car as dawn breaks, not wanting Sarah to become another childlike monster, Mae breaks out of the back of the car with Sarah
Near Dark
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Theatrical release poster
8.
Strange Days (film)
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Strange Days is a 1995 American science fiction thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow, written by James Cameron and Jay Cocks, and produced by Cameron and Steven-Charles Jaffe. It stars Ralph Fiennes, Angela Bassett, Juliette Lewis, blending science fiction with film noir conventions, Strange Days explores themes such as racism, abuse of power, rape, and voyeurism. The film was shot in the Greater Los Angeles Area over a period of 77 nights. The films SQUID scenes, which offer a shot, required multi-faceted cameras. Strange Days was a failure and almost derailed Bigelows career. Nevertheless, the films standing has improved over the years, with many fans feeling that the film has been overlooked by a casual mass audience. At the 22nd Saturn Awards, Bassett won Best Actress and Bigelow became the first woman to win the Best Director award, in the last two days of 1999, Los Angeles has become a dangerous war zone. Lenny Nero, a former LAPD officer turned black marketeer of SQUID recordings, agrees to buy the robbery clip from his main supplier, Tick. Elsewhere, a prostitute named Iris, who is a friend of Lennys ex-girlfriend Faith Justin, is being chased by LAPD officers Burton Steckler, Iris manages to escape on a rapid transit after her wig is pulled off by Engleman, revealing a SQUID recorder headset. Lenny pines for Faith and relies on his two best friends, bodyguard and limousine driver Lornette Mace Mason and private investigator Max Peltier, for emotional support. While Lenny and Max are drinking together at a bar, Iris drops a SQUID disc through the sunroof of Lennys car and he is then picked up by Mace, who eventually agrees to take him to a nightclub where Faith is going to sing. In the club, Lenny receives a SQUID disc from a contact and then tries to get Faith away from her new boyfriend, music industry mogul Philo Gant, but to no avail. While in the car with Mace, Lenny plays the disc the contact gave him, as they approach the hotel, Iris is taken out on a stretcher. The next day, Lenny and Mace take the disc to Tick, who identify the source of the recording. Mace deduces that Iris may have something in Lennys car. Steckler and Engleman appear and demand the disc at gunpoint, but Lenny, Steckler pours gasoline on the car and sets it on fire, but Mace drives it into the harbor, extinguishing the flames. When they reach the surface, the cops have left, Mace takes Lenny to her brothers house and watches Iris disc. They discover that her death is tied to a cover-up of the murder of rapper Jeriko One by Steckler and Engleman, Lenny, Mace, and Max also learn that Tick has been rendered brain-dead from forcefully being exposed to highly amplified SQUID signals
Strange Days (film)
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Theatrical release poster
9.
Point Break
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Point Break is a 1991 American action crime thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow, starring Patrick Swayze, Keanu Reeves, Lori Petty and Gary Busey. The title refers to the term point break, where a wave breaks as it hits a point of land jutting out from the coastline. Reeves stars as rookie FBI agent Johnny Utah, who is investigating a string of bank robberies possibly being committed by surfers, Johnny goes undercover to infiltrate the surfing community and develops a complex friendship with Bodhi, the charismatic leader of a gang of surfers. The film was a box office success upon its release, with an $83.5 million gross and a budget of $24 million, johnson, and Jimmy Carter to disguise their true identities. They raid only the cash drawers in the banks that they rob—never going for the vault—and are out within 90 seconds, pursuing Pappass theory that the criminals are surfers, Utah goes undercover to infiltrate the surfing community. He persuades orphaned surfer Tyler Endicott to teach him to surf after she saved him from drowning during his first attempt at surfing, through her, he meets Bodhi, the charismatic leader of a gang of surfers consisting of Roach, Grommet, and Nathaniel. The group are initially wary of Utah, but accept him when Bodhi recognizes him as the college football star. As he masters the art of surfing, Utah finds himself drawn to the surfers adrenaline-charged lifestyle, Bodhis philosophies. Following a clue retrieved by analyzing toxins found in the hair of one of the robbers, Utah. Despite their criminal records, these turn out to not be the Ex-Presidents. Utah and Pappas stake out a bank and the Ex-Presidents appear, while wearing a Reagan mask, Bodhi leads Utah on a foot chase through the neighborhood, which ends when Utah causes an old knee injury to flare up again after jumping into an aqueduct. Despite having a shot at Bodhi, Utah does not shoot. At a campfire that night, it is confirmed that Bodhi, shortly afterwards, Bodhi aggressively recruits Utah into going skydiving with the group and he accepts. After the jump, Bodhi reveals that he knows Utah is an FBI agent and has arranged for his friend Rosie, Utah is thus blackmailed into participating in the Ex-Presidents last bank robbery of the summer. As a result, Grommet, along with an off-duty police officer, angered by Grommets death, Bodhi knocks Utah out and leaves him at the scene. Defying their senior officer who arrests Utah for armed robbery, Pappas and Utah head to the airport where Bodhi, Roach, during a shootout, Pappas and Nathaniel are killed, whereas Roach is seriously wounded. With Roach aboard, Bodhi forces Utah onto the plane at gunpoint, once airborne and over their intended drop zone, Bodhi and Roach put on their parachutes and jump from the plane, leaving Utah to take the blame again. With no other parachutes available, Utah jumps from the plane with Bodhis gun, after landing safely, Utahs knee gives out again, allowing Bodhi to escape Utahs grasp
Point Break
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Theatrical release poster
10.
James Cameron
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James Francis Jim Cameron is a Canadian filmmaker, director, producer, screenwriter, inventor, engineer, philanthropist, and deep-sea explorer. He first found success with the science fiction action film The Terminator. He then became a popular Hollywood director and was hired to write and direct Aliens and he found further critical acclaim for his use of special effects in Terminator 2, Judgment Day. After his film True Lies Cameron took on his biggest film at the time, Titanic, despite Avatar being his only movie made to date in 3D, Cameron is the most successful 3D film-maker in terms of box-office revenue. In the time between making Titanic and Avatar, Cameron spent several years creating many documentary films and co-developed the digital 3D Fusion Camera System, described by a biographer as part scientist and part artist, Cameron has also contributed to underwater filming and remote vehicle technologies. On March 26,2012, Cameron reached the bottom of the Mariana Trench and he is the first person to do this in a solo descent, and is only the third person to do so ever. In total, Camerons directorial efforts have grossed approximately US$2 billion in North America, not adjusted for inflation, Camerons Titanic and Avatar are the two highest-grossing films of all time at $2.19 billion and $2.78 billion respectively. Cameron also holds the achievement of having directed two of the three films in history to gross over $2 billion worldwide, in March 2011, he was named Hollywoods top earner by Vanity Fair, with estimated 2010 earnings of $257 million. Cameron was born in 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada, the son of Shirley, an artist and nurse, and Phillip Cameron and his paternal great-great-great-grandfather emigrated from Balquhidder, Scotland, in 1825. Cameron grew up in Chippawa, Ontario, and attended Stamford Collegiate School in Niagara Falls and his family moved to Brea, California in 1971, when Cameron was 17 years old. He dropped out of Sonora High School, then attended Brea Olinda High School to further his secondary education, Cameron enrolled at Fullerton College, a two-year community college, in 1973 to study physics. He switched to English, then dropped out before the start of the fall 1974 semester, next, he worked several jobs, including as a truck driver, writing when he had time. That way I could sit down and read it, and if theyd let me photocopy it, Cameron quit his job as a truck driver to enter the film industry after seeing Star Wars in 1977. When Cameron read Syd Fields book Screenplay, it occurred to him that science and art was possible. They raised money, rented camera, lenses, film stock and they dismantled the camera to understand how to operate it and spent the first half-day of the shoot trying to figure out how to get it running. He was the director, writer, producer, and production designer for Xenogenesis and he then became a production assistant on a film called Rock and Roll High School, though uncredited, in 1979. While continuing to educate himself in film-making techniques, Cameron started working as a miniature-model maker at Roger Corman Studios, making rapidly produced, low-budget productions taught Cameron to work efficiently and effectively. He soon found employment as an art director in the sci-fi movie Battle Beyond the Stars and he did special effects work design and direction on John Carpenters Escape from New York, acted as production designer on Galaxy of Terror, and consulted on the design of Android
James Cameron
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Cameron in June 2012
James Cameron
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Cameron in September 1986
James Cameron
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The producing team behind Aliens, James Cameron and Gale Ann Hurd
James Cameron
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Cameron promoting Avatar during the 2009
San Diego Comic-Con
11.
The Weight of Water (film)
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The Weight of Water is a 2000 French-American mystery thriller film based on Anita Shreves 1997 novel of the same name. Directed by Kathryn Bigelow, the film stars Elizabeth Hurley, Catherine McCormack, Sean Penn, the film was shot in Nova Scotia. Although it premiered at the 2000 Toronto International Film Festival, it was not released in the United States until November 1,2002. Newspaper photographer Jean Janes travels to the Isles of Shoals off the New Hampshire coast with her husband Thomas, a poet, his brother Rich. She is researching the murders of two immigrant women in the area in 1873, Karen Christensen and Anethe Christensen. In a twist of fate, Jean discovers archived papers that appear to give an account of the murders. According to the papers, a woman, a Norwegian immigrant named Maren Hontvedt, survived the attack, which was allegedly done by Louis Wagner. The plot unfolds the narrative of the papers and Hontvedts testimony against Wagner that gets him hanged, even though she was the murderer, Jean privately struggles with jealousy as Adaline openly flirts with Thomas, who openly appreciates Adalines topless beauty, along with her interest in his work. The movie ends with Hontvedt trying to confess before he is hanged, in vain, as the characters get caught in a severe storm. The film received mixed reviews, with feeling that Bigelow had not achieved as much weight with the fictional story of the present against her portrayal of the events of the past. Holden felt the two stories never mesh
The Weight of Water (film)
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Theatrical release poster
12.
K-19: The Widowmaker
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K-19, The Widowmaker is a 2002 submarine thriller film about the first of many disasters that befell the Soviet submarine K-19. K-19, The Widowmaker was directed by Kathryn Bigelow, and stars Harrison Ford, the screenplay was adapted by Christopher Kyle, with the story written by Louis Nowra, based on real life events depicted in a book by Peter Huchthausen. The film is an international co-production between the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Canada, in 1961, the Soviet Union launches its first ballistic missile nuclear submarine, the K-19, commanded by Captain Alexei Vostrikov, aided by executive officer Mikhail Polenin. During his first inspection, Vostrikov discovers the reactor officer to be drunk and asleep on duty and sacks him, the new reactor officer, Vadim Radtchenko, arrives direct from nuclear school, fresh from the naval academy. During the official launch of the K-19, the bottle of champagne fails to break when it strikes the bow, the crews performance improves and their first mission starts. The K-19 is to surface in the Arctic to fire an unarmed ballistic missile as a test, then to patrol a zone in the Atlantic within range of New York City, Polenin regards this maneuver as dangerous and storms off the bridge. Scraping along the underside of the ice, the K-19 breaks through with no apparent damage, the test missile is launched successfully. On the second part of its mission, a pipe carrying coolant to the cooling system springs a leak. Polenin and Vostrikov are informed that once the reactor reaches 1000 °C. Control rods are inserted to stop the reactor, but without coolant the reactor temperature continues to rise rapidly, Polenin and Radtchenko learn back-up coolant systems are not installed. The K-19 surfaces to contact fleet command about the accident and await orders, the cable for the long-range transmitter antenna on the conning tower, however, is damaged. Vostrikov assumes his surfacing maneuver in the Arctic caused the damage, an engineering team conceives a plan to rig a makeshift coolant system, but Polenin discovers the submarine has been provided with chemical suits rather than radiation suits. The first group emerges vomiting and heavily blistered, the second and third teams succeed in cooling the reactor, as radiation levels slowly rise inside the ship, the submarine surfaces and most of the crewmen are ordered topside. Vostrikov is informed that a helicopter is approaching, but it is a United States Navy helicopter from a nearby destroyer, asking if the K-19 requires assistance, Vostrikov tells the destroyer no and refuses to allow the Americans anywhere near K-19. Back in the Soviet Union, the government worries about the condition of the K-19, making its way toward a group of Diesel submarines in the south, its pipework ruptures and the temperature begins to rise once again, forcing Vostrikov to dive and quell a mutiny. Radtchenko, who panicked and backed out from joining the repair crews, bravely enters the reactor area. He is successful, but ultimately doomed to die from radiation poisoning, Captain Vostrikov drags him from the reactor. The K-19 finally reaches to the Diesel submarines, however, the Soviet leadership orders him to confine the crew on the submarine until a freighter can pick them up
K-19: The Widowmaker
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Theatrical release poster
13.
Last Days (2014 film)
–
Last Days is a short film directed by Kathryn Bigelow, highlighting the danger of extinction faced by African elephants from the illegal ivory trade. The film also alleges that the poaching of elephants in Africa contributes significantly to the funding of terrorism networks. The films claims are based on a 2013 report by the Elephant Action League that the militant organization Al-Shabaab receives as much as 40% of its funding from the sale of elephant ivory. Footage of the 2013 Westgate shopping mall attack in Nairobi, Kenya, the films claims of a poaching-terrorism link have been challenged in the media. The same report indicates that trade in charcoal, a major cause of deforestation, is the principal source of funding for the terror group through taxes imposed on traders. Nir Kalron, the author of the investigation for the EAL, defended his organizations findings, saying we stand 200% behind our sources and our work. However, TRAFFIC, which monitors the illegal trade, has also not found any evidence that Al-Shabaab profits from the trade in ivory. Matthew Bryden, former director of the U. N, because these investigations have called the films premise into question, the human-rights group Survival International has urged that the film be withdrawn. Illegal Trade in Wildlife and Timber Products Finances Criminal and Militia Groups, Threatening Security, official website An Illusion of Complicity, Terrorism and the Illegal Ivory Trade in East Africa, Royal United Services Institute
Last Days (2014 film)
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Theatrical release poster
14.
Film producer
–
Film producers fill a variety of roles depending upon the type of producer. During the discovery stage, the producer has to find and acknowledge promising material, then, unless the film is supposed to be based on an original script, the producer has to find an appropriate screenwriter. For various reasons, producers cannot always supervise all of the production, in this case, the main producer may appoint executive producers, line producers, or unit production managers who represent the main producers interests. The producer has the last word on whether sounds or music have to be changed and they are in charge of selling the film or arranging distribution rights as well. The producers role can vary significantly from project to project, based on the circumstances and they generally are in charge of things like hiring staff, creating filming schedules, checking and approving locations, and much more. Producers are present in every genre of television and film. Although each genre might be different from each other, a producers role and job is the same throughout each. A producer from a program can be compared to a producer of a filmmaker despite how different each genre can be. Although the primary role of the producer can be compared to that of a filmmaker, the roles are very wide ranging, due to the fact that this occupation has gone through an enormous amount of stages and phases as time went on. Today, in most cases the roles range from supervising the editing process to hiring the main staff. The producer has an amount of power in every single aspect of the production process. They are never left out and are involved in every single stage of the production. There are times when a producer can try and find promising material to either a feature film or a television program. If a producer decides to do this, it is usually done in the discovery stage, the discovery stage is when a producer is actively looking for a variety of ideas, concepts, and/or promising scripts that he/she could make into a show and/or film. In this stage, a power may even stretch to gathering workers for the selected project. Even though a producer today can have a range of roles within the field. Within the industry, there are different types of producers who are only designated to specific roles such as controlling the staff. For example, to oversee and manage all aspects of production the role may be filled by the line producer
Film producer
–
George Lucas is known for producing the
Star Wars and
Indiana Jones movies.
15.
Screenwriter
–
One famous screenwriter is Jack Rosenthal, who has written for various TV shows over the years, including Londons Burning and Coronation Street. No education is required to become a screenwriter, just good storytelling abilities. Screenwriters are not hired employees, they are contracted freelancers, most, if not all, screenwriters start their careers writing on speculation, meaning they write without being hired or paid for it. If such a script is sold, it is called a spec script, what separates a professional screenwriter from an amateur screenwriter is that professional screenwriters are usually represented by a talent agency. Also, professional screenwriters do not often work for free, whereas amateur screenwriters will often work for free and are considered writers in training, spec scripts are usually penned by unknown professional screenwriters and amateur screenwriters. There are a legion of would-be screenwriters who attempt to enter the industry but it often takes years of trial-and-error, failure. In Writing Screenplays that Sell, Michael Hague writes Screenplays have become, for the last half of century, closet writers who used to dream of the glory of getting into print now dream of seeing their story on the big or small screen. Every screenplay and teleplay begins with a thought or idea, and screenwriters use those ideas to write scripts, with the intention of selling them and having them produced. In some cases, the script is based on a property, such as a book or persons life story. The majority of the time, a film project gets initiated by a screenwriter and because they initiated the project and these are referred to as exclusive assignments or pitched assignments. Screenwriters who often pitch new projects, whether original or an adaptation, when word is put out about a project a film studio, production company, or producer wants done, these are referred to as open assignments. In situations where screenwriters are competing for an assignment, more established writers will usually win these assignments. A screenwriter can also be approached and personally offered a writing assignment, many screenwriters also work as full or part-time script doctors, attempting to better a script to suit the desires of a director or studio. For instance, studio management may have a complaint that the motivations of the characters are unclear or that the dialogue is weak, script-doctoring can be quite lucrative, especially for the better known writers. David Mamet and John Sayles, for instance, fund the movies they direct themselves, usually from their own screenplays, by writing and doctoring scripts for others. In fact, some writers make very profitable careers out of being the ninth or tenth writer to work on a piece, in many cases, working on projects that never see exposure to an audience of any size. Many up and coming screenwriters also ghost write projects and allow more established screenwriters to take credit for the project to increase the chances of it getting picked up. After a screenwriter finishes a project, he or she pairs with a representative, such as a producer, director, literary agent, entertainment lawyer
Screenwriter
–
A page of a screenplay
16.
Academy Award for Best Director
–
The Academy Award for Best Director is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of a director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry. However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year, the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 89 films that have been awarded Best Picture,63 have also been awarded Best Director, since its inception, the award has been given to 69 directors or directing teams. John Ford has received the most awards in this category with four, william Wyler was nominated on twelve occasions, more than any other individual. As of the 2017 ceremony, Damien Chazelle is the most recent winner in category for his work on La La Land. Chazelle also became the youngest director in history to receive this award, two directing teams have shared the award, Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story in 1961 and Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men in 2007. The Coen brothers are the siblings to have won the award. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933. Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full calendar year from January 1 to December 31. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com
Academy Award for Best Director
–
Frank Borzage, co-winner of the first award.
Academy Award for Best Director
–
Lewis Milestone, co-winner of the first award.
Academy Award for Best Director
–
John Ford has the most awards with four.
Academy Award for Best Director
–
Clint Eastwood is the oldest winner for directing
Million Dollar Baby.
17.
Time 100
–
Time 100 is an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world assembled by the American news magazine Time. First published in 1999 as the result of a debate among American academics, politicians, and journalists, although appearing on the list is often seen as an honor, Time makes it clear that entrants are recognized for changing the world, regardless of the consequences of their actions. The final list of individuals is exclusively chosen by Time editors with nominations coming from the TIME100 alumni. Only the winner of the Readers Poll, conducted days before the official list is revealed, is chosen by the general public, included in the list eleven times, Barack Obama is the person who has been listed most often. The list was started with a debate at a symposium in Washington, the list was first published in 1999, when Time magazine named the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Based on the popularity of the installment, in 2004, Time magazine decided to make it an annual issue and those recognized fall in one of five categories, Leaders & Revolutionaries, Builders & Titans, Artists & Entertainers, Scientists & Thinkers, Heroes & Icons. A record of 41 women are included in the edition, the highest number of personalities in the lists history. The annual gala was held on April 29,2014 in New York City and they are artists and activists, reformers and researchers, heads of state and captains of industry. Their ideas spark dialogue and dissent and sometimes even revolution, welcome to this years TIME100. The announcement was celebrated with an event in New York City on April 26,2011. The honorees were joined by A-list celebrities at Frederick P. Rose Hall, Time readers contributed to the selection by an online vote of over 200 finalists. The list included familiar global newsmakers such as U. S. President Barack Obama, the list included numerous figures representing the year of upheaval in the Middle East ranging from rebels, to political leaders to news correspondents. Although the events of what has been dubbed the Arab Spring were prominent, additionally, Prince William of Wales and Kate Middleton were part of the list during the week before their wedding. The list also included Katsunobu Sakurai, mayor of Minamisōma, Fukushima, list of individuals included in the TIME100 in 2010 In its online presentation, Time introduced the list as follows, In our annual TIME100 issue, we name the people who most affect our world. Oprah Winfrey continued her streak of having been included on every Time 100 list and was one of women on the list. The list included many expected names and some such as Scott Brown. Others who were considered surprise selections included Elton John, Ashton Kutcher, the announcement of the list was celebrated by a black tie gala at the Time Warner Center in New York City on May 4,2010. The list was published the following day, Time readers contributed to the selection by an online vote of over 200 finalists
Time 100
–
Barack Obama
Time 100
–
Hillary Rodham Clinton 2014, 2012, 2011, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006 & 2004 (Finalist in 2005)
Time 100
–
Angela Merkel 2014, 2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 & 2006 (Finalist in 2010, 2008)
Time 100
–
Steve Jobs 2010, 2008, 2007, 2005 & 2004 (Finalist in 2009)
18.
SFAI
–
San Francisco Art Institute is a private, non-profit college of contemporary art with the main campus in the Russian Hill district of San Francisco, California. Its graduate center is in the Dogpatch neighborhood, approximately 400 undergraduates and 200 graduate students are enrolled. Founded in 1871, SFAI is one of the oldest art schools in the United States, avery, Edward Bosque, Thomas Hill, and S. W. By 1874 the SFAA had 700 regular members and 100 life members, and had raised sufficient funds and the momentum to launch an art school. During Williams tenure, the CSD developed a reputation and amassed a significant collection of early California. Named the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art, it became San Franciscos first fine art and cultural center, through this new affiliation, students of the University of California, Berkeley were able to enroll in classes at the CSD. In 1906 the devastating fire following the San Francisco earthquake destroyed the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art building, at the time, the replacement value of the building and its contents was estimated at $2,573,000. However, the amount of numerous insurance policies yielded less than $100,000 for rebuilding. Nevertheless, within a year, the SFAA built a new but comparatively modest campus in the same location, in addition, the school was renamed the California School of Fine Arts to better reflect its mission to promote, develop and preserve regional art and culture. In 1926 the school moved to 800 Chestnut Street, which remains the main campus as of 2015. In 1930 Mexican muralist Diego Rivera was hired to paint The Making of a Fresco Showing the Building of a City, which is located in the student-directed art gallery. S. After World War II ended the school became a nucleus for Abstract Expressionism, with faculty including Clyfford Still, Ad Reinhardt, Mark Rothko, David Park, Elmer Bischoff, and Clay Spohn. Although painting and sculpture remained the dominant mediums for many years, in 1946 Ansel Adams and Minor White established the first fine-art photography department, with Imogen Cunningham, Edward Weston, and Dorothea Lange among its instructors. In 1947 distinguished filmmaker Sydney Peterson began the first film courses at CSFA, the roundtable aimed to expose “hidden assumptions” and to frame new questions about art. By the early 1950s San Franciscos North Beach had become the West Coast center of the Beat Movement, and music, poetry, collage artist Jess Collins renounced a career as a plutonium developer and enrolled at SFAI as a painting student. In 1953 he and his partner, poet Robert Duncan, along with painter Harry Jacobus, started the King Ubu Gallery, an important alternative space for art, poetry, a distinctly Californian modern art soon emerged that fused abstraction, figuration, narrative, and jazz. Students at the school, including David Simpson, William T, renamed San Francisco Art Institute in 1961, SFAI rejected the distinction between fine and applied arts. Alumni Ruth-Marion Baruch and Pirkle Jones documented the early days of the Black Panther Party in northern California
SFAI
–
San Francisco Art Institute
SFAI
–
The roof terrace of the San Francisco Art Institute offers a scenic view over the city.
19.
Whitney Museum of American Art
–
The Whitney Museum of American Art – known informally as the Whitney – is an art museum located in Manhattan. It was founded in 1931 by Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, a wealthy and prominent American socialite, the Whitney focuses on 20th- and 21st-century American art. Its permanent collection more than 21,000 paintings, sculptures, drawings, prints, photographs, films, videos. The museums Annual and Biennial exhibitions have long been a venue for younger, from 1966 to 2014, the Whitney was located at 945 Madison Avenue at East 75th Street in Manhattans Upper East Side. Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, the namesake and founder, was herself a well-regarded sculptor as well as a serious art collector. With the aid of her assistant, Juliana R. Force, in 1929, she offered to donate over 500 works of art to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, but the museum declined the gift. This, along with the apparent preference for European modernism at the recently opened Museum of Modern Art, led Whitney to start her own museum, exclusively for American art, in 1929. Force became the first director of the museum, and under her guidance, in 1954, the museum left its original location and moved to a small structure on 54th Street connected to and behind the Museum of Modern Art on 53rd Street. On April 15,1958, a fire on the floor of MOMA that killed one person forced the evacuation of paintings. Among the paintings moved in the evacuation was A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte which had been on loan from the Art Institute of Chicago, in 1961, the museum began seeking a site for a larger building. The Whitney settled in 1966 at the southeast corner of Madison Avenue at 75th Street in Manhattans Upper East Side, in 1967, Mauricio Lasansky showed The Nazi Drawings. The exhibition traveled to the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, the institution grappled with space problems for decades. From 1973 to 1983 the Whitney operated its first branch at 55 Water Street, in 1983 Philip Morris installed a Whitney branch in the lobby of its Park Avenue headquarters. In 1981 the museum opened a space in Stamford, Connecticut. Each museum had its own director, and all plans were to be approved by a Whitney committee, but each time the effort was abandoned, either because of the cost or the design or both. In order to secure space for the museums collections, then-director Thomas N. Armstrong III developed plans for a 10-story. The proposed addition, designed by Michael Graves and announced in 1985, Graves had proposed demolishing the flanking brownstones down to the East 74th Street corner for a complementary addition. After the project gradually lost the support of many of the museum’s trustees, between 1995 and 1998, the building underwent a renovation and addition by Richard Gluckman
Whitney Museum of American Art
–
Gansevoort Street location under construction, late 2014
Whitney Museum of American Art
–
The Whitney's original location, at 8–12
West 8th Street, between
Fifth Avenue and
MacDougal Street in
Greenwich Village
Whitney Museum of American Art
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The Whitney Museum of American Art's former (1966-2014) home on Madison Avenue. The
Marcel Breuer -designed building will be leased by the
Metropolitan Museum of Art beginning in 2015.
Whitney Museum of American Art
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Gansevoort Street location under construction, 2014
20.
Vito Acconci
–
Vito Hannibal Acconci is an American designer, landscape architect, performance and installation artist. Acconci was married to the artist Rosemary Mayer, Acconci went to a Roman Catholic elementary school, high school, and college. He attended Regis High School in New York City and he received a BA in literature from the College of the Holy Cross in 1962 and an MFA in literature and poetry from the University of Iowa. He noted, There wasnt a woman in my classroom between kindergarten and graduate school, Acconci began his career as a poet, editing 0 TO9 with Bernadette Mayer in the late 1960s. In the late 1960s, Acconci transformed himself into a performance and video artist using his own body as a subject for photography, film, video, most of his early work incorporated subversive social comment. His performance and video work was marked heavily by confrontation and Situationism, in the mid-1970s, Acconci expanded his métier into the world of audio/visual installations. One installation/performance piece from this period is Seedbed, one motivation behind Seedbed was to involve the public in the works production by creating a situation of reciprocal interchange between artist and viewer. Cindy Nemser was the first art critic to write about Vito Acconci for Arts Magazine in 1971, Nemser also later did an interview with Vito Acconci which became the cover piece for Arts Magazine. In the article Video, the Aesthetics of Narcissism, Rosalind Krauss refers to aspects of Narcissism apparent in the work of Acconci. “A line of sight begin Acconci’s plane of vision ends on the eyes of his projected double”, Krauss uses this description to underline aspects of narcissism in the Vito Acconci work Centers. Krauss also goes on to explain the basis behind the actions of video in comparison to discussions of object art. In the 1980s, Acconci turned to permanent sculptures and installations, during this time he invited viewers to create artwork by activating machinery that erected shelters and signs. Later, in January 1983, Acconci was a visiting artist at Middlebury College, during that time, he completed Way Station I, which was his first permanent installation. The work sparked immense controversy on the campus, and was eventually set on fire. Acconci Studio is located on Jay Street in Brooklyn, the artist has focused on architecture and landscape design that integrates public and private space. One example of this is Walkways Through the Wall, which flow through structural boundaries of the Midwest Airlines Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and provide seating at both ends. The project replaced the existing facade with a series of panels that pivot vertically or horizontally to open the entire length of the gallery directly onto the street. Another example of his work is Dirt Wall at the Arvada Center for the Arts, the wall begins outside the Arvada Center and extends inside, rising from ground level to a height of 24 feet
Vito Acconci
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Vito Acconci in 1973
Vito Acconci
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'Crash', photointaglio,
aquatint, relief and shaped embossing by Acconci, 1985
Vito Acconci
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'City of Words',
lithograph by Acconci, 1999
Vito Acconci
–
"Face of the Earth, #3", sculpture by Acconci, 1988
21.
Richard Serra
–
Richard Serra is an American minimalist sculptor and video artist known for working with large-scale assemblies of sheet metal. Serra was involved in the Process Art Movement and he lives and works in Tribeca, New York, and on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia. Serra was born on November 2,1938, in San Francisco as the second of three sons and his father, Tony, was a Spanish native of Mallorca who worked as candy factory foreman. His mother, Gladys Feinberg, was a Los Angeles-born Russian Jewish immigrant from Odessa. He went on to study English literature at the University of California, Berkeley in 1957 before transferring to the University of California, Santa Barbara, while at Santa Barbara, he studied art with Howard Warshaw and Rico Lebrun. On the West Coast, he helped himself by working in steel mills. Serra discussed his life and influences in an interview in 1993. ”Serra studied painting in the M. F. A. program at the Yale University School of Art. Fellow Yale Art and Architecture alumni of the 1960s include the painters, photographers and he claims to have taken most of his inspiration from the artists who taught there, most notably Philip Guston and the experimental composer Morton Feldman, as well as designer Josef Albers. With Albers, he worked on his book Interaction of Color and he continued his training abroad, spending a year each in Florence and Paris. In 1964, he was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship for Rome, since then, he has lived in New York, where he first used rubber in 1966 and began applying his characteristic work material lead in 1968. In New York, his circle of friends included Carl Andre, Walter De Maria, Eva Hesse, Sol LeWitt, and Robert Smithson. At one point, to fund his art, Serra started a business, Low-Rate Movers, and employed Chuck Close, Philip Glass, Spalding Gray. In 1966, Serra made his first sculptures out of materials such as fiberglass. Serras earliest work was abstract and process-based made from molten lead hurled in large splashes against the wall of a studio or exhibition space. He began in 1969 to be concerned with the cutting, propping or stacking of lead sheets, rough timber, etc. to create structures, some very large. His “Prop” pieces from the late 1960s are arranged so that weight and gravity balance lead rolls, cutting Device, Base Plate Measure consists of an assemblage of heterogeneous materials into which two parallel cuts have been made and the results strewn around in a chance configuration. In Malmo Role, a steel plate, one and a half inches thick. Still, he is known for his minimalist constructions from large rolls
Richard Serra
–
Fulcrum 1987, 55-foot freestanding sculpture of
Cor-ten steel near
Liverpool Street station,
London
Richard Serra
–
Bramme for the Ruhr-District, 1998 at Essen
Richard Serra
–
Sea Level (South-West part),
Zeewolde,
Netherlands
Richard Serra
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Hours of the Day (1990),
Bonnefanten Museum,
Maastricht.
22.
Lawrence Weiner
–
Lawrence Weiner is one of the central figures in the formation of conceptual art in the 1960s. His work often takes the form of typographic texts, Weiner was born in the Bronx, New York, the son of a candy-store owner. After graduating from Stuyvesant High School at 16, he had a variety of jobs—he worked on an oil tanker, on docks, after studying at Hunter College for less than a year, he traveled throughout North America before returning to New York. Weiner is regarded as a figure of Postminimalism’s Conceptual art, which includes artists like Douglas Huebler, Robert Barry, Joseph Kosuth. Weiner began his career as an artist as a young man at the height of Abstract Expressionism. His debut public work/exhibition was at the age of 19, with what he called Cratering Piece, an action piece, the work consisted of explosives set to ignite simultaneously in the four corners of a field in Marin County, California. That work, as Weiner later developed his practice as a painter and his work in the early 1960s included six years of making explosions in the landscape of California to create craters as individual sculptures. Or A36 x 36 removal of lathing or support wall, in 1968, when Sol LeWitt came up with his Paragraphs on Conceptual Art, Weiner formulated his Declaration of Intent,1. The artist may construct the piece, the piece need not be built. Each being equal and consistent with the intent of the artist the decision as to condition rests with the receiver upon the occasion of receivership, Weiner created his first book Statements in 1968, a small 64-page paperback with texts describing projects. Published by The Louis Kellner Foundation and Seth Siegelaub, Statements is considered one of the conceptual artists books of the era. He was a contributor to the famous Xeroxbook also published by Seth Siegelaub in 1968, an important aspect of audience participation in Weiner’s work is site-specificity. In SOME LIMESTONE SOME SANDSTONE ENCLOSED FOR SOME REASON he recast the iron weighbridge of the Dean Clough carpet factory, since the early 1970s, wall installations have been Weiners primary medium, and he has shown at the Leo Castelli gallery. Nevertheless, Weiner works in a variety of media, including video, film, books, sound art using audio tape, sculpture, performance art, installation art. In 2007, he participated at the symposium “Personal Structures Time-Space-Existence” a project which was initiated by the artist Rene Rietmeyer, in 2009 he participated in the art project Find Me, by Gema Alava, in company of artists Robert Ryman, Merrill Wagner and Paul Kos. Major solo exhibitions of the work have been mounted at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington. Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam in 1988/89 and in Arnhem The Netherlands,2012, GREEN AS WELL AS BLUE AS WELL AS RED. Bibliography Alberro, Alexander, Zimmerman, Alice, Buchloch, Benjamin H. D. and Batchelor, de Salvo, Donna and Goldstein, Ann Lawrence Weiner, As Far as the Eye Can See
Lawrence Weiner
–
Bits & Pieces Put Together to Present a Semblance of a Whole,
Walker Art Center,
Minneapolis, 2005
Lawrence Weiner
–
Flakturm at Esterházypark in
Vienna: Zerschmettert in Stücke (im Frieden der Nacht) / Smashed to pieces (in the still of the night) (1991)
Lawrence Weiner
–
Weiner's At the Same Moment painted on pilings in the
East River, as seen in 2011
23.
Philip Glass
–
Philip Morris Glass is an American composer. He is considered one of the most influential makers of the late 20th century. Glasss compositions have been described as music, similar to other minimalist composers including La Monte Young, Steve Reich. However, Glass has described himself instead as a composer of music with repetitive structures, Glass founded the Philip Glass Ensemble, with which he still performs on keyboards. He has written numerous operas and musical works, eleven symphonies, eleven concertos, seven string quartets and various other chamber music. Three of his scores have been nominated for Academy Awards. Glass was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Ida and his family were Jewish immigrants from Lithuania. His father owned a store and his mother was a librarian. She developed a plan to help them learn English and develop skills so they could find work and his sister, Sheppie, would later do similar work as an active member of the International Rescue Committee. Glass developed his appreciation of music from his father, discovering later his fathers side of the family had many musicians and his cousin Cevia was a classical pianist, while others had been in vaudeville. He learned his family was related to Al Jolson. Glasss father often received promotional copies of new recordings at his music store and he spent many hours listening to them, developing his knowledge and taste in music. This openness to modern sounds affected Glass at an age, My father was self-taught, but he ended up having a very refined and rich knowledge of classical, chamber. Typically he would come home and have dinner, and then sit in his armchair, I caught on to this very early, and I would go and listen with him. The elder Glass promoted both new recordings and a selection of composers to his customers, sometimes convincing them to try something new by allowing them to return records they didnt like. His store soon developed a reputation as Baltimores leading source of modern music, Glass cites Schuberts work as a big influence growing up. He studied the flute as a child at the school of the Peabody Institute. At the age of 15, he entered a college program at the University of Chicago where he studied mathematics
Philip Glass
–
Philip Glass in 1993
Philip Glass
–
Glass performing Book of Longing in Milan, September 2008
24.
Susan Sontag
–
Susan Sontag was a Jewish-American writer, filmmaker, teacher, and political activist. She published her first major work, the essay Notes on Camp and her best-known works include On Photography, Against Interpretation, Styles of Radical Will, The Way We Live Now, Illness as Metaphor, Regarding the Pain of Others, The Volcano Lover, and In America. Sontag was active in writing and speaking about, or travelling to, areas of conflict, including during the Vietnam War and she wrote extensively about photography, culture and media, AIDS and illness, human rights, and communism and leftist ideology. Although her essays and speeches sometimes drew controversy, she has described as one of the most influential critics of her generation. Sontag was born Susan Rosenblatt in New York City, the daughter of Mildred and Jack Rosenblatt and her father managed a fur trading business in China, where he died of tuberculosis in 1939, when Susan was five years old. Seven years later, her mother married U. S. Army Captain Nathan Sontag, Susan and her sister, Judith, took their stepfathers surname, although he did not adopt them formally. Sontag did not have a religious upbringing and claimed not to have entered a synagogue until her mid-20s and she began her undergraduate studies at the University of California, Berkeley but transferred to the University of Chicago in admiration of its famed core curriculum. At Chicago, she studies in philosophy, ancient history. Leo Strauss, Joseph Schwab, Christian Mackauer, Richard McKeon, Peter von Blanckenhagen and she graduated at the age of 18 with an A. B. and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. While at Chicago, she became best friends with fellow student Mike Nichols, at 17, Sontag married writer Philip Rieff, who was a sociology instructor at the University of Chicago, after a 10-day courtship, their marriage lasted eight years. While studying at Chicago, Sontag attended a school taught by the Sociologist Hans Heinrich Gerth who became a friend. Upon completing her Chicago degree, Sontag taught freshman English at the University of Connecticut for the 1952–53 academic year, after completing her Master of Arts in philosophy, she began doctoral research into metaphysics, ethics, Greek philosophy and Continental philosophy and theology at Harvard. The philosopher Herbert Marcuse lived with Sontag and Rieff for a year working on his 1955 book Eros. The couple had a son, David Rieff, who became his mothers editor at Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Sontag was awarded an American Association of University Womens fellowship for the 1957–1958 academic year to St Annes College, Oxford, where she traveled without her husband and son. There, she had classes with Iris Murdoch, Stuart Hampshire, A. J. Ayer, phil seminars of J. L. Austin and the lectures of Isaiah Berlin. Oxford did not appeal to her, however, and she transferred after Michaelmas term of 1957 to the University of Paris, in Paris, Sontag socialized with expatriate artists and academics including Allan Bloom, Jean Wahl, Alfred Chester, Harriet Sohmers and María Irene Fornés. Sontag remarked that her time in Paris was, perhaps, the most important period of her life and it certainly provided the basis of her long intellectual and artistic association with the culture of France
Susan Sontag
–
The former Sarajevo newspaper building during the
Siege of Sarajevo, when Sontag lived in the city
25.
Edward W. Said
–
Edward Wadie Said was a professor of literature at Columbia University, a public intellectual, and a founder of the academic field of postcolonial studies. A Palestinian American born in Mandatory Palestine, he was a citizen of the United States by way of his father, a U. S. Army veteran. As a cultural critic, Said is known for the book Orientalism, as a foundational text, Orientalism was controversial among the scholars of Oriental Studies, philosophy, and literature. Said advocated the establishment of a Palestinian state to ensure political and human rights for the Palestinians in Israel. In 1999, with his friend Daniel Barenboim, Said co-founded the West–Eastern Divan Orchestra, based in Seville, which comprises young Israeli, Palestinian, Edward Said died of leukemia on 25 September 2003. Edward Wadie Said was born on 1 November 1935, to Hilda Said and Wadie Said, a businessman in Jerusalem, then part of British-governed Mandatory Palestine. Wadie Said was a Palestinian man who soldiered in the U. S. Army component of the American Expeditionary Forces, commanded by General John J. Pershing, afterwards, that war-time military service earned American citizenship to Said père and his family. Edward’s mother, Hilda Said was born Lebanese and raised in Nazareth, in 1919, in partnership with a cousin, Wadie Said established a stationery business in Cairo. Like her husband, Hilda Said was an Arab Christian, and, although the Said family practiced the Jerusalemite variety of Greek Orthodox Christianity, moreover, his sister Rosemarie Saïd Zahlan also pursued an academic career. Said lived his boyhood between the worlds of Cairo and Jerusalem, in 1947, he attended St. Georges School, Jerusalem, nonetheless, the student Edward excelled, and achieved the rank of either first or second in a class of one hundred sixty students. In 1963, Said joined Columbia University, as a member of the English and Comparative Literature faculties, where he taught and worked until 2003. In 1974, he was Visiting Professor of Comparative Literature at Harvard, during the 1975–76 period, he was a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Science, Said also worked as a visiting professor at Yale University, and lectured at other universities. Said lectured at more than 200 universities in North America, Europe, in 1992, Said was promoted to Professor, the highest-rank academic job at Columbia University. Editorially, Prof. Saids first published book, Joseph Conrad, moreover, in Edward Saïd, Criticism and Society, Abdirahman Hussein said that Conrads novella Heart of Darkness was foundational to Saids entire career and project. That Lewis was saying that knowledge about Europe the only criterion for true knowledge. That the appearance of academic impartiality was part of Lewiss role as an authority for zealous anti–Islamic, anti–Arab, Zionist. Moreover, in the Afterword to the 1995 edition of the book, in the academy, Orientalism became a foundational text of the field of Post-colonial studies, for what the British intellectual Terry Eagleton said is the books central truth. That demeaning images of the East, and imperialist incursions into its terrain, have gone hand in hand
Edward W. Said
–
Edward Said
Edward W. Said
–
Representations of the Intellectual: Edward Said and his sister,
Rosemarie Said (1940)
Edward W. Said
–
The cover of Orientalism is a detail from the 19th-century Orientalist painting
The Snake Charmer, by
Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824–1904).
Edward W. Said
–
The idealized Orient of The Reception of the Ambassadors in Damascus (1511)
26.
Conceptual art
–
Conceptual art, sometimes simply called conceptualism, is art in which the concept or idea involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. Some works of art, sometimes called installations, may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions. The notion that art should examine its own nature was already a potent aspect of the art critic Clement Greenbergs vision of Modern art during the 1950s. One of the first and most important things they questioned was the assumption that the role of the artist was to create special kinds of material objects. Thus, in describing or defining a work of art as conceptual it is important not to confuse what is referred to as conceptual with an artists intention. The French artist Marcel Duchamp paved the way for the conceptualists, providing them examples of prototypically conceptual works — the readymades. The artistic tradition does not see an object as art because it is not made by an artist or with any intention of being art. This concept, also called Art esthapériste, derived from the infinitesimals of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - quantities which could not actually exist except conceptually, the current incarnation of the Isouian movement, Excoördism, self-defines as the art of the infinitely large and the infinitely small. In 1961 the term art, coined by the artist Henry Flynt in his article bearing the term as its title. By the mid-1970s they had produced publications, indices, performances, texts, in 1970 Conceptual Art and Conceptual Aspects, the first dedicated conceptual-art exhibition, took place at the New York Cultural Center. Conceptual art emerged as a movement during the 1960s - in part as a reaction against formalism as then articulated by the influential New York art critic Clement Greenberg. According to Greenberg Modern art followed a process of progressive reduction and those elements that ran counter to this nature were to be reduced. The task of painting, for example, was to define precisely what kind of object a painting truly is, later artists continued to share a preference for art to be self-critical, as well as a distaste for illusion. Lawrence Weiner said, Once you know about a work of mine you own it, theres no way I can climb inside somebodys head and remove it. It is sometimes reduced to a set of written instructions describing a work, Language was a central concern for the first wave of conceptual artists of the 1960s and early 1970s. This linguistic turn reinforced and legitimized the direction the artists took. Osborne also notes that the early conceptualists were the first generation of artists to complete degree-based university training in art, osborne later made the observation that contemporary art is post-conceptual in a public lecture delivered at the Fondazione Antonio Ratti, Villa Sucota in Como on July 9,2010. It is a claim made at the level of the ontology of the work of art
Conceptual art
–
Joseph Kosuth,
One and Three Chairs (1965)
Conceptual art
–
Marcel Duchamp,
Fountain, 1917. Photograph by
Alfred Stieglitz
Conceptual art
–
Lawrence Weiner. Bits & Pieces Put Together to Present a Semblance of a Whole, The Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, 2005.
Conceptual art
–
Stuckist artists leave a coffin, marked "The death of conceptual art", outside the
White Cube gallery in
Shoreditch, July 25, 2002.
27.
California Institute of the Arts
–
The California Institute of the Arts is a private university located in the Valencia neighborhood of the municipality of Santa Clarita in the California county of Los Angeles. It was incorporated in 1961 as the first degree-granting institution of learning in the United States created specifically for students of both the visual and the performing arts. It is authorized by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges to grant Bachelor of Fine Arts and Master of Fine Arts in the visual, performing, the Herb Alpert School of Music at CalArts was accredited in 2009 to grant a Doctor of Musical Arts. The school was first envisioned by many benefactors in the early 1960s, the institute was started as an interdisciplinary Caltech of the arts, with all schools under one roof. CalArts provides an environment for a diversity of artists. Students are free to develop their own work in a workshop atmosphere, CalArts was originally formed in 1961 as a merger of the Chouinard Art Institute and the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music. Both of the existing institutions were going through financial difficulties around the same time. The professional relationship between Madame Chouinard and Walt Disney began in 1929 when Disney had no money and Madame Chouinard agreed to train his first animators on a pay-later basis. He never forgot and over the years watched the Chouinard Art Institute grow into the finest art school on the West Coast, joining him were his brother Roy O. Disney, Lulu Von Hagen and Thornton Ladd, of the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music. In 1965, the Alumni Association was founded as an organization and was governed by a 12-member board of directors to serve the best interests of the institute. Members included leading professional artists and musicians, who contributed their knowledge, experience, the ground-breaking for CalArts current campus took place May 3,1969. However, construction of the new campus was hampered by rains, labor troubles. So the new school began its first year in the buildings of Villa Cabrini Academy, CalArts moved to its present campus in the Valencia section of the city of Santa Clarita, California in November 1971. The founding board of trustees originally planned on creating CalArts as a school in an entertainment complex, a destination like Disneyland, such a model is exemplified in the 1941 Disney film The Reluctant Dragon. In an ironic turn of fate, they appointed Dr. Robert W. Corrigan as the first president of the Institute. Corrigan, former dean of the School of Arts at New York University, was attempting to create a mix of artistic disciplines as those that were going to be attempted at CalArts. Corrigan fired almost all the artists and teachers from Chouinard in his attempt to remake CalArts into his personal vision and he was joined the following year by his friend Herbert Blau, hired as the Institutes provost and dean of the School of Theater and Dance. Corrigan held his position until 1972, when he was replaced by William S. Lund, a Disney son-in-law, within a month of Lunds tenure as president,55 of CalArts 325 faculty and staff were fired
California Institute of the Arts
–
CalArts
28.
Semiotics
–
Semiotics is the study of meaning-making, the study of sign processes and meaningful communication. This includes the study of signs and sign processes, indication, designation, likeness, analogy, allegory, metonymy, metaphor, symbolism, signification, the semiotic tradition explores the study of signs and symbols as a significant part of communications. As different from linguistics, however, semiotics also studies non-linguistic sign systems, some semioticians focus on the logical dimensions of the science, however. They examine areas belonging also to the life sciences—such as how organisms make predictions about, in general, semiotic theories take signs or sign systems as their object of study, the communication of information in living organisms is covered in biosemiotics. John Locke used the term semiotike in book four, chapter 21 of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, an intelligence capable of learning by experience, and which is philosophical logic pursued in terms of signs and sign processes. The Peirce scholar and editor Max H. Fisch claimed in 1978 that semeiotic was Peirces own preferred rendering of Lockes σημιωτική, Charles W. Morris followed Peirce in using the term semiotic and in extending the discipline beyond human communication to animal learning and use of signals. Ferdinand de Saussure, however, founded his semiotics, which he called semiology, in the social sciences, possible to conceive of a science which studies the role of signs as part of social life. It would form part of psychology, and hence of general psychology. It would investigate the nature of signs and the laws governing them, since it does not yet exist, one cannot say for certain that it will exist. But it has a right to exist, a ready for it in advance. Linguistics is only one branch of general science. The laws which semiology will discover will be applicable in linguistics. While the Saussurean semiotic is dyadic, the Peircean semiotic is triadic, Peircean semiotics further subdivides each of the three triadic elements into three sub-types. For example, signs can be icons, indices, and symbols, Thomas Sebeok assimilated semiology to semiotics as a part to a whole, and was involved in choosing the name Semiotica for the first international journal devoted to the study of signs. For Derrida, il ny a pas de hors-texte and he was in obvious opposition to materialists and marxists who argued that a sign has to point towards a real meaning, and cannot be controlled by the referents closed-loop references. The importance of signs and signification has been recognized much of the history of philosophy. Plato and Aristotle both explored the relationship between signs and the world, and Augustine considered the nature of the sign within a conventional system and these theories have had a lasting effect in Western philosophy, especially through scholastic philosophy. In contrast to this, human understanding adds to the animal Umwelt a relation of self-identity within objects which transforms objects experienced into things as well as +, –,0 objects, Peirces distinguished between the interpretant and the interpreter
Semiotics
–
Chart
semiotics of social networking
Semiotics
–
Color-coding hot- and cold-water faucets (taps) is common in many cultures but, as this example shows, the coding may be rendered meaningless because of context. The two faucets (taps) probably were sold as a coded set, but the code is unusable (and ignored), as there is a single water supply.
Semiotics
–
Signaling and communication between the
Astatotilapia burtoni
Semiotics
–
Topics and terminology
29.
Deconstruction
–
Deconstruction is a name commonly associated with philosopher Jacques Derridas critical outlook over the relationship between text and meaning. Derridas approach consists in conducting readings of texts with an ear to what runs counter to the unity or intended sense of a particular text. The purpose is to expose that the object of language and what upon which any text is founded is irreducibly complex, unstable, many debates in continental philosophy surrounding ontology, epistemology, ethics, aesthetics, hermeneutics, and philosophy of language refer to Derridas observations. Deconstruction also inspired deconstructivism in architecture and remains important within art, music, Jacques Derridas 1967 work Of Grammatology introduced the majority of ideas influential within deconstruction. According to Derrida and taking inspiration from the work of Ferdinand de Saussure, language as a system of signs, as a consequence meaning is never present, but rather is deferred to other signs. Derrida refers to the — in this view, mistaken — belief that there is a self-sufficient, a concept then must be understood in the context of its opposite, such as being/nothingness, normal/abnormal, speech/writing, etc. Further, Derrida contends that in a classical philosophical opposition we are not dealing with the coexistence of a vis-a-vis. One of the two terms governs the other, or has the hand, signified over signifier, intelligible over sensible, speech over writing, activity over passivity. The first task of deconstruction would be to find and overturn these oppositions inside a text or a corpus of texts, but the final objective of deconstruction is not to surpass all oppositions, because it is assumed they are structurally necessary to produce sense. They simply cannot be suspended once and for all, the hierarchy of dual oppositions always reestablishes itself. Deconstruction only points to the necessity of an analysis that can make explicit the decisions. To be effective, deconstruction needs to create new terms, not to synthesize the concepts in opposition and this explains why Derrida always proposes new terms in his deconstruction, not as a free play but as a pure necessity of analysis, to better mark the intervals. Derridas original use of the word deconstruction was a translation of Destruktion, heideggers term referred to a process of exploring the categories and concepts that tradition has imposed on a word, and the history behind them. An assertion that texts outlive their authors, and become part of a set of cultural habits equal to, if not surpassing, the importance of authorial intent. A re-valuation of certain classic western dialectics, poetry vs. philosophy, reason vs. revelation, structure vs. creativity, episteme vs. techne, etc. To this end, Derrida follows a line of modern philosophers. However, like Nietzsche, Derrida is not satisfied merely with such an interpretation of Plato. Différance is the observation that the meanings of words come from their synchrony with other words within the language, understanding language according to Derrida required an understanding of both viewpoints of linguistic analysis
Deconstruction
–
Sub-fields
30.
The Loveless
–
The Loveless is a 1982 American outlaw biker drama film written and directed by Kathryn Bigelow and Monty Montgomery. It is an independent film and stars Willem Dafoe and musician Robert Gordon, the film has been compared to The Wild One. A motorcycle gang that causes trouble in a southern town. Tarver Production on The Loveless began on September 22,1980, the resources of MoMas Film Study Center were utilised by Bigelow to create the aesthetic of the film. The title of the film changed twice, originally titled U. S17, then Breakdown, the film has an 89% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 9 reviews from critics. The Loveless at the Internet Movie Database
The Loveless
–
DVD cover
31.
Willem Dafoe
–
William J. Willem Dafoe is an American actor. His other film appearances include The Last Temptation of Christ, The English Patient, American Psycho and he has also had voice roles in Finding Nemo and Finding Dory, Fantastic Mr. Fox and the forthcoming adaptation of Death Note. Dafoe was born in Appleton, Wisconsin, in high school, he acquired the nickname Willem. His fathers ancestry is French-Canadian, Swiss and English, and his mothers ancestry is German and he was once expelled from high school for shooting a pornographic film. She, with her romantic partner Spalding Gray and others, edged out Schechner. Within a year Dafoe was part of the company, Dafoe, who would continue with the Wooster Group into the 2000s, began his film career in 1981, when he was cast in Heavens Gate only to see his role removed from the film during editing. As Dafoe recalled of his first film experience, I worked for Jeff Bridges character in the story, I was there for three months and I worked a lot. It was the kind of thing where you were hired to play an unscripted character, cimino turned around and said, Willem step out, and that was that. I was the lamb for sacrifice, in 1982, he starred as the leader of an Outlaw motorcycle club in The Loveless, and then played a similar role in Streets of Fire. In the mid-1980s, he was cast by William Friedkin to star in To Live, and, also, its fun to be bad and the only problem is often villain roles are devices and they lack a certain depth. Theyre signs, theyre signals and after a little while you want something to chew on, I think the best work comes when youre unsure, when youre terrified, when youre off balance. Dafoe would go on to gain his widest exposure up to that point playing the compassionate Sergeant Elias in Oliver Stones Platoon and he enjoyed the opportunity to play a heroic role, and said the film gave him a chance to display his versatility. I think all characters live in you and you just frame them, give them circumstances, and that character will happen. In 1988, Dafoe starred in another film set during the Vietnam War and he has since become a popular character actor. He is often cast as unstable or villainous characters, such as the Green Goblin in Spider-Man, before that, he was briefly considered for the role of the Joker by Tim Burton and Sam Hamm for 1989s Batman. Hamm recalls We thought, Well, Willem Dafoe looks just like The Joker, the role eventually went to Jack Nicholson. Dafoe starred in the erotic drama Body of Evidence with Madonna, in 1991, he portrayed a Manhattan drug dealer in the Paul Schrader film Light Sleeper. Dafoe played an eccentric FBI agent in The Boondock Saints and an investigator in American Psycho
Willem Dafoe
–
Dafoe at the premiere of
The Hunter in
Sydney, Australia, 2011
Willem Dafoe
–
Hafsat Abiola, Dafoe and
Bianca Jagger at the
dropping knowledge 's Table of Free Voices at
Bebelplatz, Berlin, in September 2006
32.
New Order (band)
–
New Order are an English rock band formed in 1980, currently comprising Bernard Sumner, Stephen Morris, Gillian Gilbert, Phil Cunningham and Tom Chapman. The band was formed in 1980 by Sumner, Morris, and Peter Hook and they added Gilbert later that year. By combining post-punk with an influence from electronic and dance music, New Order became one of the most critically acclaimed. The bands 1983 hit Blue Monday, the best-selling 12-inch single of all time, is one example of how their sound became increasingly uptempo, New Order were the flagship band for Manchester-based independent record label Factory Records. Their unlabelled album sleeves and non-image reflected the aesthetic of doing whatever the relevant parties wanted to do. Throughout their career, the records were art-directed by designer Peter Saville. The group disbanded in 1993 to work on projects. In 2001, Cunningham replaced Gilbert, who took a sabbatical from the band because of family commitments, in 2007, Hook left the band over personal conflicts. After Hooks departure, Sumner, Cunningham, and Morris worked on Bad Lieutenant, the band members have been involved in several solo projects, such as Sumners Electronic and Bad Lieutenant, Hooks Monaco and Revenge and Gilbert and Morris The Other Two. In September 2015, the released their tenth studio album. Between 1977 and 1980, Ian Curtis, Peter Hook, Stephen Morris, Curtis committed suicide on 18 May 1980, the day before Joy Division were scheduled to depart for their first American tour, and prior to release of the bands second album, Closer. The rest of the band decided soon after Curtiss death that they would carry on, prior to his death, the members of Joy Division had agreed not to continue under the Joy Division name should any one member leave. On 29 July 1980, the unnamed trio debuted live at Manchesters Beach Club. Rob Gretton, the manager for over twenty years, is credited for having found the name New Order in an article in The Guardian entitled The Peoples New Order of Kampuchea. The band adopted this name, despite its previous use for former Stooge Ron Ashetons band The New Order, the group states that the name New Order does not draw a direct line to Nazism or Fascism. The band rehearsed with each taking turns on vocals. Sumner ultimately took the role, as he could sing when he wasnt playing his guitar and they wanted to complete the line-up with someone they knew well and whose musical skill and style was compatible with their own. Gretton suggested Morriss girlfriend Gillian Gilbert, and she was invited to join the band in early October 1980 and her first live performance with the band occurred at The Squat in Manchester on 25 October 1980
New Order (band)
–
New Order performing at
EXIT Festival in Novi Sad, Serbia in 2012
New Order (band)
–
New Order performing in 2005
33.
Touched by the Hand of God
–
Touched by the Hand of God was a single released by New Order on 7 December 1987. The song was recorded for the soundtrack to the film Salvation. And the version released as a single was remixed by Arthur Baker, the B-side was a dub remix, titled Touched by the Hand of Dub and the release had the catalogue number FAC193, production duties are credited to New Order. In the US, the song was released as the B-side to the following single Blue Monday 1988, though it was billed as a double A-side on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play. The video also contains a scene that is intercut with the performance shots, and stars Rae Dawn Chong. The concept was proposed by manager Rob Gretton, and was inspired by the band having seen the clichés of then-popular videos on MTV while touring America, all tracks written by Gillian Gilbert, Peter Hook, Stephen Morris and Bernard Sumner, except where indicated. Notes,1 – Charted with Blue Monday 1988
Touched by the Hand of God
–
"Touched by the Hand of God"
34.
Glam metal
–
Glam metal is a subgenre of heavy metal which features pop-influenced hooks and guitar riffs, and borrows from the fashion of 1970s glam rock. Glam metal can be traced back to acts like Alice Cooper, Boston, Cheap Trick, Kiss, The New York Dolls. It was popular throughout the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, bringing to prominence bands including Poison, Skid Row, Cinderella, Glam metal was associated with flashy clothing and makeup. Poison, for example, had long shaggy or backcombed hair, accessories, metal studs, leather, Glam metal lost mainstream interest in the early 1990s as the perceived excesses of glam metal created a backlash against the genre. A factor in the decline of metal was the rise of grunge in the early 1990s, which had a stripped-down aesthetic. Musically, glam metal combines a traditional metal sound with elements of hard rock and punk rock, adding pop-influenced catchy hooks. Like other heavy metal songs of the 1980s, they often feature shred guitar solos and they also include extensive use of harmonies, particularly in the characteristic power ballads – slow, emotional songs that gradually build to a strong finale. These were among the most commercially successful singles in the genre, lyrical themes often deal with love and lust, with songs often directed at a particular woman. Aesthetically glam metal draws heavily on the rock or glitter rock of the 1970s, often with very long backcombed hair, use of make-up, gaudy clothing. The visual aspects of glam metal appealed to television producers, particularly MTV. Glam metal performers became infamous for their debauched lifestyles of drugs, strippers and late-night parties, sociologist Deena Weinstein points to the large number of terms used to describe more commercial forms of heavy metal, which she groups together as lite metal. Use of the derogatory term hair metal started in the early 1990s, Music journalist Stephen Davis claims the influences of the style can be traced back to acts like Aerosmith, Kiss, Boston, Cheap Trick, and The New York Dolls. Kiss and to a lesser extent Alice Cooper, were influences on the genre. Finnish band Hanoi Rocks, heavily influenced themselves by the New York Dolls, have been credited with setting a blueprint for the look of hair metal. Van Halen has been seen as influential on the movement, emerging in 1978 from the Los Angeles music scene on Sunset Strip. He popularized a technique of two‐handed hammer‐ons and pull‐offs called tapping. This sound, and lead singer David Lee Roths stage antics, would be influential on glam metal. In the early 1980s, a number of bands from across the United States began to move towards what would become the glam metal sound
Glam metal
–
Poison were one extreme of the glam metal look with long shaggy or backcombed hair, accessories, metal studs, leather and make-up during their live performances.
Glam metal
–
Kix performing in 1983
Glam metal
–
Original member Izzy Stradlin' on stage with
Guns N' Roses in 2006
Glam metal
–
W.A.S.P. performing live in Stavanger, Norway in 2006
35.
Blue Steel (1990 film)
–
Blue Steel is a 1990 American action thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow, and starring Jamie Lee Curtis, Ron Silver and Clancy Brown. Megan Turner is a rookie New York City policewoman who shoots, the suspects handgun lands on the floor of the market in the shopping area as the suspect is blown backward through the front window. As she continues to the area, Turner nearly steps on the suspects handgun directly in front of Eugene Hunt, a commodities trader. Hunt takes the gun and slips away, using it to commit several bloody, because the robbers weapon was not found at the scene, Turner is accused of killing an unarmed man. While the officer attempts to clear her name with Chief Hoyt and her superiors, Turner arrests him but he is freed by his attorney, Mel Dawson. He begins to stalk Turner at her home, an uncomfortable place where Turner remembers her mother being physically abused by her dad. Turner fights to keep her badge and solve the murders with the help of Detective Nick Mann, Hunt turns up at her apartment, injures Turner and kills her best friend, Tracy. This causes Turner to have an emotional breakdown and she spends the night with Mann, her fellow officer. Mann is ambushed by Hunt when he goes to the bathroom, Turner doesnt hear the shot because it was muffled. Hunt attacks and rapes her, and she him. Mann is unconscious and taken to the hospital, determined to find Hunt and finish him off, Turner finally shoots and kills him after a long and violent confrontation and a bullet wound to her shoulder. She is then taken away by police officers. Chief Stanley Hoyt Tom Sizemore as Robber The film gained positive reviews, film critic Roger Ebert compared it to John Carpenters Halloween, noting, Blue Steel is a sophisticated update of Halloween, the movie that first made Jamie Lee Curtis a star. What makes it more interesting than yet another sequel to Halloween is the way the filmmakers have fleshed out the formula with intriguing characters, the film was not a box office success. List of films featuring home invasions Blue Steel at the Internet Movie Database Blue Steel at Box Office Mojo Blue Steel at Rotten Tomatoes
Blue Steel (1990 film)
–
Theatrical release poster
36.
Jamie Lee Curtis
–
Jamie Lee Curtis, Lady Haden-Guest is an American actress and author. She made her debut in 1978 by starring as Laurie Strode in John Carpenters Halloween. Curtis other notable films include Blue Steel and Freaky Friday, for which she received her third Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress - Musical or Comedy. For her role in the television series Anything But Love, Curtis received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy. Curtis received her first Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie for her performance in the television film, Curtis currently stars in the comedy horror series Scream Queens on FOX. Curtis is the daughter of the actress Janet Leigh and actor Tony Curtis and she is married to actor, screenwriter, and director Christopher Guest, 5th Baron Haden-Guest. Her 1998 book Today I Feel Silly, and Other Moods That Make My Day made the best-seller list in The New York Times and she has appeared in advertisements and is a blogger for The Huffington Post. Curtis was born in Santa Monica, California, to actor Tony Curtis and her paternal grandparents were Hungarian Jewish immigrants and two of her maternal great-grandparents were Danish. Curtiss parents divorced in 1962, after which her mother married Robert Brandt, Curtis has an older sister, Kelly Curtis, who is also an actress, and several half-siblings, Alexandra, Allegra, Benjamin, and Nicholas Curtis. Curtis attended Westlake School in Los Angeles and Beverly Hills High School, returning to California in 1976, she attended the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California. She considered majoring in social work, but quit after one semester to pursue an acting career, curtiss film debut occurred in the 1978 horror film Halloween, in which she played the role of Laurie Strode. The film was a success and was considered the highest grossing independent film of its time. Curtis was subsequently cast in several films, garnering her the title. Her next film was the horror film The Fog, which was helmed by Halloween director John Carpenter, the film opened in February 1980 to mixed reviews but strong box office, starting Curtis as a horror film starlet. Her next film, Prom Night, was a low-budget Canadian slasher film released in July 1980 and that year, Curtis also starred in Terror Train, which opened in October and was met with negative reviews akin to Prom Night. Both films performed well at the box office. Curtis had a function in both films - the main character whose friends are murdered, and is practically the only protagonist to survive. Curtis later appeared in Halloween II, Halloween H20,20 Years Later and Halloween, Resurrection, as well as giving a voice role in Halloween III
Jamie Lee Curtis
–
Jamie Lee Curtis at the 2015
San Diego Comic-Con International
Jamie Lee Curtis
–
Curtis at the 1989
Emmy Awards
Jamie Lee Curtis
–
Curtis in 2011
37.
Ron Silver
–
Ronald Arthur Ron Silver was an American actor, director, producer, radio host, and political activist. He played Henry Kissinger, Alan M. Dershowitz and Angelo Dundee on the screen and supported Bill Clinton, Rudolph Giuliani and he was awarded a Tony in 1988 for Best Actor for Speed-the-Plow, a satirical dissection of the American movie business. Silver was born on July 2,1946 in Manhattan, New York, the son of May, a teacher, and Irving Roy Silver. Silver was raised Jewish on the Lower East Side of Manhattan and he also attended Columbia Universitys Graduate School of International Affairs and studied acting at the Herbert Berghof Studio, and later at The Actors Studio. Silver got his big acting break starring in El Grande de Coca Cola in 1974, producers Richard Flanzer and Roy Silver opened it at the famed Whisky a Go Go on the Sunset Strip in Los Angeles. The production ran for more than a year, Silver and his co-star, actor Jeff Goldblum, were discovered by Hollywood film agents during this hilarious shows run. In 1976, he made his debut in Tunnel Vision. From 1976 to 1978, he had a role as Gary Levy in the sitcom Rhoda. He starred as Jerry Lewiss characters son in the multi-episode Garment District Arc of the crime series Wiseguy. From 1991 to 2000, Silver served as president of the Actors Equity Association and he played a film producer in Best Friends opposite Burt Reynolds and Goldie Hawn, an actor in Lovesick and a film director in Mr. Saturday Night. Silver portrayed a corrupt, rogue senator in the 1994 Jean-Claude Van Damme sci-fi thriller Timecop, on television in 1998, he starred opposite Kirstie Alley for season two of her TV comedy series Veronicas Closet. He was also featured as Muhammad Alis boxing trainer and cornerman Angelo Dundee in Michael Manns 2001 biopic Ali, from 2001–02 and again from 2005–06, he had a recurring role as presidential campaign advisor Bruno Gianelli on the NBC series The West Wing. In February 2008, Silver began hosting The Ron Silver Show on Sirius Satellite Radio, the show aired live from 9–11am ET, on Indie Talk, Sirius 110. Silver traveled to more than 30 countries and spoke fluent Mandarin Chinese and he taught at the high school level and was a social worker for the Department of Social Services. In 1975, he married a worker, later Self magazine editor, Lynne Miller, the marriage lasted until 1997. In 1989, he co-founded the Creative Coalition, an entertainment industry political advocacy organization that champions for First Amendment rights, public education, Silver was a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. In 2000, he co-founded the organization One Jerusalem to oppose the Oslo Peace Agreement and he spoke at the 2004 Republican National Convention, continued to support President Bush, and was appointed Chairman for the Millennium Committee by New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani. After he flipped political affiliations and endorsed President Bush, he was ostracized by friends, in Silvers blog on the PJ Media website, he claimed that colleagues on the set of The West Wing referred to him as Ron, Ron, the Neo-Con
Ron Silver
–
Ron Silver
Ron Silver
–
Ron Silver's headstone
38.
Keanu Reeves
–
Keanu Charles Reeves is a Canadian actor, producer, and musician. Reeves is best known for his career, beginning in 1985. He has also appeared in films such as Dangerous Liaisons, My Own Private Idaho. Since becoming active in the industry, Reeves abilities have earned critical acclaim. One New York Times critic praised Reeves versatility, saying that he displays considerable discipline and he moves easily between the buttoned-down demeanor that suits a police procedural story and the loose-jointed manner of his comic roles. However, Reeves has spent much of his career being typecast. A recurring character arc in many roles he has portrayed is one of saving the world, as can be seen in the characters of Ted Logan, Buddha, Neo, Johnny Mnemonic, John Constantine, and Klaatu. His acting has garnered awards including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. During his film career, Reeves has engaged in several forms of artistic expression, active as a musician for a decade, he played bass guitar for the bands Dogstar and Becky. Acting onstage, he performed as Prince Hamlet for the Manitoba Theatre Centres production of Hamlet and he wrote the text for a picture book, Ode to Happiness, illustrated by Alexandra Grant. He has also produced a documentary, Side by Side, Reeves was born in Beirut, Lebanon, the son of Patricia Bond, a costume designer/performer, and Samuel Nowlin Reeves, Jr. His mother is English, from Essex, England and his father, an American from Hawaii, has Native Hawaiian, Chinese, Portuguese, and English ancestry. Reeves has said, My grandmother is Chinese and Hawaiian, so I was around Chinese art, furniture, Reevess mother was working in Beirut when she met his father. Reevess father earned his GED while imprisoned in Hawaii for selling heroin at Hilo International Airport and he abandoned his wife and family when Reeves was three years old, but Reeves knew him until he was six. They last met on the island of Kauai when Reeves was 13, Reeves moved around the world frequently as a child, and lived with various stepfathers. The couple moved to Toronto and divorced in 1971, when Reeves was 15, he worked as a production assistant on Aarons films. Reevess mother married Robert Miller, a promoter, in 1976. She subsequently married her husband, a hairdresser named Jack Bond
Keanu Reeves
–
Reeves at the 2014
Fantastic Fest
Keanu Reeves
–
Reeves' star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
Keanu Reeves
–
Reeves promoting
The Day the Earth Stood Still in Mexico in 2008.
Keanu Reeves
–
Reeves leaving the press conference for
The Private Lives of Pippa Lee, Berlinale 2009
39.
Patrick Swayze
–
Patrick Wayne Swayze was an American actor, dancer, and singer-songwriter. During his career he received three Golden Globe Award nominations and was named by People magazine as its Sexiest Man Alive in 1991. Patrick Wayne Swayze was born on August 18,1952, in Houston, Texas, the child of Patsy Swayze, a choreographer, dance instructor, and dancer, and Jesse Wayne Swayze. He had two brothers, actor Don and Sean Kyle, and two sisters, Vickie Lynn and Bambi. Swayze and his siblings were raised in their mothers Roman Catholic faith, during this time, he pursued multiple artistic and athletic skills, such as ice skating, classical ballet, and acting in school plays. He played football for his school and was hoping to receive a football scholarship for college until a knee injury ended his career. He studied gymnastics at Coastal Carolina University for two years, in 1972, he moved to New York City to complete his formal dance training at the Harkness Ballet and Joffrey Ballet schools. Swayze had a role in the television series M*A*S*H, in season 9 episode 18 Blood Brothers. His first professional appearance was as a dancer for Disney on Parade and he then starred as a replacement playing the role of Danny Zuko in the long-running Broadway production of Grease before his debut film role as Ace in Skatetown, U. S. A. Swayze became known to the industry after appearing in The Outsiders as the older brother of C. Thomas Howell. Also in 1983, Swayze played a U. S. M. C, trainer in Vietnam rescue film Uncommon Valor with Gene Hackman. The following year, Swayze, Howell, and Howells friend Darren Dalton reunited in Red Dawn, then in 1986, Lowe and his first major success was in the 1985 television miniseries North and South, which was set during the American Civil War. Swayzes breakthrough role came with his performance as dance instructor Johnny Castle in the film Dirty Dancing, alongside his Red Dawn co-star, the song became a top-10 hit and has been covered by other artists. After Dirty Dancing, Swayze found himself in great acting demand and appeared in several films and his biggest role came when he starred in Ghost with Demi Moore and Whoopi Goldberg. In 1991, he starred alongside Youngblood castmate Keanu Reeves in another major hit, Point Break. For his contributions to the industry, he was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1997. Swayze was seriously injured in 1998 while filming HBOs Letters from a Killer near Ione, California, both of his legs were broken, and he suffered four detached tendons in his shoulder. Filming was suspended for two months, and the aired in 1999
Patrick Swayze
–
Swayze greeting fans after
Guys and Dolls, September 27, 2006
Patrick Swayze
–
Swayze and
Paula Abdul at the 1990 Grammy Awards
Patrick Swayze
–
Swayze and his wife,
Lisa Niemi, arrive at the 1989 Academy Awards ceremony
40.
Wild Palms
–
Wild Palms is a five-hour mini-series which was produced by Greengrass Productions and first aired in May 1993 on the ABC network in the United States. The sci-fi drama, announced as an event series, deals with the dangers of politically motivated abuse of media technology. It was based on a comic written by Bruce Wagner. Wagner, who wrote the screenplay, served as executive producer together with Oliver Stone. The series stars James Belushi, Dana Delany, Robert Loggia, Kim Cattrall, David Warner, the episodes were directed by Kathryn Bigelow, Keith Gordon, Peter Hewitt and Phil Joanou. In the United States in the year 2007, the left-wing Fathers dominate large sections in politics, a libertarian movement, the Friends, opposes the government, often making use of underground guerilla tactics. In California, the representative of the Fathers is Senator Tony Kreutzer. Harry Wyckoff is a patent attorney on the brink of becoming a partner in the conservative legal agency where he works. His mother-in-law is the impossibly chic socialite and interior decorator Josie Ito, at night, Wyckoff is plagued by strange dreams of a rhinoceros and a faceless woman who has palm trees tattooed on her body. One day, he is visited by a lover of his college days, the alluring Paige Katz, who asks for his help in tracking down her son Peter. As Paige is closely associated with Kreutzers Wild Palms Group, which Wyckoffs firm is going up against in court, their meetings raise suspicions, after this, he gladly accepts when Kreutzer offers him a job at Channel 3 with an even higher salary. In the wake of his new career, Harrys wife Grace becomes alienated from him, to his dismay, Harry learns that Coty is actually the son of Kreutzer and Paige, and that her search request was a plot to bring him and the Senator together. Meanwhile, Coty not only becomes a child TV star but also, due to his ruthlessness, Graces mother turns out to be the Senators sister who disposes of possible rivals with the same violently brutal means as her brother. Her only weak point is her marriage to Eli Levitt, leader of the Friends and Graces father. Kreutzer tries to get hold of the Go chip, which supposedly will enable him to become a living hologram with unlimited power, disgusted by his methods, his fiancé Paige gives information to the Friends. Harry discovers that Peter, a boy who has connections to the Friends, is his son who was taken away by the Fathers shortly after his birth. Kreutzer, who suspects Harry of collaborating with his opponents, has him tortured and kidnaps his daughter Deirdre, while Josie throttles her own daughter, Grace, Harry joins the Friends and works to broadcast a recording of Graces murder. The broadcast causes a social uproar, Synthiotics facilities and the campaign offices of Kreutzer, who is running for president, are attacked
Wild Palms
–
Wild Palms main cast (listed below)
Wild Palms
–
Wild Palms U.S. DVD cover.
41.
Homicide: Life on the Street
–
Homicide, Life on the Street is an American police procedural television series chronicling the work of a fictional version of the Baltimore Police Departments Homicide Unit. It ran for seven seasons on NBC from 1993 to 1999, and was succeeded by Homicide, The Movie, the series was originally based on David Simons book Homicide, A Year on the Killing Streets. Many of the characters and stories used throughout the show were based on events depicted in the book, while Homicide featured an ensemble cast, Andre Braugher emerged as a breakout star through his portrayal of Detective Frank Pembleton. The show won Television Critics Association Awards for Outstanding Achievement in Drama in 1996,1997 and it also became the first drama ever to win three Peabody Awards for drama in 1993,1995, and 1997. It received recognition from the Primetime Emmy Awards, Satellite Awards, Image Awards, Viewers for Quality Television, GLAAD Media Awards, in 1997, the episode Prison Riot was ranked No.32 on TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. In 2007, it was listed as one of Time magazines Best TV Shows of All-TIME, in 1996, TV Guide named the series The Best Show Youre Not Watching. The show placed #46 on Entertainment Weeklys New TV Classics list, in 2013, TV Guide ranked it #55 on its list of the 60 Best Series of All Time. Simon, who became a consultant and producer with the series, while detectives are typically portrayed as noble characters who care deeply about their victims, Simon believed real detectives regarded violence as a normal aspect of their jobs. Levinson approached screenwriter Paul Attanasio with the material, and Homicide became Attanasios first foray into television writing, Levinson was indifferent to the change, asserting that viewers would probably casually refer to the series as Homicide in either case. The opening theme music was composed by Baltimore native Lynn F. Kowal, Homicides purpose was to provide its viewers with a no-nonsense, police procedural-type glimpse into the lives of a squad of inner-city detectives. In its attempt to do so, Homicide developed a trademark feel, for example, the series was filmed with hand-held 16 mm cameras almost entirely on-location in Baltimore. It also regularly used music montages, jump cut editing, the episodes were also noted for interweaving as many as three or four storylines in a single episode. NBC executives often asked the writers to focus on a homicide case rather than multiple ones. Despite premiering in the coveted post-Super Bowl time slot, the show opened to lackluster ratings, Homicide consistently ranked behind ABCs 20/20 and CBSs Nash Bridges in the Nielsen ratings. Despite the poor ratings, reviews were strong from the beginning of the series. Commentators were especially impressed with the number of strong, complex, well-developed and non-stereotypical African American characters like Pembleton, Lewis. The police department scenes were shot at the historic City Recreation Pier in the Fells Point neighborhood in Baltimore, nevertheless, in its attempt to improve Homicides ratings, NBC often insisted on changes, both cosmetic and thematic. For example, by the beginning of the season, talented
Homicide: Life on the Street
–
Several regulars from across the series's seven-year run. Left to right: Ned Beatty, Clark Johnson, Richard Belzer, Melissa Leo, Kyle Secor, Andre Braugher, Callie Thorne, Yaphet Kotto, Peter Gerety, Toni Lewis, Jon Seda.
42.
The Weight of Water
–
The Weight of Water is a 1997 bestselling novel by Anita Shreve. Half of the novel is fiction based on the Smuttynose Island murders. The book was adapted for a film of the name, directed by Kathryn Bigelow. In March 1873, two Norwegian-born women who lived on the desolate Smuttynose Island, one of the Isles of Shoals off the coast of Maine, Maren Hontvedt, a sister of one of the victims, survived by hiding in a sea cave until dawn. The murdered women were her older sister Karen Christensen and Anethe Christensen, a man named Louis Wagner was tried and hanged for their murders, mostly on circumstantial evidence. His conviction has been argued about, as people think he could not have done it. More than a later, Jean Janes, a magazine photographer working on a photo essay about the murders, returns to the Isles with her husband Thomas. Thomas is a poet who has been struggling with alcoholism. Hoping to have a vacation, they travel on a boat skippered by Thomas brother Rich. Jean becomes immersed in the details of the 19th-century murders after discovering a purported memoir of Maren in the library, gradually, tensions increase among the group on the sloop, with unspoken emotions surfacing. Jean begins to suspect an affair between Thomas and Adaline, the novel is split into two parts, the present day, told from Jeans point of view and in the present tense, and 1873, told in first person from Marens point of view, her memoir. Kirkus Reviews said. Shreve deftly juxtaposes a strained modern marriage, a film adaptation of the same name, directed by Kathryn Bigelow, was released in 2002. It starred Sean Penn, Catherine McCormack, Elizabeth Hurley and Sarah Polley
The Weight of Water
–
First edition cover
43.
Harrison Ford
–
Harrison Ford is an American actor and film producer. He gained worldwide fame for his roles as Han Solo in the Star Wars film series. Six of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry, American Graffiti, The Conversation, Star Wars, The Empire Strikes Back, Raiders of the Lost Ark and Blade Runner. In 1997, Ford was ranked No.1 in Empires The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time list. As of 2016, the U. S. domestic box-office grosses of Fords films total over US$4.7 billion, with worldwide grosses surpassing $6 billion, Ford is married to actress Calista Flockhart. Ford was born at the Swedish Covenant Hospital in Chicago, Illinois to Christopher Ford, an executive and former actor, and Dorothy. A younger brother, Terence, was born in 1945, Fords paternal grandparents, John Fitzgerald Ford and Florence Veronica Niehaus, were of Irish Catholic and German descent, respectively. Fords maternal grandparents, Harry Nidelman and Anna Lifschutz, were Jewish immigrants from Minsk, when asked in which religion he and his brother were raised, Ford jokingly responded, Democrat, to be liberals of every stripe. Ford was active in the Boy Scouts of America, and achieved its second-highest rank and he worked at Napowan Adventure Base Scout camp as a counselor for the Reptile Study merit badge. Because of this, he and director Steven Spielberg later decided to depict the young Indiana Jones as a Life Scout in the film Indiana Jones, in 1960, Ford graduated from Maine East High School in Park Ridge, Illinois. His was the first student voice broadcast on his high schools new radio station, WMTH and he attended Ripon College in Wisconsin, where he was a philosophy major and a member of the Sigma Nu fraternity. He took a class in the final quarter of his senior year to get over his shyness. Ford, a late bloomer, became fascinated with acting. In 1964, after a season of stock with the Belfry Players in Wisconsin. He did not get it, but stayed in California and eventually signed a contract with Columbia Pictures New Talent program. His first known role was a role as a bellhop in Dead Heat on a Merry-Go-Round. There is little record of his roles in film. Ford was at the bottom of the hiring list, having offended producer Jerry Tokovsky after he played a bellboy in the feature
Harrison Ford
–
Ford at the 2015
San Diego Comic-Con International
Harrison Ford
–
Ford with
Chandran Rutnam on the set of
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom which was shot in
Kandy,
Sri Lanka in 1983
Harrison Ford
–
Ford in 2007
Harrison Ford
–
Ford at the
2008 Cannes Film Festival
44.
Liam Neeson
–
Liam John Neeson, OBE, is an actor from Northern Ireland. In 1976, he joined the Lyric Players Theatre in Belfast for two years and he then acted in the Arthurian film, Excalibur. Between 1982 and 1987, Neeson starred in five films, most notably alongside Mel Gibson and Anthony Hopkins in The Bounty and Robert De Niro and he landed a leading role alongside Patrick Swayze in Next of Kin. He rose to prominence when he starred in the role in Steven Spielbergs 1993 Oscar winner Schindlers List. Empire magazine ranked Neeson among both the 100 Sexiest Stars in Film History and The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time. Neeson was born in Ballymena, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, the son of Katherine Kitty Neeson, a cook, and Bernard Barney Neeson and he was raised as a Roman Catholic and was named Liam after the local priest. He said growing up as a Catholic in a predominately Protestant town made him cautious, the third of four siblings, he has three sisters, Elizabeth, Bernadette and Rosaleen. At age nine, Neeson began boxing lessons at the All Saints Youth Club, Neeson first stepped on stage at age 11 after his English teacher offered him the lead role in a school play, which he accepted because the girl he was attracted to was starring in it. He continued to act in school productions over the following years, Neesons interest in acting and decision to become an actor was also influenced by minister Ian Paisley, into whose Free Presbyterian church Neeson would sneak. Neeson has said of Paisley, He had a magnificent presence and it was acting, but it was also great acting and stirring too. In 1971, Neeson was enrolled as a physics and computer science student at Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, at Queens, he discovered a talent for football and was spotted by Seán Thomas at Bohemian F. C. There was a trial in Dublin and Neeson played one game as a substitute against Shamrock Rovers F. C. After leaving the university, Neeson returned to Ballymena where he worked in a variety of casual jobs and he also attended teacher training college for two years in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, before again returning to his hometown. In 1976, Neeson joined the Lyric Players Theatre in Belfast where he performed for two years and he got his first film experience in 1977, playing Jesus Christ and Evangelist in the religious film Pilgrims Progress. Neeson moved to Dublin in 1978 after he was offered a part in Ron Hutchinsons Says I, Says He and he acted in several other Project productions and joined the Abbey Theatre. In 1980, filmmaker John Boorman saw him on stage as Lennie Small in Of Mice and Men and offered him the role of Sir Gawain in the Arthurian film, Excalibur. After Excalibur, Neeson moved to London, where he continued working on stage, in small budget films and he lived with the actress Helen Mirren at this time, whom he met working on Excalibur. Between 1982 and 1987, Neeson starred in five films, most notably alongside Mel Gibson and Anthony Hopkins in 1984s The Bounty and Robert De Niro and Jeremy Irons in 1986s The Mission
Liam Neeson
–
Neeson at the 2012
Deauville American Film Festival
Liam Neeson
–
Neeson talking to
Ralph Fiennes at the Madison Square Garden
U2 concert, 1 October 2005
Liam Neeson
–
Neeson attending the TIFF premiere of
The Other Man, on 7 September 2008.
45.
Metacritic
–
Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of media products, music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs, and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged, Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc Doyle, and Julie Doyle Roberts. The site provides an excerpt from each review and hyperlinks to its source, a color of Green, Yellow or Red summarizes the critics recommendations and therefore the general appeal of the product to reviewers and, to a lesser extent, the public. It is regarded as the game industrys foremost review aggregator. Metacritics scoring converts each review into a percentage, either mathematically from the mark given, before being averaged, the scores are weighted according to the critics fame, stature, and volume of reviews. Metacritic was launched in July 1999 by Marc Doyle, his sister Julie Doyle Roberts, rotten Tomatoes was already compiling movie reviews, but Doyle, Roberts, and Dietz saw an opportunity to cover a broader range of media. They sold Metacritic to CNET in 2005, CNET and Metacritic are now owned by the CBS Corporation. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal wrote in September 2004, Mr. Doyle,36, is now a product manager at CNET. Speaking of video games, Doyle said, A site like ours helps people cut through. unobjective promotional language and he added that the review process was not taken as seriously when unconnected magazines and websites provided reviews in isolation. In August 2010, the appearance was revamped, reaction from users was overwhelmingly negative. Certain publications are given more significance because of their stature, games Editor Marc Doyle was interviewed by Keith Stuart of The Guardian to get a look behind the metascoring process. Stuart wrote, the phenomenon, namely Metacritic and GameRankings, have become an enormously important element of online games journalism over the past few years. The ranging of metascores is, Metacritic is regarded as the foremost online review site for the video game industry. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal has written that Metacritic influence the sales of games and he explains its influence as coming from the higher cost of buying video games than music or movie tickets. Many executives say that low scores can hurt the sales potential. He claimed that a number of businesses and financial analysts use Metacritic as an early indicator of a games potential sales and, by extension. In 2004, Jason Hall of Warner Bros. began including quality metrics in contracts with partners licensing its movies for games, if a product does not at least achieve a specific score, some deals require the publisher to pay higher royalties. In 2008, Microsoft began using Metacritic averages to de-list underperforming Xbox Live Arcade games and these are the top 10 individual games with the highest scores on the site as of 2 April 2017
Metacritic
–
Metacritic
46.
Seattle International Film Festival
–
The Seattle International Film Festival, held annually in Seattle, Washington since 1976, is among the top film festivals in North America. Audiences have grown steadily, the 2006 festival had 160,000 attendees, the SIFF runs for more than three weeks, in May/June, and features a diverse assortment of predominantly independent and foreign films, and a strong contingent of documentaries. SIFF2006 included more than 300 films and was the first SIFF to include a venue in neighboring Bellevue, Washington, however, in 2008, the festival was back to being entirely in Seattle, and had a slight decrease in the number of feature films. The 2010 festival featured over 400 films, shown primarily in downtown Seattle and its neighborhoods, and in Renton, Kirkland. The festival began in 1976 at a then-independent cinema, the Moore Egyptian Theater, the first five festivals were held at The Moore Egyptian, now back under its earlier name the Moore Theater and functioning as a concert venue. When founders Dan Ireland and Darryl Macdonald of the Moore Egyptian lost their lease, the Egyptian theater remains a prime festival venue to this day, although the festival now typically uses about half a dozen cinemas, with the exact roster varying from year to year. During the 1980s, SIFF audiences developed a reputation for appreciating films that did not fit standard industry niches, SIFF was instrumental in the entry of Dutch films into the United States market, including the first major American debut for director Paul Verhoeven. The festival includes a component that is unique among film festivals. Those who attend the Secret Festival do not know in advance what they will see, in general, SIFF has a reputation as an audience festival rather than an industry festival. The festival often partially overlaps the Cannes Film Festival, which can reduce attendance by industry bigwigs, fifty youth from across the United States arrive in Seattle to then travel to a local Pacific Northwest reservation to create 4 films in 36 hours. The city contributed $150,000 to the $350,000 project and this auditorium was a flagship venue for SIFF festivals and the site of most press screenings. Shortly after the 2011 festival, SIFF moved its operations to the SIFF Film Center on the Seattle Center campus, the Film Center includes a 90-seat multi-use theater, multi-media classroom, exhibition spaces, archives, and offices for SIFF and the Film School. In October 2011, SIFF Cinema moved from McCaw Hall to its current location in the Uptown Theater, SIFF utilizes all three of the Uptowns three screens for year-round programming. SIFF currently has year round programming for four screens in Seattle, in May 2014 it was announced that SIFF had purchased the Uptown Theater, and would be leasing and renovating the Egyptian Theater from Seattle Central College. Since 1985, the Seattle International Film Festival has awarded the Golden Space Needle award each year to the festivals most popular movie, ballots are cast by audience members at the end of each movie
Seattle International Film Festival
–
Director
Kathryn Bigelow with SIFF Artistic Director Carl Spence - Photo by Matt Daniels
47.
Venice Film Festival
–
The film festival is part of the Venice Biennale, which was founded by the Venetian City Council in 1895. The film festival has taken place in late August or early September on the island of the Lido, Venice. Screenings take place in the historic Palazzo del Cinema on the Lungomare Marconi, since its inception the Venice Film Festival has grown into one of the most prestigious film festivals in the world. The 74th Venice International Film Festival is scheduled to be held from 30 August to 9 September 2017, the first edition of the Venice Film Festival was carried out from the 6 to the 21 of August in 1932. The festival began with an idea of the president of the Venice Biennale Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata and Luciano De Feo, with good reason, the festival was considered the first international event of its type, receiving strong support from authorities. This first edition was held on the terrace of the Hotel Excelsior on the Venice Lido, and at that stage it was not a competitive event. The very first film to be shown in the history of the Festival was Rouben Mamoulians Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, the second edition was held two years later, from 1 to 20 of August in 1934. For the first time it included a competition, at least 19 countries took part with over 300 accredited journalists. The Mussolini Cup was introduced for best foreign film and best Italian film, other awards were the Great Gold Medals of the National Fascist Association for Entertainment to best actor and actress. The prize for best foreign film went to Robert J. Flahertys Man of Aran and was a confirmation of the taste of the time for auteur documentaries, starting in 1935, the Festival became a yearly event under the direction of Ottavio Croze. The actors award was renamed Volpi Cup, in 1936 an international jury was nominated for the first time and in 1937 the new Cinema Palace, designed by the architect Luigi Quagliata, was inaugurated. The 1940s represent one of the most difficult moments for the review, the conclusion of the Second World War divides the decade in two. Before 1938 political pressures distorted and ruined the festival, in addition, few countries participated and there was an absolute monopoly of institutions and directors that were members of the Rome-Berlin Axis. The festival resumed full speed in 1946, after the war, with the return of normalcy, Venice once again became a great icon of the film world. In 1947 the festival was held at the Doges Palace, a most magnificent backdrop for hosting a record 90 thousand participants, surely it can be considered one of the greatest editions in the history of the festival. For the next twenty years the festival continued its development and expansion in accordance with the plan set in motion after the war. In 1963 the winds of change blow strongly during Luigi Chiarini’s directorship of the festival, during the years of his presidency, Chiarini aspired to renew the spirit and the structures of the festival, pushing for a total reorganization of the entire system. The social and political unrest of 1968 had strong repercussions on the Venice Bienniale, from 1969 to 1979 no prizes were awarded and the festival returned to the non-competitiveness of the first edition
Venice Film Festival
–
Venice Cinema Palace in 2009
Venice Film Festival
–
Venice Film Festival
Venice Film Festival
–
The
Doge's Palace in
Piazza San Marco hosted the 1947 edition.
Venice Film Festival
–
The 65th Venice International Film Festival
48.
Rotten Tomatoes
–
Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa
Rotten Tomatoes
–
60–100%
Rotten Tomatoes
Rotten Tomatoes
–
≤0-59%
49.
Jeremy Renner
–
Jeremy Lee Renner is an American actor and singer. Throughout the 2000s, Renner appeared largely in independent films such as Dahmer and he also appeared in supporting roles in bigger films such as S. W. A. T. and 28 Weeks Later. He then turned in a performance in The Town, for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Renner was born in Modesto, California, to mother Valerie Cearley and father Lee Renner, who managed McHenry Bowl and his parents married as teenagers and divorced when he was ten. He is the oldest of seven siblings and his ancestry includes German, English, Scottish, Swedish, Irish, and Panamanian. Beyer High School in Modesto in 1989 and he attended Modesto Junior College, where he studied computer science and criminology, before he took a drama class as an elective and decided to pursue acting. Renners film debut came in 1995 when he played a student in the cult favorite National Lampoons Senior Trip. Over the next few years, Renner had guest roles in Zoe, Duncan, Jack and Jane, The Net, The Time of Your Life, Renner also had a small role on an episode of CSI, Crime Scene Investigation in 2001. In between acting roles, Renner worked as a makeup artist to make ends meet, in 2002, Renner had a starring role in the film Dahmer playing serial-killer Jeffrey Dahmer. He found the role a challenge to cope with after he had finished shooting after seeing how easily Dahmer took advantage of his victims and his performance was well received, and he gained a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Male. He also appeared in Pinks 2003 music video for her song Trouble as a Bad Boy Sheriff. Renner went on to appear in S. W. A. T. as the former partner of Colin Farrells character in 2003. In 2005, Renner starred with Julia Stiles and Forest Whitaker in A Little Trip to Heaven, with roles in North Country and 12 and he next starred as a neo-Nazi skinhead who is admitted into a psychiatric hospital in Neo Ned opposite Gabrielle Union. The film won all of the awards it was nominated for at festivals, Renner also had a small role in skateboard film Lords of Dogtown as the manager of Emile Hirschs character. In 2006 he starred with Ginnifer Goodwin in Love Comes to the Executioner and he appeared alongside Minnie Driver in Take and guest starred as a patient in an episode of House as a reckless rock musician. Renner had a role in the pilot of The Oaks but the series was not picked up, the role earned him several awards in the Best Actor category and his first Academy Award nomination for Best Actor as well a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination. He also gained his first Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actor, the Hollywood Reporter named Renner as one of the young male actors who are pushing – or being pushed into taking over Hollywood as the new A-List. In 2011, Renner had a cameo appearance as Hawkeye in Thor for familiarity with his character for The Avengers
Jeremy Renner
–
Renner at the 2014
San Diego Comic-Con International
Jeremy Renner
–
Renner at the Hansel and Gretel: Witch Hunters premiere in 2013
50.
Brian Geraghty
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He appeared as a regular on NBCs Chicago P. D. from 2014 to 2016. Geraghty was born in Toms River, New Jersey, and is of Irish descent and he graduated from Toms River High School East in 1993 and then the Neighborhood Playhouse School of Theatre before beginning his professional career in New York City, he later moved to Los Angeles. Geraghty was featured in a role in the crime drama The Sopranos. Feature roles soon followed, in pictures as Jarhead, Bobby, The Guardian, We Are Marshall. He also appeared on the January 6,2010, episode of Law & Order, Special Victims Unit, Quickie, in 2013, he portrayed Agent Knox on the HBO crime drama series Boardwalk Empire. In August 2014, Geraghty was cast as a regular on the second season of the NBC procedural Chicago P. D. playing Sean Roman. In his free time, Geraghty enjoys surfing, brian Geraghty at the Internet Movie Database
Brian Geraghty
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Geraghty at the 2010
Tribeca Film Festival
Brian Geraghty
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Geraghty with actor
Jeremy Renner, April 2010
