1.
Fort Stockton, Texas
–
Fort Stockton is a city in Pecos County, Texas, United States. It is the county seat of Pecos County, located on Interstate Highway 10, Future Interstate 14, highways 67,285, and 385, and the Santa Fe Railroad,329 miles northwest of San Antonio and 240 miles east of El Paso. The population was 8,283 at the 2010 census, Fort Stockton is located at 30°53′29″N 102°53′6″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 5.1 square miles. As of the census of 2010,8,535 people,2,790 households, the population density was 1,531.3 people per square mile. The 3,189 housing units averaged 622.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 70. 6% White,0. 89% African American,0. 57% Native American,0. 76% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,25. 16% from other races, and 2. 54% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 71% of the population, about 21. 7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the family size was 3.25. In the city, the population was distributed as 30. 1% under the age of 18,9. 9% from 18 to 24,25. 6% from 25 to 44,20. 8% from 45 to 64, the median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $27,713, males had a median income of $25,735 versus $17,885 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,834, about 19. 7% of families and 22. 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30. 6% of those under age 18 and 17. 7% of those age 65 or over. Fort Lancaster sent 1st Infantry Co, H to take post along Comanche Springs on 12 April 1859. Fort Stockton grew up around Comanche Springs, one of the largest sources of spring water in Texas, Comanche Springs was a favorite rest stop on the Great Comanche Trail to Chihuahua, San Antonio-El Paso Road, the Butterfield Overland Mail Route. In 1861, the fort was garrisoned by 39 men of Company C, 8th Infantry, under the command of Capt. Arthur Tracy Lee, who evacuated the fort by April. The Confederates took possession of the fort on 9 May by Charles L. Pyron at the outbreak of the Civil War, with the failure of John Baylors invasion of New Mexico, a general Confederate evacuation of West Texas occurred in 1862. In 1867, the Army rebuilt the fort on a larger, major James F. Wade took command of Troops A, B, D, and E, 9th Cavalry, and Company G, 41st Infantry, on 2 Oct.1868
2.
Vanderbilt University
–
Vanderbilt University is a private research university founded in 1873 and located in Nashville, Tennessee. It was named in honor of shipping and rail magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt hoped that his gift and the greater work of the university would help to heal the sectional wounds inflicted by the Civil War. Today, Vanderbilt enrolls approximately 12,000 students from all 50 U. S. states and over 90 foreign countries in four undergraduate and six graduate, despite its urban surroundings, the campus itself is a national arboretum and features over 300 different species of trees and shrubs. Vanderbilt is ranked as one of the top universities for its teaching, research opportunities. It is ranked 15th on the list of best national universities generated by U. S. News & World Report, however, lack of funds and the ravaged state of the Reconstruction Era South delayed the opening of the college. Indeed, the McTyeires had met at St. Francis Street Methodist Church in Mobile, Cornelius Vanderbilt, who was the wealthiest man in the United States at the time, was considering philanthropy as he was at an advanced age. He had been planning to establish a university on Staten Island, New York, however, McTyeire convinced him to donate $500,000 to endow Central University in order to contribute to strengthening the ties which should exist between all sections of our common country. The endowment was increased to $1 million and would be only one of two philanthropic causes financially supported by Vanderbilt. Though he never expressed any desire that the university be named after himself, McTyeire, Vanderbilt died in 1877 without seeing the school named after him. One of the trustees, Hezekiah William Foote, was a Confederate veteran. The Treasurer of the Board of Trust from 1872 to 1875, Alexander Little Page Green, whose portrait hangs in Kirkland Hall, was a Methodist preacher and a former slave owner. His son-in-law, Robert A. Young, was a Methodist minister who served as the Financial Secretary on the Board of Trust from 1874 to 1882, retiring from the board in 1902. The first building, Main Building, later known as Kirkland Hall, was designed by William Crawford Smith, in the fall of 1875, about 200 students enrolled at Vanderbilt, and in October the university was dedicated. Bishop McTyeire was named Chairman of the Board of Trust for life by Vanderbilt as a stipulation of his endowment, McTyeire named Landon Garland, his mentor from Randolph-Macon College in Virginia and then-Chancellor of the University of Mississippi, as chancellor. Garland shaped the structure and hired the schools faculty, many of whom were renowned scholars in their respective fields. However, most of this faculty left after disputes with Bishop McTyeire, when the first fraternity chapter, Phi Delta Theta, was established on campus in 1876, it was shut down by the faculty, only to be reestablished as a secret society in 1877. Meanwhile, Old Gym, designed by Dutch-born architect Peter J. Williamson, was built in 1879–1880, by 1883, the Board of Trust passed a resolution allowing fraternities on campus, and more chapters were established in 1884. During the first 40 years, the Board of Trust, and therefore the university, was under the control of the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, conflicts escalated after James H. Kirkland was appointed chancellor in 1893
3.
USS Forrestal (CV-59)
–
USS Forrestal, formerly AVT-59 and CVA-59, was a supercarrier named after the first Secretary of Defense James Forrestal. Commissioned in 1955, she was the first completed supercarrier, and was the ship of her class. Unlike the successor Nimitz class, Forrestal and her class were conventionally powered, the other carriers of her class were USS Saratoga, USS Ranger and USS Independence. She superseded the World War II Japanese carrier Shinano as the largest aircraft ever built in terms of full load displacement and was the first to specifically support jet aircraft. The ship was affectionately called The FID, because James Forrestal was the first ever Secretary of Defense and this is also the slogan on the ships insignia and patch. Forrestal served for four decades in the Atlantic, Mediterranean. She was decommissioned in 1993, and made available as a museum, attempts to save her were unsuccessful, however, and in February 2014 she was towed to Brownsville, Texas, to be scrapped. Scrapping was completed in December 2015, Forrestals keel was laid down at Newport News Shipbuilding on 14 July 1952. She was launched on 11 December 1954, and commissioned into service on 1 October 1955, Forrestal was the first American aircraft carrier to be constructed with an angled flight deck, steam catapult, and an optical landing system, as opposed to having them installed after launching. The original design—USS United States—provided for the island to retract flush with the deck during flight operations, another solution was considered where the two masts were to fold down, in lieu of the retractable island, to allow the carrier to pass under the Brooklyn Bridge. The larger center mast was to fold to the side and rest on the deck. From her home port, Naval Station Norfolk, Norfolk, Virginia, Forrestal spent the first year of service in training operations off the Virginia Capes. An important assignment was training aviators in the use of her advanced facilities, during this time she often operated out of Naval Station Mayport, Florida. On 7 November 1956, she put to sea from Mayport to operate in the eastern Atlantic during the Suez Crisis and she returned to Norfolk on 12 December to prepare for her first deployment with the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean, for which she sailed on 15 January 1957. On this, as on her tours of duty in the Mediterranean, Forrestal visited many ports to show the flag and take on board dignitaries. For military observers, she staged underway demonstrations to illustrate her capacity to bring air power to and she returned to Norfolk on 22 July 1957 for exercises off the North Carolina coast in preparation for her first NATO operation, Operation Strikeback in the North Sea. The next year found Forrestal participating in a series of fleet exercises as well as taking part in experimental flight operations. During the Lebanon Crisis of summer 1958, the carrier was again called upon to operate in the eastern Atlantic to back up naval operations in the Mediterranean
4.
USS America (CV-66)
–
USS America was one of three Kitty Hawk-class supercarriers built for the United States Navy in the 1960s. Commissioned in 1965, she spent most of her career in the Atlantic and Mediterranean and she also served in the Persian Gulf Wars operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. America held the distinction of being the first large aircraft carrier since Operation Crossroads in 1946 to be expended in weapons tests. In 2005, she was scuttled southeast of Cape Hatteras, after four weeks of tests and she was the largest warship ever to be sunk. After fitting out there until 15 March 1965, America remained in Hampton Roads for operations off the Virginia Capes until getting underway on 25 March and she conducted her first catapult launch on 5 April 1965, with Commander Kenneth B. Austin, the executive officer, piloting a Douglas A-4C Skyhawk. Proceeding thence to the Caribbean, the carrier conducted shakedown training, entering the Norfolk shipyard for post-shakedown availability on 10 July, she remained there until 21 August. She next operated locally through late August and then proceeded to the operating areas off the Virginia Capes and to Bermuda, on 25 September, Rear Admiral J. O. Cobb broke his flag as Commander, Carrier Division 2. America sailed for her first Mediterranean deployment late in 1965, New Years Day,1966, found her at Livorno, Italy. Over the ensuing weeks, the ship visited Cannes, Genoa, Toulon, Athens, Istanbul, Beirut, Valletta, Taranto, Palma and she sailed on 1 July for the United States. She arrived at Naval Station Norfolk on 10 July, remaining there for only a time before shifting to the Norfolk Naval Shipyard on 15 July for availability. America operated locally in the Norfolk area from 29 August –19 September, after time she proceeded to Guantanamo Bay to carry out training. After Hurricane Inez swirled through the region, her sailors spent an estimated 1,700 man-hours in helping the naval base at Guantanamo to recover, on 16 Oct 1965, two Phantom jets collided in midair 20 miles from the America, both pilots ejected safely. An airman was burned in the catwalk and the RA ejected safely, since leaving Norfolk, America had lost five planes. From 28 November –15 December, America took part in LANTFLEX66, gaining experience in the areas of anti-air, antisubmarine, the ship also participated in a mine drop, missile shoots, and provided air support for amphibious operations. She returned to Norfolk on 15 December, remaining there through the end of the year 1966, on 10 January 1967, America departed Norfolk for her second Mediterranean cruise and relieved Independence at Pollensa Bay on 22 January. While crossing the Atlantic, America conducted, carrier qualifications for her SH-3A crews, missile shoots in the mid-Atlantic, day and night air operations, upon nearing Gibraltar, she received a visit from Soviet long-range reconnaissance aircraft, Tu-95 Bears on 18 January. Two F-4B Phantom jets met the Bears as they approached and escorted them past the ship, before anchoring at Athens, on 4 February, America participated with Italian control and reporting centers in an intercept-controller exercise
5.
USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71)
–
USS Theodore Roosevelt is the fourth Nimitz-class aircraft carrier. Her radio call sign is Rough Rider, the name of President Theodore Roosevelts volunteer cavalry unit during the Spanish–American War and she was launched in 1984, saw her first action during Operation Desert Storm in 1991. Initially, U. S. President Gerald Ford cancelled the order for CVN-71 in 1976 and this capability to operate conventional aircraft proved important as the hoped-for supersonic V/STOL fighters did not come to fruition at the time. In any case, construction of the proposed CVV medium-sized carrier never took place. S, because of the international crisis that required the increased deployment of U. S. S. The official ships daily newspaper is called the Rough Rider and is distributed on the mess decks each morning as well as other locations. The official paper was replaced by the underground rag, and many people didnt typically realize which version they were reading at first glance and this has been widely covered up and hidden by the ships command. Roosevelt and those Nimitz-class vessels completed after her have slight differences from the earlier carriers. Theodore Roosevelts history began on 30 September 1980, when a contract was awarded for Hull 624D to Newport News Shipbuilding and her keel was laid down on 31 October 1981, with Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger initiating the first weld. On 3 November 1981, Secretary of the Navy John F. Lehman announced that the carrier would be named for the 26th President of the United States, the vessels Pre-Commissioning Unit was formed in February 1984, with Captain Paul W. Parcells named the Commanding Officer. On 27 October 1984, the ship was christened by Mrs. Barbara Lehman. On 25 October 1986, Theodore Roosevelt was commissioned to service at Newport News. The ship patrolled the Mediterranean Sea prior to returning on 30 June 1989, Theodore Roosevelt was awarded the 1989 Battle E from Commander, Naval Air Force U. S. Atlantic Fleet on 20 March 1990, on 28 December 1990, Theodore Roosevelt and CVW-8 deployed for Operation Desert Shield, arriving in the Persian Gulf on 16 January 1991. When Iraqi forces turned on the Kurds, Theodore Roosevelt and CVW-8 were among the first coalition forces in Operation Provide Comfort, after a 189-day deployment, with 176 days at sea, Theodore Roosevelt returned to Norfolk on 28 June 1991. On 14 February 1992, the ship won her second Battle E and this was followed by the award of the Battenberg Cup for 1991 as the Atlantic Fleets premier ship. Theodore Roosevelt began her deployment on 11 March 1993, again with CVW-8 embarked. Also embarked was a Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force, in a test the concept of embarking a multi-purpose Marine force in a carrier. While the ship was still in the Virginia Capes operating area, Theodore Roosevelt operated in the Adriatic as CVW-8 planes enforced Operation Deny Flight in the U. S. no-fly zone over Bosnia
6.
USS Saratoga (CV-60)
–
USS Saratoga, was the second of four Forrestal-class supercarriers built for the United States Navy in the 1950s. Saratoga was the sixth U. S. Navy ship, commissioned in 1956, she spent most of her career in the Mediterranean, but also participated during the Vietnam War, receiving one battle star for her service. One of her last operational duties was to participate in Operation Desert Storm, Saratoga was decommissioned in 1994, and had been stored at Naval Station Newport in Newport, Rhode Island. Multiple unsuccessful attempts were made to preserve her as a museum ship, the Navy is paying ESCO Marine of Brownsville, Texas, one cent to take the ship for dismantling and recycling. On 15 September 2014, ex-Saratoga arrived in Brownsville, Texas and she was ordered as a Large Aircraft Carrier, hull classification symbol CVB-60, and her contract was awarded to the New York Naval Shipyard of Brooklyn, New York on 23 July 1952. She is the second of the four Forrestal-class carriers and she was reclassified as an Attack Aircraft Carrier on 1 October 1952. Her keel was laid down on 16 December 1952 and she was launched on 8 October 1955 sponsored by Mrs. Charles S. Thomas, and commissioned on 14 April 1956 with CAPT Robert Joseph Stroh in command. She was the first carrier in the US Navy to use high-pressure 1,200 psi boilers, for the next several months, Saratoga conducted various engineering, flight, steering, structural, and gunnery tests. On 18 August, she sailed for Guantanamo Bay and her shakedown cruise, on 19 December, she reentered the New York Naval Shipyard and remained there until 28 February 1957. Upon completion of work, she got underway on a refresher training cruise to the Caribbean before entering her home port, Naval Station Mayport in Mayport. On 6 June 1957, President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower, for two days, she and eighteen other ships demonstrated air operations, antisubmarine warfare, guided missile operations, and the Navys latest bombing and strafing techniques. Also in 1957, Saratoga conducted Regulus guided missile tests, the carrier departed Mayport on 3 September 1957 for her maiden transatlantic voyage. Saratoga sailed into the Norwegian Sea and participated in Operation Strikeback and she returned briefly to Mayport before entering the Norfolk Naval Shipyard for repairs. On 1 February 1958, Saratoga departed Mayport for the Mediterranean, from this date through 31 December 1967 she was to spend a part of each year in the Mediterranean on a total of eight cruises. The remainder of the time, she operated off the coast of Florida or was in port undergoing restricted availability. On the night of 24–25 May 1960, Saratoga collided with the German freighter Bernd Leonhardt off North Carolina, the freighters bridge and superstructure were damaged by the carriers flight-deck. The results of an investigation were never published, but repairs to the freighter, while deployed with the Sixth Fleet on 23 January 1961, a serious fire broke out in Saratogas number two machinery space which took seven lives. The fire, believed caused by a fuel oil line, was brought under control by the crew, and the ship proceeded to Athens, Greece
7.
USS Enterprise (CVN-65)
–
USS Enterprise, formerly CVA-65, is a decommissioned United States Navy aircraft carrier. She was the worlds first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier and the eighth United States naval vessel to bear the name, like her predecessor of World War II fame, she is nicknamed Big E. At 1,123 ft, she is the longest naval vessel ever built and her 93, 284-long-ton displacement ranked her as the 12th-heaviest supercarrier, after the 10 carriers of the Nimitz class and the USS Gerald R. Ford. Enterprise had a crew of some 4,600 service members, the only ship of her class, Enterprise was, at the time of inactivation, the third-oldest commissioned vessel in the United States Navy after the wooden-hulled USS Constitution and USS Pueblo. Enterprises home port was Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia as of September 2012 and her second home port was Naval Air Station Alameda until its closure in 1997. When in port at NAS Alameda, she was visible to those crossing the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge and she was the flagship of Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz while he lived in Berkeley, California until his death in 1966. Her final deployment, the last before her inactivation, began on 10 March 2012 and she was inactivated on 1 December 2012 and has undergone the 48 month inactivation process that rendered her unfit for further military service. Enterprise was officially decommissioned on February 3,2017, after over 55 years of service and she was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register the same day. The name has been adopted by the future Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier USS Enterprise, Enterprise was meant to be the first of a class of six carriers, but construction costs ballooned and the remaining vessels were never laid down. Because of the huge cost of her construction, Enterprise was launched and commissioned without the planned RIM-2 Terrier missile launchers and these were never installed and the ships self-defense suite instead consisted of three shorter-range RIM-7 Sea Sparrow, Basic Point Defense Missile System launchers. Later upgrades added two NATO Sea Sparrow and three Mk 15 Phalanx CIWS gun mounts, One CIWS mount was later removed and two 21-cell RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile launchers were added. She is the carrier with four rudders, two more than other classes, and features a more cruiser-like hull. Enterprise also had a phased array radar system known as SCANFAR, SCANFAR was intended to be better at tracking multiple airborne targets than conventional rotating antenna radars. SCANFAR consisted of two radars, the AN/SPS-32 and the AN/SPS-33, the AN/SPS-32 was a long-range air search and target acquisition radar developed by Hughes for the US Navy. The AN/SPS-32 operated together with the AN/SPS-33, which was the square used for 3D tracking. It was installed on two vessels, Enterprise and the cruiser USS Long Beach, placing a massive power drain on the ships electric system. The technology of the AN/SPS-32 was based on vacuum tubes and the required constant repairs. The SPS-32 was a phased array radar which had a range of 400 nautical miles against large targets and these early phased arrays, replaced around 1980, were responsible for the distinctive square-looking island
8.
USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)
–
USS Abraham Lincoln is the fifth Nimitz-class aircraft carrier in the United States Navy. It is the second Navy ship to have named after former President Abraham Lincoln. Its home port is Norfolk, Virginia, and it is a member of the United States Atlantic Fleet. It is administratively responsible to Commander, Naval Air Forces Atlantic and it is currently undergoing a four-year Refueling and Complex Overhaul process. Abraham Lincolns contract was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding on 27 December 1982, its keel was laid 3 November 1984 at Newport News, the ship was launched on 13 February 1988 and commissioned on 11 November 1989. It cost $4.726 billion in 2010 dollars, Abraham Lincoln was transferred to the Pacific in September 1990 performing Gringo-Gaucho with the Argentine Naval Aviation during its transit. From 4 October, Abraham Lincoln formed CTG24.8 in company with USS Doyle,6 October transit with USS Pawcatuck and its maiden Western Pacific deployment came unexpectedly on 28 May 1991 in response to Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm. The ship had the staffs of Commander, Carrier Group Three, Rear Admiral Timothy W. Wright and it was accompanied by a seven-ship battle group. While heading towards the Indian Ocean, the ship was diverted to support operations after Mount Pinatubo erupted on Luzon Island in the Philippines. In support of Operation Fiery Vigil, Abraham Lincoln led a 23-ship armada that moved over 45,000 people from the Subic Bay Naval Station to the port of Cebu in the Visayas and it was the largest peacetime evacuation of active military personnel and their families in history. After Fiery Vigil, Abraham Lincoln steamed toward the Persian Gulf, to run reconnaissance and combat air patrols in Iraq and Kuwait, assisting allied, in early 1992, the ship was at Naval Air Station Alameda on Ships Restricted Availability for minor maintenance and refitting. From June 1993 Abraham Lincoln was the flagship of Commander, Carrier Group Three, in October 1993, the carrier was ordered to the coast of Somalia to assist UN humanitarian operations. For four weeks, Abraham Lincoln flew air patrols over Mogadishu in support of Operation Restore Hope, Abraham Lincoln was to be the first Pacific Fleet carrier to integrate female aviators into the crew after the Combat Exclusion Laws were lifted on 28 April 1993. The ship left San Diego on 24 October 1994, to begin refresher training, the next day, Lieutenant Kara Spears Hultgreen, first female F-14 Tomcat pilot, died when her plane crashed into the sea. Her plane lost hydraulic control as she made her final approach and she aborted her landing to the best of her ability in an effort to prevent a collision into the aft end of the ship and the plane inverted and went into the ocean. Radar intercept officer Lieutenant Matthew Klemish ejected safely from the plane and was rescued from the water minutes later, but Hultgreen, who ejected seconds after Klemish, fell straight into the ocean and was killed. Her body, still strapped in the seat, was discovered 19 days later. Abraham Lincolns third deployment began in April 1995 when Abraham Lincoln was sent to the Persian Gulf, Abraham Lincoln was able to continue on with its mission while Sacramento had to dock at Jebel Ali, U. A. E. for several weeks for repair
9.
Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King
–
The Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King is an American twin-engined anti-submarine warfare helicopter designed and built by Sikorsky Aircraft. A landmark design, it was the worlds first amphibious helicopter, introduced in 1961, it served in the United States Navy as a key ASW and utility asset for several decades before being replaced by the non-amphibious Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk in the 1990s. The type also proved popular in service and with foreign military customers. As of 2015, many remain in service in nations around the world, the Sea King has been built under license by Agusta in Italy, Mitsubishi in Japan, and by Westland in the United Kingdom as the Westland Sea King. The major civil versions are the S-61L and S-61N, during the Cold War, the Soviet Navy built up a large and varied fleet of submarines which at one point was in excess of 200 operational submarines. The US Navy decided to counter this threat perusing the improvement and development of various anti-submarine warfare capabilities, during the late 1950s, the US Navy was keen to take advantage of newly made progress upon turboshaft engines by commissioning a sizable navalised helicopter for their purposes. In 1957, Sikorsky was awarded a contract to produce an all-weather amphibious helicopter for the U. S. Navy, as such, the navigation suite for the rotorcraft was developed jointly by Sikorsky and the US Navy. The designation HSS-2 was applied to imply a level of commonality to the earlier HSS-1, a total of ten prototypes were produced to support the development program. In March 1959, the first prototype conducted its maiden flight, shortly after the competition of suitability trials, the US Navy formally accepted delivery of the first HSS-2 rotorcraft, which would be subsequently re-designated as the SH-3A, in September 1961. In late 1961 and early 1962, a modified U. S. Navy HSS-2 Sea King was used to break the FAI3 km,100 km,500 km and 1000 km helicopter speed records. This series of flights culminated on 5 February 1962 with the HSS-2 setting an absolute speed record of 210.6 mph. This record was broken by a modified French Sud-Aviation Super Frelon helicopter on 23 July 1963 with a speed of 217.7 mph, One of the major variants of the Sea King to be produced was a model for civil operators, which was designated as the Sikorsky S-61L. The first operator of the S-61L was Los Angeles Airways, who introduced the type to service on 11 March 1962. S, Air Force and the U. S. Coast Guard. It was also common for Sea Kings to be converted for non-ASW activities, these roles included minesweeping, combat search and rescue, and as a cargo/passenger utility transport. The Royal Canadian Navy became an operator of the type. One notable innovation in Canadian operations, which was adopted by several other nations, was the use of a winch hauldown landing method. This device considerably increased the ability of Sea Kings to land in difficult conditions, in addition to aircraft manufactured by Sikorsky, several license agreements were issued to other firms to produce the type, such as Mitsubishi in Japan and Agusta in Italy. Another licensee in the United Kingdom, Westland Helicopters, would modify the Sea King, producing the Westland Sea King
10.
Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk
–
The Sikorsky SH-60/MH-60 Seahawk is a twin turboshaft engine, multi-mission United States Navy helicopter based on the United States Army UH-60 Black Hawk and a member of the Sikorsky S-70 family. The most significant airframe modification is a tail to reduce its footprint aboard ships. The U. S. Navy uses the H-60 airframe under the model designations SH-60B, SH-60F, HH-60H, MH-60R, all Navy H-60s carry a rescue hoist for SAR/CSAR missions. During the 1970s, the U. S. Navy began looking for a new helicopter to replace the Kaman SH-2 Seasprite. The SH-2 Seasprite was used by the Navy as its platform for the Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System Mark I avionics suite for maritime warfare and a secondary search and rescue capability. Advances in sensor and avionic technology lead to the LAMPS Mk II suite, in the mid-1970s, the Army evaluated the Sikorsky YUH-60 and Boeing-Vertol YUH-61 for its Utility Tactical Transport Aircraft System competition. The Navy based its requirements on the Armys UTTAS specification to decrease costs from commonality, Sikorsky and Boeing-Vertol submitted proposals for Navy versions of their Army UTTAS helicopters in April 1977 for review. The Navy also looked at helicopters being produced by Bell, Kaman, Westland and MBB, in early 1978 the Navy selected Sikorskys S-70B design, which was designated SH-60B Seahawk. The SH-60B maintained 83% commonality with the UH-60A, other changes included larger fuel cells, an electric blade folding system, folding horizontal stabilators for storage, and adding a 25-tube pneumatic sonobuoy launcher on left side. Five YSH-60B Seahawk LAMPS III prototypes were ordered, the first YSH-60B flight occurred on 12 December 1979. The first production SH-60B made its first flight on 11 February 1983, the SH-60B entered operational service in 1984 with first operational deployment in 1985. The SH-60B is deployed primarily aboard frigates, destroyers, and cruisers, the primary missions of the SH-60B are surface warfare and anti-submarine warfare. It carries a complex system of including a towed Magnetic Anomaly Detector. Other sensors include the APS-124 search radar, ALQ-142 ESM system, munitions carried include the Mk 46, Mk 50, or Mk 54 torpedo, AGM-114 Hellfire missile, and a single cabin-door-mounted M60D/M2407.62 mm machine gun or GAU-16.50 in machine gun. A standard crew for a SH-60B is one pilot, one ATO/Co-Pilot, operating squadrons are designated Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron, Light. The SH-60J is a version of the SH-60B for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, the SH-60K is a modified version of the SH-60J. The SH-60J and SH-60K are built under license by Mitsubishi in Japan, after the SH-60B entered service, the Navy began development of the SH-60F to replace the SH-3 Sea King. Development of this variant began with the award of a contract to Sikorsky in March 1985, an early-model SH-60B was modified to serve as a SH-60F prototype
11.
Lockheed S-3 Viking
–
The Lockheed S-3 Viking is a four-seat, twin-engine turbofan-powered jet aircraft that was used by the U. S. Navy to identify and track enemy submarines. In the late 1990s, the S-3Bs mission focus shifted to surface warfare, the Viking also provided electronic warfare and surface surveillance capabilities to the carrier battle group. A carrier-based, subsonic, all-weather, multi-mission aircraft with range, it carried automated weapon systems. Because of the Vikings engines’ low-pitched sound, it was nicknamed the Hoover after the vacuum cleaner brand. In the mid-1960s, the U. S. Navy developed the VSX requirement for a replacement for the piston-engined Grumman S-2 Tracker as an aircraft to fly off the Navys aircraft carriers. In August 1968, a team led by Lockheed and a Convair/Grumman team were asked to develop their proposals to meet this requirement. Sperry Univac Federal Systems was assigned the task of developing the aircrafts onboard computers which integrated input from sensors, on 4 August 1969, Lockheeds design was selected as the winner of the contest, and eight prototypes, designated YS-3A were ordered. The first prototype flew on 21 January 1972 and the S-3 entered service in 1974, during the production run from 1974 to 1978, a total of 186 S-3As were built. The majority of the surviving S-3As were later upgraded to the S-3B variant, the S-3 is a conventional monoplane with a high-mounted cantilever wing, swept at an angle of 15°. Entry is by an entry door / ladder which folds out of the side of the fuselage, when the aircrafts anti-submarine warfare role ended in the late 1990s, the enlisted SENSOs were removed from the crew. In the tanking crew configuration, the S-3B typically flew only a crew of two. The wing is fitted with leading edge and Fowler flaps, spoilers are fitted to both the upper and the lower surfaces of the wings. All control surfaces are actuated by dual hydraulically boosted irreversible systems, in the event of dual hydraulic failures, an Emergency Flight Control System permits manual control with greatly increased stick forces and reduced control authority. Unlike many tactical jets which required ground service equipment, the S-3 was equipped with a power unit. The aircrafts original APU could provide only minimal electric power and pressurized air for both cooling and for the engines pneumatic starters. A newer, more powerful APU could provide electrical service to the aircraft. The APU itself was started from a hydraulic accumulator by pulling a handle in the cockpit. The APU accumulator was fed from the hydraulic system
12.
United States Navy
–
The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U. S. Navy is the largest, most capable navy in the world, the U. S. Navy has the worlds largest aircraft carrier fleet, with ten in service, two in the reserve fleet, and three new carriers under construction. The service has 323,792 personnel on duty and 108,515 in the Navy Reserve. It has 274 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of October 2016, the U. S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy, which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter. It played a role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy. It played the role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan. The 21st century U. S. Navy maintains a global presence, deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific, the Mediterranean. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Navy is itself a division of the Department of Defense, which is headed by the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Naval Operations is an admiral and the senior naval officer of the Department of the Navy. The CNO may not be the highest ranking officer in the armed forces if the Chairman or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The mission of the Navy is to maintain, train and equip combat-ready Naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression, the United States Navy is a seaborne branch of the military of the United States. The Navys three primary areas of responsibility, The preparation of naval forces necessary for the prosecution of war. The development of aircraft, weapons, tactics, technique, organization, U. S. Navy training manuals state that the mission of the U. S. Armed Forces is to prepare and conduct prompt and sustained combat operations in support of the national interest, as part of that establishment, the U. S. Navys functions comprise sea control, power projection and nuclear deterrence, in addition to sealift duties. It follows then as certain as that night succeeds the day, that without a decisive naval force we can do nothing definitive, the Navy was rooted in the colonial seafaring tradition, which produced a large community of sailors, captains, and shipbuilders. In the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, Massachusetts had its own Massachusetts Naval Militia, the establishment of a national navy was an issue of debate among the members of the Second Continental Congress. Supporters argued that a navy would protect shipping, defend the coast, detractors countered that challenging the British Royal Navy, then the worlds preeminent naval power, was a foolish undertaking. Commander in Chief George Washington resolved the debate when he commissioned the ocean-going schooner USS Hannah to interdict British merchant ships, and reported the captures to the Congress
United States
United States Navy
Vice admiral
.svg){kind=small}
_ribbon.svg){kind=small}
_ribbon.svg){kind=small}
