1.
Baylor University
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Baylor University is a private Baptist university in Waco, Texas. It is the largest Baptist university in the world, the universitys 1, 000-acre campus is located on the banks of the Brazos River next to I-35, between the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex and Austin. Baylor Universitys athletic teams, known as the Bears, participate in 19 intercollegiate sports, the university is a member of the Big 12 Conference in the NCAA Division I. In 1841,35 delegates to the Union Baptist Association meeting voted to adopt the suggestion of Rev. William Milton Tryon, Baylor to establish a Baptist university in Texas, then an independent republic. Baylor, a Texas district judge and onetime U. S, congressman and soldier from Alabama, became the schools namesake. In the fall of 1844, the Texas Baptist Education Society petitioned the Congress of the Republic of Texas to charter a Baptist university, Republic President Anson Jones signed the Act of Congress on February 1,1845, officially establishing Baylor University. The founders built the university campus in Independence, Texas. Rev. James Huckins, the first Southern Baptist missionary to Texas, was Baylors first full-time fundraiser and he is considered the third founding father of the university. Although these three men are credited as being the founders of the university, many others worked to see the first university established in Texas, the noted Texas revolutionary war leader and hero Sam Houston gave the first $5,000 donation to start the university. In 1854, Houston was also baptized by the Rev. Rufus Columbus Burleson, future Baylor President, during the 1846 school year Baylor leaders would begin including chapel as part of the Baylor educational experience. The tradition continues today and has been a part of the life of students for over 160 years. Baylor and Abner S. Lipscomb of the Texas Supreme Court began teaching classes in the science of law, making Baylor the first in Texas, during this time Stephen Decatur Rowe would earn the first degree awarded by Baylor. He would be followed by the first female graduate, Mary Kavanaugh Gentry, in 1851, Baylors second president Rufus Columbus Burleson decided to separate the students by sex, making the Baylor Female College an independent and separate institution. Baylor University became an all-male institution, during this time, Baylor thrived as the only university west of the Mississippi offering instruction in law, mathematics, and medicine. At the time a Baylor education cost around $8–$15 per term for tuition, and many of the early leaders of the Republic of Texas, such as Sam Houston, would later send their children to Baylor to be educated. For the first half of the American Civil War, the Baylor president was George Washington Baines, maternal great-grandfather of the future U. S. President, Lyndon Baines Johnson. He worked vigorously to sustain the university during the Civil War, following the war, the city of Independence slowly declined, primarily caused by the rise of neighboring cities being serviced by the Santa Fe Railroad. Because Independence lacked a railroad line, university fathers began searching for a location to build a new campus, beginning in 1885, Baylor University moved to Waco, Texas, a growing town on the railroad line
Baylor University
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This statue of Judge Baylor is at the front of Founder's Mall in the heart of campus
Baylor University
Baylor University
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Judge R. E. B. Baylor
Baylor University
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Burleson Quadrangle in the early 1900s
2.
Solicitor General of the United States
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The United States Solicitor General is the third-highest-ranking official in the U. S. Department of Justice. The United States Solicitor General is the appointed to represent the federal government of the United States before the Supreme Court of the United States. The current Acting Solicitor General, Jeffrey Wall, took office on March 10,2017, the Solicitor General determines the legal position that the United States will take in the Supreme Court. In the federal courts of appeal, the Office of the Solicitor General reviews cases decided against the United States and determines whether the government will seek review in the Supreme Court. The Office of the Solicitor General also reviews cases decided against the United States in the district courts. The Solicitor General is assisted by four Deputy Solicitors General and seventeen Assistants to the Solicitor General, three of the deputies are career attorneys in the Department of Justice. The remaining deputy is known as the Principal Deputy, sometimes called the deputy and, like the Solicitor General. The current Principal Deputy is Jeffrey B, Wall, who succeeded Noel J. Francisco after Francisco was nominated to be Solicitor General in March 2017. The other deputies currently are Michael Dreeben, Edwin Kneedler, the Solicitor General or one of the deputies typically argues the most important cases in the Supreme Court. Cases not argued by the Solicitor General may be argued by one of the assistants or another government attorney, the Solicitors General tend to argue 6–9 cases per Supreme Court term, while deputies argue 4–5 cases and assistants each argue 2–3 cases. As the most frequent advocate before the Court, the Office of the Solicitor General generally argues dozens of each term. As a result, the Solicitor General tends to remain particularly comfortable during oral arguments that other advocates would find intimidating, other than the justices themselves, the Solicitor General is among the most influential and knowledgeable members of the legal community with regard to Supreme Court litigation. Five Solicitors General have later served on the Supreme Court, William Howard Taft, Stanley Forman Reed, Robert H. Jackson, Thurgood Marshall, some who have had other positions in the office of the Solicitor General have also later been appointed to the Supreme Court. Only one former Solicitor General has been nominated to the Supreme Court unsuccessfully, eight other Solicitors General have served on the United States Courts of Appeals. Within the Justice Department, the Solicitor General exerts significant influence on all appeals brought by the department, the Solicitor General is the only U. S. officer that is statutorily required to be learned in law. Whenever the DOJ wins at the stage and the losing party appeals. However, if the DOJ is the party at the trial stage. For example, should the tort division lose a jury trial in district court
Solicitor General of the United States
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Incumbent
Donald B. Verrilli, Jr. since June 9, 2011
Solicitor General of the United States
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Flag of the United States Solicitor General
Solicitor General of the United States
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Benjamin H. Bristow
Solicitor General of the United States
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Samuel F. Phillips
3.
George H. W. Bush
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George Herbert Walker Bush is an American politician who was the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 and the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Republican Party, he was previously a congressman, ambassador, and he is the oldest living former President and Vice President. Prior to his sons presidency, he was referred to as George Bush or President Bush. Bush was born in Milton, Massachusetts, to Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Bush postponed his university studies, enlisted in the U. S. Navy on his 18th birthday and he served until the end of the war, then attended Yale University. Graduating in 1948, he moved his family to West Texas and entered the oil business, Bush became involved in politics soon after founding his own oil company, serving as a member of the House of Representatives and Director of Central Intelligence, among other positions. He failed to win the Republican nomination for President in 1980, but was chosen as a mate by party nominee Ronald Reagan. During his tenure, Bush headed administration task forces on deregulation, in 1988, Bush ran a successful campaign to succeed Reagan as President, defeating Democratic opponent Michael Dukakis. Foreign policy drove the Bush presidency, military operations were conducted in Panama and the Persian Gulf, the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, and the Soviet Union dissolved two years later. Domestically, Bush reneged on a 1988 campaign promise and, after a struggle with Congress and his presidential library was dedicated in 1997, and he has been active—often alongside Bill Clinton—in various humanitarian activities. Besides being the 43rd president, his son George also served as the 46th Governor of Texas and is one of only two other being John Quincy Adams—to be the son of a former president. His second son, Jeb Bush, served as the 43rd Governor of Florida, George Herbert Walker Bush was born at 173 Adams Street in Milton, Massachusetts, on June 12,1924, to Prescott Sheldon Bush and Dorothy Bush. The Bush family moved from Milton to Greenwich, Connecticut, shortly after his birth, growing up, his nickname was Poppy. Bush began his education at the Greenwich Country Day School in Greenwich. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Bush decided to join the US, Navy, so after graduating from Phillips Academy in 1942, he became a naval aviator at the age of 18. He was assigned to Torpedo Squadron as the officer in September 1943. The following year, his squadron was based on USS San Jacinto as a member of Air Group 51, during this time, the task force was victorious in one of the largest air battles of World War II, the Battle of the Philippine Sea. After Bushs promotion to Lieutenant on August 1,1944, San Jacinto commenced operations against the Japanese in the Bonin Islands, Bush piloted one of four Grumman TBM Avenger aircraft from VT-51 that attacked the Japanese installations on Chichijima
George H. W. Bush
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George H. W. Bush
George H. W. Bush
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George Bush in his
TBM Avenger on the carrier
USS San Jacinto in 1944
George H. W. Bush
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Bush with President
Dwight D. Eisenhower
George H. W. Bush
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Bush as ambassador to the United Nations, 1971
4.
John Roberts
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John Glover Roberts Jr. is the 17th and current Chief Justice of the United States. He took his seat on September 29,2005, having been nominated by President George W. Bush after the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist and he has been described as having a conservative judicial philosophy in his jurisprudence. Roberts grew up in northwest Indiana and was educated in a private school and he then attended Harvard College and Harvard Law School, where he was a managing editor of the Harvard Law Review. During this time, he argued 39 cases before the Supreme Court, during his two-year tenure on the D. C. Circuit, Roberts authored 49 opinions, eliciting two dissents from other judges, and authoring three dissents of his own, notably, he represented 19 states in United States v. Microsoft. When Chief Justice Rehnquist died before Robertss confirmation hearings began, Bush instead nominated Roberts to fill the Chief Justice position, Roberts has authored the majority opinion in many landmark cases, including Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1, Shelby County v. Holder, and National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, John Glover Roberts was born in Buffalo, New York, the son of Rosemary and John Glover Jack Roberts Sr. His father was a plant manager with Bethlehem Steel and he has Irish, Welsh, and Czech ancestry. When Roberts was in grade, his family moved to Long Beach. He grew up with three sisters, Kathy, Peggy, and Barbara, Roberts attended Notre Dame Elementary School, a Roman Catholic grade school in Long Beach. In 1973, he graduated from La Lumiere School, a Roman Catholic boarding school in La Porte, Indiana and he studied five years of Latin, some French, and was known generally for his devotion to his studies. He was captain of the team, and was a regional champion in wrestling. He participated in choir and drama, co-edited the school newspaper, and served on the athletic council and he attended Harvard College, graduating in 1976 with an A. B. summa cum laude in history in three years. He then attended Harvard Law School where he was an editor of the Harvard Law Review. He graduated from law school with a J. D. magna cum laude in 1979, after graduating from law school, Roberts served as a law clerk for Judge Henry Friendly on the Second Circuit Court of Appeals for one year. Roberts frequently cites Judge Friendly in his opinions, from 1980 to 1981, he clerked for then-Associate Justice William Rehnquist on the United States Supreme Court. From 1981 to 1982, he served in the Reagan administration as a Special Assistant to U. S. Attorney General William French Smith, from 1982 to 1986, Roberts served as Associate Counsel to the President under White House Counsel Fred Fielding. Roberts entered private law practice in 1986 as an associate at the Washington, D. C. -based law firm of Hogan & Hartson, Roberts also argued on behalf of the homeless, a case which became one of Roberts few appellate losses
John Roberts
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The Honorable John Roberts
John Roberts
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John Roberts appears in the background, as President Bush announces his nomination of Roberts for the position of Chief Justice.
John Roberts
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Roberts is sworn in as Chief Justice by Justice
John Paul Stevens in the East Room of the
White House, September 29, 2005.
John Roberts
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Barack Obama being administered the oath of office by Roberts a second time on January 21, 2009.
5.
Charles Fried
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Charles Fried is an American jurist and lawyer. He served as United States Solicitor General under President Ronald Reagan from 1985 to 1989 and he is a professor at Harvard Law School and has been a visiting professor at Columbia Law School. Fried is the author of nine books and over 30 journal articles, Fried was born in 1935 in Prague, Czechoslovakia, where his father was an important industrialist and Czech patriot. The Frieds left Czechoslovakia in 1939 to escape the anticipated Nazi persecution of Jews and he and his parents became United States citizens in 1948, after the communist takeover of Czechoslovakia. In 1960, Fried received his Bachelor of Laws degree from Columbia Law School, subsequently, he served as law clerk to Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan II. He argued 25 cases in front of the Supreme Court while in the Solicitor Generals office, in October 1985, Reagan appointed Fried as Solicitor General of the United States. Fried had previously served as Deputy Solicitor General and Acting Solicitor General, as Solicitor General, he represented the Reagan Administration before the Supreme Court in 25 cases. In 1989, when Reagan left office, Fried returned to Harvard Law School, prior to joining the court, Fried held the chair of Carter Professor of General Jurisprudence at Harvard Law School. On July 1,1999, he returned to Harvard Law School as a member of the faculty. He is the author of nine books and over 30 journal articles, on September 27,2010, he and Gregory Fried discussed their book Because It Is Wrong, Torture, Privacy, and Presidential Power in the Age of Terror at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. To see the discussion, click the link below, Fried has been Orgain Lecturer at the University of Texas, Tanner Lecturer on Human Values at Stanford University, and Harris Lecturer on Medical Ethics at the Harvard Medical School. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1971–72, Fried is a member of the National Academy of Sciencess Institute of Medicine, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Law Institute. In September 2005, Fried testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee in support of the nomination of John Roberts to become Chief Justice of the United States. Fried testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee and wrote a New York Times op-ed in support of Alito, who had served under him in the Solicitor Generals office. On October 24,2008, despite his previous support for the aspirations of Senator John McCain. Fried cited Senator McCains selection of Governor Sarah Palin as his mate as the principal reason for his decision to vote for Senator Obama. As president of the Harvard Law Review in 1990, Obama had published an article Fried wrote criticizing the effects of race-based affirmative action, so it was more of an erasure than a public affirmation—although obviously my vote meant that I thought that Obama was preferable to McCain-Palin. I do not consider abstention a proper option, in February 2011, Fried testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee in support of President Obamas health care reform law. ”We hear that quite a lot
Charles Fried
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Charles Fried
Charles Fried
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Fried speaking at Harvard Law School in 2009.
6.
Drew S. Days III
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Drew Saunders Days III is an American lawyer, who served as United States Solicitor General from 1993 to 1996 under President Bill Clinton. He also served as the first African American Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division in the Carter Administration from 1977 to 1980. He is the Alfred M. Rankin Professor of Law at Yale Law School, assuming that post in 1992 and he earned his law degree at Yale Law School in 1966. He has been admitted to practice law before the United States Supreme Court and he graduated from New Rochelle High School in New Rochelle, New York, before going on to earn an undergraduate degree from Hamilton College, and a law degree from Yale Law School. Upon graduation from law school, he practiced law in Chicago, Illinois. Returning to the United States in 1969, he became first assistant counsel at the NAACP Legal Defense, Days worked at LDF for eight years litigating a range of civil rights cases. In 1977, President Jimmy Carter nominated him to serve as the Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights in the United States Department of Justice and his tenure was marked by an aggressive enforcement of the nation’s civil rights laws. Mr. Days served in the Department of Justice until 1981 when he joined the faculty of the Yale Law School, in 1988 he founded the Orville H. Schell Jr. Center for Human Rights at Yale Law School and served as its director until 1993, in 1993 he was nominated by President Clinton to serve as Solicitor General in the Department of Justice. In that position, he was responsible for representing the positions, shortly after his appointment, he argued to the Supreme Court that the lower courts decision in Knox v. United States was wrong, even though it had found in favor of the government. He urged the Supreme Court to vacate Knoxs conviction for possession of child pornography, after leaving the Clinton administration, he returned to Yale Law School and private practice. Days also serves as a trustee at Hamilton College, in 2011, Hamilton opened the Days-Massolo Center with the goal of promoting diversity awareness and fostering dialogue among the wide variety of cultures represented on campus. The center is dedicated to Days and fellow Hamilton trustee Arthur J. Massolo, Days, III, Drew S. Days, J. concurring, in Balkan, Jack, Ackerman, Bruce A. What Brown v. Board of Education should have said, New York, New York University Press, pp. 92–99, Civil Rights Greensboro, Drew S. Days, III Yale Law School Faculty Profile Answers. com Profile of Drew S. Days, III
Drew S. Days III
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Drew Saunders Days III
7.
Vernon, Texas
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Vernon is a city in Wilbarger County, Texas, United States. It is the county seat, and as of the 2010 Census had a population of 11,002, the original town was called Eagle Springs by the Tonkawa Indians as early as 1858. After the American Civil War, more settlers began moving in the area, post Office rejected the name, saying too many Texas towns were already called Eagle something. The town then chose the name Vernon, after George Washingtons home, an estimated seven million head of cattle passed through Vernon on the Great Western Cattle Trail between 1873 and the 1890s. The historic trail was located ninety miles west of and parallel to the better-known Chisholm Trail, Vernon is located at 34°09′04″N 99°17′26″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has an area of 8.1 square miles. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Vernon has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated Cfa on climate maps. As of the census of 2000, there were 11,660 people,4,506 households, the population density was 1,439.2 people per square mile. There were 5,166 housing units at a density of 637.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 76. 33% White,9. 65% African American,0. 69% Native American,0. 71% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,10. 72% from other races, and 1. 89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 22. 39% of the population,31. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 16. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the family size was 3.07. In the city, the population was out with 26. 6% under the age of 18,10. 1% from 18 to 24,25. 2% from 25 to 44,20. 9% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males, the median income for a household in the city was $28,194, and the median income for a family was $36,913. Males had an income of $25,167 versus $18,971 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,747, about 10. 2% of families and 14. 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17. 2% of those under age 18 and 14. 6% of those age 65 or over. In 1905, the Wichita Mill and Elevator Company, owned and managed by the entrepreneur Frank Kell of Wichita Falls, kells business partner was W. O. Anderson
Vernon, Texas
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Vernon City Hall
Vernon, Texas
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A glimpse of downtown Vernon, with Waggoner National Bank in the left background
Vernon, Texas
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The
Red River Valley Museum is located on the Vernon College campus.
Vernon, Texas
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Vernon College is a
community college in Vernon
8.
Texas
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Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Other major cities include Austin, the second most populous state capital in the U. S. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the states struggle for independence from Mexico. The Lone Star can be found on the Texan state flag, the origin of Texass name is from the word Tejas, which means friends in the Caddo language. Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, although Texas is popularly associated with the U. S. southwestern deserts, less than 10 percent of Texas land area is desert. Most of the centers are located in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, the term six flags over Texas refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas, Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845, Texas joined the United States as the 28th state, the states annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican–American War in 1846. A slave state before the American Civil War, Texas declared its secession from the U. S. in early 1861, after the Civil War and the restoration of its representation in the federal government, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation. One Texan industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle, due to its long history as a center of the industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy. The states economic fortunes changed in the early 20th century, when oil discoveries initiated a boom in the state. With strong investments in universities, Texas developed a diversified economy, as of 2010 it shares the top of the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with California at 57. With a growing base of industry, the leads in many industries, including agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace. Texas has led the nation in export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product. The name Texas, based on the Caddo word tejas meaning friends or allies, was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, during Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas, La Provincia de Texas. Texas is the second largest U. S. state, behind Alaska, though 10 percent larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan, it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size. If it were an independent country, Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile, Texas is in the south central part of the United States of America. Three of its borders are defined by rivers, the Rio Grande forms a natural border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south
Texas
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Sam Rayburn Reservoir
Texas
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Flag
Texas
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Texas Hill Country
Texas
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Big Bend National Park.
9.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
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Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
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Flag
United States
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The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
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The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
10.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
Democratic Party (United States)
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Andrew Jackson was the first Democratic
President of the United States
Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party (United States)
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The three leaders of the Democratic party during the first half of the 20th century: President
Woodrow Wilson (nominated in 1912 and '16) Sec. of State
William J. Bryan (nominated in 1896, 1900 and 1908),
Josephus Daniels,
Breckinridge Long,
William Phillips, and
Franklin D. Roosevelt (nominated for VP in 1920 and for president in 1932, 36,'40 and 44)
Democratic Party (United States)
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John F. Kennedy,
35th President of the United States (1961–1963)
11.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883. The Republicans supported the pietistic Protestants who demanded Prohibition, nevertheless, by 1890 the Republicans had agreed to the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Interstate Commerce Commission in response to complaints from owners of small businesses and farmers
Republican Party (United States)
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Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican U.S. President (1861–1865).
Republican Party (United States)
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Theodore Roosevelt,
26th President of the United States (1901–1909)
Republican Party (United States)
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Dwight Eisenhower,
34th President of the United States (1953–1961)
Republican Party (United States)
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Richard Nixon,
37th President of the United States (1969–1974)
12.
George Washington University
–
The George Washington University is a private research university in Washington, D. C. GW is the largest institution of education in Washington, D. C. In his will, Washington left his 50 shares in the Potomac Company to help endow the university, however, due to the companys financial difficulties, the funding did not materialize. The university was chartered by an act of Congress on February 9,1821 and its name was changed to Columbian University in 1873 and to the George Washington University in 1904, in honor of Washington. GWs Graduate School of Political Management is the school of applied politics in the nations capital. GWs professional schools and the Elliott School of International Affairs are consistently ranked highly in national and international college rankings lists, the Princeton Review consistently ranks GW as one of the Most Politically Active schools. Some of the graduates have gone on to high positions within both the U. S. government and foreign governments. Notable alumni include former Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid, former Secretary of State Colin Powell and he presented numerous letters to Congress and included the subject in his last will and testament. Baptist missionary and leading minister Luther Rice raised funds to purchase a site in Washington, the first commencement in 1824 was considered an important event for the young city of Washington, D. C. In attendance were President Monroe, John C, Calhoun, Henry Clay, Marquis de Lafayette and other dignitaries. During the Civil War, most students left to join the Confederacy, walt Whitman was among many of the volunteers to work on the campus. Following the war, in 1873, Columbian College became the Columbian University and moved to a downtown location centered on 15th and H streets. The university moved its operations to the D. C. neighborhood of Foggy Bottom in 1912. The George Washington University, like much of Washington, D. C. traces many of its origins back to the Freemasons, the Bible that the presidents of the university use to swear an oath on upon inauguration is the Bible of Freemason George Washington. Freemasonry symbols are displayed throughout the campus including the foundation stones of many of the university buildings. Many of the Colleges of the George Washington University stand out for their age, the Law School is the oldest law school in the District of Columbia. The School of Medicine and Health Sciences is the 11th oldest medical school in the nation, the Columbian College was founded in 1821, and is the oldest unit of the university. The Elliott School of International Affairs was formalized in 1898, the majority of the present infrastructure and financial stability at GW is due to the tenures of Presidents Cloyd Heck Marvin, Lloyd Hartman Elliott and Stephen Joel Trachtenberg
George Washington University
–
George Washington, the university's namesake
George Washington University
–
The George Washington University
George Washington University
–
The historic
1925 F Street Club currently serves as the President's Residence.
International Monetary Fund buildings are seen behind it.
George Washington University
–
The Midcampus Walk, through Professor's Gate, leading to Monroe Court and Kogan Plaza
13.
Bachelor of Arts
–
A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
Bachelor of Arts
–
A certificate or diploma evidencing the granting of a bachelor's degree
14.
Brown University
–
Brown is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine Colonial Colleges established before the American Revolution. At its foundation, Brown was the first college in the United States to accept students regardless of their religious affiliation and its engineering program was established in 1847 and was the first in the Ivy League. It was one of the early doctoral-granting U. S. institutions in the late 19th century, adding master, Browns New Curriculum is sometimes referred to in education theory as the Brown Curriculum and was adopted by faculty vote in 1969 after a period of student lobbying. In 1971, Browns coordinate womens institution Pembroke College was fully merged into the university, Pembroke Campus now operates as a place for dorms and classrooms. Undergraduate admissions is very selective, with a rate of 8.3 percent for the class of 2021. The University comprises The College, the Graduate School, Alpert Medical School, the School of Engineering, the School of Public Health, and the School of Professional Studies. The Brown/RISD Dual Degree Program, offered in conjunction with the Rhode Island School of Design, is a course that awards degrees from both institutions. Browns main campus is located in the College Hill Historic District in the city of Providence, the Universitys neighborhood is a federally listed architectural district with a dense concentration of Colonial-era buildings. On the western edge of the campus, Benefit Street contains one of the finest cohesive collections of restored seventeenth-, Browns faculty and alumni include eight Nobel Prize laureates, five National Humanities Medalists, and ten National Medal of Science laureates. Other notable alumni include eight billionaire graduates, a U. S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, to erect a public Building or Buildings for the boarding of the youth & the Residence of the Professors. Stiles and Ellery were co-authors of the Charter of the College two years later, there is further documentary evidence that Stiles was making plans for a college in 1762. On January 20, Chauncey Whittelsey, pastor of the First Church of New Haven, answered a letter from Stiles, should you make any Progress in the Affair of a Colledge, I should be glad to hear of it, I heartily wish you Success therein. Isaac Backus was the historian of the New England Baptists and an inaugural Trustee of Brown, Mr. James Manning, who took his first degree in New-Jersey college in September,1762, was esteemed a suitable leader in this important work. Manning arrived at Newport in July 1763 and was introduced to Stiles, stiless first draft was read to the General Assembly in August 1763 and rejected by Baptist members who worried that the College Board of Fellows would under-represent the Baptists. A revised Charter written by Stiles and Ellery was adopted by the Assembly on March 3,1764, in September 1764, the inaugural meeting of the College Corporation was held at Newport. Governor Stephen Hopkins was chosen chancellor, former and future governor Samuel Ward was vice chancellor, John Tillinghast treasurer, the Charter stipulated that the Board of Trustees be composed of 22 Baptists, five Quakers, five Episcopalians, and four Congregationalists. Of the 12 Fellows, eight should be Baptists—including the College president—and the rest indifferently of any or all Denominations, the Charter was not the grant of King George III, as is sometimes supposed, but rather an Act of the colonial General Assembly. In two particulars, the Charter may be said to be a uniquely progressive document, the oft-repeated statement is inaccurate that Browns Charter alone prohibited a religious test for College membership, other college charters were also liberal in that particular
Brown University
–
Stephen Hopkins, first chancellor of Brown, governor of Rhode Island, and
signer of the
Declaration of Independence
Brown University
–
The
Ezra Stiles copy of the Brown University Charter of 1764
Brown University
–
Nicholas Brown, Junior, founder of the
Providence Athenaeum, co-founder of
Butler Hospital, philanthropist, progressive, and
abolitionist. Following his major gift in 1804, the College was renamed Brown University. Painting by
Chester Harding, 1836
Brown University
–
Brigadier general
James Mitchell Varnum, class of 1769, served in the
Continental Army and advocated the enlistment of African Americans, which resulted in the reformation of the
1st Rhode Island Regiment as an all-black unit. Painting by
Charles Willson Peale, 1804
15.
Duke University School of Law
–
Duke University School of Law is the law school and a constituent academic unit of Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States. One of Dukes 10 schools and colleges, the School of Law began as the Trinity College School of Law in 1868, in 1924, following the renaming of Trinity College to Duke University, the school was renamed the Duke University School of Law. Notable alumni include former President of the United States Richard Nixon, esteemed television personality Charlie Rose, on average, 95% of students are employed at graduation, with a median starting salary in the private sector of over $160,000. Duke Law is consistently ranked as one of the top law schools in the United States, according to U. S. News Report, Duke Law is ranked the #10 law school in the United States. Duke Law is routinely ranked within the top 14 law schools in the country, and is a member of the T-14 law schools, Duke Law along with only two other T-14 schools has graduated a President of the United States. In 2011, law firm recruiters ranked Duke Law as the 8th best law school in the country, in addition, Duke Law was ranked by Forbes as having graduated lawyers with the 2nd highest median mid-career salary amount. In the Above The Law Rankings, Duke Law ranks within the top ten law schools at #6 based on long-term employment data, large firm placement, and federal clerkship placements. It currently is ranked the #8 best law school by the 2015 U. S. News Rankings and has remained in the T-14 since U. S. News began ranking law schools. In fact, it has never ranked lower than 12th by U. S. News. The law school is well known for the strength of its alumni network. The law schools career services office regularly keeps in contact with Duke Law alumni, Duke Law is one of the most selective law schools in the United States. The law school is one of few that have experienced an increase in law school applications despite a national decline of applications in recent years. For the class entering in the fall of 2014,221 students enrolled out of 5,358 applicants, the 25th and 75th LSAT percentiles for the 2014 entering class were 166 and 170, respectively, with a median of 169. The 25th and 75th undergraduate GPA percentiles were 3.66 and 3.85, respectively, the School has approximately 640 J. D. students and 75 students in the LL. M. and S. J. D. In 1855 Trinity College, the precursor to Duke University, began offering lectures on Constitutional and International Law, in 1865, Trinitys Law Department was officially founded, while 1868 marked the official chartering of the School of Law. After a ten-year hiatus from 1894 to 1904, James B, Duke and Benjamin Newton Duke provided the endowment to reopen the school, with Samuel Fox Mordecai as its senior professor. When Trinity College became part of the newly created Duke University upon the establishment of the Duke Endowment in 1924, in 1930, the Law School moved from the Carr Building on Dukes East Campus to a new location on the main quad of West Campus. During the three years preceding this move, the size of the law library tripled, among other well-known alumni, President Richard Nixon graduated from the school in 1937
Duke University School of Law
–
Built in 1929, the Languages Building (as it is currently known) was the home of Duke Law from 1930 to 1962
Duke University School of Law
–
The present location of the Duke University School of Law, on Science Drive
Duke University School of Law
–
The Trinity College School of Law was located in the Carr Building prior to the renaming of Trinity to
Duke University in 1924
Duke University School of Law
–
President Nixon
16.
Juris Doctor
–
The Juris Doctor degree, also known as the Doctor of Jurisprudence degree, is a graduate-entry professional degree in law and one of several Doctor of Law degrees. It is earned by completing law school in Australia, Canada and the United States and it has the academic standing of a second-entry, professional baccalaureate degree in Canada, a masters degree in Australia and a professional doctorate in the United States. The degree was first awarded in the United States in the early 20th century and was created as a version of the old European doctor of law degree. Originating from the 19th century Harvard movement for the study of law. It involves a program in most jurisdictions. To be authorized to practice law in the courts of a state in the United States. Lawyers must, however, be admitted to the bar of the court before they are authorized to practice in that court. Admission to the bar of a district court includes admission to the bar of the related bankruptcy court. In the United States, the doctorate in law may be conferred in Latin or in English, as Juris Doctor and at some law schools Doctor of Law. Juris Doctor literally means Teacher of Law, while the Latin for Doctor of Jurisprudence—Jurisprudentiae Doctor—literally means Teacher of Legal Knowledge, the J. D. is not to be confused with Doctor of Laws or Legum Doctor. In institutions where the latter can be earned, e. g. D, the LL. D. is invariably an honorary degree in the United States. The first university in Europe, the University of Bologna, was founded as a school of law by four famous legal scholars in the 11th century who were students of the school in that city. This served as the model for law schools of the Middle Ages. While Bologna granted only doctorates, preparatory degrees were introduced in Paris, the nature of the J. D. can be better understood by a review of the context of the history of legal education in England. The teaching of law at Cambridge and Oxford Universities was mainly for philosophical or scholarly purposes, the universities taught only civil and canon law but not the common law that applied in most jurisdictions. The original method of education at the Inns of Court was a mix of moot court-like practice and lecture, by the fifteenth century, the Inns functioned like a university akin to the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, though very specialized in purpose. With the frequent absence of parties to suits during the Crusades, the importance of the role grew tremendously. The apprenticeship program for solicitors thus emerged, structured and governed by the rules as the apprenticeship programs for the trades
Juris Doctor
–
Example of a diploma from
Suffolk University Law School conferring the Juris Doctor degree.
Juris Doctor
–
The
Inns of Court of London served as a professional school for lawyers in England
Juris Doctor
–
Tapping Reeve, founder of the first law school in North America, the
Litchfield Law School, in 1773
Juris Doctor
–
Joseph Story, U.S. Supreme Court Justice, lecturer of law at Harvard and proponent of the scientific study of law
17.
Presidency of Bill Clinton
–
The presidency of Bill Clinton began on January 20,1993 at noon Eastern Standard Time, when Bill Clinton was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on January 20,2001. His running mate, Al Gore, took office as Vice President on the same day, Clinton, a Democrat, took office after defeating Republican incumbent President George H. W. Bush and Independent businessman Ross Perot in the 1992 presidential election. Four years later, he defeated Republican Bob Dole and Ross Perot to win a term of office. During both elections, Clinton ran as a New Democrat, and many of many of his administrations policy proposals reflected his centrist, Third Way thinking. He was succeeded in office by Republican George W. Bush, months into his first term, he signed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, which raised taxes and set the stage for future budget surpluses. He also signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement, a trade pact negotiated by President George H. W. Bush among the United States, Canada, and Mexico. His most ambitious legislative initiative, a plan to provide health care. Clintons party suffered a strong rebuke in the 1994 elections, the Republican Revolution, as the 1994 elections came to be known, empowered Congressional Republicans led by Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich to propose several conservative policies. While Clinton vetoed many of these policies, he signed some, including the Personal Responsibility. After disagreements with Congressional Republicans led to two shutdowns of the government between 1995 and 1996. In foreign policy, Clintons first term saw American interventions in Haiti and the Balkans, Clinton also appointed two Supreme Court Justices, Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen Breyer. Clintons second term saw the first federal budget surpluses since the 1960s and his impeachment arose after he denied having an affair with a White House intern, Monica Lewinsky. Though the House of Representatives voted to impeach Clinton, he was acquitted of all charges by the Senate, in 1997, Clinton signed into law a bill creating the State Childrens Health Insurance Program, which was to help provide health care coverage for millions of children. In 1999, he signed the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act, which allowed for the consolidation of investment banks, commercial banks, in foreign policy, Clinton launched a major bombing campaign in the Balkans, which led to the creation of a United Nations protectorate in Kosovo. Clinton also pursued trade agreements, most notably with China. Since the end of his presidency, historians and political scientists have tended to rank Clinton as an average to above average president. In the 1992 presidential election, Clinton defeated incumbent Republican president George H. W. Bush to become the first Democratic president since Jimmy Carter left office in 1981, Clinton took office with Democratic majorities in both houses, and attempted to pass an ambitious health care reform bill. Republicans took control of both houses of Congress in 1994 and retained control throughout Clintons presidency, but Clinton won reelection in 1996
Presidency of Bill Clinton
–
Official portrait
Presidency of Bill Clinton
–
Clinton takes the
oath of office during his
1993 presidential inauguration on January 20, 1993.
Presidency of Bill Clinton
–
Clinton and Vice President Gore talk while walking through the Colonnade at the White House.
Presidency of Bill Clinton
–
President Bill Clinton installing computer cables with Vice President
Al Gore on
NetDay at
Ygnacio Valley High School in Concord, CA. March 9, 1996.
18.
United States Solicitor General
–
The United States Solicitor General is the third-highest-ranking official in the U. S. Department of Justice. The United States Solicitor General is the appointed to represent the federal government of the United States before the Supreme Court of the United States. The current Acting Solicitor General, Jeffrey Wall, took office on March 10,2017, the Solicitor General determines the legal position that the United States will take in the Supreme Court. In the federal courts of appeal, the Office of the Solicitor General reviews cases decided against the United States and determines whether the government will seek review in the Supreme Court. The Office of the Solicitor General also reviews cases decided against the United States in the district courts. The Solicitor General is assisted by four Deputy Solicitors General and seventeen Assistants to the Solicitor General, three of the deputies are career attorneys in the Department of Justice. The remaining deputy is known as the Principal Deputy, sometimes called the deputy and, like the Solicitor General. The current Principal Deputy is Jeffrey B, Wall, who succeeded Noel J. Francisco after Francisco was nominated to be Solicitor General in March 2017. The other deputies currently are Michael Dreeben, Edwin Kneedler, the Solicitor General or one of the deputies typically argues the most important cases in the Supreme Court. Cases not argued by the Solicitor General may be argued by one of the assistants or another government attorney, the Solicitors General tend to argue 6–9 cases per Supreme Court term, while deputies argue 4–5 cases and assistants each argue 2–3 cases. As the most frequent advocate before the Court, the Office of the Solicitor General generally argues dozens of each term. As a result, the Solicitor General tends to remain particularly comfortable during oral arguments that other advocates would find intimidating, other than the justices themselves, the Solicitor General is among the most influential and knowledgeable members of the legal community with regard to Supreme Court litigation. Five Solicitors General have later served on the Supreme Court, William Howard Taft, Stanley Forman Reed, Robert H. Jackson, Thurgood Marshall, some who have had other positions in the office of the Solicitor General have also later been appointed to the Supreme Court. Only one former Solicitor General has been nominated to the Supreme Court unsuccessfully, eight other Solicitors General have served on the United States Courts of Appeals. Within the Justice Department, the Solicitor General exerts significant influence on all appeals brought by the department, the Solicitor General is the only U. S. officer that is statutorily required to be learned in law. Whenever the DOJ wins at the stage and the losing party appeals. However, if the DOJ is the party at the trial stage. For example, should the tort division lose a jury trial in district court
United States Solicitor General
–
Incumbent
Donald B. Verrilli, Jr. since June 9, 2011
United States Solicitor General
–
Flag of the United States Solicitor General
United States Solicitor General
–
Benjamin H. Bristow
United States Solicitor General
–
Samuel F. Phillips
19.
Office of the Independent Counsel
–
The office was terminated in 1999 and replaced by the U. S. Department of Justice Office of Special Counsel. As the president could not dismiss those investigating the executive branch it was felt that the independence of the office would ensure impartiality of any reports presented to Congress, however, there have been many critics of this law including Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia. Many argued the new Independent Counsels office was a sort of fourth branch of government that had virtually unlimited powers and was answerable to no one, however, the constitutionality of the new office was ultimately upheld in the 1988 Supreme Court case Morrison v. Olson. Relating in any way to the acceptance of gifts by him from organizations or individuals with business pending before the Department of Agriculture, the most famous Independent Counsel was Kenneth Starr, whose report led to the impeachment of President Bill Clinton. The Office of the Independent Counsel is not to be confused with the U. S and it should also not be confused with the independent counsel who is appointed by the Attorney General pursuant to United States Department of Justice regulations. 28 Code of Federal Regulations 600.1, finally, it should also not be confused with the appointment in 2003 of Patrick Fitzgerald regarding the investigation into the public naming of CIA spy Valerie Plame. This was done pursuant to the statutory authority of the Attorney General. Stein relating to Edwin Meese III,1984 Independent Counsel Whitney North Seymour, Department of Housing and Urban Development, 1988–98 Independent Counsel Lawrence E. Espy acquitted at trial. Bua relating to allegations that officials of the United States Department of Justice during the Reagan Administration had acted improperly for personal gain to bankrupt Inslaw Inc. Bua was appointed by Attorney General William Barr to advise Barr on whether or not an independent prosecutor ought to be appointed to investigate the allegations
Office of the Independent Counsel
–
Contents
20.
Bill Clinton
–
William Jefferson Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the Presidency he was the 40th Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, before that, he served as Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was ideogically a New Democrat, Clinton is married to Hillary Clinton, who served as United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 and U. S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, and served the Democratic nominee for President in 2016, Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham both earned degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the states education system, Clinton was elected President of the United States in 1992, defeating incumbent George H. W. Bush. At age 46, he was the third-youngest president and the first from the Baby Boomer generation, Clinton presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history and signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement. After failing to pass health care reform, the Democratic House was ousted when the Republican Party won control of the Congress in 1994. Two years later, in 1996, Clinton became the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to be elected to a second term, Clinton passed welfare reform and the State Childrens Health Insurance Program, providing health coverage for millions of children. Clinton was acquitted by the U. S. Senate in 1999, the Congressional Budget Office reported a budget surplus between the years 1998 and 2000, the last three years of Clintons presidency. In foreign policy, Clinton ordered U. S. Clinton left office with the highest end-of-office approval rating of any U. S. President since World War II, since then, Clinton has been involved in public speaking and humanitarian work. He created the William J. Clinton Foundation to address international causes, such as the prevention of AIDS, in 2004, Clinton published his autobiography, My Life. In 2009, Clinton was named the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti, since leaving office, Clinton has been rated highly in public opinion polls of U. S. Presidents. Clinton was born on August 19,1946, at Julia Chester Hospital in Hope, Arkansas and he was the son of William Jefferson Blythe Jr. a traveling salesman who had died in an automobile accident three months before his birth, and Virginia Dell Cassidy. His parents had married on September 4,1943, but this later proved to be bigamous. Soon after their son was born, his mother traveled to New Orleans to study nursing, leaving her son in Hope with her parents Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, who owned and ran a small grocery store. At a time when the Southern United States was segregated racially, in 1950, Bills mother returned from nursing school and married Roger Clinton Sr. who owned an automobile dealership in Hot Springs, Arkansas, with his brother and Earl T. Ricks. The family moved to Hot Springs in 1950, although he immediately assumed use of his stepfathers surname, it was not until Clinton turned fifteen that he formally adopted the surname Clinton as a gesture toward his stepfather. In Hot Springs, Clinton attended St. Johns Catholic Elementary School, Ramble Elementary School, and Hot Springs High School—where he was a student leader, avid reader
Bill Clinton
–
Bill Clinton
Bill Clinton
–
William Jefferson Blythe III, in 1950 at age four
Bill Clinton
–
Clinton's boyhood home in
Hope, Arkansas
Bill Clinton
–
Clinton ran for President of the
Student Council while attending the School of Foreign Service at
Georgetown University.
21.
President of the United States
–
The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation
President of the United States
–
Incumbent
Barack Obama since January 20, 2009 (2009-01-20)
President of the United States
–
Presidential Seal
President of the United States
–
Obama signing legislation at the
Resolute desk
President of the United States
–
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, successfully preserved the
Union during the
American Civil War
22.
Vince Foster
–
Vincent Walker Vince Foster Jr. was a Deputy White House Counsel during the first half-year of President Bill Clintons administration. At the White House he was unhappy with work in politics and his death by gunshot was attributed by five official or governmental investigations to suicide but several conspiracy theories emerged. Foster was born in Hope, Arkansas, to Alice Mae and his father became prosperous from real estate sales and development. Vincent had two sisters, Sheila and Sharon and he was a childhood neighbor and friend of Bill Clinton for the first eight years of his life, until Clinton moved away. As Clinton later recalled, I lived with my grandparents in a modest little house across from Vince Fosters nice, big, another childhood friend was Mack McLarty, who would one day become White House Chief of Staff for Clinton. Foster excelled as a student and athlete, at Hope High School, he became president of the student council, with McLarty as vice president. He graduated from there in 1963, Foster attended Davidson College, graduating with a bachelors degree in psychology in 1967. His father wanted him to join the real estate business. After starting at Vanderbilt University Law School, he joined the Arkansas National Guard during the height of the Vietnam War to avoid the military draft and he scored the highest in his class on the Arkansas bar exam. Foster met Elizabeth Braden, known as Lisa, during his year at Davidson. They married on April 20,1968, at St. Henry Catholic Church in Nashville and they had three children, Vincent III, Laura, and John. In 1971, Foster joined Rose Law Firm in Little Rock, Arkansas, Foster and Rodham worked together on a number of cases. Foster practiced mostly corporate law, eventually earning nearly $300,000 a year, known for his extensive preparation of cases ahead of time, including the creation of decision trees, Foster developed a reputation as one of the best trial litigators in Arkansas. Writer Carl Bernstein has described Foster as tall, with impeccable manners, elegant in perfectly tailored suits, and soft-spoken to the point of taciturnity. Writer Dan Moldea characterized him as a lawyer who worked best when under pressure. Phillip Carroll, the leading litigator at Rose Law Firm, once said of Foster, the ABA Journal reported that Foster was acknowledged by many as the soul of the firm. He appeared to experience only success at Rose Law, a partner later said, the firm grew five times its size during his time there. The Arkansas Bar Association gave him a number of awards and in June 1993 would name him as its Outstanding Lawyer of the Year and he was also listed in the Best Lawyers in America book
Vince Foster
–
Rose Law Firm in
Little Rock, where Foster worked for two decades.
Vince Foster
–
Grave of Vince Foster at Memory Gardens Cemetery in his boyhood home of
Hope
23.
Whitewater controversy
–
Little Rock U. S. Attorney Charles A. Banks and the FBI determined that the referral lacked merit, from 1992 to 1994, Lewis issued several additional referrals against the Clintons, and repeatedly called the U. S. Attorneys Office in Little Rock and the Justice Department regarding the case. Her referrals eventually became public knowledge, and she testified before the Senate Whitewater Committee in 1995, a U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission investigation did result in convictions against the McDougals for their role in the Whitewater project. Jim Guy Tucker, Bill Clintons successor as governor, was convicted of fraud, Susan McDougal served 18 months in prison for contempt of court for refusing to answer questions relating to Whitewater. Neither Bill Clinton nor Hillary were ever prosecuted, after three separate inquiries found insufficient evidence linking them with the conduct of others related to the land deal. The matter was handled by the Whitewater Independent Counsel, most known for being Kenneth Starr, the last of these conclusions came from the final Independent Counsel, Robert Ray, in 2000. Susan McDougal was granted a pardon by President Clinton before he left office, but Whitewater proper refers only to the matters stemming from the Whitewater Development Corporation and subsequent developments. Bill Clinton had known Arkansas businessman and political figure Jim McDougal since 1968 and it was around this time that Hillary Clinton also began trading cattle futures. The plan was to hold the property for a few years, the four borrowed $203,000 to buy land, and subsequently transferred ownership of the land to the newly created Whitewater Development Corporation, in which all four participants had equal shares. Susan McDougal chose the name Whitewater Estates and their sales pitch was, One weekend here, the business was incorporated on June 18,1979. By the time the Whitewater lots were surveyed and available for sale at the end of 1979, prospective buyers could no longer afford to buy vacation homes. Rather than take a loss on the venture, the four decided to build a model home, when Bill Clinton failed to win re-election in 1980, Jim McDougal lost his job as the governors economic aide and decided to go into banking. He acquired the Bank of Kingston in 1980 and the Woodruff Savings & Loan in 1982, renaming them the Madison Bank & Trust and the Madison Guaranty Savings & Loan, respectively. In spring 1985, McDougal held a fundraiser at Madison Guarantys office in Little Rock that paid off Clintons 1984 gubernatorial campaign debt of $50,000, McDougal raised $35,000, $12,000 of that was in Madison Guaranty cashiers checks. In 1985, Jim McDougal invested in a construction project called Castle Grande. The 1,000 acres, located south of Little Rock, were priced at about $1.75 million, according to current law, McDougal could borrow only $600,000 from his own savings and loan, Madison Guaranty. Therefore, McDougal involved others to raise the additional funds, among these was Seth Ward, an employee of the bank, who helped funnel the additional $1.15 million required. To avoid potential investigations, the money was moved back and forth among several other investors, Hillary Clinton, then an attorney at Rose Law Firm provided legal services to Castle Grande
Whitewater controversy
–
Hillary Rodham and Bill Clinton lived in this 980 square feet (91 m 2) house in the
Hillcrest neighborhood of
Little Rock from 1977 to 1979 while he was
Arkansas Attorney General. The couple's modest circumstances led them to seek outside investment income.
Whitewater controversy
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The
White River, near
Flippin, Arkansas, and the intended site of the
Whitewater Development Corporation 's vacation homes.
Whitewater controversy
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Hillary Rodham Clinton worked on the third floor of
Rose Law Firm. Her billing records from the mid-1980s would become the subject of intrigue during the Whitewater controversy.
24.
Monica Lewinsky
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The affair and its repercussions, which included Clintons impeachment, became known as the Lewinsky scandal. Monica Samille Lewinsky was born in San Francisco, California, and grew up in an affluent family in southern California in the Westside Brentwood area of Los Angeles and in Beverly Hills. Her father is Bernard Lewinsky, an oncologist, who is the son of German Jews who escaped from Nazi Germany and moved to El Salvador and her mother, born Marcia Kay Vilensky, is an author who uses the name Marcia Lewis. In 1996, she wrote her book, the gossip biography. During the Lewinsky scandal, the press compared Lewis unproven hints that she had an affair with opera star Plácido Domingo to her daughters relationship with Clinton. Monicas parents acrimonious separation and divorce during 1987 and 1988 had a significant effect on her and her father later married his current wife, Barbara, her mother later married R. Peter Straus, a media executive and former director of the Voice of America under President Jimmy Carter. The family attended Sinai Temple in Los Angeles and Monica attended Sinai Akiba Academy, for her primary education she attended the John Thomas Dye School in Bel-Air. She then attended Beverly Hills High School, but for her senior year transferred to, following high school graduation, Lewinsky attended Santa Monica College, a two-year community college, and worked for the drama department at Beverly Hills High School and at a tie shop. In 1992, she began a five-year affair with Andy Bleiler, her married former high school drama instructor. In 1993, she enrolled at Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon, with the assistance of a family connection, Lewinsky got an unpaid summer White House internship in the office of White House Chief of Staff Leon Panetta. Lewinsky moved to Washington, D. C. and took up the position in July 1995 and she moved to a paid position in the White House Office of Legislative Affairs in December 1995. In April 1996, Lewinskys superiors transferred her from the White House to the Pentagon because they felt she was spending too much time around Clinton, there she worked as an assistant to chief Pentagon spokesperson Kenneth Bacon. Lewinsky told co-worker Linda Tripp about her relationship with the President, beginning in September 1997, Tripp began secretly recording their telephone conversations regarding the affair with Clinton. In December 1997, Lewinsky left the Pentagon position, Starr then broadened his investigation beyond the Arkansas land use deal to include Lewinsky, Clinton, and others for possible perjury and subornation of perjury in the Jones case. Tripp reported the taped conversations to literary agent Lucianne Goldberg and she also convinced Lewinsky to save the gifts that Clinton had given her during their relationship, and not to dry clean what would later become known as the blue dress. Under oath, Clinton denied having had an affair, sexual relations. News of the Clinton–Lewinsky relationship broke in January 1998, on January 26,1998, Clinton stated, I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky in a nationally televised White House news conference. The matter instantly occupied the media, and Lewinsky spent the next weeks hiding from public attention in her mothers residence at the Watergate complex
Monica Lewinsky
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Lewinsky at the 2014
IDA Awards
Monica Lewinsky
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Lewinsky's 1997 government identification photograph
25.
Starr Report
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The Starr Report was an investigative account of United States President Bill Clinton by Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr and released on September 11,1998. In the course of the investigation, Linda Tripp provided Starr with taped phone conversations in which Monica Lewinsky, at the deposition, the judge ordered a precise legal definition of the term sexual relations that Clinton claims to have construed to mean only vaginal intercourse. A much-quoted statement from Clintons grand jury testimony showed him questioning the use of the word is. Clinton said, It depends on what the meaning of the word is is, if the—if he—if is means is and never has been, that is not—that is one thing. If it means there is none, that was a true statement. At the time it was released, the report was criticized for making accusations about exactly what Clinton did. The report claimed the details are crucial to an evaluation of the testimony, the credibility of witnesses. Many of the details reveal highly personal information, many are sexually explicit and this is unfortunate, but it is essential. This accusation was proven to be false, betty Currie also produced some the gifts Clinton gave to Lewinsky before the grand jury. Clinton also denied ever seeing such a note and the Secret Service WAVES records showed Lewinsky did not visit the White House on any given date in 1998. Starr also accused Clinton of denying under oath that he ever had a conversation with Vernon Jordan about Lewinskys involvement in the Paula Jones lawsuit, Clinton, however, was never asked this when he testified during the Jones case. Starr also accused Clinton of witness tampering by influencing Currie to testify in favor of him and this claim about was denounced as without any basis or logic. When Clinton made his claim about his relationship with Lewinsky to the public, however, he was not under oath, there was also no evidence that Clinton committed witness tampering by privately denying the relationship to these witnesses and asking them to testify in his favor. However, a letter was discovered that showed Clintons legal team had informed Starr before the appeals took place, the report was also misleading when it reflected the Supreme Courts ruling that the President could not use the Secret Service to assist in whatever they wanted help with. Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist, who wrote the majority opinion, had stated that any case with merit. Abuse of power had also defined in The Federalist Papers as corrupt use of the office for personal gain or some other improper purpose. Full Text of the Starr Report
Starr Report
–
Presidency
26.
Impeachment of Bill Clinton
–
Clinton was subsequently acquitted of these charges by the Senate on February 12,1999. Two other impeachment articles – a second charge and a charge of abuse of power – failed in the House. The Independent Counsel, Ken Starr, turned over documentation to the House Judiciary Committee, the Chief Prosecutor, David Schippers, and his team reviewed the material and determined there was sufficient evidence to impeach the president. The trial in the United States Senate began right after the seating of the 106th Congress, a two-thirds vote was required to remove Clinton from office. Fifty senators voted to remove Clinton on the obstruction of justice charge and 45 voted to him on the perjury charge. Clinton, like Johnson a century earlier, was acquitted on all charges, the charges arose from an investigation by Ken Starr, the Independent Counsel. In the course of the investigation, Linda Tripp provided Starr with taped phone conversations in which Monica Lewinsky, at the deposition, the judge rejected the plaintiffs lawyers definition of the term sexual relations that Clinton claims to have construed to mean only vaginal intercourse. Judge Wright then told the attorneys they could be as explicit as necessary in asking their questions, a much-quoted statement from Clintons grand jury testimony showed him questioning the precise use of the word is. If the—if he—if is means is and never has been, that is not—that is one thing, if it means there is none, that was a completely true statement. Starr obtained further evidence of behavior by seizing the computer hard drive. Based on the conflicting testimony, Starr concluded that Clinton had committed perjury. Starr submitted his findings to Congress in a document, and simultaneously posted the report on the internet. Starr was criticized by Democrats for spending $70 million on an investigation that substantiated only perjury, after rumors of the scandal reached the news, Clinton publicly stated, I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky. In his Paula Jones deposition, he swore, I have never had relations with Monica Lewinsky. Ive never had an affair with her, months later, Clinton admitted that his relationship with Lewinsky was wrong and not appropriate. Lewinsky engaged in sex with Clinton several times. Nevertheless, impeachment was one of the issues in the election. In November 1998, the Democrats picked up five seats in the House, impeachment proceedings were initiated during the post-election, lame duck session of the outgoing 105th United States Congress
Impeachment of Bill Clinton
–
Floor proceedings of the U.S. Senate during the impeachment trial of President
Bill Clinton in 1999,
Chief Justice William Rehnquist presiding. House managers are seated beside the quarter-circular tables on the left and the president's personal counsel on the right.
Impeachment of Bill Clinton
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Two tickets for Bill Clinton's impeachment trial, January 14–15, 1999
Impeachment of Bill Clinton
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Robe worn by
Chief Justice William Rehnquist during the proceedings
Impeachment of Bill Clinton
–
Presidency
27.
Waco, Texas
–
Waco is a city which is the county seat of McLennan County, Texas, United States. It is situated along the Brazos River and I-35, halfway between Dallas and Austin, the city had a 2010 population of 124,805, making it the 22nd-most populous city in the state. The US Census 2015 population estimate is 132,356, the Waco Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of McLennan and Falls Counties, which had a 2010 population of 234,906. Falls County was added to the Waco MSA in 2013, the US Census 2016 population estimate for the Waco MSA is 265,207. Indigenous peoples occupied areas along the river for thousands of years, in historic times, the area of present-day Waco was occupied by the Wichita Native American tribe known as the Waco. In 1824, Thomas M. Duke explored the area and reported to Stephen F. Austin, describing the Waco village and they have a spring almost as cold as ice itself. All we want is some Brandy and Sugar to have Ice Toddy and they have about 400 acres planted in corn, beans, pumpkins, and melons and that tended in good order. I think they cannot raise more than One Hundred Warriors, after Austin halted the first attempt to destroy their village in 1825, he made a treaty with them. The Waco eventually moved out of the region, settling north near present-day Fort Worth, in 1872, they joined other Wichita tribes on a reservation in Oklahoma. In 1902, the Waco received allotments of land and became official US citizens, neil McLennan settled in an area near the South Bosque River in 1838. Jacob De Cordova bought McLennans property and hired a former Texas Ranger, in 1849, Erath designed the first block of the city. Property owners wanted to name the city Lamartine, but Erath convinced them to name the area Waco Village, in March 1849, Shapley Ross built the first house in Waco, a double-log cabin, on a bluff overlooking the springs. His daughter Kate was the first white child to be born in Waco, in 1866, Wacos leading citizens embarked on an ambitious project to build the first bridge to span the wide Brazos River. They formed the Waco Bridge Company to build the 475-foot brick Waco Suspension Bridge, the economic effects of the Waco bridge were immediate and large. The cowboys and cattle-herds following the Chisholm Trail north, crossed the Brazos River at Waco, some chose to pay the Suspension Bridge toll, while others floated their herds down the river. The population of Waco grew rapidly, as immigrants now had a crossing for their horse-drawn carriages. Since 1971, the bridge has been only to pedestrian traffic and is in the National Register of Historic Places. In the late 19th century, a district called the Reservation grew up in Waco
Waco, Texas
–
Waco, Texas
Waco, Texas
–
Location within
McLennan County and
Texas
Waco, Texas
–
Flag
Waco, Texas
–
Waco in 1886
28.
Baylor Law School
–
Baylor Law School is the oldest law school in Texas. Baylor Law School is affiliated with Baylor University and located in Waco, the school has been accredited by the American Bar Association since 1931, and has been a member of the Association of American Law Schools since 1938. The program offers training in all facets of law, including analysis, practical application, legal writing, advocacy, professional responsibility. Established in 1849, Baylor Law School was the first law school in Texas, today, the school has more than 7,000 living alumni. In its law specialties rankings, U. S. News & World Report ranked Baylor Laws trial advocacy program as the third best in the nation, Baylor Law School is ranked No.51 in the magazines 2012 edition of Americas Best Graduate Schools. Above the Law ranked Baylor Law School at No.32 in 2016, in 2016, Baylor secured the top overall job placement rate for the state of Texas, tied with one other school. Other statistics show, •92.6 percent of the members were employed as of March 15,2016. •85 percent of graduates are employed in full-time, long-term positions that require a bar license or prefer a J. D. degree, an 18 percent jump. • As noted by The Texas Lawbook, Baylor also fared the best in job placements for lawyer-only positions, • Baylor Law School graduates garnered higher salaries this year, averaging $82,146 in 2015. Baylor originally established the law school in 1849, at time it was the second law school established west of the Mississippi. Law classes continued until 1883 when the school was discontinued, in 1920, the Board of Trustees reestablished the law school under the direction of Dean Allen G. Flowers. The school was suspended from 1943–1946 as a result of World War II. Bradley J. B. Toben currently serves as Dean of the Law School, unlike the rest of Baylors programs, the Baylor Law School operates on a quarter system, a student may begin classes in either February, May, or August. The Law School also has four graduating classes per year, each matriculate class has a separate application pool, and applicants are required to apply to the quarter in which they would like to begin. A typical academic year consists of three quarters, with students choosing to take off the quarter of the year to complete a clerkship or internship. However, students may elect to complete the program in only 27 months by attending every quarter, first-year students are required to take 13 mandatory courses with no electives permitted. The second-year program consists of a mix of mandatory and elective courses, the four mandatory classes are business organization, constitutional law, remedies, and trust and estates. At this point students can choose to concentrate in one of nine specialized areas of law, the third-year program consists primarily of the Schools Practice Court Program
Baylor Law School
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Baylor Law School at dusk.
Baylor Law School
–
Baylor University School of Law
Baylor Law School
–
Baylor Law School on the banks of the Brazos River.
29.
Centerville, Texas
–
Centerville is a city in Leon County, in the U. S. state of Texas. The population was 892 at the 2010 census and it is the county seat of Leon County. Centerville was so named as it is near the center of Leon County. However, it is coincidentally located nearly midway between Dallas and Houston. Centerville became the county seat of Leon County in 1850 and it was originally built on 200 acres donated by Robert J Townes and D. C. The town established an annual Black-Eyed Pea Festival in 1937, according to the United States Census Bureau, Centerville has a total area of 1.5 square miles, all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 903 people,388 households, the population density was 620.9 people per square mile. There were 464 housing units at a density of 319.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 75. 30% White,21. 82% African American,0. 33% Native American,0. 22% Asian,1. 66% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 99% of the population. 38. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 22. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.89. In the city, the population was out with 22. 1% under the age of 18,6. 3% from 18 to 24,22. 6% from 25 to 44,25. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 44 years, for every 100 females there were 83.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.5 males, the median income for a household in the city was $25,677, and the median income for a family was $35,278. Males had an income of $38,125 versus $19,167 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,469, about 14. 9% of families and 19. 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19. 7% of those under age 18 and 20. 9% of those age 65 or over. The City of Centerville is served by the Centerville Independent School District, Centerville is home to several churches representing the main denominations of the Christian faith, in addition to several non-denominational congregations. Blues singer Lightnin Hopkins was born in Centerville in 1912, philanthropist Addie Peed Swearingen was born in Centerville in 1904. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Centerville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated Cfa on climate maps
Centerville, Texas
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Centerville, Texas
Centerville, Texas
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"The Courtyard" across from the
Leon County Courthouse in Centerville
Centerville, Texas
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Citizens State Bank in Centerville
