1.
Liverpool
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Liverpool is a major city and metropolitan borough in North West England.24 million people in 2011. Liverpool historically lay within the ancient hundred of West Derby in the south west of the county of Lancashire and it became a borough from 1207 and a city from 1880. In 1889 it became a county borough independent of Lancashire, Liverpool sits on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary and its growth as a major port is paralleled by the expansion of the city throughout the Industrial Revolution. Along with general cargo, freight, raw materials such as coal and cotton, the city was also directly involved in the Atlantic slave trade. Liverpool was home to both the Cunard and White Star Line, and was the port of registry of the ocean liner RMS Titanic and others such as the RMS Lusitania, Queen Mary, and Olympic. The city celebrated its 800th anniversary in 2007, and it held the European Capital of Culture title together with Stavanger, Norway, several areas of Liverpool city centre were granted World Heritage Site status by UNESCO in 2004. The Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City includes the Pier Head, Albert Dock, tourism forms a significant part of the citys economy. Liverpool is also the home of two Premier League football clubs, Liverpool and Everton, matches between the two being known as the Merseyside derby, the world-famous Grand National horse race takes place annually at Aintree Racecourse on the outskirts of the city. The city is home to the oldest Black African community in the country. Natives of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians and colloquially as Scousers, a reference to scouse, the word Scouse has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Pool is a place name element in England from the Brythonic word for a pond, inlet, or pit, cognate with the modern Welsh. The derivation of the first element remains uncertain, with the Welsh word Llif as the most plausible relative and this etymology is supported by its similarity to that of the archaic Welsh name for Liverpool Llynlleifiad. Other origins of the name have suggested, including elverpool. The name appeared in 1190 as Liuerpul, and it may be that the place appearing as Leyrpole, in a record of 1418. King Johns letters patent of 1207 announced the foundation of the borough of Liverpool, the original street plan of Liverpool is said to have been designed by King John near the same time it was granted a royal charter, making it a borough. The original seven streets were laid out in an H shape, Bank Street, Castle Street, Chapel Street, Dale Street, Juggler Street, Moor Street, in the 17th century there was slow progress in trade and population growth. Battles for the town were waged during the English Civil War, in 1699 Liverpool was made a parish by Act of Parliament, that same year its first slave ship, Liverpool Merchant, set sail for Africa. Since Roman times, the city of Chester on the River Dee had been the regions principal port on the Irish Sea
2.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
3.
Indie rock
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Indie rock is a genre of alternative rock that originated in the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Originally used to independent record labels, the term became associated with the music they produced and was initially used interchangeably with alternative rock. In the mid-1980s, the term began to be used to describe the music produced on punk and post-punk labels. Some prominent indie rock record labels were founded during the 1980s, during the 1990s, Grunge bands broke into the mainstream, and the term alternative lost its original counter-cultural meaning. The term indie rock became associated with the bands and genres that remained dedicated to their independent status, by the end of the 1990s indie rock developed subgenres and related styles including lo-fi, noise pop, emo, slowcore, post-rock and math rock. In the 2000s, changes in the industry and in music technology enabled a new wave of indie rock bands to achieve mainstream success. In the early 2000s, a new group of bands played a stripped-down. The commercial breakthrough from these scenes was led by four bands, The Strokes, The White Stripes, The Hives, emo also broke into mainstream culture in the early 2000s. By the end of the 2000s the proliferation of bands was being referred to as indie landfill. The term indie rock, which comes from independent, describes the small and relatively low-budget labels on which it is released, the influences and styles of the artists have been extremely diverse, including punk, psychedelia, post-punk and country. Allmusic identifies indie rock as including a number of varying musical approaches compatible with mainstream tastes, in fact, there is an everlasting list of genres and subgenres of indie rock. Many countries have developed a local indie scene, flourishing with bands with enough popularity to survive inside the respective country. However, there are still indie bands that start off locally, Indie rock has been identified as a reaction against the macho culture that developed in alternative rock in the aftermath of Nirvanas success. However, Cortney Harding pointed out that this sense of equality is not reflected in the number of women running indie labels. The BBC documentary Music for Misfits, The Story of Indie pinpoints the birth of indie as the 1977 self-publication of the Spiral Scratch EP by Manchester band Buzzcocks, Indie pop and indie were originally synonymous. In the mid-1980s, indie began to be used to describe the music produced on post-punk labels rather than the labels themselves. The indie rock scene in the US was prefigured by the rock that dominated college radio playlists. In the United States, the term was associated with the abrasive, distortion-heavy sounds of the Pixies, Hüsker Dü, Minutemen, Meat Puppets, Dinosaur Jr
4.
Post-punk revival
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By the end of the decade, most of the bands had broken up, moved on to other projects or were on hiatus, although some bands returned to recording and touring in the 2010s. In the early 2000s, a new group of bands played a stripped down. They were variously characterised as part of a rock, new wave or post-punk revival. Influences ranged from blues, through new wave to grunge. The music ranged from the tracks of bands like Liars to the melodic pop songs of groups like the Sounds. There was an emphasis on rock authenticity that has seen as a reaction to the commercialism of MTV-oriented nu metal, hip hop. Because the bands came from across the globe, cited influences and adopted differing styles of dress. For historian of garage rock Eric James Abbey, these were diverse bands that appropriated, or been given, the label garage to gain a degree of credibility. There were attempts to revive garage rock and elements of punk in the 1980s and 1990s, the Detroit rock scene included the Von Bondies, Electric Six, the Dirtbombs and the Detroit Cobras, while New Yorks included Radio 4, Liars, Yeah Yeah Yeahs and the Rapture. Billy Childish and The Buff Medways from the United Kingdom, the Noise Conspiracy from Sweden, New wave was a term adopted in the aftermath of punk rock to describe a generation of bands who generally pursued a more commercially successful punk-influenced sound. Major acts included Talking Heads, Devo, the Cars, the Go-Gos, the Pretenders, Elvis Costello and skinny tie bands like Blondie, in the mid-1990s, notable bands in this vein included Six Finger Satellite, Brainiac and Elastica. American band Satisfact was also considered as an example of the new wave revival sound. Music critic Simon Reynolds noted that bands like the Rapture and Franz Ferdinand were influenced by the more angular strain of post-punk, particularly such as Wire. Others identified this movement as another wave of garage rock revivalism, with NME in 2003 designating it a new rock revolution. According to music critic Jim DeRogatis, the Strokes, the White Stripes, both the Strokes and the White Stripes obtained their initial commercial success in the UK, before achieving recognition in the US and elsewhere. They were christened by the media as the The bands, and dubbed the saviours of rock n roll, prompting Rolling Stone magazine to declare on its September 2002 cover, Rock is Back. The attention in the press in turn led to accusations of hype, according to Simon Reynolds, apart from maybe the White Stripes, none could really be described as retro. In the wake of this attention existing acts like Yeah Yeah Yeahs were able to sign to major record labels, from the UK were Franz Ferdinand, Bloc Party, Maxïmo Park, Editors, the Cribs, the Libertines, the Fratellis, Razorlight and Kaiser Chiefs
5.
Post-Britpop
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Many bands in the post-Britpop era avoided the Britpop label while still producing music derived from it. The music of most bands was guitar based, often mixing elements of British traditional rock, particularly the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, bands from the era utilized specific elements from 1970s British rock and pop music. This, beside a greater willingness to woo the American press and fans and they have been seen as presenting the image of the rock star as an ordinary person, or boy-next-door and their increasingly melodic music was criticised for being bland or derivative. Bands that had enjoyed success during the mid-1990s, but were not really part of the Britpop scene, included The Verve. After the decline of Britpop they began to more critical. Travis, also from Glasgow, were one of the first major bands to emerge in the post-Britpop era. Although garnering some attention, they did not break through in the US. Also from Wales were Feeder, who were more influenced by American post-grunge, producing a hard rock sound that led to their breakthrough single Buck Rogers. These acts were followed by a number of bands who shared aspects of their music, including Snow Patrol, from Northern Ireland and Elbow, Embrace, Starsailor, Doves and Keane from England. However, a number of the bands of this era, particularly Travis, Stereophonics and Coldplay, continued to record and enjoy commercial success into the new millennium. Bands in the era have been credited with revitalising the British rock music scene in the late 1990s and 2000s. They have also criticised for providing a homogenised and conformist version of Britpop that serves as music for TV soundtracks, shopping malls, bars
6.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
7.
House music
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House music is a genre of electronic music created by club DJs and music producers in Chicago in the early 1980s. Early house music was characterized by repetitive 4/4 beats, rhythms mainly provided by drum machines, off-beat hi-hat cymbals. While house displayed several characteristics similar to music, it was more electronic and minimalistic. House music became popular in Chicago clubs in 1984 and it was pioneered by figures such as Frankie Knuckles, Phuture, Kym Mazelle, and Mr. Fingers, and was associated with African-American and gay subcultures. House music quickly spread to other American cities such as Detroit, New York City, Baltimore, in the mid-to-late 1980s, house music became popular in Europe as well as major cities in South America, and Australia. Since the early to mid-1990s, house music has been infused in mainstream pop, in the late 1980s, many local Chicago house music artists suddenly found themselves presented with major label deals. House music proved to be a successful genre and a more mainstream pop-based variation grew increasingly popular. House music has also fused with other genres creating fusion subgenres, such as euro house, tech house, electro house. After enjoying significant success in the early to mid-90s, house music grew even larger during the wave of progressive house. The genre has remained popular and fused into other subgenres, for example, ghetto house, deep house. As of 2016, house music popular in both clubs and in the mainstream pop scene while retaining a foothold on underground scenes across the globe. The song structure of music songs typically involves an intro, a chorus, various verse sections, a midsection. Some songs do not have a verse, taking a part from the chorus. The drum beat is one of the important elements within the genre and is almost always provided by an electronic drum machine rather than by a human drummer playing drumkit. The drum beats of house are four on the floor, with bass drums played on every beat, House music is often based on bass-heavy loops or basslines produced by a synthesizer and/or from samples of disco or funk songs. The tempo of most house songs is between 118 and 135 beats per minute, soul music and disco influenced house music. These artists produced longer, more repetitive, and percussive arrangements of existing disco recordings, early house producers such as Frankie Knuckles created similar compositions from scratch, using samplers, synthesizers, sequencers, and drum machines. Rachel Cain, co-founder of an influential Trax Records, was involved in the burgeoning punk scene and cites industrial
8.
Wichita Recordings
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Wichita Recordings is an independent record label located in London, founded in 2000 by Mark Bowen and Dick Green. Its most notable signees include Bloc Party, The Cribs, Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, Bright Eyes, My Morning Jacket, Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Best Coast, Los Campesinos. and Peter Bjorn and John. The label signed Clap Your Hands Say Yeah for a UK distribution deal for the debut album. They also signed the UK producers Simian Mobile Disco for the UK, the labels first release was the Bright Eyes album, Fevers and Mirrors, released in 2000
9.
V2 Records
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V2 Records is a record label that was purchased by Universal Music Group in 2007, and then by PIAS Entertainment Group in 2013. The label was founded in 1996 by Richard Branson, five years after he sold Virgin Records to EMI, the label was owned 95% by Morgan Stanley, the chief financier of the company, and 5% by Branson. Over the years V2 acquired Gee Street Records, Junior Boys Own, Blue Dog Records, the label also distributed many labels, such as WichitaWichita, Luaka Bop, City Slang and Modular. Stereophonics were the first band to sign to the label, V2 now operates in Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Netherlands, Spain, Ireland, Sweden, United Kingdom, and United States. It was distributed in the US by BMG, however it left for WEA shortly after the formation of Sony BMG. Its headquarters were located at 14 East 4th Street in Manhattan, the former US home of Island Records, in 2006 Branson sold V2 North America to Sheridan Square Entertainment LLC for $15 million. SSE then merged its label Artemis Records into V2 North America, the new label was effectively divested from the Virgin Group. On 12 January 2007, V2 North America announced that it was undergoing restructuring to focus on its back catalogue, as a result, their employees were let go and their roster of artists left as free agents. V2 Benelux was founded by Richard Branson in 1997 as part of the V2 International group with affiliates in USA, UK, Scandinavia, Germany, France, Italy and Benelux. In February 2007 the directors of V2 Benelux, Chris Boog and Tom Willinck, rounded off a management buy out together with their distributor. In August 2007, V2 Music Group was sold for £7 million to Universal Music Group, Cooperative Music has had significant success with various acts such as Fleet Foxes, Phoenix and The Black Keys. In 2009, the newly formed IndieBlu Music Holdings LLC acquired SSEs business, including V2 North America, IndieBlu was acquired by Entertainment One in 2010. In early 2013, PIAS acquired Cooperative Music from Universal Music Group, since its formation, PIAS Cooperative has had success with albums from Factory Floor, Temples, Maximo Park, John Grant, The Eels, and Midlake. Acoustic 07, an album released by V2 List of record labels Official website Cooperative Music
10.
Bloc Party
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Bloc Party are an English indie rock band, currently composed of Kele Okereke, Russell Lissack, Justin Harris and Louise Bartle. Former members Matt Tong and Gordon Moakes left the band in 2013 and 2015 respectively and their brand of music, whilst rooted in rock, retains elements of other genres such as electronica and house music. The band was formed at the 1999 Reading Festival by Okereke and they went through a variety of names before settling on Bloc Party in 2003. Moakes joined the band answering a advert in NME magazine. Bloc Party got their break by giving BBC Radio 1 DJ Steve Lamacq and Franz Ferdinands lead singer, Alex Kapranos, in February 2005, the band released their debut album Silent Alarm. It was critically acclaimed and was named Indie Album of the Year at the 2006 PLUG Awards and that year, the record was also certified platinum in Britain. In August 2008, Bloc Party released their third record, Intimacy which entered the UK Albums Chart at number eight. The band went on a hiatus in October 2009 to focus on side projects and they reunited in September 2011, and shortly thereafter released their fourth album, Four, which entered the UK Albums Chart at number three. In 2013, Bloc Party released their third EP titled The Nextwave Sessions in August, the bands fifth studio album, Hymns, the first to involve Harris and Bartle, was released on 29 January 2016. Bloc Party have sold over 3 million albums worldwide, Russell Lissack and Kele Okereke first met in 1998 in London. Lissack had attended Bancrofts School, while Okereke attended Ilford County High School, then Trinity Catholic High School and they bumped into each other again in 1999 at Reading Festival and decided to form a band. Bassist Gordon Moakes joined after answering an advert in NME, after going through a variety of names, such as Union, The Angel Range, and Diet, the band settled on Bloc Party in September 2003, a play on block party. The band has said that the name was not intended to be an allusion to the Soviet Bloc or the Canadian political party Bloc Québécois. However, Moakes said on the groups official Internet forum that it was more a merging of the eastern Blocs and he also notes that the name was not explicitly driven by politics, but rather it looked, sounded, seemed fine so we went with it. In November 2003, Bloc Party had their track The Marshals Are Dead featured on a compilation CD called The New Cross released by Angular Recording Corporation and they then released their debut single Shes Hearing Voices on the then fledgling record label Trash Aesthetics. Also in 2003 Bloc Party personally mailed Steve Aoki a 7-inch of the track “She’s Hearing Voices”, Dim Mak teamed up with VICE, a subsidiary of Atlantic Records, and entered a major label deal for the first time. Dim Mak and Atlantic later released Bloc Party’s critically acclaimed and commercially successful Silent Alarm in 2005. The band got their break after Okereke went to a Franz Ferdinand concert in 2003, Lamacq subsequently played the song on his radio show, labelling the track genius, and invited them to record a live session for the show
11.
Martin Solveig
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Martin Picandet, better known by his stage name Martin Solveig, is a French DJ, singer, songwriter and record producer. He also hosts a radio show called Cest La Vie on radio stations worldwide. His label is called Mixture Stereophonic, Solveig had been ranked number 29 in the 2011 DJ Mag. He has collaborated with Dragonette, Kele of Bloc Party, at the age of 18, he became a DJ and then started to work in famous Parisian nightclubs, LEnfer, Le Queen, Les Bains Douches. On 17 June 2002, Solveig released his studio album Sur la Terre. The album includes the singles Madan, Rocking Music and Im a Good Man, on 12 September 2005, he released his second studio album Hedonist, the album peaked to number 43 on the French Albums Chart. The album includes the singles Everybody, Jealousy, Something Better, on 2 June 2008, he released his third studio album Cest la Vie, the album peaked to number 16 on the French Albums Chart. Cest la Vie was released as the single from the album on 21 January 2008. I Want You was released as the single from the album on 15 September 2008. One 2.3 Four was released as the single from the album on 22 December 2008. Boys & Girls was released as the single from the album on 28 September 2009. On 6 September 2010, he released the single Hello with Dragonette as the single from his fifth studio album. It is Solveigs most successful single to date, peaking at one in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic. The song also peaked to number 13 on the UK Singles Chart, ready 2 Go was released as the second single from the album on 28 March 2011. He released his studio album Smash on 6 June 2011. In 2011, Solveig was officially named as one of the producers for Madonnas new studio album, on 24 October 2011, Big in Japan was released as the third single from the album. On 2 April 2012, The Night Out was released as the single from the album. Solveig was also made the in house DJ for the 2012 MTV Movie Awards where he paid homage to the themes from movies such as Pulp Fiction
12.
The Chemical Brothers
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The Chemical Brothers are an English electronic music duo composed of Tom Rowlands and Ed Simons, originating in Manchester in 1989. Along with The Prodigy, Fatboy Slim, The Crystal Method, in the UK, they have had six number one albums and 13 top 20 singles, including two number ones. Ed Simons was born in Herne Hill, South London on 9 June 1970 to a barrister mother, Simons two main interests when he was young were aeroplanes and musicals. Simons attended two South London public schools, Alleyns School and Dulwich College, during his school years, he developed a fondness for rare groove and hip hop music, having frequented a club called The Mud Club from the age of 14. By the time he left school, his two main interests were two Manchester bands, New Order and The Smiths. After finishing school with 11 O levels and three A levels, he continued on to history, especially late medieval history, at the University of Manchester. Tom Rowlands, a classmate of Simons, was born on 11 January 1971 in Kingston upon Thames. When Rowlands was very young, his family relocated to Henley-on-Thames and he later attended Reading Blue Coat School in Berkshire. In his early teens, his interest in music broadened to other genres and he described the first Public Enemy album as the record that probably changed his life, and commented that Miuzi Weighs a Ton was one of the most amazing tracks he had ever heard. Rowlands also started collecting hip hop records by artists like Eric B and Schoolly D. Rowlands left school with similar accomplishments to Simons, achieving nine O levels and three A levels. For university, he followed Simons to Manchester primarily to immerse himself in its music scene in general, Rowlands was also in a band called Ariel prior to meeting up with Simons. Ariel was formed in London by Rowlands and his friends Brendan Melck and their first single was Sea of Beats, which was essentially a white label. Before Philip Brown set up Echo Logik Records, their first promo was Bokadilo, other songs, released on 12, included Mustnt Grumble and their most well-known, Rollercoaster. After a year on Echo Logik they signed to the record label deConstruction and they insisted that they get a female singer and they recruited former Xpansions frontwoman Sally Ann Marsh, and after some disappointing songs like Let It Slide the band fell apart. One of the last things Ariel did was the song T Baby which was remixed by the pair, in regards to the remix, Ed stated that Ariel symbolically ended when Deconstruction asked us for a Dust Brothers remix of an Ariel track. That was the nail in the coffin. Tom would later say in a TV interview from 1995, One of the blokes went a bit mad, but now hes back at college, and the other one drives our van. Rowlands and Simons then started to DJ at a club called Naked Under Leather in the back of a pub in 1992, the pair would play hip hop, techno, and house
13.
Hercules and Love Affair
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Hercules and Love Affair is a dance music project created by American DJ Andy Butler in 2008. Consisting of a rotating cast of performers and musicians, the work within the genres of house music, disco, techno. Originally based in New York City, now based in Ghent, Belgium, Hercules and Love Affair were founded following Butlers collaboration with Anohni to produce the song Blind, which was a hit single. Initially signing to DFA Records, for their eponymous 2008 debut album, a new album is due in 2017. Andrew Butler was born and raised in Denver, Colorado, and has described growing up in a violent household without any role models and he developed an early love for Greek mythology, which later inspired him to name his band after the mythological hero of Hercules. Interested in music, he played the piano, and began composing classical pieces from the age of thirteen, Butlers interest switched to focus on dance music after buying a record by the band Yazoo. As he later related, I started DJing because I needed to get out of the house, I was, like, Take me to the club or theres going to be a really ugly situation at home today. I found a lot of freedom in the nightclub to express myself, I am a gay man and I grew up with a certain struggle and because of that, I have a story to tell. In the late 1990s, Butler moved to New York City to attend Sarah Lawrence College, in the city he befriended the musician Anohni—then working under her birth name of Antony Hegarty—and in 2004 convinced her to perform vocals for a song he had written, titled Blind. At the time, she described it as curious. In 2007, after Anohni had won the Mercury Prize for her work with Antony and the Johnsons, Butler approached her with the Blind demo, and they agreed to release it. Butler decided to do so under the name of Hercules and Love Affair because it reflected his interest in Greco-Roman mythology, it referenced Hercules, according to Butler, stayed on the island, looking for his boyfriend. I just thought this was super-beautiful, the strongest man on earth looking for his lost love, strong men can have strong feelings. And they can experience those feelings and experience pain and express pain —, DFA Records agreed to release the song, with DFA founder Tim Goldsworthy stating that We had slight reservations that ‘Blind’ would be a one-hit wonder. But then he played us some bits he had been playing around with at home, the single was first released in the United Kingdom in March 2007, where it made the Top 40. It was awarded Best Song of 2008 by Pitchfork Media and came in at sixth place in Resident Advisors Top 30 tracks of that year, while Entertainment Weekly called it the second best song of the year. At this point, Butler decided to establish Hercules and Love Affair as a musical project, stating his intent to release music with a rotating cast of performers. The bands self-titled debut album was released in Europe through DFAs parent company, EMI, however, although Anohni would appear on five of the albums tracks, she did not participate in the bands live performances
14.
Mononymous person
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A mononymous person is an individual who is known and addressed by a mononym, or single name. In some cases, that name has been selected by the individual, in other cases, it has been determined by the custom of the country or by some interested segment. In the case of historical figures, it may be the one of the individuals names that has survived and is still known today. The structure of persons names has varied across time and geography, in some societies, individuals have been mononymous, receiving only a single name. Alulim, first king of Sumer, is one of the earliest names known, Narmer, later, Biblical names were typically mononymous, as were names in the surrounding cultures of the Fertile Crescent. Mononyms in other ancient cultures include the Celtic queen Boudica and the Numidian king Jugurtha, however the historical record of eg Boudicca is scanty, and there is no evidence that she did not also have other names. Between Columbus arrival in the New World and the late 19th century, examples include Moctezuma, Anacaona, Agüeybaná, Diriangen, Urracá, Guamá, Atahualpa, Lempira, Lautaro, Tamanaco, Pocahontas, Auoindaon, Cangapol, and Tecumseh. Uniquely, the Dutch-Seneca diplomat Cornplanter received both a Seneca-language mononym from his mother and a name and surname from his father. His later descendants, such as Jesse Cornplanter, used Cornplanter as the name instead of Abeel. In the 19th century, most chiefs involved in the Apache Wars had mononym birth names, and some replaced those with mononymous nicknames, Geronimo, Victorio, Cochise, and so on. Since the medieval period, mononyms in the west have almost exclusively used to identify people who already had surnames. These nicknames were either adopted by the persons themselves or conferred by contemporaries, some French authors have shown a preference for mononyms. In the 17th century, the dramatist and actor Jean-Baptiste Poquelin took the stage name Molière. In the 18th century, François-Marie Arouet adopted the mononym Voltaire, the new name combined several features. Arouet would not have served the purpose, given that names associations with roué, in the 20th century, a fourth French writer, Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette, used her actual surname as her mononym pen name, Colette. Some French actors and singers have used their name or surname as a stage mononym. In the 17th and 18th centuries, most Italian castrato singers used mononyms as stage names, the German writer, mining engineer and philosopher, Georg Friedrich Philipp Freiherr von Hardenberg, became famous as Novalis. In 2002 Multatuli was proclaimed by the Society for Dutch Literature to have been the most important Dutch writer of all time, the Dutch writer Jan Hendrik Frederik Grönloh wrote under the pseudonym Nescio
15.
Lead vocalist
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The lead vocalist, lead vocals or lead singer in popular music is typically the member of a group or band whose voice is the most prominent in a performance where multiple voices may be heard. The lead singer either leads the ensemble, or sets against the ensemble as the dominant sound. In vocal group performances, notably in soul and gospel music, and early rock and roll, as an example in rock music, Mick Jagger is the lead singer of The Rolling Stones. Similarly in soul music, Smokey Robinson was the singer of The Miracles. The practice of using a lead singer in vocal groups, however, has a longer history, songs of the late nineteenth century frequently used a leading solo voice, followed by a choral response by other singers. From these various points - including Motown - it went on to become a device in much rock. In some bands - most famously, The Beatles - the role of lead singer alternated, while in others - for example, there are as many types and styles of lead singer as there are styles and genres of music. However, the singer of a group or band is usually the main focus of audiences attention. The lead vocalist of a band is called the front man or front woman. Pink Floyd also can be considered a band with two front men, as both the guitarist David Gilmour and the bassist Roger Waters sang and wrote most of the songs. In the beginning of the career, however, Pink Floyds lead singer and guitarist was Syd Barrett. Particularly before the 1970s, many bands were named for the leader or founder, rather than the lead singer, examples include the Dave Clark Five and Harold Melvin. In modern rock music, the singer is often, but not always, also the bands leader. While lead singers or spokespersons for any musical ensembles can be called a front man, since the position commonly has an expanded role from simple lead vocalists, there have been cases in which the front man for a band is someone other than the lead vocalist. In many bands, such as The Who, Fall Out Boy, Led Zeppelin, Living Colour, Queen and Oasis, usually, this is derived from that guitarists specific role as a co-songwriter, co-founder and/or co-vocalist. Also in some cases, there are two frontmen, such as Underoath, with singers Spencer Chamberlain and Aaron Gillespie sharing vocal duties, another example is Blink-182, in which vocal duties are split between bassist Mark Hoppus and guitarist Tom DeLonge. Hoppus usually carries out most media either by himself or together with DeLonge, linkin Park has two vocalists as well, Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda, both considered as frontmen. Another example is the metal band Metallica, in which James Hetfield
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Rhythm guitar
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Therefore, the basic technique of rhythm guitar is to hold down a series of chords with the fretting hand while strumming rhythmically with the other hand. More developed rhythm techniques include arpeggios, damping, riffs, chord solos, in big band music, the guitarist is considered part of the rhythm section, alongside bass and drums. In some musical situations, such as a solo singer-guitarist, the guitar accompaniment provides all the rhythmic drive, in the most commercially available and consumed genres, electric guitars tend to dominate their acoustic cousins in both the recording studio and the live venue. However the acoustic guitar remains a popular choice in country, western and especially bluegrass music, most rhythms in rock and blues are based on 4/4 time with a backbeat, however, many variations are possible. A backbeat is a syncopated accentuation on the off beat, in a simple 4/4 rhythm these are beats 2 and 4. This requires rhythm guitarists to have a knowledge of how to use chord voicings, riffs. Three-chord progressions are common in pop and rock, using various combinations of the I, IV and V chords. Minor and modal chord progressions feature in popular music. One departure from the basic strummed chord technique is to play arpeggios, if this is done rapidly enough, listeners will still hear the sequence as harmony rather than melody. Arpeggiation is often used in folk, country, and heavy metal and it is also prominent in 1960s pop, such as The Animals House of the Rising Sun, and jangle pop from the 1980s onwards. Rhythm guitarists who use arpeggio often favor semi-acoustic guitars and twelve string guitars to get bright, the Soukous band TPOK Jazz additionally featured the unique role of mi-solo, guitarist, playing arpeggio patterns and filling a role between the lead and rhythm guitars. In some cases, the progression is implied with a simplified sequence of two or three notes, sometimes called a riff, that is repeated throughout the composition. In heavy metal music, this is expanded to more complex sequences comprising a combination of chords, single notes. The rhythm guitar part in compositions performed by more technically oriented bands often include riffs employing complex lead guitar techniques, in bands with two or more guitarists, the guitarists may exchange or even duplicate roles for different songs or different sections within a song. In those with a single guitarist, the guitarist may play lead and rhythm at different times or simultaneously, some rhythm techniques cross over into lead guitar playing. In guitar-bass-and-drums power trios guitarists must double up between rhythm and lead, for instance Jimi Hendrix combined full chords with solo licks, double stops and arpeggios. A recent innovation is the use of a pedal to record a chord sequence or riff over which the lead line can then be played. As a result, rhythm and lead players may use different guitars and amplifiers, Rhythm guitarists may employ an electric acoustic guitar or a humbucker-equipped electric guitar for a richer and fatter output
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Roman Catholic
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The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
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Igbo people
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The Igbo people, also erroneously known as the Ibo people, are an indigenous linguistic and cultural people of southern Nigeria. Geographically, the Igbo homeland is divided into two sections by the Niger River – an eastern and a western section. They speak Igbo, which includes various Igboid languages and dialects, the Igbo homeland is almost surrounded on all sides by other ethnic peoples of southern and central Nigeria namely, the Ijaw, Edo, Isoko, Ogoni, Igala, Tiv, Yako, Idoma and Ibibio. The Igbo people are one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa, in rural Nigeria, Igbo people work mostly as craftsmen, farmers and traders. The most important crop is the yam, celebrations take place annually to celebrate its harvesting, other staple crops include cassava and taro. Before British colonial rule, the Igbo were a politically fragmented group, there were variations in culture such as in art styles, attire and religious practices. Various subgroups were organized by clan, lineage, village affiliation, there were not many centralized chiefdoms, hereditary aristocracy, or kingship customs except in kingdoms such as those of the Nri, Arochukwu, Agbor and Onitsha. This political system changed significantly under British colonialism in the early 20th century, the Igbo became overwhelmingly Christian under colonization. Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart is one of the most popular novels to depict Igbo culture, by the mid-20th century, the Igbo people developed a strong sense of ethnic identity. Certain conflicts with other Nigerian ethnicities led to Igbo-densely populated Eastern Nigeria seceding to create the independent state of Biafra, the Nigerian Civil War or the Nigerian-Biafran War broke out shortly after. With their defeat, the Republic of Biafra once again was part of Nigeria, MASSOB, a sectarian organization formed in 1999, continues a non-violent struggle for an independent Igbo state. Due to the effects of migration and the Atlantic slave trade, there are descendant ethnic Igbo populations in such as Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea. Their exact population outside Africa is unknown, but today many African Americans, according to Liberian historians the fifth president of Liberia Edward James Roye was of Igbo descent. The Igbo people have had fragmented and politically independent communities, before knowledge of Europeans and full exposure to other neighbouring ethnic groups, the Igbo did not have a strong identity as one people. As in the case of most ethnic groups, the British, Chinua Achebe, among other scholars, challenged this because of its negative connotations and possible wrong definition. He suggested defining the Igbo people as a nation although the Igbo do not have an officially recognized state of their own. The most common name for the Igbo in English was formerly Ibo and they have also been known as the Iboe, Ebo, Eboe, Eboans, or Heebo. Their territory and main settlement have also been known by their name
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Nigeria
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Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Nigeria is officially a democratic secular country. Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia, the modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms, Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970. Nigeria is often referred to as the Giant of Africa, owing to its large population, with approximately 184 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world, Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as native to the Igbo. As of 2015, Nigeria is the worlds 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and it overtook South Africa to become Africas largest economy in 2014. The 2013 debt-to-GDP ratio was 11 percent, Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globes next BRIC-like economies. It is also listed among the Next Eleven economies set to become among the biggest in the world, Nigeria is a founding member of the African Union and a member of many other international organizations, including the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations and OPEC. The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country and this name was coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later married Lord Lugard, a British colonial administrator. The origin of the name Niger, which applied only to the middle reaches of the Niger River, is uncertain. The word is likely an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. The Nok civilisation of Northern Nigeria flourished between 500 BC and AD200, producing life-sized terracotta figures which are some of the earliest known sculptures in Sub-Saharan Africa, further north, the cities Kano and Katsina have a recorded history dating to around 999 AD. Hausa kingdoms and the Kanem-Bornu Empire prospered as trade posts between North and West Africa, the Kingdom of Nri of the Igbo people consolidated in the 10th century and continued until it lost its sovereignty to the British in 1911. Nri was ruled by the Eze Nri, and the city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture, Nri and Aguleri, where the Igbo creation myth originates, are in the territory of the Umeuri clan. Members of the clan trace their lineages back to the patriarchal king-figure Eri, in West Africa, the oldest bronzes made using the lost-wax process were from Igbo Ukwu, a city under Nri influence. The Yoruba kingdoms of Ife and Oyo in southwestern Nigeria became prominent in the 12th and 14th centuries, the oldest signs of human settlement at Ifes current site date back to the 9th century, and its material culture includes terracotta and bronze figures
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Midwife
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A midwife is a professional in midwifery, specializing in pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, womens sexual and reproductive health, and newborn care. In many parts of the world, these work in tandem to provide care to childbearing women. In others, only the midwife is available to provide care, many developing countries are investing money and training for midwives as these services are needed all over the world. Some primary care services are currently lacking due to the shortage of money being funded for these resources, a study performed by Melissa Cheyney and colleagues followed approximately 17,000 planned home births with the assistance of midwives. 93. 6% of these families had a normal physiological birth, in 2013, the rate of Cesarean sections in hospitals in the United States was 32. 7%, which is double the rate that World Health Organization recommends. The word derives from Old English mid, with and wif, woman, and thus originally meant with-woman, that is, the word is used to refer to both male and female midwives. The midwife has an important task in health counselling and education, not only for the woman, but also within the family and this work should involve antenatal education and preparation for parenthood and may extend to women’s health, sexual or reproductive health and child care. A midwife may practise in any setting including the home, community, hospitals, the postgraduate midwifery programs lead to masters degrees in midwifery. There are also postgraduate midwifery programs leading to a degree or equivalent qualification in midwifery. Midwives in Australia must be registered with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency in order to practice midwifery, Practice Midwives work in a number of settings including hospitals, birthing centres, community centres and women’s homes. They may be employed by health services or organisations, or self-employed as privately practising midwives, all midwives are expected to work within a defined scope of practice and conform to ongoing regulatory requirements that ensure they are safe and autonomous practitioners. Professional associations/colleges Australian College of Midwives, Midwifery was reintroduced as a regulated profession in most of Canadas ten provinces in the 1990s. Midwifery legislation has recently been proclaimed in New Brunswick and Newfoundland, only Prince Edward Island and Yukon have no legislation in place for the practice of midwifery. Education, training and regulation The undergraduate midwifery programs are four-year full-time university programs leading to degrees in midwifery. In British Columbia, the program is offered at the University of British Columbia, mount Royal University in Calgary, Alberta offers a Bachelor of Midwifery program. In Ontario, the Midwifery Education Program is offered by a consortium of McMaster University, Ryerson University, in Manitoba the program is offered by University College of the North. In Quebec, the program is offered at the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, in northern Quebec and Nunavut, Inuit women are being educated to be midwives in their own communities. There are Bridging programs for internationally educated midwives in Ontario at Ryerson University, a federally funded pilot project called the Multi-jurisdictional Midwifery Bridging Program has been offered in Western Canada in the past, but funding for that is no longer in place
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Molecular biology
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Writing in Nature in 1961, William Astbury described molecular biology as. It is concerned particularly with the forms of biological molecules and is predominantly three-dimensional and structural—which does not mean, however and it must at the same time inquire into genesis and function. Researchers in molecular biology use specific techniques native to molecular biology but increasingly combine these techniques and ideas from genetics. There is not a line between these disciplines. Biochemists focus heavily on the role, function, and structure of biomolecules, the study of the chemistry behind biological processes and the synthesis of biologically active molecules are examples of biochemistry. Genetics is the study of the effect of differences on organisms. This can often be inferred by the absence of a normal component, the study of mutants – organisms which lack one or more functional components with respect to the so-called wild type or normal phenotype. Genetic interactions can often confound simple interpretations of such knockout studies, molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the processes of replication, transcription, translation, and cell function. This picture, however, is undergoing revision in light of emerging novel roles for RNA, much of molecular biology is quantitative, and recently much work has been done at its interface with computer science in bioinformatics and computational biology. In the early 2000s, the study of structure and function. There is also a tradition of studying biomolecules from the ground up in biophysics. One of the most basic techniques of molecular biology to study protein function is molecular cloning, in this technique, DNA coding for a protein of interest is cloned using PCR and/or restriction enzymes into a plasmid. A vector has 3 distinctive features, an origin of replication, a multiple cloning site, the origin of replication will have promoter regions upstream from the replication/transcription start site. This plasmid can be inserted into either bacterial or animal cells, introducing DNA into bacterial cells can be done by transformation via uptake of naked DNA, conjugation via cell-cell contact or by transduction via viral vector. Introducing DNA into eukaryotic cells, such as cells, by physical or chemical means is called transfection. Several different transfection techniques are available, such as calcium phosphate transfection, electroporation, microinjection, the plasmid may be integrated into the genome, resulting in a stable transfection, or may remain independent of the genome, called transient transfection. DNA coding for a protein of interest is now inside a cell, a variety of systems, such as inducible promoters and specific cell-signaling factors, are available to help express the protein of interest at high levels. Large quantities of a protein can then be extracted from the bacterial or eukaryotic cell, polymerase chain reaction is an extremely versatile technique for copying DNA
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Ilford County High School
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Ilford County High School is a selective secondary grammar school for boys located in the Barkingside area of the London Borough of Redbridge. It was formerly called Park High Grade School and as an old boys are referred to as Old Parkonians. ICHS is an entry school, each form comprising up to 30 pupils. Originally one of a number of schools in the London Borough of Redbridge. Admission at 11+ takes place through tests administered by the borough as local education authority, there is also opportunity for admission at 16+, directly into the sixth form, but the majority of places each year are taken up by existing students of the lower school. In 2004/5, there were 843 pupils, including 245 in the sixth form, the Headmaster, from 1993, was Mr S I Devereux who retired in December 2009. From January 2010 to 18 April 2010 Mrs Carole Jordan became Acting Head Teacher, on 19 April 2010, Mr Michael Capon officially became the new Headmaster of Ilford County High School. He was previously Deputy Headteacher of St Martins School, Brentwood, Mr Capon retired from the school in July 2014 after only four years of service to the school. He was succeeded by Mrs Rebecca Drysdale as Acting Head Teacher at first, while her position of Deputy Head was accepted on a basis by Mrs Foucher. Mrs Drysdale is the female acting head teacher in Ilford County High Schools history. On 28 April 2015 Mrs Drysdales appointment to the post was confirmed by the governors as substantive, Mrs Foucher and Mr Streatfield were appointed substantive Deputy Headteachers following interviews held on 12 June 2015. The school was founded in 1901 in Balfour Road, Ilford as Park Higher Grade School, before moving to its present site on Fremantle Road, Barkingside in 1935. The ground floor of the building in Balfour Road is today used as an annex for the adjoining Christchurch Primary School. Although there once existed several selective grammar schools in the area, the girls section split off in 1929 to a new site in Cranbrook Road, where the school was known as Ilford County High School for Girls. Following the conversion of the school to being part of a co-educational school. In recent times, it has become the school of Trinity Catholic High School. The Old Parkonians Association was founded as an association of former pupils of the Ilford County High School, the chairman of the Association is Edward Lennard. The Association has two affiliated sports clubs, the Old Parkonians Football Club & the Oakfield Parkonians Cricket Club, Old Parkonians FC currently has nine senior teams, all of which compete in the Southern Amateur League
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Trinity Catholic High School, Woodford Green
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Trinity Catholic High School is a co-educational, Catholic comprehensive school located in Woodford Green, Greater London, England. It is split between two sites, with Upper Site on Mornington Road and the Lower Site on Sydney Road. Upper Site is split into different houses, Trinity House, Keswick House, Rackham House, Monteluce House, Pelham House, Grainger House, St Josephs House, Vincent House and Becket House. Lower Site is just one building, but with a science laboratory in the playground called the Padua Centre. There are approximately 1750 pupils, with year of 240 pupils divided into eight form classes. For over 30 years, the Headmaster has been Dr Paul C, the schools motto is based on Christs maxim, Love each other as we love ourselves. The two directors of site are Mr. Matthew Dalton and Mr. James Cantwell, the school was formed after the amalgamation of two schools in 1976, Holy Family Convent School and St Pauls Catholic Secondary School. The school has been judged as Outstanding, grade 1, by Ofsted on five Occasions, in 2009 Ofsted Report Trinity was once again rated 1 – outstanding. In 1997 Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector for schools in his annual report described Trinity as Grade 1 – an outstandingly successful school, in May 1999, the Department for Education and Employment nominated Trinity Catholic High School as a Beacon School to show good practice both locally and nationally. Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector –2000 annual report – Trinity Catholic High School has again been nominated as an outstanding school, in March 2006 Ofsted again judged the school to be Grade 1 – outstanding. The school in Mornington Road, Woodford Green, scored maximum possible marks in 22 out of 25 categories with a team who spent two days in the school at the start of this month. In their report, inspectors wrote, There is a clear vision, the outstanding and consistent leadership of the headmaster over a quarter of a century is complemented by the exceptional management of senior and middle leaders. The report noted that a proportion of students gained the highest grades at GCSE. Headteacher Paul Doherty wrote, My warmest congratulations to all for a marvellous, current head of Ofsted, Michael Wilshaw, was previously a deputy head at the school. Http, //www. ofsted. gov. uk/oxcare_providers/urn_search. urn=102860&type=2&submit=Go http, //www. trinity. redbridge. sch. uk/ Trinity Catholic High School http, //www. bucksfreepress. co. uk/news/712569. 0/
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Bethnal Green
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Bethnal Green is a district mostly in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and partly in the London Borough of Hackney. Located 3.3 miles northeast of Charing Cross, it was historically a hamlet in the ancient parish of Stepney, the parish became the Metropolitan Borough of Bethnal Green in 1900 and the population peaked in 1901, entering a period of steady decline which lasted until 1981. Some 173 people were killed at an incident at Bethnal Green tube station in 1943. Bethnal Green has formed part of Greater London since 1965, the place-name Blithehale or Blythenhale, the earliest form of Bethnal Green, is derived from the Anglo-Saxon healh and blithe, or from a personal name Blitha. Nearby Cambridge Heath, is unconnected with Cambridge and may derive from an Anglo-Saxon personal name. The area was marshland and forest which, as Bishopswood. Over time, the name became Bethan Hall Green, which, a Tudor ballad, the Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green, tells the story of an ostensibly poor man who gave a surprisingly generous dowry for his daughters wedding. The tale furnishes the parish of Bethnal Greens coat of arms, the Blind Beggar public house in Whitechapel is reputed to be the site of his begging. Boxing has an association with Bethnal Green. Daniel Mendoza, who was champion of England from 1792 to 1795 though born in Aldgate, since then numerous boxers have been associated with the area, and the local leisure centre, York Hall, remains notable for presentation of boxing bouts. He was a capable pastoral visitor and established a parochial school, after examining the text of the sermon, the Bishop of London condemned it as containing erroneous and dangerous notions. As a result, the bishop sent Woodard to be a curate in Clapton, the Green and Poors Land is the area of open land now occupied by Bethnal Green Library, the V&A Museum of Childhood and St Johns Church, designed by John Soane. In Stows Survey of London the hamlet was called Blethenal Green and it was one of the hamlets included in the Manor of Stepney and Hackney. From that date, the trust has administered the land and its books are kept in the London Metropolitan Archives. Bethnal House, or Kirbys Castle, was the house on the Green. One of its owners was Sir Hugh Platt, author of books on gardening, under its next owner it was visited by Samuel Pepys. In 1727 it was leased to Matthew Wright and for almost two centuries it was an asylum and its two most distinguished inmates were Alexander Cruden, compiler of the Concordance to the Bible, and the poet Christopher Smart. Cruden recorded his experience in The London Citizen Grievously Injured and Smarts stay there is recorded by his daughter, records of the asylum are kept in the annual reports of the Commissioner in Lunacy
25.
Bancroft's School
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Bancrofts School is a co-educational independent school located in Woodford Green, London Borough of Redbridge. The school currently has around 1,000 pupils aged between 7 and 18, around 200 of whom are pupils of the Preparatory School and 800 of whom are pupils of the Senior School. In 2015, 93% of all GCSEs taken were at grade A*-A giving Bancrofts a independent league table position of 14 according to the Telegraph newspaper. The school was founded in 1737, following the 1728 death of Francis Bancroft, who bequeathed a sum of money to the Drapers Company. Bancrofts began in the Mile End Road in Londons East End as a small day school for boys. The foundation was known as Bancrofts Hospital and until the late 19th century also acted as home for almsmen who had been freemen of the Company of Drapers. In 1884 the almshouse was abolished and the moved to a new site at Woodford Green and the original buildings were demolished. The current school location in Woodford Green occupies four and a half acres, and the buildings were designed by Arthur Blomfield. Originally there were just a hundred pupils, including sixty boarders, the numbers grew steadily during the twentieth century until there were nearly one thousand on the roll. Following the Education Act 1944, Bancrofts became a direct grant grammar school, however, the removal of this status in the 1970s prompted the governors to decide on three courses of action, to discontinue boarding, to admit girls for the first time and become fully independent. Some years later the decision was taken to build a new preparatory school. These were all completed by 1990, the school now takes half its pupils from age 7 and these awards are means-tested, and can be worth the entire school fee. In 2004, a new building programme began. In 2009, a conversion of the old gymnasium into a modern Drama Centre was finished with students enjoying the new facilities available, a large new building for the preparatory school and a second floor in the historic library for additional computer usage was completed in 2010. In 2011, an extension to the recently-built 6th form block comprising a number of new facilities including a separate 6th form library was completed, the school also continues to invest heavily in its IT infrastructure with the roll-out of new hardware and software systems in 2007. Mary Ireland became headmistress in January 2008, succeeding Peter Scott and she last worked at Christs Hospital, where she was deputy head to Peter Southern, himself a previous headmaster at Bancrofts. It was announced in October 2015 that Mary Ireland would be succeeded by Simon Marshall as Head following the 2015-2016 academic year, the school team, led by teacher Kevin Gallagher won the Kids Lit Quiz in 2009 at the world final in South Africa. Preparatory School Senior School The Preparatory School was founded in 1990 after the school had converted from a direct grant grammar to an independent school
26.
King's College London
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Kings College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom, and a founding constituent college of the federal University of London. Kings was established in 1829 by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington, in 1836, Kings became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London. It is a member of organisations such as the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the European University Association. Kings has five campuses, its main campus on the Strand in central London. In 2015/16, Kings had an income of £738.4 million, of which £193.2 million was from research grants and contracts and as of 2014/15. It has the fifth largest endowment of any university in the United Kingdom, and its academic activities are organised into nine faculties which are subdivided into numerous departments, centres and research divisions. Kings is home to six Medical Research Council centres and is a member of the Kings Health Partners academic health sciences centre, Francis Crick Institute. Kings College London, so named to indicate the patronage of King George IV, was founded in 1829 in response to the controversy surrounding the founding of London University in 1826. The need for such an institution was a result of the religious and social nature of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, which then educated solely the sons of wealthy Anglicans. The secular nature of London University was disapproved by The Establishment, indeed, thus, the creation of a rival institution represented a Tory response to reassert the educational values of The Establishment. Winchilsea and about 150 other contributors withdrew their support of Kings College London in response to Wellingtons support of Catholic emancipation. In a letter to Wellington he accused the Duke to have in mind insidious designs for the infringement of our liberty, the letter provoked a furious exchange of correspondence and Wellington accused Winchilsea of imputing him with disgraceful and criminal motives in setting up Kings College London. The result was a duel in Battersea Fields on 21 March 1829, Winchilsea did not fire, a plan he and his second almost certainly decided upon before the duel, Wellington took aim and fired wide to the right. Accounts differ as to whether Wellington missed on purpose, Wellington, noted for his poor aim, claimed he did, other reports more sympathetic to Winchilsea claimed he had aimed to kill. Honour was saved and Winchilsea wrote Wellington an apology, duel Day is still celebrated on the first Thursday after 21 March every year, marked by various events throughout Kings, including reenactments. Kings opened in October 1831 with the cleric William Otter appointed as first principal, despite the attempts to make Kings Anglican-only, the initial prospectus permitted, nonconformists of all sorts to enter the college freely. William Howley, the governors and the professors, except the linguists, had to be members of the Church of England but the students did not, though attendance at chapel was compulsory. Kings was divided into a department and a junior department, also known as Kings College School
27.
Reading and Leeds Festivals
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The Reading and Leeds Festivals are a pair of annual rock music festivals that take place in Reading and Leeds in England. The events take place simultaneously on the Friday, Saturday and Sunday of the August bank holiday weekend, the Reading Festival is held at Little Johns Farm on Richfield Avenue in central Reading, near the Caversham Bridge. The Leeds event is held in Bramham Park, near Wetherby, campsites are available at both sites and weekend tickets include camping. It has had various musical phases over the years, as detailed below, in the twin-site era, rock, alternative, indie, punk and metal have tended to dominate. The festivals are run by Festival Republic, which was divested from Mean Fiddler Music Group, for promotional purposes during 1998–2007 they were known as the Carling Weekend, Reading and the Carling Weekend, Leeds. These titles were used when not required, although NME were contractually obliged to do so as part of their involvement. In November 2007, the organisers welcomed Reading Festival reclaiming its prestigious name when the title was abolished after 9 years. In 2011, the capacity of the Reading site was 87,000 and this was an increase of several thousand on previous years. The festival typically has the following stages, Main stage – major rock, indie, metal, nME/Radio 1 stage – less well-known acts, building up to an alternative headline act. Dance tent – dance music acts, previously sharing a day with the Lock Up stage, Lock Up Stage – underground punk and hardcore acts. Due to demand, from 2006 this stage took up two days rather than previous years where it was one day. Festival Republic stage – acts with less popular appeal and breakthrough acts, 1Xtra Stage – new stage for 2013 that stages Hip-Hop, RnB and Rap artists. Alternative tent – comedy and cabaret acts plus DJs, BBC Introducing Stage – Typically unsigned/not well known acts. The Reading Festival officially began life as the National Jazz Festival, however, the festivals roots can be traced further back to the Beaulieu Jazz Festivals of the 1950s held on the estate of Lord Montague at Beaulieu in the New Forest, Hampshire. When alcochol-fuelled violence at the start of the 1960s led to the cancellation of the Beaulieu Jazz Festival its mantle was inherited by the new National Jazz Festival and this format continued until 1967 when jazz was relegated to just the Saturday afternoon session and by 1969 had disappeared entirely. 1964 saw a Friday evening session added to the existing weekend format, the following year a second stage was added, but this innovation was not to last and by the time the Festival was relocated to Sunbury in 1968 the single-stage format returned. Plumpton Racecourse then hosted the Festival for a stint from 1969. In 1984, many acts were booked to appear, tickets were on sale with Marillion due to be one of this years headliners
28.
Gordon Moakes
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Gordon Peter Moakes is an English musician, best known as the bassist of rock band Young Legionnaire and former member of indie rock band Bloc Party. Moakes became a member of Bloc Party after responding to an advertisement placed in the NME music magazine by Kele Okereke and Russell Lissack, who were seeking a bassist. Although not originally a bassist, Moakes was the player the band auditioned who was able to play the bassline for a song that Okereke. In 2002, Moakes, Lissack, and Okereke formed the first incarnation of Bloc Party — then known as The Angel Range —, Moakes also ran and updated the bands website at the time. Moakes shared co-writing credits with Okereke on some of the earlier lyrics. In the early days of the band, he contributed lyrics mostly to the more political songs. Moakes added new instruments to his repertoire on Bloc Partys second and third albums, A Weekend in the City and he played drums on Sunday, electronic drums on Ares, glockenspiel on Waiting for the 7.18 and SRXT and a microKORG synthesizer on Flux. His voice can be heard in many of the bands songs, Moakes remixed the bands song Talons from their album Intimacy. It was featured as a part of the single download as well as appearing as the B-side to its vinyl release, in 2015, confirmed that he had left the band to focus on Young Legionnaire. He was replaced by Justin Harris later in the year, Moakes currently resides in Austin, Texas. Moakes worked with yourcodenameis, milo on the track Wait a Minute from the album Print Is Dead Vol 1, Wait a Minute was released on a limited edition 7 single on 4 October 2006. In January 2010, the group were revealed to be named Young Legionnaire and were set to play their first show at the end of January in London
29.
Silent Alarm
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Silent Alarm is the debut studio album by British indie rock band Bloc Party. Recorded in Copenhagen and London in mid-2004 with producer Paul Epworth, the record peaked at number three on the United Kingdom Albums Chart. In the United States, it entered the Billboard 200 at number 114, the double A-side So Here We Are/Positive Tension, Banquet, and Pioneers were released as singles. Silent Alarm went on to achieve sales of over one million copies. Bloc Party aimed to create an album that appealed to followers of different musical genres, building on the arrangements in their demo songs recorded in 2004, the band members moulded tracks largely through live takes during the Silent Alarm studio sessions. The compositional focus was on rhythm and the drum and bass parts, while lyricist Kele Okerekes writing examined the feelings and hopes of young adults, following the albums completion, Bloc Party embarked on promotional tours before its release. Silent Alarm garnered widespread acclaim with praise often centered on its fast tempo. Later in 2005, it was remixed as Silent Alarm Remixed and was re-released with bonus tracks to coincide with Bloc Partys worldwide touring schedule, the album has received accolades throughout the music industry since its release. In 2003, Bloc Party consisted of guitarists Kele Okereke and Russell Lissack, after drummer Matt Tong auditioned and joined the trio, the band members songwriting evolved and they started crafting tracks for Silent Alarm. Discussing the first demo Shes Hearing Voices, Okereke has stated that it was really just a drum beat, self-recorded in a small, hired space in Acton, London, the song was followed by the May 2004 double A-side single, Banquet/Staying Fat, produced by Paul Epworth. Bloc Party EP was subsequently released by Moshi Moshi Records in the UK, after exposés in British magazines and newspapers and a successful performance on BBC Radio 1, Bloc Party received a contract offer from Parlophone. Frontman and chief writer Okereke wanted Silent Alarm to emphasise the importance of finding pleasure in small mundane things, the album was borne out of a nagging youthful urgency and the realisation that responsibility has to be taken for the first time as a young adult. Before recording started, Okereke attended singing lessons to open up his voice, in June 2004, Bloc Party convened at Deltalab Studios in Copenhagen to make Silent Alarm with Paul Epworth. The band had already written demo songs to record, but Okereke has noted that it is a creative process, the Deltalab set-up posed problems, because it included bare mains cables and dated, malfunctioning equipment from the 1960s and 1970s. Bloc Party took three sessions to get acquainted with Epworths methodology, the producer has called the recording time a growing process because Okereke was not wholly comfortable singing in front of people, especially after tonsil problems. Although the band members had preliminary ideas about a tracks rhythm, Okereke often asked Tong to play something on the drums, which inspired him to mould a track by adding guitar chords to the beat. Bloc Partys priority when recording Silent Alarm was to give the more depth. The band believed that 21st-century rock music could only survive if people started mixing styles that arent supposed to be together, Okereke has suggested that forward-thinking bands reach a plateau and start to question the boundaries of their medium, this leads to experimentation with elements from other genres
30.
A Weekend in the City
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A Weekend in the City is the second studio album by British indie rock band Bloc Party. It was recorded at Grouse Lodge Studios in Westmeath, Ireland, the album was refined and mixed at several locations in London at the end of 2006. It was released on 24 January 2007 in Japan and in the first week of February in the rest of the world, the album peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart and on the Irish Albums Chart. In the United States, it entered the Billboard 200 at number 12, Bloc Party worked to craft an album that distanced them from the conventional guitar band set-up by incorporating more electronically processed beats and additional instrumentation. Computer programs were used to enrich and amend recorded takes. The subject matter of frontman and chief lyricist Kele Okerekes lyrics for A Weekend in the City covers issues such as use, sexuality. The albums three singles, The Prayer, I Still Remember, and Hunting for Witches, address these themes respectively. Bloc Partys new musical directions and more forthright lyrics either impressed or alienated critics, in November 2007, the album was re-released globally—with the final single, Flux, as a bonus track—to coincide with Bloc Partys extensive touring schedule. All band members of Bloc Party conceived A Weekend in the City during 2005 while on tour in support of their acclaimed debut album Silent Alarm. Despite missing their home city of London, the quartet became increasingly disillusioned with the culture in the each time they sporadically returned. Band member Gordon Moakes has noted, The contrast we saw between being away on tour and being home and we would see that London wasnt changing really and that the people wed grown up with were part of that. Okereke wrote many songs in 2005 and early 2006 and used a concept he called Urbanite Relaxation to expand upon the themes of life, the band recorded around 30 soundchecks for the initial lyrics using a MiniDisc player. The rest of the tracks were written in April 2006 before they entered the recording process. Bloc Party wanted to expand their sonic palette without losing the musical jerkiness of Silent Alarm, before the studio sessions, Bloc Party listened to varied musical sources, from composers Philip Glass, György Ligeti, and Krzysztof Penderecki to urban artists Amerie and Missy Elliott. In mid-2006, Bloc Party travelled to Lees Grouse Lodge Studios in Westmeath, Ireland, the band members initially worked by experimenting with their respective instruments and sound check arrangements. Moakes additionally focused on using different types of synthesiser, all parties soon moved to the main recording room, a large area with a lot of natural ambience according to sound engineer Tom McFall. A makeshift booth was built around the back of the kit to reduce any sonic interference. Different types of microphones were used for each component of the drum kit, the miking scheme was crucial to prepare the drum tracks for the looping and processing Lee planned using production program Logic
31.
ITunes Store
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ITunes Store is a software-based online digital media store operated by Apple Inc. It opened on April 28,2003, and has been the largest music vendor in the United States since April 2008, and the largest music vendor in the world since February 2010. It offers over 35 -40 million songs,2.2 million apps,25,000 TV shows, iTunes Stores revenues in the first quarter of 2011 totaled nearly US$1.4 billion, by May 28,2014, the store had sold 35 billion songs worldwide. On January 6,2009, Apple announced that DRM had been removed from 80% of its catalog in the US. As of June 2013, iTunes Store possesses 575 million active user accounts, before iTunes Store, most of the online music was download through websites like Napster. Steve Jobs expressed concern that people were illegally obtaining music because it was the option they had. In 2002, Steve Jobs made an agreement with the five major record labels to offer their content through iTunes, iTunes Store was introduced by Steve Jobs at a Worldwide Developers Conference to give music listeners a legal alternative to peer-to-peer file sharing networks. When it opened, it was the only legal digital catalog of music to songs from all five major record labels. At first, it was available on Mac OS X. Following the introduction of iTunes Store, individual songs were all sold for the same price, Music in the store is in the Advanced Audio Coding format, which is the MPEG-4-specified successor to MP3. Originally, songs were available with DRM and were encoded at 128 kbit/s. At the January 2009 Macworld Expo, Apple announced that all music would be made available without DRM. Previously, this model, known as iTunes Plus, had available only for music from EMI. Users can sample songs by listening to previews, ninety seconds in length, some Apps cost money and some are free. Developers can decide which prices they want to charge for apps, from a pre-set list of pricing tiers, when someone downloads an App,70 percent of the purchase goes to the developer, and 30 percent goes to Apple. At the Macworld 2008 keynote, Steve Jobs, who was Apples CEO at the time, movies are available for rent in iTunes Store on the same day they are released on DVD, though iTunes Store also offers for rental some movies that are still in theaters. Movie rentals are only viewable for 24 hours or 48 hours after users begin viewing them, iTunes Store also offers one low-priced movie rental a week, in the United States, this rental costs 99 cents. Movie rentals are not yet available in all countries but it is available in the United States, Mexico, there is a weekly promotion in which one to three songs are available to download for free to logged-in users
32.
The Prayer (Bloc Party song)
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The Prayer is a song by English rock band Bloc Party. It was released by Wichita Recordings on 29 January 2007 and is the bands highest charting single worldwide, the lyrics deal with drug use in nightclubs and party environments. Band frontman Kele Okereke says he was inspired to write the song after hearing Busta Rhymes song Touch It and he also described the song as having a crunk-like effect. A cover version of The Prayer by KT Tunstall is included in Radio 1s Live Lounge – Volume 2, the lyrics of the song deal with the use of club drugs such as MDMA and Ketamine in nightclubs and parties. The song deals with the effects of drugs on the human body through the eyes of a user. In the video, all members of Bloc Party are at a nightclub and it follows them throughout the night even though they do not appear to be doing much. Okereke is the one who actually gets up and goes around. The other members just sit around while Okereke goes off on his own journey, whilst cigarette burn effects, the song was featured in the racing video game Project Gotham Racing 4, while the Does It Offend You, Yeah. Remix was featured on Need for Speed, ProStreet, the song was also featured in the general trailer of the sixth season of Smallville in March and April 2007. The song was featured in the soundtrack for the video game NHL 2K8. Wichita / WEBB118S All tracks written by Bloc Party, Wichita / WEBB118SX All tracks written by Bloc Party. Wichita / WEBB118SCD All tracks written by Bloc Party, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
33.
I Still Remember
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I Still Remember is a song by English rock band Bloc Party. It was released as a single from their studio album. Being the first U. S. single and second UK single from the album, the single was released in Britain in two 7 formats as well as a CD version. The B-sides are Atonement, Cain Said To Abel, Selfish Son, a limited edition I Still Remember 7 was also given to the first 1000 people who pre-ordered the album from Insound. The music video was made by Aggressive and was first shown on 8 January 2007 on MTV2, frontman Kele Okereke talked about the song at some length in his January 2007 The Observer interview, responding to questions as to whether the song had an autobiographical nature, Not really. Yeah, but is it a love story and its one person longing for somebody they cant really have. This is probably a contentious issue, but I swear that I could always see in people and you could see there was something they couldnt say aloud. And I saw it when I was at school, and I guess I Still Remember is an attempt at trying to confront that. I know from my own experiences a lot of boys had feelings or experiences when they were younger. And thats not really ever spoken about, that un-spoken desire, but the idea of two straight boys having an attraction, or there being an attraction thats unspeakable - that was the idea of that song. Wichita / WEBB125S All tracks written by Bloc Party, wichita / WEBB125SX All tracks written by Bloc Party. Wichita / WEBB125SCD All tracks written by Bloc Party, All tracks written by Bloc Party. Song lyrics Video on the artist MTV page Downloadable video Winning Video of the YouTube Competition Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
34.
Maida Vale
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Maida Vale is an affluent residential district comprising the northern part of Paddington in west London, west of St Johns Wood and south of Kilburn. It is part of the City of Westminster, the name derives from the Hero of Maida inn which used to be on Edgware Road near the Regents Canal. The pub was named after General Sir John Stuart who was made Count of Maida by King Ferdinand IV of Naples, the area is mostly residential, and mainly affluent, with many large late Victorian and Edwardian blocks of mansion flats. It is home to the BBC Maida Vale Studios and it makes up most of the W9 postal district. The southern part of Maida Vale at the junction of Paddington Basin with Regents Canal, parts of Maida Vale were also included within this. Just to the east of Maida Vale is St Johns Wood, the actor Alec Guinness was born in this road. The first Prime Minister of Israel, David Ben-Gurion, lived within sight of this synagogue on Warrington Crescent, the pioneer of modern computing, Alan Turing, was born at what is now the Colonnade Hotel in Warrington Crescent. Maida Vale tube station was opened on 6 June 1915, on the Bakerloo line, Maida Vale is home to some of BBC network radios recording and broadcast studios. The building on Delaware Road is one of the BBCs earliest premises, pre-dating Broadcasting House, the building houses a total of seven music and radio drama studios, and most famously was home to John Peels BBC Radio 1 Peel Sessions and the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. Little Venice is a recent name for parts of Maida Vale. It consists of the surrounding the Little Venice Lagoon and its canals. It is known for and defined by its Regency style white stucco buildings and its canals, according to one story, the poet Robert Browning, who lived in the area from 1862 to 1887, coined the name. However, this was disputed by Lord Kinross in 1966 and by London Canals, both assert that Lord Byron humorously coined the name, which now applies more loosely to a longer reach of the canal system. Brownings Pool is named after the poet, and is the junction of Regents Canal, a regular waterbus service operates from Little Venice eastwards around Regents Park, calling at London Zoo and on towards Camden Town. Since 1983, the Inland Waterways Association has hosted the Canalway Cavalcade in Little Venice, Maida Vale is noted for its wide tree-lined avenues, large communal gardens and red-brick mansion blocks from the late Victoria and Edwardian eras. The first mansion blocks were completed in 1897, with the arrival of the identically-designed Lauderdale Mansions South, Lauderdale Mansions West, among the buildings of architectural interest was the Carlton Tavern, a pub which stood on Carlton Vale. Built in 1920–21 for Charrington Brewery, it was thought to be the work of the architect Frank J Potter and was noted for its unaltered 1920s interiors and faience tiled exterior. The building was being considered by Historic England for Grade II listing when it was demolished in March 2015 by the property developer CLTX Ltd to make way for a new block of flats
35.
BBC Radio 1
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Radio 1 provides alternative genres after 7,00 pm, including electronic dance, hip hop, rock, indie or interviews. It was launched in 1967 to meet the demand for music generated by radio stations. Recently, the BBC claimed that it targets the 15–29 age group. BBC Radio 1 started 24-hour broadcasting on 1 May 1991, Radio 1 was established in 1967 as a successor to the BBC Light Programme, which had broadcast popular music and other entertainment since 1945. Radio 1 was conceived as a response to the popularity of offshore pirate radio stations such as Radio Caroline and Radio London. Radio 1 was launched at 7,00 am on Saturday 30 September 1967. The first words on Radio 1 – after a countdown by the Controller of Radios 1 and 2, Robin Scott, welcome to the exciting new sound of Radio 1. This was the first use of US-style jingles on BBC radio, the first complete record played on Radio 1 was Flowers in the Rain by The Move. The second single was Massachusetts by The Bee Gees, the breakfast show remains the most prized slot in the Radio 1 schedule, with every change of breakfast show presenter exciting considerable media interest. Despite this, it gained massive audiences, becoming the most listened to station in the world with audiences of over 10 million claimed for some of its shows, in the early-mid-1970s Radio 1 presenters were rarely out of the British tabloids, thanks to the Publicity Departments high-profile work. Alan Freemans Saturday Rock Show was voted Best Radio Show 5 years running by readers of a music publication. In his last few months as controller, Johnny Beerling commissioned a handful of new shows that in some set the tone for what was to come under Matthew Bannister. One of these Loudnproud was the UKs first national radio series aimed at a gay audience, far from being a parting quirk, the show was a surprise hit and led to the networks first coverage of the large outdoor Gay Pride event in 1994. Bannister took the reins fully in October 1993 and his aim was to rid the station of its Smashie and Nicey image and make it appeal to the under 25s. Although originally launched as a station, by the early 1990s. Many listeners rebelled as the first new DJs to be introduced represented a crossover from other parts of the BBC with Emma Freud, Evans was a popular but controversial presenter who was eventually sacked in 1997 after he demanded to present the breakfast show for only four days per week. Evans was replaced from 17 February 1997 by Mark and Lard – Mark Radcliffe and they were replaced by Zoë Ball and Kevin Greening eight months later in October 1997, with Greening moving on and leaving Ball as solo presenter. Documentaries like John Peels Lost in Music which looked at the influence that the use of drugs have had over popular musicians received critical acclaim but were slated inside Broadcasting House, later in the 1990s the Britpop boom declined, and manufactured chart pop came to dominate the charts
36.
Myspace
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Myspace is a social networking website offering an interactive, user-submitted network of friends, personal profiles, blogs, groups, photos, music, and videos. It is headquartered in Beverly Hills, California, Myspace was acquired by News Corporation in July 2005 for $580 million. From 2005 to 2009, Myspace was the largest social networking site in the world, since then, the number of Myspace users has declined steadily in spite of several redesigns. As of March 2017, Myspace was ranked 3,178 by total Web traffic, Myspace had a significant influence on pop culture and music and created a gaming platform that launched the successes of Zynga and RockYou, among others. Despite an overall decline, in 2015 Myspace still had 50.6 million unique visitors and has a pool of nearly 1 billion active and inactive registered users. In June 2009, Myspace employed approximately 1,600 employees, in June 2011, Specific Media Group and Justin Timberlake jointly purchased the company for approximately $35 million. In August 2003, several employees with Friendster accounts saw potential in its social networking features. The group decided to mimic the popular features of the website. Within 10 days, the first version of Myspace was ready for launch, a complete infrastructure of finance, human resources, technical expertise, bandwidth, and server capacity was available for the site. The project was overseen by Brad Greenspan, who managed Chris DeWolfe, Josh Berman, Tom Anderson, the first Myspace users were eUniverse employees. The company held contests to see who could sign up the most users, eUniverse used its 20 million users and e-mail subscribers to breathe life into Myspace, and move it to the head of the pack of social networking websites. A key architect was tech expert Toan Nguyen who helped stabilize the Myspace platform when Brad Greenspan asked him to join the team. Despite over ten times the number of developers, Friendster, which was developed in JavaServer Pages, could not keep up with the speed of development of Myspace and cfm. The MySpace. com domain was owned by YourZ. com, Inc. intended until 2002 for use as an online data storage. By 2004, it was transitioned from a storage service to a social networking site. A friend, who worked in the data storage business. DeWolfe suggested they charge a fee for the basic Myspace service, Brad Greenspan nixed the idea, believing that keeping Myspace free was necessary to make it a successful community. Myspace quickly gained popularity among teenage and young adult social groups, in February 2005, DeWolfe held talks with Mark Zuckerberg over acquiring Facebook but DeWolfe rejected Zuckerbergs $75 million asking price
37.
Intimacy (Bloc Party album)
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Intimacy is the third studio album by British indie rock band Bloc Party. It was recorded in two weeks at several locations in London and Kent during 2008 and was produced by Jacknife Lee and Paul Epworth. Inspired by the options available in the Internet age, the band members made the album available for purchase on their website as a digital download on 21 August 2008. Minimal promotion was undertaken in the UK, the record was released in compact disc form on 24 October 2008, with Wichita Recordings as the primary label. It peaked at number 8 on the UK Albums Chart and entered the Billboard 200 in the United States at number 18, Bloc Party wanted to create an album that further distanced the band from the traditional rock set-up by incorporating more electronic elements and unconventional musical arrangements. As the records title suggests, its tracks are about relationships and are loosely based on one of frontman Kele Okerekes break-ups in 2007. Three songs were released as singles, Mercury, Talons, and One Month Off, Intimacy was generally well received by critics. Reviewers often focused on its rush-release and central theme, and considered them either bold steps or poor choices, according to multi-instrumentalist Gordon Moakes, the impromptu November 2007 single Flux opened a door to the fact that we could go in any direction in future works. After the NME Big Gig in February 2008, the members took a month off from touring. Moakes felt that there were no rules when the band re-assembled for studio work, chief lyricist Okereke completed most of the songwriting before the recording process. In mid-2008, Bloc Party attended secret sessions at studios in the south-east of England, the band aimed to use a similar process to the creation of Flux, which was crafted in a week. Okereke has stated that two producers allowed for musical experimentation. Epworth focused on capturing the dynamic of a band by working on fully developed songs. Lee aided the band members evolution towards an electronic style by creating tracks with them. Each producer worked on five of the original ten tracks. According to Okereke, Bloc Party wanted to something as stylised as R&B or electronica, combining the rawness of Silent Alarm. The frontman drew inspiration from Siouxsie and the Banshees 1988 song Peek-a-Boo, the band worked by initially performing soundchecks with only guitar chords, keyboard notes, and drum beats. The band members decided to record the first ten tracks crafted after judging first ideas to often be the best and they thrived under the pressure of timed sessions, which lasted only two weeks
38.
Berlin
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Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million, Berlin is the second most populous city proper, due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers. Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world, following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all-Germany. Berlin is a city of culture, politics, media. Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations. Berlin serves as a hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination, significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction and electronics. Modern Berlin is home to world renowned universities, orchestras, museums and its urban setting has made it a sought-after location for international film productions. The city is known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts. Since 2000 Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene, the name Berlin has its roots in the language of West Slavic inhabitants of the area of todays Berlin, and may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl-. All German place names ending on -ow, -itz and -in, since the Ber- at the beginning sounds like the German word Bär, a bear appears in the coat of arms of the city. It is therefore a canting arm, the first written records of towns in the area of present-day Berlin date from the late 12th century. Spandau is first mentioned in 1197 and Köpenick in 1209, although these areas did not join Berlin until 1920, the central part of Berlin can be traced back to two towns. Cölln on the Fischerinsel is first mentioned in a 1237 document,1237 is considered the founding date of the city. The two towns over time formed close economic and social ties, and profited from the right on the two important trade routes Via Imperii and from Bruges to Novgorod. In 1307, they formed an alliance with a common external policy, in 1415 Frederick I became the elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, which he ruled until 1440. In 1443 Frederick II Irontooth started the construction of a new palace in the twin city Berlin-Cölln
39.
Four (Bloc Party album)
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Four is the fourth studio album by British indie rock band Bloc Party. It was recorded in late 2011 and early 2012 at Stratosphere Sound, New York City, Newport also produced Wreckonomics—the EP of bassist Gordon Moakes side project, Young Legionnaire. It was released on 20 August 2012 on independent label Frenchkiss Records, the album peaked at number 3 in the UK Albums Chart, and at number 36 on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States. It is the last album featuring the original line-up with Gordon Moakes, despite four years of hiatus making this the largest gap between album releases, the band recorded the album using a more guitar-oriented sound, reminiscent of their debut album, Silent Alarm. During this period, rumours spread about the future of the band, in interviews with NME, Okereke said he feared being fired, four was recorded between winter 2011 and spring 2012 at Stratosphere Sound in New York City. The idea to record in New York with producer Alex Newport came about after Okereke, initially the band rehearsed material then recorded it soon after. Okereke told BBC1 presenter Zane Lowe that recording of the material added to the albums live sound. Other songs, such as the lead single Octopus came about from Lissacks experimentation with effects pedals, Okereke, who wrote all of the albums lyrics, based songs on a wide range of issues. Team A is said to be based on the New York drug scene, based on the science fiction novel of the same name by Philip K. Dick. Other songs, such as So He Begins to Lie, were based on reality television, the album was officially announced in a blog post by Okereke. The goal of the album was to create a sound that resembled four people playing in a room, the albums cover art was designed by bassist Gordon Moakes. The four circles is said to represent a different member of the band, the colour red represents Okereke, blue represents Moakes, yellow Lissack and green Tong. However, the album received mixed reviews. Marc Burrows of Drowned In Sound felt the record lacked instant classics but was more consistent. Under the Radar pointed a certain nonchalance and suggested that the album is never able to build its momentum. Yet, Selena Fragassi noted that the single Octopus stood out for guitarist Russell Lissacks work, the album entered the UK Official Albums Chart at No. 3, the fourth top 10 album on the chart. In the United States, the album debuted at No.36 on the Billboard 200 albums chart on its first week of release and it also debuted at No.11 on the Billboards Rock Albums chart, and No.7 on the Alternative Albums charts
40.
Octopus (Bloc Party song)
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Octopus is a song by the British indie rock band Bloc Party, released as the lead single from the bands fourth album Four on 11 July 2012. Octopus was released as the bands first single since One More Chance, Octopus was also notable as being the bands first single to be released on Frenchkiss Records. Octopus was well received by critics upon its release, billboard stated that the track takes the band back to the earliest days of Silent Alarm and called the track pure rock n roll. Metro also noted the band returning to their roots, as well as comparing the tracks strong guitar hook. Counteract Magazine wrote that on the song, Keles vocals feel freer and they also called Octopus an interesting comeback single and an exciting preview of what is yet to come. Pretty Much Amazing blog summed up the song by saying that it has more pop appeal than it initially lets on, the beguilingly simple call-and-response melody will get stuck in your head with repeat listens. The music video for Octopus debuted on 10 July 2012 on Bloc Partys official YouTube page, the music video was directed by Nova Dando, who also directed the video for What Did I Do. by the bands lead singer Kele Okereke. They called the video a fitting compliment for the songs simple, driven indie sound
