1.
Miami, Florida
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Miami is a seaport city at the southeastern corner of the U. S. state of Florida and its Atlantic coast. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, Miamis metro area is the eighth-most populous, Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Groups inventory, in 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked 33rd among global cities, in 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami Americas Cleanest City, for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets, and citywide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality. Miami has the third tallest skyline in the U. S. with over 300 high-rises, Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the Cruise Capital of the World, has been the number one cruise port in the world. It accommodates some of the worlds largest cruise ships and operations, Metropolitan Miami is the major tourism hub in the American South, number two in the U. S. after New York City and number 13 in the world, including the popular destination of Miami Beach. The Miami area was inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous Native American tribes, the Tequestas occupied the area for a thousand years before encountering Europeans. An Indian village of hundreds of people dating to 500–600 B. C. was located at the mouth of the Miami River, in 1566 the explorer, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, claimed it for Spain. A Spanish mission was constructed one year later in 1567, Spain and Great Britain successively controlled Florida, and Spain ceded it to the United States in 1821. In 1836, the US built Fort Dallas as part of its development of the Florida Territory and attempt to suppress, the Miami area subsequently became a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. Miami is noted as the major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle, a local citrus grower. The Miami area was known as Biscayne Bay Country in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness, the area was also characterized as one of the finest building sites in Florida. The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miamis growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region
2.
Florida
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Florida /ˈflɒrᵻdə/ is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U. S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States, the Miami metropolitan area is Floridas most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital, much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south, the American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. It was a location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans. Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, the states economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, the Kennedy Space Center, Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, by the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee, the Timucua, the Ais, the Tocobaga, the Calusa and the Tequesta. Florida was the first part of the continental United States to be visited and settled by Europeans, the earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. Ponce de León spotted and landed on the peninsula on April 2,1513 and he named the region La Florida. The story that he was searching for the Fountain of Youth is a myth, in May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet. Very soon, many smokes appeared along the whole coast, billowing against the sky, the Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida. Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success, in 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a settlement at present-day Pensacola, making it the first attempted settlement in Florida, but it was abandoned by 1561. Spain maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the tribes to Christianity. The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English settlements to the north, the English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times. Florida attracted numerous Africans and African-Americans from adjacent British colonies who sought freedom from slavery, in 1738, Governor Manuel de Montiano established Fort Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose near St
3.
Film director
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A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a films artistic and dramatic aspects, the director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film, the film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized, or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions, there are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, film editors or actors, other film directors have attended a film school. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors dialogue, while others control every aspect. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners, some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films. Film directors create a vision through which a film eventually becomes realized/noticed. Realizing this vision includes overseeing the artistic and technical elements of production, as well as directing the shooting timetable. This entails organizing the crew in such a way as to achieve their vision of the film. This requires skills of leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in the stressful. Moreover, it is necessary to have an eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew, thus. Thus the director ensures that all involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film. The set of varying challenges he or she has to tackle has been described as a jigsaw puzzle with egos. It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when, omnipresent are the boundaries of the films budget. Additionally, the director may also have to ensure an intended age rating, thus, the position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one. It has been said that 20-hour days are not unusual, under European Union law, the film director is considered the author or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory. Auteur theory is a film criticism concept that holds that a directors film reflects the directors personal creative vision
4.
Screenwriter
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One famous screenwriter is Jack Rosenthal, who has written for various TV shows over the years, including Londons Burning and Coronation Street. No education is required to become a screenwriter, just good storytelling abilities. Screenwriters are not hired employees, they are contracted freelancers, most, if not all, screenwriters start their careers writing on speculation, meaning they write without being hired or paid for it. If such a script is sold, it is called a spec script, what separates a professional screenwriter from an amateur screenwriter is that professional screenwriters are usually represented by a talent agency. Also, professional screenwriters do not often work for free, whereas amateur screenwriters will often work for free and are considered writers in training, spec scripts are usually penned by unknown professional screenwriters and amateur screenwriters. There are a legion of would-be screenwriters who attempt to enter the industry but it often takes years of trial-and-error, failure. In Writing Screenplays that Sell, Michael Hague writes Screenplays have become, for the last half of century, closet writers who used to dream of the glory of getting into print now dream of seeing their story on the big or small screen. Every screenplay and teleplay begins with a thought or idea, and screenwriters use those ideas to write scripts, with the intention of selling them and having them produced. In some cases, the script is based on a property, such as a book or persons life story. The majority of the time, a film project gets initiated by a screenwriter and because they initiated the project and these are referred to as exclusive assignments or pitched assignments. Screenwriters who often pitch new projects, whether original or an adaptation, when word is put out about a project a film studio, production company, or producer wants done, these are referred to as open assignments. In situations where screenwriters are competing for an assignment, more established writers will usually win these assignments. A screenwriter can also be approached and personally offered a writing assignment, many screenwriters also work as full or part-time script doctors, attempting to better a script to suit the desires of a director or studio. For instance, studio management may have a complaint that the motivations of the characters are unclear or that the dialogue is weak, script-doctoring can be quite lucrative, especially for the better known writers. David Mamet and John Sayles, for instance, fund the movies they direct themselves, usually from their own screenplays, by writing and doctoring scripts for others. In fact, some writers make very profitable careers out of being the ninth or tenth writer to work on a piece, in many cases, working on projects that never see exposure to an audience of any size. Many up and coming screenwriters also ghost write projects and allow more established screenwriters to take credit for the project to increase the chances of it getting picked up. After a screenwriter finishes a project, he or she pairs with a representative, such as a producer, director, literary agent, entertainment lawyer
5.
Old Joy
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Old Joy is a 2006 road movie directed by Kelly Reichardt and based on a short story by Jonathan Raymond. The original soundtrack for the film is by Yo La Tengo and included on the soundtrack album They Shoot. Old Joy tells the story of two friends, Kurt and Mark, as they reunite for a camping trip in the Cascade mountain range and Bagby Hot Springs, east of Portland. Kurt lives a hand-to-mouth hippie lifestyle, while Mark has moved on from that scene and gotten a proper job, the film is a story of friendship, loss and alienation. For Mark, the weekend outing offers a respite from the pressure of his imminent fatherhood, tagging along for the ride is Lucy, Marks dog. Old Joy received highly favorable reviews from critics, metacritic reported the film had an average score of 84 out of 100, based on 24 reviews. The New York Times called it one of the finest American films of the year, the film appeared on several critics top ten lists of the best films of 2006. 2nd - Ella Taylor, LA Weekly 4th - Marc Mohan, Portland Oregonian 4th - Scott Tobias, neil Kopp won the Producers Award at the Independent Spirit Awards for his work on Old Joy and Paranoid Park. Old Joy at the Internet Movie Database Old Joy at Rotten Tomatoes New York Times review
6.
Wendy and Lucy
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Wendy and Lucy is a 2008 American drama film directed by Kelly Reichardt. Reichardt and Jon Raymond adapted the screenplay from his short story Train Choir, the film stars Michelle Williams and Will Patton. A young woman, Wendy Carroll, is travelling to Alaska with her dog Lucy and they become stranded in Oregon when their car breaks down, and she lacks the funds to repair it. At a supermarket, she leaves Lucy outside while she attempts to shoplift dog food and she is apprehended and Lucy disappears. After she is released from custody, she discovers Lucy is missing. She eventually discovers that Lucy was taken to a dog pound, Wendy goes to the home where Lucy now lives and decides she is happier there. She gets on a train bound north, by the end of its run, Wendy and Lucy grossed $865,695 domestically and $326,960 internationally for a worldwide total of $1,192,655. The film has received positive reviews from critics. Film review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes classified the film as fresh with a 85% approval rating among 150 critics, the film won both Best Picture and Best Actress at the 12th Toronto Film Critics Association Awards. Wendy and Lucy was placed at 87 on Slant Magazines best films of the 2000s, official website Wendy and Lucy at the Internet Movie Database Wendy and Lucy at Box Office Mojo Wendy and Lucy at Rotten Tomatoes Wendy and Lucy at Metacritic
7.
Night Moves (2013 film)
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The film follows three radical environmentalists who plot to blow up a dam. Radical environmentalists Josh and Dena buy a boat and tow it long-distance to meet Harmon, the three plan to bomb a dam which they believe is harming the environment. They buy fertilizer, assemble a bomb and load it onto the boat, at night, they take the boat to the dam, arm the bomb, and escape. After the explosion, Harmon says goodbye and drives away, Josh and Dena are stopped by the police, but evade suspicion. Josh returns to the farm where he lives and works, the other people living on the farm discuss the explosion, the media reports that a man who was camping near the dam is missing. Harmon calls Josh and tells him that Dena is worried, concerned that she will go to the police, Josh agrees to talk to her. Dena admits her feelings of guilt and when pressed by Josh, Harmon tells Josh that Dena needs to be silenced. The other people living on the farm suspect Josh of involvement with the bombing and he learns that the man was found dead after drowning from the flooding caused by the explosion. He surprises Dena at the spa where she works, he tries to warn her and he finds her in a sauna and strangles her to death. Josh calls Harmon in tears to tell him that Dena is dead, Harmon says they cannot communicate again and tells Josh to disappear. Josh destroys his phone and asks for a job in a camping supplies store, the lawsuit charged, By way of example only, both works feature the targeting of a dam for destruction by means of ammonium fertilizer-laden boats. In the Novel, the principal bomb-maker is a veteran who served overseas as a Green Beret. The bomb-maker in Night Moves is a veteran who served overseas as a U. S. Marine. The case was resolved through negotiations behind the scenes, according to The Hollywood Reporter, on Metacritic, based on 36 critics, the film has a 75/100 rating, signifying generally favorable reviews. Night Moves at the Internet Movie Database Night Moves at Box Office Mojo Night Moves at Rotten Tomatoes Night Moves at Metacritic
8.
River of Grass
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The film is set in Broward and Dade Counties in Florida, between Miami and the Everglades. A local couple is involved in an incident and then try to leave South Florida. Cozy is a housewife in her thirties who feels no emotional connection with her children. After getting dressed up to go to a bar she is run over by Lee. Inside Lee buys Cozy a drink and he convinces her to break into a friends home where they swim in a pool and Lee shows Cozy the gun that he was given by a friend who found it by the side of the road. While Lee shows Cozy how to use the gun the owner of the pool comes out to investigate, believing they have killed the man Cozy and Lee go on the run together. Reichardt grew up in the part of Florida the film depicts and she has described the film as road movie without the road, a love story without the love, and a crime story without the crime. Her subsequent films, such as Wendy and Lucy and Meeks Cutoff, involve similar themes, of trying to leave a place. Of that theme, Reichardt said I guess it’s just a setup for different kinds of searching, question-asking, looking for the next place to go, what are you looking for. All those things are good for grounding it in getting from point A to point B, River of Grass debuted in competition at the Sundance Film Festival in January 1994, and then played at the Berlin International Film Festival in February 1994. Its theatrical debut was in New York City at The Public Theater on August 4,1995 and it was shown at the Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema on March 30,2009. In January 2015 distributor Oscilloscope Laboratories launched a Kickstarter in order to restore the film. In December of that year the Sundance Film Festival announced that they would be showing a screening of the film at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival. A limited theatrical re-release was planned for March 2016, the New York Times film critic Stephen Holden described River of Grass as having the look and feel of a sophisticated home movie featuring everyday people instead of actors. He praised the films evocation of a sense of suffocating ennui, but criticized the story as too sketchily told, River of Grass at the Internet Movie Database River of Grass at Rotten Tomatoes River of Grass at AllMovie
9.
Sundance Film Festival
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The Sundance Film Festival, a program of the Sundance Institute, is an American film festival that takes place annually in Park City, Utah. With 46,660 attendees in 2016, it is the largest independent film festival in the United States. Held in January in Park City, Salt Lake City, and Ogden, as well as at the Sundance Resort, the 2017 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 19 to January 29,2017. Sundance began in Salt Lake City in August 1978, as the Utah/US Film Festival in an effort to more filmmakers to Utah. It was founded by Sterling Van Wagenen, John Earle, the 1978 festival featured films such as Deliverance, A Streetcar Named Desire, Midnight Cowboy, Mean Streets, and The Sweet Smell of Success. The festival also highlighted the work of filmmakers who worked outside the Hollywood system. The jury of the 1978 festival was headed by Gary Allison, and included Verna Fields, Linwood G. Dunn, Katharine Ross, Charles E. Sellier Jr. Mark Rydell, and Anthea Sylbert. More than 60 films were screened at the festival that year, also that year, the first Frank Capra Award went to Jimmy Stewart. The festival also made a profit for the first time, in 1980, Catania left the festival to pursue a production career in Hollywood. Several factors helped propel the growth of Utah/US Film Festival, first was the involvement of actor and Utah resident Robert Redford, who became the festivals inaugural chairman. By having Redfords name associated with the festival, it received great attention, secondly, the country was hungry for more venues that would celebrate American-made films as the only other festival doing so at the time was the USA Film Festival in Dallas. Response in Hollywood was unprecedented as major studios did all they could to contribute their resources, in 1981, the festival moved to Park City, Utah, and changed the dates from September to January. It was called the US Film and Video Festival, in 1984, the now well-established Sundance Institute, headed by Sterling Van Wagenen, took over management of the US Film Festival. The branding and marketing transition from the US Film Festival to the Sundance Film Festival was managed under the direction of Colleen Allen, Allen Advertising Inc. by appointment of Robert Redford. In 1991 the festival was renamed the Sundance Film Festival, after Redfords character The Sundance Kid from the film Butch Cassidy. The majority of the screenings, including the festivals premieres. The 2013 Sundance London Festival was held April 25–28,2013, Sundance London 2014 took place on April 25–27,2014 at the O2 arena. The Sundance London 2015 Festival was cancelled in an announcement on January 16,2015, Sundance London will return to London in 2016 from June 10–12 at Picturehouse Cinema in Londons West End
10.
Ode to Billie Joe
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Ode to Billie Joe is a 1967 song written and recorded by Bobbie Gentry, a singer-songwriter from Chickasaw County, Mississippi. The single, released in late July, was a hit in the United States. Billboard ranked the record as the No.3 song for 1967, the song is ranked #412 on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The recording of Ode to Billie Joe generated eight Grammy nominations, throughout the song, the suicide and other tragedies are contrasted against the banality of everyday routine and polite conversation. The song begins with the narrator, her brother and her father returning, after agricultural morning chores, to the family house for dinner. After cautioning them about tracking in dirt, Mama says that she got some news this mornin from Choctaw Ridge that Billie Joe McAllister jumped off the Tallahatchie Bridge, although her brother seems to be somewhat taken aback, hes not shocked enough to forgo a second piece of pie. In the songs verse, a year has passed, during which the narrators brother has married Becky Thompson. Also, her father died from an infection, which has left her mother despondent. The narrator herself now visits Choctaw Ridge often, picking flowers there to drop from the Tallahatchie Bridge into the waters flowing beneath. Questions arose among the listeners, what did Billie Joe and his girlfriend throw off the Tallahatchie Bridge, speculation ran rampant after the song hit the airwaves, and Gentry said in a November 1967 interview that it was the question most asked of her by everyone she met. She named flowers, an engagement ring, a card, a bottle of LSD pills. Although she knew definitely what the item was, she would not reveal it and its in there for two reasons, she said. First, it locks up a relationship between Billie Joe and the girl telling the story, the girl at the table. Second, the fact that Billie Joe was seen throwing something off the bridge – no matter what it was – provides a motivation as to why he jumped off the bridge the next day. When Herman Raucher met Gentry in preparation for writing a novel and screenplay based on the song, Gentry has, however, commented on the song, saying that its real theme was indifference, The bridge mentioned in this song collapsed in June 1972. It crossed the Tallahatchie River at Money, about ten miles north of Greenwood, Mississippi, the November 10,1967, issue of Life Magazine contained a photo of Gentry crossing the original bridge. Ode to Billie Joe was originally intended as the B-side of Gentrys first single recording, the original recording, with no other musicians backing Gentrys guitar, had eleven verses lasting seven minutes, telling more of Billie Joes story. The executives realized that this song was an option for a single, so they cut the length by almost half
11.
Iraq War
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The Iraq War was a protracted armed conflict that began in 2003 with the invasion of Iraq by a United States-led coalition that toppled the government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the occupying forces. An estimated 151,000 to 600,000 or more Iraqis were killed in the first 3–4 years of conflict and it became re-involved in 2014 at the head of a new coalition, the insurgency and many dimensions of the civil armed conflict continue. The invasion began on 20 March 2003, with the U. S. joined by the United Kingdom and several allies, launching a shock. Iraqi forces were overwhelmed as U. S. forces swept through the country. The invasion led to the collapse of the Baathist government, President Hussein was captured during Operation Red Dawn in December of that same year, the United States responded with a troop surge in 2007. The winding down of U. S. involvement in Iraq accelerated under President Barack Obama, the U. S. formally withdrew all combat troops from Iraq by December 2011. Select U. S. officials accused Saddam of harboring and supporting al-Qaeda, while others cited the desire to end a repressive dictatorship, after the invasion, no substantial evidence was found to verify the initial claims about WMDs. The rationale and misrepresentation of pre-war intelligence faced heavy criticism within the U. S. in the aftermath of the invasion, Iraq held multi-party elections in 2005. Nouri al-Maliki became Prime Minister in 2006 and remained in office until 2014, the al-Maliki government enacted policies that were widely seen as having the effect of alienating the countrys Sunni minority and worsening sectarian tensions. The Iraq War caused hundreds of thousands of civilian, and thousands of military casualties, the majority of casualties occurred as a result of the insurgency and civil conflicts between 2004 and 2007. A1990 Frontline report on The arming of Iraq said, Officially, most Western nations participated in an arms embargo against Iraq during the 1980s. Western companies, primarily in Germany and Great Britain, but also in the United States, sold Iraq the key technology for its chemical, missile, any Western governments seemed remarkably indifferent, if not enthusiastic, about those deals. N Washington, the government consistently followed a policy which allowed and perhaps encouraged the growth of Saddam Husseins arsenal. The Western arming of Iraq took place in the context of the Iran-Iraq War, prior to September 2002, the CIA was the George W. Bush administrations main provider of intelligence on Iraq. The agency was out to disprove linkage between Iraq and terrorism the Pentagon adviser told me, the U. N. had prohibited Iraq from developing or possessing such weapons after the Gulf War and required Iraq to permit inspections confirming compliance. This was confirmed by The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, during 2002, Bush repeatedly warned of military action against Iraq unless inspections were allowed to progress unfettered. In accordance with U. N. Security Council Resolution 1441, Iraq agreed to new inspections under United Nations Monitoring, as part of its weapons inspection obligations, Iraq was required to supply a full declaration of its current weapons capabilities and manufacturing
12.
Will Oldham
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Will Oldham, better known by the stage name Bonnie Prince Billy, is an American singer-songwriter and actor. From 1993 to 1997, he performed and recorded under variations of the Palace name, including the Palace Brothers, Palace Songs, after releasing material under his own name, he adopted the Bonnie Prince Billy moniker for the majority of his output since 1998. Oldham was born on December 24,1970, in Louisville and he lived in Louisville until he graduated from the J. Graham Brown School in 1988, then briefly attended Brown University amidst his career in music and film. Oldham is known for his do-it-yourself punk aesthetic and blunt honesty, and his music has been likened to Americana, folk, roots, country, punk, and indie rock. He has been called an Appalachian post-punk solipsist, with a voice that has described as a fragile sort-of warble frittering around haunted melodies in the American folk or country tradition. Oldham first performed and recorded under various permutations of the Palace name, including Palace Brothers, Palace Songs, Palace Music, johnny Cash recorded a version of I See a Darkness on his American Recordings disc, American III, Solitary Man. Marianne Faithfull included Oldhams A King at Night on her 2003 Kissin Time tour, steve Adey also covered I See a Darkness on his 2006 LP All Things Real. Mark Kozelek recorded a version of Oldhams New Partner on his 2008 disc, katatonia covered Oh How I Enjoy the Light on their 2001 EP Tonights Music. In 2009 Mark Lanegan and Soulsavers recorded a version of You Will Miss Me When I Burn. The release is a single, backed with the Lanegan penned Sunrise featuring vocals by Oldham. In 2011, Deer Ticks cover of Oldhams song Death to Everyone appeared in an episode of Hell On Wheels, cadaverous Condition covered Black on their To The Night Sky album. Oldham began his career at age 17, when he portrayed a teen preacher in John Sayless film about an Appalachian mining community. Oldham moved to Hollywood to pursue acting in the late 1980s, however, he quickly became disillusioned with the film industry and quit in 1989. He has since had several roles in independent films, such as Julien Donkey-Boy, Junebug. Oldham took a role in Old Joy, which was featured at SXSW XX. During this time, he played the role of a preacher in the Horse Apples special of WonderShowzen in series 2 of the show. In 2007, Oldham starred alongside Zach Galifianakis in the music video for Kanye Wests Cant Tell Me Nothing. In 2009, he was the narrator of Madam and Little Boy, in 2010, Oldham had a small part in Jackass 3D as a gorilla trainer
13.
Cascade Range
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The Cascade Range or Cascades is a major mountain range of western North America, extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California. It includes both non-volcanic mountains, such as the North Cascades, and the notable volcanoes known as the High Cascades, the small part of the range in British Columbia is referred to as the Canadian Cascades or, locally, as the Cascade Mountains. The highest peak in the range is Mount Rainier in Washington at 14,411 feet, the Cascades are part of the Pacific Oceans Ring of Fire, the ring of volcanoes and associated mountains around the Pacific Ocean. All of the eruptions in the contiguous United States over the last 200 years have been from Cascade volcanoes, the two most recent were Lassen Peak from 1914 to 1921 and a major eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980. Minor eruptions of Mount St. Helens have also occurred since, the Cascade Range is a part of the American Cordillera, a nearly continuous chain of mountain ranges that form the western backbone of North America, Central America, and South America. The Cascades extend northward from Lassen Peak in northern California to the confluence of the Nicola, the Fraser River separates the Cascades from the Coast Mountains. The highest volcanoes of the Cascades, known as the High Cascades, dominate their surroundings and they often have a visual height of one mile or more. The highest peaks, such as the 14, 411-foot Mount Rainier, Mount Baker in Washington recorded a world-record single-season snowfall in the winter of 1998–99 with 1,140 inches. Prior to that year, Mount Rainier held the record for snow accumulation at Paradise in 1978. It is not uncommon for some places in the Cascades to have over 500 inches of snow accumulation, such as at Lake Helen. Most of the High Cascades are therefore white with snow and ice year-round, annual rainfall is as low as 9 inches on the eastern foothills due to a rain shadow effect. Beyond the eastern foothills is a plateau that was largely created 17 to 14 million years ago by the many flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group. Together, these sequences of fluid volcanic rock form the 200, 000-square-mile Columbia Plateau in eastern Washington, Oregon, the Columbia River Gorge is the only major break of the range in the United States. When the Cascades began to rise 7 million years ago in the Pliocene, as the range grew, erosion from the Columbia River was able to keep pace, creating the gorge and major pass seen today. The gorge also exposes uplifted and warped layers of basalt from the plateau, in early 1792, British navigator George Vancouver explored Puget Sound and gave English names to the high mountains he saw. Mount Baker was named for Vancouvers third lieutenant, Joseph Baker, although the first European to see it was Manuel Quimper, Mount Rainier was named after Admiral Peter Rainier. Later in 1792, Vancouver had his lieutenant William Robert Broughton explore the lower Columbia River and he named Mount Hood after Lord Samuel Hood, an admiral of the Royal Navy. Mount St. Helens was sighted by Vancouver in May 1792 and it was named for Alleyne FitzHerbert, 1st Baron St Helens, a British diplomat
14.
Bagby Hot Springs
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The Bagby Hot Springs are natural hot springs located in the Mount Hood National Forest about 67 miles southeast of Portland, Oregon, United States and about 41 miles east of Salem, Oregon. The springs are within the Cascade Mountains in a forested area at elevation 2280 ft. The springs are just outside the boundary of Bull of the Woods Wilderness area, Bagby Hot Springs are rumored to have been a favorite site for Native Americans for hundreds of years. The springs are named after Bob Bagby, a prospector and hunter who found the site in 1880, the United States Forest Service built a small guard station next to the hot springs in 1913. The Bagby Guard Station was used to house Forest Service fire patrol crews during summer fire season, in 1974, the Forest Service built a new guard station. The original cabin was closed but was left standing, in 2006, the original guard cabin was renovated. Today, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, a bathhouse was constructed at the hot springs in the 1920s. The original bathhouse burned down in 1979 when bathers left candles unattended in the old wooden structure, the volunteer group Friends of Bagby formed in 1981 to rebuild the bathhouses. Between 1983 and 1986, the Forest Service and FOB joined forces to three new bathhouses at Bagby. A conflict among the leadership of FOB led to a rift within the group in the late 1990s, the bathing facilities at Bagby Hot Springs continue to be popular to this day. There are three major springs and several outlets that make up Bagby Hot Springs. The largest spring flows 24 gallons per minute at 138 degrees Fahrenheit, the two secondary springs produce 15 gallons per minute at 136 °F and 3 gallons per minute at 120 °F. Bagby Hot Springs are open for 24-hour use, camping is not permitted at the hot springs or along the trail to Bagby. Also, alcohol is prohibited at the site, nudity is allowed on the bath decks, but not in the open areas around the bathhouses. Local law enforcement officers periodically visit Bagby to ensure a positive atmosphere at the springs, the waiting time for a soaking tub varies depending upon the number of people visiting the hot springs at any given time. Summer weekends and holidays can be quite busy, there are three bath houses at the site. The main bathhouse has five cedar log tubs each in a private room, the lower bathhouse has three log tubs and a large round tub located on an open deck. The upper bathhouse is located approximately 100 yards from the other two bathhouses and it has one large round tub on an open deck
15.
Portland, Oregon
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Portland is a port and the largest city in the U. S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County. It is in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest, at the confluence of the Willamette, the city covers 145 square miles and had an estimated population of 632,309 in 2015, making it the 26th most populous city in the United States. Approximately 2,389,228 people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area and its Combined Statistical Area ranks 17th with a population of 3,022,178. Roughly 60% of Oregons population resides within the Portland metropolitan area, named after Portland, Maine, the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail. Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods, and the industry was a major force in the citys early economy. At the turn of the 20th century, the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous cities in the world. After the citys economy experienced a boom during World War II. Beginning in the 1960s, Portland became noted for its liberal political values, and the city has earned a reputation as a bastion of counterculture. According to a 2009 Pew Research Center study, Portland ranks as the eighth most popular American city, the city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro, the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States. The city government is notable for its planning and investment in public transportation. Its climate is marked by warm, dry summers and cool and this climate is ideal for growing roses, and Portland has been called the City of Roses for over a century. Keep Portland Weird is a slogan for the city. During the prehistoric period, the land that would become Portland was flooded after the collapse of glacial dams from Lake Missoula and these massive floods occurred during the last ice age and filled the Willamette Valley with 300 to 400 feet of water. The Chinook people occupying the land which would become Portland were first documented by Meriwether Lewis, before its European settlement, the Portland Basin of the lower Columbia River and Willamette River valleys had been one of the most densely populated regions on the Pacific Coast. Large numbers of settlers began arriving in the Willamette Valley in the 1830s via the Oregon Trail. In the early 1840s a new settlement began emerging ten miles from the mouth of the Willamette River and this community was initially referred to as Stumptown and The Clearing because of the many trees cut down to allow for its growth. In 1843 William Overton saw potential in the new settlement but lacked the funds to file a land claim. For 25 cents Overton agreed to half of the 640-acre site with Asa Lovejoy of Boston
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Rotterdam International Film Festival
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The International Film Festival Rotterdam is an annual film festival held in various cinemas in Rotterdam, Netherlands at the end of January. The festival also has a focus on presenting cutting edge media art and artists film. IFFR also hosts CineMart, for producers to seek funding. The International Film Festival Rotterdam management emphasizes diversity in its programming and on building relationships with. Rather than red-carpet events, the design is to encourage film makers to mingle with attendees. As a result, the festival claims having a unique atmosphere, the festival is described as having a serious commitment to film lovers and film making - screenings are shown without popcorn breaks, trailers or other commercials. This sense of purpose plays a role in attracting the best directors to the event, allowing it to forge a reputation for diversity, discovery. The first festival — then called Film International — was organized in June 1972 under the leadership of Huub Bals, iFFRs logo is a tiger, loosely based on the M. G. M. From the beginning, the festival has profiled itself as a promoter of alternative, innovative and non-commercial films, with an emphasis on the Far East and developing countries. After the festival founders sudden death in 1988, a fund was initiated and named after him, the non-competitive character of the festival changed in 1995, when the VPRO Tiger Awards were introduced—three yearly prizes for young filmmakers making their first or second film. The next year, Simon Field, formerly Cinema Director at the London Institute of Contemporary Arts, in 2004 Sandra den Hamer took over as director of the festival, and from 2007 to 2015 the director was Ruger Wolfson. Since August 2015 the leadership is in the hands of film producer Bero Beyer, despite financial difficulties in the mid-1980s, the festival has grown steadily, reaching more than 300,000 visitors in 2015. The Pathé cinema at Schouwburgplein is one of the biggest cinemas in the country, the modern edifice – located between the Schouwburg and De Doelen – is dramatically lit by night, dominating the square. De Doelen is the Central Box office during the festival Cinerama is a magnificent old cinema with 7 theaters and it has been thoroughly renovated multiple times, but retains an atmosphere that lends a special touch to the cinematic experience. The Rotterdamse Schouwburg is located in the heart of Rotterdam, on the famous Schouwburgplein and it is one of the main performing arts centers of the city, offering a wide range of critically acclaimed dance, opera and theatrical performances. Lantaren Venster is the only screening location at the side of the Maas river. Like Pathé and Cinerama, it has 7 theaters, lantaren Venster is used as a performance arts location and well known for their non-mainstream and art house programming of movies. The Tiger Award has had various sponsors over the years, in the years leading up to and including 2010 it was sponsored by the VPRO
17.
Independent Spirit Awards
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The Film Independent Spirit Awards, founded in 1984, are awards dedicated to independent filmmakers. Winners were typically presented with acrylic glass pyramids containing suspended shoestrings representing the paltry budgets of independent films, in 1986, the event was renamed the Independent Spirit Awards. Since 2006, winners have received a trophy depicting a bird with its wings spread sitting atop of a pole with the shoestrings from the previous design wrapped around the pole, Film Independent Members vote to determine the winners of the Spirit Awards. The awards show is held inside a tent on the beach in Santa Monica, California, the show is broadcast live on the IFC network, as well as Hollywood Suite in Canada and A&E Latin America. The 32nd Independent Spirit Awards ceremony, hosted by Nick Kroll and John Mulaney, was broadcast live on IFC on Saturday, official website Film Independent Film Independents channel on YouTube Film Independent at the Internet Movie Database Independent Spirit Awards at the Internet Movie Database
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Paranoid Park (film)
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Paranoid Park is a 2007 American-French drama film written and directed by Gus Van Sant. The film is based on the novel of the name by Blake Nelson and takes place in Portland. It stars Gabe Nevins as a skateboarder who accidentally kills a security guard. Van Sant wrote the script in two days after reading and deciding to adapt Nelsons novel. Filming began in October 2006 and took place at locations in. Scenes at the fictional Eastside Skatepark were filmed at Burnside Skatepark which was, like Eastside, Paranoid Park premiered on May 21, at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival and was given a limited release on March 7,2008. It grossed over US$4,481,000 from its $3 million budget, the film received mostly positive reviews, some critics praised the direction and cinematography in particular, though others believed the film to be overly stylized and slow paced. It won one Independent Spirit Award, two Boston Society of Film Critics awards and the Cannes Film Festivals special 60th anniversary prize. Alex, a 16-year-old skateboarder, rides a freight train clandestinely with a man named Scratch whom he has just met at the Eastside Skatepark, known as Paranoid Park. While the train is moving a security guard notices the pair, chases after them, during the melee, Alex hits him with his skateboard and the guard, losing balance, falls onto another track into the path of an oncoming freight train which cuts him in half. Alex tries to destroy some of the evidence, for example, he throws his skateboard into the Willamette River from the Steel Bridge, and when he arrives at his friend Jareds house, he showers and disposes of the clothes he had been wearing. Alex is later questioned at school by Detective Richard Lu, as are other students who had been skateboarding on the night in question. Throughout the film Alex keeps the incident to himself, and does not confide in anyone else, after having impassive sex with his girlfriend, Jennifer, he breaks up with her. Another of his friends, Macy, notices that he is worried about something and she advises him to write down whatever is bothering him as a cathartic release if nothing else. He initially rejects the idea, but eventually writes an account, after completing the written account, Alex burns it. At the time that he first read the novel, he was accumulating the finances for another film and his first draft of the script was written in two days, and the final draft was just 33 pages long. Similar to his 2003 film Elephant, Van Sant sought non-professional young actors to play the main roles, and so created a page for the film on social networking site MySpace. Two audition sessions were held on August 3 and August 5,2006, as well as a casting call for experienced skateboarders to act as extras in the film
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Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
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Michelle Williams (actress)
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Michelle Ingrid Williams is an American actress. She began her career with television guest appearances, and made her film debut in Lassie. She gained wider recognition for her role as Jen Lindley on the The WB series Dawsons Creek from 1998 to 2003 and she followed this with films such as Martin Scorseses Shutter Island. Her work in Blue Valentine garnered her nominations for the Golden Globe Award and she won a Golden Globe and an Independent Spirit Award for her portrayal of Marilyn Monroe in My Week with Marilyn, which also garnered her BAFTA, SAG, and Academy Award nominations. In 2016, she received acclaim for her performance in the drama Manchester by the Sea, earning her nominations from the BAFTA, SAG. On Broadway, Williams appeared in a revival of the musical Cabaret in 2014 and she received a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play nomination for the latter. Williams was born in Kalispell, Montana, the daughter of Carla Ingrid and her parents are separated, and she has one sister, Paige, and three half-siblings. Her mother is a homemaker, and her father is an author, stock and commodities trader and she has Norwegian, and smaller amounts of English, German, Danish, Swiss, Swedish, Scottish, and Welsh ancestry. As a child, Williams kept to herself and was self-sufficient, as she has said, I was really secretive with my parents, I found that by keeping to myself I got on OK. When Williams was nine, her moved to San Diego. She became interested in acting at an age when she saw a local production of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Williams began her career in the early 1990s by making guest appearances in programs such as Step by Step. In 1993, she appeared as Bridget Bowers in Baywatch and she debuted in the adventure film Lassie. In Species, she portrayed the younger version of Sil, an alien-human who grows up to become the character played by Natasha Henstridge. At age 15, with her parents approval, she filed for emancipation from them, after completing ninth grade at Santa Fe Christian Schools, in Solana Beach, California, she left school because of severe bullying. Subsequently, Williams was home-tutored by her father and later graduated with a GED from a correspondence school and she moved to Los Angeles and quickly secured a role in Dawsons Creek. Williams said later that she thought she knew all she needed to know since age 15 and she said in 2011 that she chose emancipation as she was influenced by other young actors doing it. In 1997, unhappy with the roles they were being offered, Williams and it was sold, but nothing happened with it
21.
Golden Lion
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The Golden Lion is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the committee and is now regarded as one of the film industrys most distinguished prizes. In 1970, a second Golden Lion was introduced, this is an award for people who have made an important contribution to cinema. The prize was introduced in 1949 as the Golden Lion of Saint Mark, previously, the equivalent prize was the Gran Premio Internazionale di Venezia, awarded in 1947 and 1948. Before that, from 1934 until 1942, the highest awards were the Coppa Mussolini for Best Italian Film, no Golden Lions were awarded between 1969 and 1979. Sixty-eight produced a dramatic fracture with the past,14 French films have been awarded the Golden Lion, more than that of any other nation. However, there is considerable diversity in the winners. Five American filmmakers have won the Golden Lion, with awards for John Cassavetes and Robert Altman, as well as Ang Lee, Darren Aronofsky and Sofia Coppola. The Golden Lion, by contrast, has awarded to ten Asians during the same time period. Ang Lee won the Golden Lion twice within three years during the 2000s, once for an American film and once for a Chinese-language film, zhang Yimou has also won twice. Other Asians to win the Golden Lion since 1980 include Jia Zhangke, Hou Hsiao-Hsien, Tsai Ming-liang, Trần Anh Hùng, Takeshi Kitano, Kim Ki-duk, Jafar Panahi, Mira Nair, and Lav Diaz. Russian filmmakers have won the Golden Lion several times, including since the end of the USSR. Still, to date 33 of the 54 winners were European men, since 1949 only four women have ever won the Golden Lion for directing, Mira Nair, Sofia Coppola, German Margarethe von Trotta and Belgiums Agnès Varda. In comparison to the other major Western European festivals, the Berlinales Golden Bear has also awarded to four women. In the history of Cannes, only one woman filmmaker has been awarded the Palme dOr
22.
70th Venice International Film Festival
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The 70th annual Venice Film Festival took place in Venice, Italy from 28 August to 7 September 2013. American film director William Friedkin was presented with an achievement award. Italian film director Bernardo Bertolucci was the President of the Jury and he was previously the President of the Jury at the 40th edition in 1983. Gravity, directed by Alfonso Cuarón, was the film of the festival. Italian actress Eva Riccobono hosted the opening and closing nights of the festival, the Golden Lion was awarded to the Italian documentary film Sacro GRA. It was the first documentary film to win the award at the Venice Festival
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Bard College
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Bard College, founded in 1860, is a private liberal arts college in Annandale-on-Hudson, a hamlet in Dutchess County, New York, United States, in the town of Red Hook. The campus overlooks the Hudson River and Catskill Mountains, and is within the Hudson River Historic District, the institution consists of a liberal arts college, a conservatory, as well as eight graduate programs offering over 20 graduate degrees in the arts and sciences. The undergraduate student-to-faculty ratio is 10,1, the college has a network of over thirty-five affiliated programs, institutes, and centers, spanning twelve cities, five states, seven countries, and four continents. Bards Annandale campus serves as an important regional cultural institution, both the CCS Hessel Museum of Contemporary Art and the Richard B. Fisher Center for the Performing Arts are located on campus. The college also hosts two acclaimed annual arts festivals, Bard SummerScape, and the Bard Music Festival, during much of the nineteenth century, the land now owned by Bard was mainly composed of several country estates. These estates were called Blithewood, Bartlett, Sands, Crugers Island, in 1853, John Bard and Margaret Bard purchased a part of the Blithewood estate and renamed it Annandale. John Bard was the grandson of Samuel Bard, a prominent doctor, a founder of Columbia Universitys medical school, John Bard was also the nephew of the Rev. John McVickar, a professor at Columbia University. The family had connections with the Episcopal Church and Columbia. The following year, in 1854, John and Margaret established a school on their estate in order to educate the areas children. A wood-frame cottage, known today as Bard Hall, served as a school on weekdays, in 1857, the Bards expanded the parish by building the Chapel of the Holy Innocents next to Bard Hall. During this time, John Bard remained in contact with the New York leaders of the Episcopal Church. The Church suggested that he found a theological college, with the promise of outside financial support, John Bard donated the unfinished Chapel, and the surrounding 18 acres, to the diocese in November 1858. In March 1860, St. Stephens College was founded, in 1861, construction began on the first St. Stephens College building, a stone collegiate gothic dormitory called Aspinwall. During its initial years, the college relied on wealthy benefactors, the college began taking shape within four decades. In 1866, Ludlow Hall, a building, was erected. Preston Hall was built in 1873 and used as a refectory, a set of four dormitories, collectively known as Stone Row, were completed in 1891. And in 1895, the Greek revival Hoffman Memorial Library was built, the school officially changed its name to Bard College in 1934 in honor of its founder. In the 20th century, social and cultural changes amongst New Yorks high society would bring about the demise of the great estates
24.
Laura Dern
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Laura Elizabeth Dern is an American actress. Dern won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film for the 1992 film Afterburn and she is known for her collaborations with filmmaker David Lynch, having appeared in three of his films and the upcoming revival of Twin Peaks. The poet, writer, and Librarian of Congress Archibald MacLeish was her great-great-uncle, laura Derns film debut was a cameo in her mothers film White Lightning. She also made a appearance in Alice Doesnt Live Here Anymore. Her mother objected to her 13-year-old daughters presence on the set of Ladies and Gentlemen, The Fabulous Stains, in 1982, she became the youngest-ever winner of Miss Golden Globe. Dern began working with acting coach Sandra Seacat in 1984, Dern would later attribute Seacat with a dramatic transformation in her life and work. Between 1985 and 1990, Dern gained critical acclaim for roles in Mask, Blue Velvet, Derns starring role in Blue Velvet was a breakthrough though her next notable film, Wild at Heart, took almost four years to be released. Derns affiliation with David Lynch has continued with her role in Inland Empire, Dern starred as Dr. Ellie Sattler in Steven Spielbergs 1993 film Jurassic Park. That same year, Clint Eastwood contacted the actress for his film A Perfect World and she also starred as Ruth in the 1996 film Citizen Ruth, the directorial debut of Alexander Payne. Derns mother makes a appearance, playing Derns characters mother. In 1997, Dern was featured in Widespread Panics music video for their song, Aunt Avis, in 1998, Dern co-starred in Jodie Fosters film The Baby Dance. While dating Thornton in 1999, she was cast as his love interest in his film Daddy and Them, Dern also appeared in Joe Johnstons film October Sky. Robert Altman called upon Derns talents to play a Champagne-loving Aunt in his Texas-based comedy Dr. T & the Women in 2000 and she co-starred in Within These Walls and Arthur Millers Focus. She had a role in Jurassic Park III, and was a supporting actress in the film I Am Sam. She starred in the 2002 film Damaged Care and the 2004 film We Dont Live Here Anymore, Dern starred in the 2005 film Happy Endings, and in the same year, she appeared in the film The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio. In 2006, David Lynch and Dern reunited for Inland Empire and, also in 2006, Dern had a supporting role in Lonely Hearts. Mike White, known for writing School of Rock and The Good Girl, hired Dern for his debut in 2007. In 2008 Dern starred in Recount for which she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress - Series, Miniseries or Television Film
25.
Kristen Stewart
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Kristen Jaymes Stewart is an American actress and model. Born in Los Angeles to parents working in business, Stewart began her acting career in 1997 with uncredited roles. She gained notice in 2002 for playing Jodie Fosters daughter in the thriller Panic Room and she went on to star in Speak, Catch That Kid, Zathura, and Into The Wild, for which she was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award. She received widespread recognition in 2008 for playing Bella Swan in The Twilight Saga film series, Stewart has appeared in a wide variety of films, including Adventureland, The Runaways, Snow White and the Huntsman, On the Road, Camp X-Ray, Still Alice and Equals. She won the BAFTA Rising Star Award in 2010 and was awarded the Milan International Film Festival Award for Best Actress in 2011 for Welcome to the Rileys. She starred in Personal Shopper, written for her by director Olivier Assayras, Stewart was listed as the highest-earning female actress in the Vanity Fair Hollywood Top Earners List of 2010, with an estimated earning of $28.5 million. In 2011, she was named number one on Forbes list of Hollywoods Best Actors for the Buck, Forbes also named her as the highest paid actress in 2012, with total earnings of $34.5 million. She is the face of Chanel and Balenciaga fashion brands, Stewart was born and raised in Los Angeles. Both of her parents work in the entertainment industry and her father, John Stewart, is a stage manager and television producer who has worked for Fox and currently works on Comedy Central show @midnight. Her mother, Jules Mann-Stewart, is originally from Maroochydore, Queensland and she is a script supervisor and has also directed a film, the 2012 prison drama K-11. She has a brother, Cameron B. Stewart, and two adopted brothers, Dana and Taylor, Stewart attended local schools until the seventh grade. As she became involved in acting, she continued her education by correspondence until completing high school. As she grew up with a family who worked behind the camera, Stewart thought she would become a screenwriter/director and she recalled, I never wanted to be the center of attention — I wasnt that I want to be famous, I want to be an actor kid. I never sought out acting, but I always practiced my autograph because I love pens, Id write my name on everything. She began acting at 8, after an agent saw her perform in her elementary schools Christmas play, after auditioning for a year, Stewart gained her first role with a small, nonspeaking part in the Disney Channel TV-movie The Thirteenth Year. Her next film was The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas, where she played the ring toss girl and she also appeared in the independent film The Safety of Objects, as the tomboy daughter of a troubled single mother. Stewart also played a tomboy, diabetic daughter of a mother in the film Panic Room
26.
BFI London Film Festival
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The British Film Institute London Film Festival is an annual film festival held in the United Kingdom, running in the second half of October with cooperation from the British Film Institute. It screens more than 300 films, documentaries and shorts from approximately 50 countries, in 1953 a group of critics including Dilys Powell of the The Sunday Times, raised the notion of a film festival for London. They reasoned that with Cannes and Venice, as did Edinburgh, had their own, however, the proposition was squared at the press - giving audience a chance to see movies that dont normally release in British cinemas. Originally to be a festival of festivals, it focused on screening a selection of titles from other European film festivals, including Cannes. The first London Film Festival was conceived by James Quinn, and it was launched after the inauguration of the new NFT on its current site under Waterloo Bridge. It screened only 15-20 films from a selection of directors, including Akira Kurosawa, Satyajit Ray, Yasujirō Ozu, Luchino Visconti. While the programme still retains the feel, it also now shows new discoveries from important. Whilst it continues to be first and foremost a public festival, it is attended by large numbers of film professionals. Importantly, it offers opportunities for people to see films that may not otherwise get a UK screening along with films which will get a release in the near future. Previously a number of awards were presented at the Closing gala, but in 2009, with the aid of some funding from the UK Film Council. The 2009 Festival featured 15 world premieres including Wes Anderson’s first animated feature, in addition to Fantastic Mr. Fox and Up In The Air, George Clooney supported his role in The Men Who Stare At Goats. On August 2016, American distributor A24s Free Fire was chosen to close the 2016 London Film Festival, the Sutherland Trophy – for the most original and innovative first feature in the London Film Festival. Named after the BFI’s patron, this award boasts recipients as noteworthy as Bertolucci, Fassbinder, Godard, the Grierson Award – for the best feature-length documentary in the festival. This award is given jointly by the LFF and the Grierson Trust which commemorates the pioneering Scottish documentary-maker John Grierson, famous for Drifters, the Grierson Trust has a long-standing tradition of recognising outstanding films that demonstrate integrity, originality and technical excellence and social or cultural significance. From 2009, a new standalone awards ceremony was launched which included the awards, Best Film – celebrates creative, original, imaginative, intelligent. BFI Fellowships – the Festival showcases both the work of new film-makers and established ones, and presenting two Fellowships provides a fitting contrast to those Awards recognising new talent, jonathan Caouette 7th FIPRESCI International Critics Award Aaltra, dir. Gustave de Kervern and Benoit Delepine The Alfred Dunhill UK Film Talent Award A Way Of Life, amma Asante 9th Annual Satyajit Ray Award The Woodsman, dir. Nicole Kassell TCM Classic Shorts Award Nits, dir, harry Wootliff The Sutherland Trophy For the Living and the Dead, dir
27.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
28.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
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Integrated Authority File
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The Integrated Authority File or GND is an international authority file for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies from catalogues. It is used mainly for documentation in libraries and increasingly also by archives, the GND is managed by the German National Library in cooperation with various regional library networks in German-speaking Europe and other partners. The GND falls under the Creative Commons Zero license, the GND specification provides a hierarchy of high-level entities and sub-classes, useful in library classification, and an approach to unambiguous identification of single elements. It also comprises an ontology intended for knowledge representation in the semantic web, available in the RDF format
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