1.
Latin
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Latin is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets, Latin was originally spoken in Latium, in the Italian Peninsula. Through the power of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language, Vulgar Latin developed into the Romance languages, such as Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Romanian. Latin, Italian and French have contributed many words to the English language, Latin and Ancient Greek roots are used in theology, biology, and medicine. By the late Roman Republic, Old Latin had been standardised into Classical Latin, Vulgar Latin was the colloquial form spoken during the same time and attested in inscriptions and the works of comic playwrights like Plautus and Terence. Late Latin is the language from the 3rd century. Later, Early Modern Latin and Modern Latin evolved, Latin was used as the language of international communication, scholarship, and science until well into the 18th century, when it began to be supplanted by vernaculars. Ecclesiastical Latin remains the language of the Holy See and the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. Today, many students, scholars and members of the Catholic clergy speak Latin fluently and it is taught in primary, secondary and postsecondary educational institutions around the world. The language has been passed down through various forms, some inscriptions have been published in an internationally agreed, monumental, multivolume series, the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. Authors and publishers vary, but the format is about the same, volumes detailing inscriptions with a critical apparatus stating the provenance, the reading and interpretation of these inscriptions is the subject matter of the field of epigraphy. The works of several hundred ancient authors who wrote in Latin have survived in whole or in part and they are in part the subject matter of the field of classics. The Cat in the Hat, and a book of fairy tales, additional resources include phrasebooks and resources for rendering everyday phrases and concepts into Latin, such as Meissners Latin Phrasebook. The Latin influence in English has been significant at all stages of its insular development. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, English writers cobbled together huge numbers of new words from Latin and Greek words, dubbed inkhorn terms, as if they had spilled from a pot of ink. Many of these words were used once by the author and then forgotten, many of the most common polysyllabic English words are of Latin origin through the medium of Old French. Romance words make respectively 59%, 20% and 14% of English, German and those figures can rise dramatically when only non-compound and non-derived words are included. Accordingly, Romance words make roughly 35% of the vocabulary of Dutch, Roman engineering had the same effect on scientific terminology as a whole
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Liberal arts colleges in the United States
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Liberal arts colleges in the United States are certain undergraduate institutions of higher education in the United States. These schools are American institutions of education which have traditionally emphasized interactive instruction at the undergraduate level. These colleges also encourage a high level of interaction at the center of which are classes taught by full-time faculty rather than graduate student TAs. In addition, some colleges offer experimental curricula, Liberal arts colleges are also often associated with larger bodies or consortia. The largest association of liberal arts colleges in the United States is the Council of Independent Colleges, with more than 630 small. The Council of Public Liberal Arts Colleges is a consortium of liberal arts colleges. Many liberal arts colleges belong to the Annapolis Group, Oberlin Group, Womens College Coalition, a number of liberal arts colleges are involved in Project Pericles or the Eco League. Other well-known consortia in the Eastern United States include the Little Three, Colby-Bates Bowdoin Consortium, the Seven Sisters Colleges, similar consortia include the Claremont College Consortium in Southern California and the Associated Colleges of the Midwest in the Midwestern United States. Additional midwestern groups include the Five Colleges of Ohio, Associated Colleges of the Twin Cities, the Associated Colleges of the Midwest, groups in the Southern United States include the Associated Colleges of the South, and the Seven Sisters of the South. There are no passive ears, students and faculty work so closely together, teaching is an act of love. There is not only a relationship in class but professors become hiking companions, intramural teammates, dinner companions. Learning is collaborative rather than competitive, values are central, there is a sense of community. They are places of great synergy, where the whole becomes greater than the sum of the parts, aspirations are raised, young people are empowered. College and university rankings guides offer annual issues that rank liberal arts colleges separately from research universities, the Washington Monthly and U. S. News & World Report provide rankings specifically of liberal arts colleges. As a result, a majority of the approximately 80 presidents at the said that they did not intend to participate in the U. S. News reputational rankings in the future. Plus, the reputation of a school can help get that all-important first job, the peer survey is by nature subjective, but the technique of asking industry leaders to rate their competitors is a commonly accepted practice. The results from the survey also can act to level the playing field between private and public colleges. S. News has been supplying this exact college information for years already
3.
Financial endowment
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A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization. An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage, the total value of an institutions investments is often referred to as the institutions endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation, or trust. Among the institutions that commonly manage endowments are academic institutions, cultural institutions, service organizations, the earliest endowed chairs were those established by the Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius in Athens in AD176. Aurelius created one endowed chair for each of the schools of philosophy, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism. Later, similar endowments were set up in other major cities of the Empire. Today, the University of Glasgow has fifteen Regius Professorships, private individuals soon adopted the practice of endowing professorships. Isaac Newton held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge beginning in 1669, unrestricted endowment can be used in any way the recipient chooses to carry out its mission. Term endowment funds stipulate that all or part of the principal may be expended only after the expiration of a period of time or occurrence of a specified event. Quasi endowment funds must retain the purpose and intent as specified by the donor or source of the original funds, Endowment revenue can be restricted by donors to serve many purposes. Endowed professorships or scholarships restricted to a subject are common. Ignoring the restriction is called invading the endowment, but change of circumstance or financial duress like bankruptcy can preclude carrying out the donors intent. A court can alter the use of restricted endowment under a doctrine called cy-près meaning to find an alternative as near as possible to the donors intent, the restricted/unrestricted distinction focuses on the use of the funds, see quasi-endowment below for a distinction about whether principal can be spent. Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will control a endowment fund that finances a portion of the operating or capital requirements of the institution. In addition to an endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments that are intended to fund specific areas within the institution. The most common examples are endowed professorships, and endowed scholarships or fellowships, in the United States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of educational institutions. Alumni or friends of institutions sometimes contribute capital to the endowment, the endowment funding culture is strong in the United States and Canada but less pronounced overseas, with the exceptions of Cambridge and Oxford universities. Endowment funds have also created to support secondary and elementary school districts in several states in the United States. An endowed professorship is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund set up for that purpose
4.
Gambier, Ohio
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Gambier is a village in Knox County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,391 at the 2010 census, Gambier is the home of Kenyon College. A major feature is a path running the length of the village. This path has become a piece of Gambiers history, as it is used by students and residents alike as a way through the community. Gambier was laid out in 1824, the village was named after one of Kenyon Colleges early benefactors, Lord Gambier. Gambier is located at 40°22′35″N 82°23′48″W, along the Kokosing River, according to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.94 square miles, all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 2,391 people,343 households, the population density was 2,543.6 inhabitants per square mile. There were 375 housing units at a density of 398.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 90. 5% White,2. 8% African American,0. 2% Native American,2. 0% Asian,0. 8% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 8% of the population. 33. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.76. The median age in the village was 21.2 years. 4% of residents were under the age of 18,79. 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24,5. 1% were from 25 to 44,6. 7% were from 45 to 64, and 4. 5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47. 3% male and 52. 7% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 1,871 people,278 households, and 142 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,998.5 people per square mile, there were 305 housing units at an average density of 325.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 94. 07% White,2. 51% African American,1. 28% Asian,0. 05% Pacific Islander,0. 43% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 66% of the population. 39. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.03 and the average family size was 2.77. In the village, the population was out with 5. 8% under the age of 18,73. 1% from 18 to 24,7. 3% from 25 to 44,9. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 21 years, for every 100 females there were 82.7 males
5.
Ohio
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Ohio /oʊˈhaɪ. oʊ/ is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, the states capital and largest city is Columbus. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, the name originated from the Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning great river or large creek. Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state on March 1,1803, Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives, Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections. Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state, Ohios geographic location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Because Ohio links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo, Ohio has the nations 10th largest highway network, and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North Americas population and 70% of North Americas manufacturing capacity. To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles of coastline, Ohios southern border is defined by the Ohio River, and much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. Ohios neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Ontario Canada, to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. Ohio has only that portion of the river between the rivers 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark, the border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features glaciated plains, with a flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills, in 1965 the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, at attempt to address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region. This act defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia, the worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, as a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States. Grand Lake St. Marys in the west central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for canals in the era of 1820–1850. For many years this body of water, over 20 square miles, was the largest artificial lake in the world and it should be noted that Ohios canal-building projects were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their emergence to location on canals. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold, precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round
6.
Rural area
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In general, a rural area or countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Whatever is not urban is considered rural, typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas are rural, though so are others such as forests. Different countries have varying definitions of rural for statistical and administrative purposes, in Canada, the census division has been used to represent regions and census consolidated sub-divisions have been used to represent communities. Intermediate regions have 15 to 49 percent of their living in a rural community. Predominantly urban regions have less than 15 percent of their living in a rural community. Predominantly rural regions are classified as rural metro-adjacent, rural non-metro-adjacent and rural northern, following Ehrensaft, as well, rural northern regions encompass all of the Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut. Statistics Canada defines rural for their population counts and this definition has changed over time. Typically, it has referred to the population living outside settlements of 1,000 or less inhabitants, the current definition states that census rural is the population outside settlements with fewer than 1,000 inhabitants and a population density below 400 people per square kilometre. 84% of the United States inhabitants live in suburban and urban areas, Rural areas occupy the remaining 90 percent. The U. S. Census Bureau, the USDAs Economic Research Service, an urbanized area consists of a central surrounding areas whose population is greater than 50,000. USDA The USDAs Office of Rural Development may define rural by various population thresholds, for example, a metropolitan county is one that contains an urbanized area, or one that has a twenty-five percent commuter rate to an urbanized area regardless of population. In 2014, the USDA updated their rural / non-rural area definitions based on the 2010 Census counts, Rural health definitions can be different for establishing under-served areas or health care accessibility in rural areas of the United States. This became the Goldsmith Modification definition of rural, health care delivery in rural areas of the United States can be challenging. From 2005-2011, the rate of potentially preventable hospitalizations for acute conditions was highest in rural areas, in Brazil, theres different notions of rural area and countryside. Rural areas are any place outside an urban development and its carried by informal usage. Otherwise, countryside are officially defined as all municipalities outside the capitals metropolitan region. Some states as Mato Grosso do Sul doesnt have any metropolitan region, thus all of the state, Rio de Janeiro is singular in Brazil and its de facto a metropolitan state, as circa 70% of its population are located in Greater Rio
7.
National Register of Historic Places
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The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
8.
Historic districts in the United States
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Buildings, structures, objects and sites within a historic district are normally divided into two categories, contributing and non-contributing. Districts greatly vary in size, some have hundreds of structures, the U. S. federal government designates historic districts through the United States Department of Interior under the auspices of the National Park Service. Federally designated historic districts are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, state-level historic districts may follow similar criteria or may require adherence to certain historic rehabilitation standards. Local historic district designation offers, by far, the most legal protection for historic properties because most land use decisions are made at the local level, local districts are generally administered by the county or municipal government. The first U. S. historic district was established in Charleston, South Carolina in 1931, Charleston city government designated an Old and Historic District by local ordinance and created a board of architectural review to oversee it. New Orleans followed in 1937, establishing the Vieux Carré Commission, other localities picked up on the concept, with the city of Philadelphia enacting its historic preservation ordinance in 1955. The Supreme Court case validated the protection of resources as an entirely permissible governmental goal. In 1966 the federal government created the National Register of Historic Places, conference of Mayors had stated Americans suffered from rootlessness. By the 1980s there were thousands of federally designated historic districts, Historic districts are generally two types of properties, contributing and non-contributing. In general, contributing properties are integral parts of the historic context, in addition to the two types of classification within historic districts, properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places are classified into five broad categories. They are, building, structure, site, district and object, all but the eponymous district category are also applied to historic districts listed on the National Register. A listing on the National Register of Historic Places is governmental acknowledgment of a historic district, however, the Register is an honorary status with some federal financial incentives. The National Register of Historic Places defines a historic district per U. S. federal law, a district may also comprise individual elements separated geographically but linked by association or history. Districts established under U. S. federal guidelines generally begin the process of designation through a nomination to the National Register of Historic Places, the National Register is the official recognition by the U. S. government of cultural resources worthy of preservation. While designation through the National Register does offer a district or property some protections, if the federal government is not involved, then the listing on the National Register provides the site, property or district no protections. If, however, company A was under federal contract the Smith House would be protected, a federal designation is little more than recognition by the government that the resource is worthy of preservation. Usually, the National Register does not list religious structures, moved structures, reconstructed structures, however, if a property falls into one of those categories and are integral parts of districts that do meet the criteria then an exception allowing their listing will be made. Historic district listings, like all National Register nominations, can be rejected on the basis of owner disapproval, in the case of historic districts, a majority of owners must object in order to nullify a nomination to the National Register of Historic Places
9.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
10.
Philander Chase
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Philander Chase was an Episcopal Church bishop, educator, and pioneer of the United States western frontier, especially in Ohio and Illinois. His ancestors had been Puritans who fled to New England and his father, a deacon at their local Congregational church, wanted one of his five sons to become a minister. As had three of his brothers, Philander enrolled at Dartmouth College, as a student, Chase became acquainted with the Book of Common Prayer and a lay reader in the Episcopal Church. After graduating in 1795, he worked as a lay reader in various New England towns while studying for ordination, thus, he helped establish Trinity Church in his hometown. He studied with Rev. Thomas Ellison, rector of St. Peters Church in Albany, New York and he also married Mary Fay, of Hardwick, Massachusetts. They would have at least two sons George, and Philander before her death in May,1818, Chase remarried the following summer, and their children Henry, Mary and Philander would survive their parents. While Philander Chase was bishop of Ohio, his 12-year-old nephew, Rev. Chase oversaw the younger mans education in Worthington. The younger Chase then entered Cincinnati College and went on to become a statesman and jurist of note and his brother Dudley Chase also achieved distinction, as did his nephew Dudley Chase Denison. On May 10,1798, Bishop Samuel Provoost ordained Chase deacon at St. Georges Chapel on Long Island, New York, both were assigned missionary duties in the states northern and western parts. In 1799, Rev. Chase accepted a position to serve congregations in Poughkeepsie, New York, Rev. Provoost ordained him as a priest at St. Pauls Church in New York City on November 10, he called for his wife to join him. Chase then taught school in Poughkeepsie, as well as served more than five years at Christ Church, in 1805 Rev. Chase accepted a challenge to establish the first Episcopal congregation in Louisiana, thus becoming the founding rector of what ultimately became Christ Church Cathedral, New Orleans. He and Mary had moved south hoping to cure her tuberculosis, despite the successful parish organization and profitability of his school, they missed their children. Furthermore, with the help, Rev. Chase had purchased a slave. Chase thought slavery an evil and had emancipated Jack, who, however, a few months left on a ship for England. However, Chase continued to feel a call to evangelize, and remained interested in the religious condition. He also disagreed on educational and other matters with Bishop Provoosts successor, thus, in 1817 Rev. Chase traveled to Ohio, and on March 16,1817, preached his first sermon in the new state, at Conneaut Creek near Salem. He continued to evangelize on the frontier, reaching Cincinnati in May, Chase bought a farm in the relatively new town of Worthington, agreed to serve five parishes nearby, and became principal of Worthington Academy. He then called his family to him in Cleveland
11.
NCAA Division III
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Sports Division III is a division of the National Collegiate Athletic Association of the United States. The division consists of colleges and universities that choose not to offer athletically related financial aid to their student-athletes, as explained in more detail in the article about NCAA Division II, the NCAAs first split was into two divisions. The former College Division formed because many NCAA member schools wanted an alternative to the nature of what is now Division I. Division III formed in 1973, in a split of the College Division, the former College Division members that chose to offer athletic scholarships or to remain in a division with those who did became Division II, while members that did not became Division III. Division III is the NCAA’s largest division with 438 active member institutions, of the member institutions, 81% are private, while only 19% are public. Division III schools range in size from an undergraduate enrollment of 348 to a maximum of 21,247. Division III institutions have to sponsor at least five sports for men and five for women, there are minimum contest and participant minimums for each sport. Division III athletic programs are non-revenue-generating, extracurricular programs that are staffed and funded like any other university department, hence, they feature student-athletes who receive no financial aid related to their athletic ability. Student athletes also cannot redshirt as freshmen, and schools may not use endowments or funds whose primary purpose is to benefit athletic programs, Division III schools shall not award financial aid to any student on the basis of athletics leadership, ability, participation or performance. The ban on scholarships is strictly enforced. S, an all-sports conference is defined here as one that sponsors both mens and womens basketball. A conference name followed by * denotes a conference also sponsors football. Six of them are grandfathered schools that have competed at the highest level of a particular mens sport prior to the institution of the Division classifications in 1971. Presumably due to Title IX considerations, grandfathered schools are allowed to field one womens sport in Division I. These schools are allowed to offer scholarships in their Division I mens and womens sports to remain competitive with their opponents. The State University of New York at Oneonta, which had been grandfathered in mens soccer, rutgers University–Newark, which had been grandfathered in mens volleyball, did the same in 2014. Academic-based and need-based financial aid is available, as is the case for Division III. Franklin and Marshall College Hobart College Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT also fields mens rowing, lawrence continues to field a fencing team, but that team is now considered Division III. Football and basketball may not be grandfathered Division I programs because their potential would give them an unfair advantage over other Division III schools
12.
North Coast Athletic Conference
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The North Coast Athletic Conference is an NCAA Division III athletic conference composed of colleges located in Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania. When founded in 1984, the league was a pioneer in gender equality, today it remains true to that legacy, sponsoring 23 sports,11 for men and 12 for women. The NCAC is respected for the strength of its member institutions — all of which have Phi Beta Kappa chapters. In its most recent college rankings, U. S. News & World Report recognized all 10 members as top-tier liberal arts colleges, the formation of the NCAC is announced at joint news conferences in Cleveland, Columbus and Pittsburgh on February 1983. In 1988, Earlham College and Wittenberg College accepted invitations to join the NCAC, the two schools would begin play in the fall of 1989. In 1998, Hiram College, and Wabash College accepted invitations to join the NCAC, case Western Reserve, a charter member of the NCAC, announced that it would leave the NCAC following the 1998-99 academic year. The Spartans would compete on a basis in the University Athletic Association after more than a decade of joint conference membership affiliation. Most recently, Earlham announced that it would depart the NCAC for the Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference, dePauw University would become the 10th member of the NCAC, beginning in the 2011-12 season. The league currently has 10 full members, * Wabash is an all-male institution, five Colleges of Ohio Official website
13.
U.S. News & World Report
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U. S. News & World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinion, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis. Founded as a magazine in 1933, U. S. News transitioned to primarily web-based publishing in 2010. The rankings are popular in North America but have drawn criticism from colleges, administrations, and students for their dubious, disparate. The ranking system by U. S. News is usually contrasted with the Washington Monthly, United States News was founded in 1933 by David Lawrence, who also started World Report in 1946. The two magazines covered national and international news separately, but Lawrence merged them into U. S. News & World Report in 1948 and subsequently sold the magazine to his employees. Historically, the magazine tended to be more conservative than its two primary competitors, Time and Newsweek, and focused more on economic, health. It also eschewed sports, entertainment, and celebrity news, important milestones in the early history of the magazine include the introduction of the Washington Whispers column in 1934 and the News You Can Use column in 1952. In 1958, the magazines circulation passed one million and reached two million by 1973. Since 1983, it has become known primarily for its influential ranking and annual reports of colleges and graduate schools, spanning across most fields and its print edition was consistently included in national bestseller lists, augmented by online subscriptions. Additional rankings published by U. S. News & World Report include hospitals, in October 1984, publisher and real estate developer Mortimer B. Zuckerman purchased U. S. News & World Report. Zuckerman is also the owner of the New York Daily News, in 1993, U. S. News & World Report entered the digital world by providing content to CompuServe and in 1995, the website usnews. com was launched. In 2001, the won the National Magazine Award for General Excellence Online. In 2007, U. S. News & World Report published its first list of the nations best high schools and its ranking methodology includes state test scores and the success of poor and minority students on these exams, and schools performance in Advanced Placement exams. Starting in June 2008, the magazine reduced its frequency in three steps. It switched in June 2008 from weekly to biweekly, in November 2008 it decreased to monthly. In November 2010, it was reported that U. S, moving forward, the publication expressed its plans to focus mainly on research and the provision of relevant information to students pursuing higher education. Its rankings and university guide books are available in print at the majority of bookstores and magazine vendors in the United States, selling millions of copies on an annual basis. In June 2008, citing the overall magazine circulation and advertising, U. S. News & World Report announced that it would become a biweekly publication
14.
Pulitzer Prize
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The Pulitzer Prize /ˈpʊlᵻtsər/ is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher, Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of the categories, each receives a certificate. The winner in the service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal. The Pulitzer Prize does not automatically consider all applicable works in the media, entries must fit in at least one of the specific prize categories, and cannot simply gain entrance for being literary or musical. Works can also only be entered in a maximum of two categories, regardless of their properties, each year,102 jurors are selected by the Pulitzer Prize Board to serve on 20 separate juries for the 21 award categories, one jury makes recommendations for both photography awards. For each award category, a jury makes three nominations, the board selects the winner by majority vote from the nominations or bypasses the nominations and selects a different entry following a 75% majority vote. The board can also vote to issue no award, the board and journalism jurors are not paid for their work, however, the jurors in letters, music, and drama receive a $2,000 honorarium for the year, and each chair receives $2,500. Anyone whose work has been submitted is called an entrant, the jury selects a group of nominated finalists and announces them, together with the winner for each category. However, some journalists who were submitted, but not nominated as finalists. For example, Bill Dedman of msnbc, Dedman wrote, To call that submission a Pulitzer nomination is like saying that Adam Sandler is an Oscar nominee if Columbia Pictures enters Thats My Boy in the Academy Awards. Many readers realize that the Oscars dont work that way—the studios dont pick the nominees and its just a way of slipping Academy Awards into a bio. The Pulitzers also dont work that way, but fewer people know that, newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer gave money in his will to Columbia University to launch a journalism school and establish the Prize. It allocated $250,000 to the prize and scholarships and he specified four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one in education, and four traveling scholarships. After his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded June 4,1917, many people have won more than one Pulitzer Prize. Nelson Harding is the person to have won a Prize in two consecutive years, the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1927 and 1928. Four prizes Robert Frost, Poetry Eugene ONeill, Drama Robert E, in rare instances, contributors to the entry are singled out in the citation in a manner analogous to individual winners. Journalism awards may be awarded to individuals or newspapers or newspaper staffs, infrequently, Awards are made in categories relating to journalism, arts, letters and fiction
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U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
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The U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission is an independent agency of the United States federal government. The SEC was created by Section 4 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the SEC has a three-part mission, to protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation. To achieve its mandate, the SEC enforces the requirement that public companies submit quarterly and annual reports. MD&A will usually touch on the upcoming year, outlining future goals. In an attempt to level the field for all investors. Quarterly and semiannual reports from companies are crucial for investors to make sound decisions when investing in the capital markets. Unlike banking, investment in the markets is not guaranteed by the federal government. The potential for big gains needs to be weighed against that of sizable losses, the SEC makes reports available to the public through the EDGAR system. The SEC also offers publications on investment-related topics for public education, the same online system also takes tips and complaints from investors to help the SEC track down violators of the securities laws. The SEC adheres to a policy of never commenting on the existence or status of an ongoing investigation. Prior to the enactment of the securities laws and the creation of the SEC. They were enacted and enforced at the level, and regulated the offering. Though the specific provisions of these laws varied among states, they all required the registration of all offerings and sales, as well as of every U. S. stockbroker. However, these blue sky laws were found to be ineffective. For example, the Investment Bankers Association told its members as early as 1915 that they could ignore blue sky laws by making securities offerings across state lines through the mail. After holding hearings on abuses on interstate frauds, Congress passed the Securities Act of 1933, the subsequent Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regulates sales of securities in the secondary market. The Securities Act of 1933 is also known as the Truth in Securities Act and its goal was to increase public trust in the capital markets by requiring uniform disclosure of information about public securities offerings. For the first year of the enactment, the enforcement of the statute rested with the Federal Trade Commission
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United States Congress
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The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington, D. C, both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment. Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party, Congress has 535 voting members,435 Representatives and 100 Senators. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members and these members can, however, sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation. Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency, known as a district. Congressional districts are apportioned to states by using the United States Census results. Each state, regardless of population or size, has two senators, currently, there are 100 senators representing the 50 states. Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a term, with terms staggered. The House and Senate are equal partners in the legislative process—legislation cannot be enacted without the consent of both chambers, however, the Constitution grants each chamber some unique powers. The Senate ratifies treaties and approves presidential appointments while the House initiates revenue-raising bills, the House initiates impeachment cases, while the Senate decides impeachment cases. A two-thirds vote of the Senate is required before a person can be forcibly removed from office. The term Congress can also refer to a meeting of the legislature. A Congress covers two years, the current one, the 115th Congress, began on January 3,2017, the Congress starts and ends on the third day of January of every odd-numbered year. Members of the Senate are referred to as senators, members of the House of Representatives are referred to as representatives, congressmen, or congresswomen. One analyst argues that it is not a solely reactive institution but has played a role in shaping government policy and is extraordinarily sensitive to public pressure. Several academics described Congress, Congress reflects us in all our strengths, Congress is the governments most representative body. Congress is essentially charged with reconciling our many points of view on the public policy issues of the day. —Smith, Roberts, and Wielen Congress is constantly changing and is constantly in flux, most incumbents seek re-election, and their historical likelihood of winning subsequent elections exceeds 90 percent
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President of the United States
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The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation
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Fortune 500
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The Fortune 500 is an annual list compiled and published by Fortune magazine that ranks 500 of the largest U. S. corporations by total revenue for their respective fiscal years. The list includes public companies, along with privately held companies for which revenues are publicly available, the concept of the Fortune 500 was created by Edgar P. Smith, a Fortune editor, and the first list was published in 1955. The Fortune 500 is more used than its subset Fortune 100 or wider list Fortune 1000. The original Fortune 500 was limited to companies whose revenues were derived from manufacturing, mining, at the same time, Fortune published companion Fortune 50 lists of the 50 largest commercial banks, utilities, life insurance companies, retailers and transportation companies. Fortune magazine changed its methodology in 1994 to include service companies, with the change came 291 new entrants to the famous list including three in the Top 10. The Fortune 500 was first published in 1955, created by Edgar P. Smith, the original top ten companies were General Motors, Exxon Mobil, U. S. Steel, General Electric, Esmark, Chrysler, Armour, Gulf Oil, Mobil and DuPont
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Rhodes Scholarship
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The Rhodes Scholarship, named for the British mining magnate and South African politician Cecil John Rhodes, is an international postgraduate award for students to study at the University of Oxford. It is widely considered to be one of the worlds most prestigious scholarships, established in 1902, it was the first large-scale programme of international scholarships, inspiring the creation of a great many other awards in other countries. With the scholarships, he aimed at making Oxford University the educational centre of the English-speaking race, since its creation, controversy has surrounded both its former exclusion of women, and Rhodes Anglo-supremacist beliefs and legacy of colonialism. As of 2016, there have been 7,776 scholars since the programmes inception, more than 4,700 are still living. The Rhodes Scholarships are administered and awarded by the Rhodes Trust, which was established in 1902 under the terms and conditions of the will of Cecil John Rhodes, Rhodes motivation in establishing the scholarship is reflected in his will. Stead noted that it him to the world as the first distinguished British statesman whose Imperialism was that of Race, with the scholarships, he aimed at making Oxford University the educational centre of the English-speaking race. With this motivation in mind, the legacy originally provided for scholarships for the British colonies and these three were chosen because it was thought that a good understanding between England, Germany and the United States of America will secure the peace of the world. In 1925, the Commonwealth Fund Fellowships were established to reciprocate the Rhodes Scholarships by enabling British graduates to study in the United States and it also cooperates with universities in China, BLCC for example. BLCC offers high-level scholarships for students who aim to study Chinese in Beijing. In 1953, the Parliament of the United Kingdom created the Marshall Scholarship as an alternative to the Rhodes Scholarship that would serve as a living gift to the United States. For at least its first 75 years, Rhodes Scholars usually studied for a second Bachelor of Arts degree, while that remains an option, more recent scholars usually study for an advanced degree. In recognition of the centenary of the foundation of the Rhodes Trust in 2003 and these were John Brademas, Bob Hawke, Rex Nettleford and David R. Woods. During the centenary celebrations, the foundation of the Mandela Rhodes Foundation was also marked, Cecil Rhodes wished current scholars and Rhodes alumni to have opportunities of meeting and discussing their experiences and prospects. Each countrys scholarship varies in its selectivity, in the United States, in 2014, there were 857 university-endorsed applicants for the Americans Rhodes scholarship, of whom 3. 7% were ultimately elected. In Canada between 1997-2002, there were an average of 234 university-endorsed applicants annually for 11 scholarships, for a rate of 4. 7%. An early change was the elimination of the scholarships for Germany during the First, no German scholars were chosen from 1914 to 1929, nor from 1940 to 1969. Rhodess bequest was whittled down considerably in the first decades after his death, a change occurred in 1929, when an Act of Parliament established a fund separate from the original proceeds of Rhodess will and made it possible to expand the number of scholarships. Between 1993 and 1995, scholarships were extended to countries in the European Community
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Marshall Scholarship
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The Marshall Scholarship is a postgraduate scholarship for intellectually distinguished young Americans their countrys future leaders to study at any university in the United Kingdom. Created by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1953 as a gift to the United States in recognition of the generosity of Secretary of State George C. 2% in 2015. The program was also the first major co-educational British graduate scholarship, currently, there are over 1,900 Marshall Scholar alumni. These scholarships point the way to the continuation and growth of the understanding which found its necessity in the struggle of the war years. The published objectives of the Marshall Scholarships are outlined as follows, To enable intellectually distinguished young Americans, their countrys future leaders, to help scholars gain an understanding and appreciation of contemporary Britain. To contribute to the advancement of knowledge in science, technology, the humanities and social sciences, to motivate scholars to act as ambassadors from the USA to the UK and vice versa throughout their lives thus strengthening British American understanding. To promote the personal and academic fulfilment of each scholar, ray Dolby, Thomas L. Friedman, and former President of Duke University Nannerl Keohane. The number of scholars was increased to 30 in 1973,40 in 1991, in 2010, the Commission decided to offer a limited number of one year awards. Prospective applicants must first be endorsed by their universities to apply, the selection process is then coordinated through the eight major British embassy/consulate regions in the United States. Each committee then interviews each of the regional finalists prior to making the decisions on the years awards. In 2014, 16% of university-endorsed applicants received an interview, Marshall Scholars are talented, independent and wide-ranging in their interests, and their time as Scholars will enhance their intellectual and personal growth. Their direct engagement with Britain through its best academic programmes will contribute to their personal success. In appointing Scholars the selectors will look for distinction of intellect, preference will be given to candidates who display a potential to make a significant contribution to their own society. Selectors will also look for motivation and seriousness of purpose. Between 900 and 1000 students are typically endorsed to apply for the Marshall Scholarship annually, with 979 applying in 2014, in 2015,3. 2% of university-endorsed applicants to the Marshall Scholarship were elected. The Marshall selection committees place an emphasis on academic achievement and potential. Successful applicants, however, typically have much higher GPAs, more than half of applicants have perfect academic records, winners from Harvard University have had average GPAs of 3.92, and Stanford University recommends that applicants have a GPA of 3.8 or above. In comparison, winners of the Rhodes Scholarship from Harvard have had an average GPA of 3.8
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Harry S. Truman Scholarship
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The Harry S. Truman Scholarship is a highly competitive federal scholarship granted to U. S. college juniors for demonstrated leadership potential and a commitment to public service. The scholarship, in the amount of $30,000, is to go towards a graduate education, congress created the scholarship in 1975 as a living memorial to the 33rd president of the United States. Instead of a statue, the Truman Scholarship is the federal memorial to its namesake president. According to the Washington Post, the Truman Scholarships sole aim is to out people with potential to become leaders—then provide support to help them realize their aspirations. Each year, 55–60 candidates are named Truman Scholars following an application process involving essays, recommendations. On May 30,1974, Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri sponsored S.3548, Symington held the same Class 1 Senate seat that Truman had held from 1935–1945 before becoming Vice President. The Senate passed the bill on August 2, and the House followed suit on December 17. Two similar House bills, H. R.15138 sponsored by William J. Randall of Missouri, the bill was signed by President Gerald Ford and enacted as Public Law 93-642 on January 4,1975 and entered the United States Statutes at Large as 88 Stat. 2276–2280, and the United States Code as 20 U. S. C and it now operates as Program 85.001, governed by 45 CFR1801 as published in the Code of Federal Regulations in the Federal Register. The Truman Scholarship is administered by the Harry S Truman Scholarship Foundation, the Foundations operations are overseen by full-time Executive Secretary Dr. Andrew Rich. Its endowment, which takes the form of a federal trust fund held in the U. S. Department of the Treasury, is $55 million. Current Board members include Senator Roy Blunt, Senator Claire McCaskill, former Secretary of Education Arne Duncan, Congressman Charlie Dent, the scholarship is awarded to approximately 55-65 U. S. More broadly, Truman Scholars possess intellect, leadership skills, in order to apply for the scholarship, students must first win the nomination of their undergraduate university. Each undergraduate institution in the United States is allowed to nominate up to four students who have attended since freshman year, after nomination, annually the Foundation receives 600 applications, of whom between 55-60 will be selected each year. Each nominated application is examined by a regional review panel. The interviews are conducted by panels of former Truman scholars, trustees of the board and these panelists then make final selections of scholarship winners, generally attempting to choose one from each of the 50 states. No particular career, service interest, or policy field is preferred during the process, each year, the Truman Scholarship is awarded to one or two students from institutions that have never had a Truman Scholar. Scholars currently receive an award of $30,000 going toward up to three years of graduate education leading to a career in the public service, Scholars accept a 10-week Summer Institute internship in Washington, D. C. which features additional professional development training
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Fulbright Program
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The program was established to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and other countries through the exchange of persons, knowledge, and skills. It is one of the most prestigious scholarships in the world, the Fulbright Program provides 8,000 grants annually to undertake graduate study, advanced research, university lecturing, and classroom teaching. The Fulbright Program is administered by cooperating organizations like the Institute of International Education and it operates in over 160 countries around the world. The U. S. Department of States Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs sponsors the Fulbright Program from an appropriation from the U. S. Congress. Additional direct and in-kind support comes from governments, foundations, corporations. In each of 49 countries, a bi-national Fulbright Commission administers, in countries without a Fulbright Commission but that have an active program, the Public Affairs Section of the U. S. Embassy oversees the Fulbright Program. More than 360,000 persons have participated in the program since it began, fifty-four Fulbright alumni have won Nobel Prizes, eighty-two have won Pulitzer Prizes. In 1945, Senator J. William Fulbright proposed a bill to use the proceeds from selling surplus U. S. government war property to international exchange between the U. S. and other countries. The bill devised a plan to forgo the debts foreign countries amassed during the war and it was through the belief that this program would be an essential vehicle to promote peace and mutual understanding between individuals, institutions and future leaders wherever they may be. If we do not want to die together in war, we must learn to live together in peace. On August 1,1946, President Harry S. Truman signed the bill into law, since it began, the program has operated on a bi-national basis, each country active in the Fulbright Program has entered into an agreement with the U. S. government. The first countries to sign agreements were Cuba in 1947 and Burma, the Philippines, Educational exchange can turn nations into people, contributing as no other form of communication can to the humanizing of international relations. The Fulbright Program works two ways, U. S. citizens may receive funding to go to a foreign country, citizens may come to the U. S. Fulbright grants are offered in almost all academic disciplines except clinical medical research involving patient contact. Fulbright grantees fields of study span the arts, humanities, social sciences, mathematics, natural and physical sciences. Student Program offers fellowships for U. S. graduating seniors, graduate students, young professionals and artists to research, study, the Fulbright Foreign Student Program enables graduate students, young professionals and artists from abroad to conduct research and study in the United States. Some scholarships are renewed after the year of study. This program is currently on hiatus, the Fulbright-mtvU Fellowships award up to four U. S. students the opportunity to study the power of music as a cultural force abroad. Fellows conduct research for one year on projects of their own design about a chosen musical aspect
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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Rutherford Birchard Hayes was the 19th President of the United States. He became President at the end of the Reconstruction Era of the United States through a complex Compromise of 1877, Hayes, an attorney in Ohio, was city solicitor of Cincinnati from 1858 to 1861. When the Civil War began, he left a political career to join the Union Army as an officer. Hayes was wounded five times, most seriously at the Battle of South Mountain and he earned a reputation for bravery in combat and was promoted to the rank of brevet major general. After the war, he served in the Congress from 1865 to 1867 as a Republican, Hayes left Congress to run for Governor of Ohio and was elected to two consecutive terms, from 1868 to 1872, and then to a third term, from 1876 to 1877. In 1876, Hayes was elected president in one of the most contentious elections in national history and he lost the official popular vote to Democrat Samuel J. Tilden but he won an intensely disputed electoral college vote after a Congressional commission awarded him twenty contested electoral votes. The result was the Compromise of 1877, in which the Democrats acquiesced to Hayess election, Hayes believed in meritocratic government, equal treatment without regard to race. He ordered federal troops to crush the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 and he implemented modest civil service reforms that laid the groundwork for further reform in the 1880s and 1890s. He vetoed the Bland–Allison Act, which would have put money into circulation and raised nominal prices. His policy toward Western Indians anticipated the assimilationist program of the Dawes Act of 1887, Hayes kept his pledge not to run for re-election, retired to his home in Ohio, and became an advocate of social and educational reform. Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in Delaware, Ohio, on October 4,1822, Hayess father, a Vermont storekeeper, took the family to Ohio in 1817. He died ten weeks before Rutherfords birth, Sophia took charge of the family, bringing up Hayes and his sister, Fanny, the only two of their four children to survive to adulthood. She never remarried, Sophias younger brother, Sardis Birchard, lived with the family for a time and he was always close to Hayes and became a father figure to him, contributing to his early education. Through both his father and mother, Hayes was of New England colonial ancestry and his earliest American ancestor emigrated to Connecticut from Scotland in 1625. His mothers ancestors arrived in Vermont at a time. John Noyes, an uncle by marriage, had been his fathers partner in Vermont and was later elected to Congress. His first cousin, Mary Jane Noyes Mead, was the mother of sculptor Larkin Goldsmith Mead, John Humphrey Noyes, the founder of the Oneida Community, was also a first cousin. He became a member of the Sons of the American Revolution based on his descent from Daniel Austin, Hayes attended the common schools in Delaware, Ohio, and enrolled in 1836 at the Methodist Norwalk Seminary in Norwalk, Ohio
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Olof Palme
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Sven Olof Joachim Palme was a Swedish Social Democratic politician, statesman and prime minister. Electoral defeats in 1976 and 1979 marked the end of Social Democratic hegemony in Swedish politics and he returned as Prime Minister after electoral victories in 1982 and 1985. Palme was a pivotal, renowned, and polarizing figure domestically as well as in politics since the 1960s. Most famously, he was the first Western head of government to visit Cuba after its revolution and his 1972 condemnation of the Hanoi bombings, notably comparing the tactic to the Treblinka extermination camp, resulted in a temporary freeze in Sweden–United States relations. It had an impact across Scandinavia. Local convict and addict Christer Pettersson was convicted of the murder in the first instance court tingsrätten, Palme was born into an middle class, conservative Lutheran family in Östermalm, Stockholm, Sweden. Palme family was originally of Dutch ancestry, the family is related to several other prominent Swedish families such as the von Sydow family and the Wallenberg family. His father Gunnar Palme, was a businessman, son of Sven Theodore Palme, through her Olof Palme can claim ancestry from King Frederik I of Denmark. His mother, Elisabeth von Knieriem, was of a Baltic German tradesmen descent and she had arrived in Sweden from Russia as a refugee in 1915. Elisabeths great-great-great grandfather Johann Melchior von Knieriem had been ennobled by the Emperor Alexander I of Russia in 1814 and her great-grandfather Alexander von Knieriem was an attorney general of the Senate of Russian Empire, senator and member of the State Council of Imperial Russia. The von Knieriem do not count as members of the Baltische Ridderschaft. Palmes father died when he was six years old, despite his background, his political orientation came to be influenced by Social Democratic attitudes. His travels in the Third World, as well as the United States, a sickly child, Olof Palme received his education from private tutors. Even as a child he gained knowledge of two foreign languages – German and English and he studied at the Sigtuna School of Liberal Arts, one of Swedens few residential high schools, and passed the university entrance examination with high marks at the age of 17. He was called up into the Army in January 1945 and did his military service at A1 between 1945 and 1947, became in 1956 a reserve officer with the rank of Captain in the Artillery. After he was discharged from service in March 1947, he enrolled at the University of Stockholm. On a scholarship, he studied at Kenyon College, a liberal arts school in central Ohio from 1947–1948. Inspired by radical debate in the student community, he wrote an essay on Friedrich Hayeks The Road to Serfdom. Palme wrote his senior thesis on the United Auto Workers union
25.
Paul Newman
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Paul Leonard Newman was an American actor. Newmans other films include The Hustler, Cool Hand Luke, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid as Butch Cassidy, The Sting, and The Verdict. Despite being colorblind, Newman won several championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing. He was a co-founder of Newmans Own, a company from which he donated all post-tax profits. As of 2016, these donations have totaled over US$460 million and he was also a co-founder of Safe Water Network, a nonprofit that develops sustainable drinking water solutions for those in need. In 1988, Newman founded the SeriousFun Childrens Network, a family of summer camps. Newman was born in Shaker Heights, Ohio, the son of Theresa and Arthur Sigmund Newman. Newmans father was Jewish, and was the son of Simon Newman and Hannah Cohn, immigrants from Hungary, Newman had no religion as an adult, but described himself as a Jew, saying its more of a challenge. Newmans mother worked in his fathers store, while raising Paul and his brother, Arthur. Newman showed an early interest in the theater, his first role was at the age of seven, playing the court jester in a school production of Robin Hood. At age 10, Newman performed at the Cleveland Play House in a production of Saint George and the Dragon, graduating from Shaker Heights High School in 1943, he briefly attended Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, where he was initiated into the Phi Kappa Tau fraternity. Newman served in the United States Navy in World War II in the Pacific theater, initially, he enrolled in the Navy V-12 pilot training program at Yale University, but was dropped when his colorblindness was discovered. Boot camp followed, with training as a radioman and rear gunner, qualifying in torpedo bombers in 1944, Aviation Radioman Third Class Newman was sent to Barbers Point, Hawaii. He later flew as a gunner in an Avenger torpedo bomber. As a radioman-gunner, his unit was assigned to the USS Bunker Hill along with other replacements shortly before the Battle of Okinawa in the spring of 1945, the pilot of his aircraft had an ear infection which kept their plane grounded. The rest of their squadron flew to the Bunker Hill, days later, a kamikaze attack on the vessel killed a number of service members, including the other members of his unit. After the war, Newman completed his Bachelor of Arts in drama and economics at Kenyon College in Gambier, shortly after earning his degree, he joined several summer stock companies, most notably the Belfry Players in Wisconsin and the Woodstock Players in Illinois. He toured with them for three months and developed his talents as a part of Woodstock Players and he later attended the Yale School of Drama for one year, before moving to New York City to study under Lee Strasberg at the Actors Studio
26.
Allison Janney
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Allison Brooks Janney is an American actress. A seven-time Primetime Emmy Award winner for her work, her first four Emmy wins were for her role as C. J. Cregg on the NBC drama The West Wing. In 2014, she won the Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her role as Margaret Scully on the Showtime series Masters of Sex. In 2014 and 2015, she won the Emmy for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her role as Bonnie Plunkett on the CBS sitcom Mom. Janney, who won a scholarship to study at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in the summer of 1984 and she won Drama Desk Awards for the 1997 Broadway revival of A View From the Bridge, and the 2009 original Broadway production of the musical 9 to 5. She also received Tony Award nominations for both, Janney was born in Boston, Massachusetts and raised in Dayton, Ohio. She is the daughter of Macy Brooks, an actress and homemaker. She is one of three siblings, Janney attended The Miami Valley School in Dayton, where she was named a distinguished alumna in 2004, and the Hotchkiss School in Connecticut. She then attended Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, at Kenyon, she studied with Paul Newman, an alumnus of Kenyon. He directed her in a play as the event of the schools newly dedicated Bolton Theater. Newman and his wife Joanne Woodward encouraged Janney to continue acting and she then went on to train at the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York and did summer programs at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. She attended The Neighborhood Playhouse the same years as actor Dylan McDermott, Janneys first role on television was in the short-lived black-and-white faux-1940s comedy Morton & Hayes, she appeared in two episodes of the 1991 CBS series as Eddie Hayes wife. She then moved on to soap operas, she first played Vi Kaminski for a time on As the World Turns, following up with a two-year role as Ginger, one of the Spaulding maids. In the spring of 1994, she appeared in the finale of Law & Order. She was also a cast member on the radio show A Prairie Home Companion, in 2006, she had roles in the feature films Margaret and Over the Hedge. In 1999, she was cast in the role of press secretary C. J. Cregg on the television drama The West Wing. She was also nominated for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in the 2003 and 2006 Primetime Emmys, Janney won two Screen Actors Guild awards for Best Actress in a dramatic series, in 2001 and 2002. The cast of The West Wing won the Screen Actors Guild award for Best Ensemble in a series the same two years
27.
How I Met Your Mother
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How I Met Your Mother is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19,2005 to March 31,2014. The series follows the character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son, the series was created by Craig Thomas and Carter Bays, who also served as the shows executive producers and were frequent writers. The series was inspired by their friendship when they both lived in New York City. Among the 208 episodes, there were four directors, Pamela Fryman, Rob Greenberg, Michael Shea. Known for its structure and eccentric humor, How I Met Your Mother has gained a cult following over the years. The show initially received positive reviews, while the later seasons received more mixed reviews, the show was nominated for 28 Emmy Awards, winning nine. In 2010, Alyson Hannigan won the Peoples Choice Award for Favorite TV Comedy Actress, in 2012, seven years after its premiere, the series won the Peoples Choice Award for Favorite Network TV Comedy, and Neil Patrick Harris won the award for Favorite TV Comedy Actor. The series concerns the adventures of Ted Mosby narrating the story of how he met the mother of his children, the lives of all characters are entwined in each others. The shows frame story depicts Ted verbally retelling the story to his son Luke, the show instead focuses on Teds prior relationships and his dissatisfaction with those women, thus setting the stage for his eventual happiness with Tracy. The two drew from their friendship in creating the characters, Ted is based loosely on Bays, and Marshall and Lily are based loosely on Thomas and his wife. Thomas wife Rebecca was initially reluctant to have a character based on her, Hannigan was looking to do more comedy work, and was available. The role of Barney was initially envisioned as a John Belushi-type character before Neil Patrick Harris won the role after being invited to an audition by the casting director Megan Branman. Pamela Fryman invited Bob Saget to be the narrator, Future Ted, explaining to him that the show would be like The Wonder Years. Saget either went to the studio and recorded the narration while watching the episode, or did so separately. He normally did not attend table readings, but did so for the last episode, in various interviews Bays and Thomas have stated that a pretty famous actress turned down the role of Robin, whom they revealed in February 2014 to have been Jennifer Love Hewitt. They then cast Cobie Smulders for the role who, at the time, was fairly unknown, Bays and Thomas later said, Thank God we did for a million reasons. When Teds seeing her for the first time, Americas seeing her for the first time — the intriguingness of that propelled the show going forward, according to an Entertainment Weekly article, the writers adopted facets of each main actors personality and incorporated them into their characters
28.
Josh Radnor
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Joshua Thomas Radnor is an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter. He is best known for portraying Ted Mosby on the popular Emmy Award-winning CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother, in 2012, he wrote, directed and starred in his second film, Liberal Arts, which premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival. In 2014, Radnor portrayed Isaac in the Broadway play Disgraced and he then starred as Dr. Jedediah Foster on the PBS American Civil War drama series Mercy Street. Radnor was born in Columbus, Ohio, the son of Carol Radnor, a school guidance counselor, and Alan Radnor. Radnor has two sisters, Melanie Radnor and Joanna Radnor Vilensky and he grew up in Bexley, Ohio, a small city nested inside Columbus. Radnor attended Orthodox Jewish day schools and was raised in Conservative Judaism and he graduated from Kenyon with a Bachelor of Arts in drama in 1996. Radnor received his Master of Fine Arts degree in acting from New York Universitys Graduate Acting Program at the Tisch School of the Arts in 1999, Radnor participated in an Israel experience program in Tzfat with Livnot ULehibanot in 1997. In 2001, Radnor was cast as the lead in The WB series Off Centre, however, the role was re-cast with Eddie Kaye Thomas before the first episode aired. In 2002, he made his Broadway debut in the version of The Graduate, succeeding Jason Biggs, opposite Kathleen Turner. In 2004, Radnor starred in The Paris Letter alongside his future How I Met Your Mother co-star, from 2005 to 2014, Radnor starred in How I Met Your Mother, his biggest role to date. In July 2008, he starred opposite Jennifer Westfeldt in the premiere of the play Finks, written by Joe Gilford and directed by Charlie Stratton for New York Stage and Film. Radnor made his debut with the film Happythankyoumoreplease, where he was both the writer and star of the 2010 comedy-drama. His second directorial effort, Liberal Arts, starring himself and Elizabeth Olsen, Radnor appeared in the Broadway production of Disgraced, which opened October 23,2014 at the Lyceum Theatre. In October 2016, Radnor also confirmed he is in a band, Radnor and Lee, the pair are currently recording their debut album, Love Songs for God & Women. He is set to direct the thriller film The Leaves. In 2008, Radnor told the Los Angeles Times, I do Transcendental Meditation, Radnor is an outspoken opponent of pornography. In a 2016 interview, he said, Im not a porn addict, I didnt grow up in any kind of repressive, super religious environment. I never felt I was in danger of eternal damnation or anything, I do believe porn is a huge problem that has to be confronted
29.
The Fault in Our Stars
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The Fault in Our Stars is the sixth novel by author John Green, published in January 2012. The story is narrated by Hazel Grace Lancaster, a 16-year-old girl with cancer, Hazel is forced by her parents to attend a support group where she subsequently meets and falls in love with 17-year-old Augustus Waters, an ex-basketball player and amputee. A feature film adaptation of the directed by Josh Boone and starring Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort. Both the book and its film adaptation were met with critical and commercial success. Hazel Grace Lancaster—a 16-year-old with cancer that has spread to her lungs—attends a cancer patient support group at her mothers behest, at first she hesitates because she feels like it has done her nothing. Augustus is at the meeting to support his friend, Isaac, Hazel and Augustus strike a bond immediately and agree to read each others favorite novels. After Augustus finishes reading her book, he is frustrated upon learning that the novel ends abruptly without a conclusion, Hazel explains the novels author had retreated following the novels publication and has not been heard from since. A year later, Augustus reveals to Hazel that he has tracked down Van Houtens assistant, Lidewij, the two write to Van Houten with questions regarding the novels ending and the fate of the mother of Anna. Van Houten eventually replies, explaining that he can only answer Hazels questions in person, at a picnic, Augustus surprises Hazel with tickets to Amsterdam to meet Van Houten. While in Amsterdam, Augustus confesses his love for Hazel, Hazel and Augustus finally meet Van Houten but are shocked to find that he is a mean-spirited drunk. Augustus confesses that his cancer has returned, the two affirm their love and support for each other. Upon their return to Indianapolis, Augustuss health worsens and he ends up in the ICU for a few days, fearing his death, Augustus invites Isaac and Hazel to his pre-funeral, where they give eulogies. An extremely sick Augustus dies soon after and this leaves Hazel heartbroken and she doesnt know what to do with herself. After this traumatic event, Van Houten shows up at Augustuss funeral to apologize to Hazel, Hazel learns that Augustus was writing a sequel to An Imperial Affliction. He says getting hurt in this world is inevitable, but we do get to choose who we allow to hurt us, and that he is happy with his choice, the book closes with Hazel stating that she is happy with her choice. On December 21,2011, Barnes & Noble accidentally shipped 1500 copies of The Fault in Our Stars before the date to people who had pre-ordered the book. Green released a statement saying, Mistakes happen, the people who made this error were not bad or incompetent people, and they were not acting maliciously. We all make mistakes, and it is not my wish to see Barnes, most kept to this promise leaving the experience untarnished for those who got the book on the intended release date
30.
John Green (author)
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John Michael Green is an American author, vlogger, writer, producer, actor and editor. He won the 2006 Printz Award for his novel, Looking for Alaska. The 2014 film adaptation opened at one on the box office. In 2014, Green was included in Time magazines list of The 100 Most Influential People in the World, another film based on a Green novel, Paper Towns, was released on July 24,2015. Aside from being a novelist, Green is also known for his YouTube ventures. In 2007, he launched the VlogBrothers channel with his brother, Green was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, to Mike and Sydney Green. Three weeks after he was born, his family moved to Michigan, then later Birmingham, Alabama, Green graduated from Kenyon College in 2000 with a double major in English and Religious studies. He has spoken about being bullied and how it had made life as a teenager miserable for him, after graduating from college, Green spent five months working as a student chaplain at Nationwide Childrens Hospital in Columbus, Ohio while enrolled at the University of Chicago Divinity School. Green lived for years in Chicago, where he worked for the book review journal Booklist as a publishing assistant. While there, he reviewed hundreds of books, particularly literary fiction and he has also critiqued books for The New York Times Book Review and created original radio essays for NPRs All Things Considered and WBEZ, Chicagos public radio station. Green later lived in New York City for two years while his wife attended graduate school, the novel was awarded the annual Michael L. Printz Award by the American Library Association, recognizing the years best book written for teens, based entirely on its literary merit. It also appeared on the ALAs annual list Top 10 Best Books for Young Adults, as sales of Looking for Alaska continued to increase in 2011, Green showed mixed feelings about a movie, which he felt would threaten readers intense and private connection to the story. In 2012, the book reached The New York Times Best Seller list for childrens paperbacks, Greens second novel, An Abundance of Katherines was a runner-up for the Printz Award and a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize. In November 2009, that book reached Number 10 on The New York Times Best Seller list for childrens books. In 2008, Greens third novel, Paper Towns, debuted at five on The New York Times Best Seller list for childrens books. In 2009, Paper Towns was awarded the 2009 Edgar Award for Best Young Adult Novel, after this, Green and his friend, young-adult writer David Levithan, collaborated on the novel Will Grayson, Will Grayson, which was published by Dutton in 2010. It was a runner-up for two of the annual ALA awards, the Stonewall Book Award, and the Odyssey Award for Excellence in Audiobook Production, in August 2009, Green announced he was writing a new book entitled The Sequel, which was later scrapped. His sixth book, The Fault in Our Stars, was released in January 2012 and he crafted the novel by collaborating with Dutton editor Julie Strauss-Gabel
31.
E. L. Doctorow
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Edgar Lawrence E. L. Doctorow was an American novelist, editor, and professor, best known internationally for his works of historical fiction. He has been described as one of the most important American novelists of the 20th century and he wrote twelve novels, three volumes of short fiction and a stage drama. They included the award-winning novels Ragtime, Billy Bathgate, and The March and these, like many of his other works, placed fictional characters in recognizable historical contexts, with known historical figures, and often used different narrative styles. His stories were recognized for their originality and versatility, and Doctorow was praised for his audacity and imagination. A number of Doctorows novels were adapted for the screen, including, Welcome to Hard Times, with Henry Fonda, Daniel, starring Timothy Hutton. His most notable adaptations were for the film, Ragtime and the Broadway musical of the same name, president Barack Obama called him one of Americas greatest novelists. Doctorow was born in the Bronx, the son of Rose and David Richard Doctorow and his father ran a small music shop. He then enrolled in a class to increase his opportunities to write. Doctorow attended Kenyon College in Ohio, where he studied with the poet and New Critic John Crowe Ransom, acted in theater productions. While at Kenyon College, Doctorow joined the Middle Kenyon Association, after graduating with honors in 1952, he completed a year of graduate work in English drama at Columbia University before being drafted into the United States Army. He served as a corporal in the corps, in Germany 1954–55. He began it as a parody of western fiction, but it evolved to be a reclamation of the genre before he was finished. It was published to positive reviews in 1960, with Wirt Williams of the New York Times describing it as taut and dramatic, exciting and successfully symbolic. When asked how he decided to become a writer, he said, eventually, I asked of a story not only what was to happen next, but how is this done. How am I made to live from words on a page, and so I became a writer. Gaines, and William Kennedy, among others, in 1969, Doctorow left publishing to pursue a writing career. It was widely acclaimed, called a masterpiece by The Guardian, Doctorows next book, written in his home in New Rochelle, New York, was Ragtime, later named one of the 100 best novels of the 20th century by the Modern Library editorial board. His subsequent work includes the award-winning novels Worlds Fair, Billy Bathgate, in Ragtime, for example, he arranges the story to include Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung sharing a ride at Coney Island, or a setting with Henry Ford and J. P. Morgan
32.
Bexley Hall
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Bexley Hall, also known as Bexley Seabury, is a seminary with locations in Bexley, Ohio, a suburb of Columbus, and in Chicago, Illinois. The school is one of 10 official seminaries of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, Bexley Seaburys mission includes, creating new networks of Christian formation, entrepreneurial leadership and bold inquiry in the service of the Gospel. The seminary was established in 1824 by Bishop Philander Chase in conjunction with the establishment of Kenyon College in Gambier, Bexley Hall was later identified separately, and was named in honour of Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley, an early benefactor of Kenyon College. After 30 years in New York state, in 1998, Bexley Hall re-established a campus in Ohio through a partnership with Trinity Lutheran Seminary of Columbus, in a suburb coincidentally named Bexley. In February 2008, the announced the May closure of the Rochester campus, citing falling student numbers. In April 2013 Bexley Hall inaugurated a historic federated relationship with Seabury-Western Theological Seminary, the Bexley Hall portion of the two-campus federation is situated adjacent to the Capital University campus, a liberal arts institution with undergraduate, graduate and professional school divisions. Additionally, the transformative federated relationship between Bexley Hall and Seabury-Western seminaries has enhanced the new mission, geographic scope and operational capacity
33.
Episcopal Diocese of Ohio
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The Episcopal Diocese of Ohio is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America comprising the northern 48 counties of the state of Ohio. It is one of 15 dioceses that make up the Province of the Midwest, originally the diocesan see, or headquarters city, was located in Gambier in south-central Ohio, but moved to Cleveland shortly after the diocesan split. Offices are located on Euclid Avenue near Trinity Cathedral, the cathedral of the diocese, as settlers and missionaries moved westward after the Revolutionary War, they brought their faith traditions with them, including those of the newly formed Episcopal Church. Shortly after Ohio was admitted to the Union, the first Episcopal church was established in the state at Worthington, after years of fruitless petitions and through the hard work of missionaries and others, the General Convention of the Episcopal Church finally granted Ohio a separate diocese in 1818. Philander Chase was appointed the first Bishop of Ohio in 1819, Chase returned from a fund raising trip to England in 1823 and established the diocesan headquarters and a new Episcopal college, Kenyon College, in Gambier. Kenyon College and Gambier were named for Lord Kenyon and Lord Gambier, Bishop Chase retired after a leadership dispute in 1832, and soon moved to Illinois. Charles Pettit McIlvaine succeeded him as Ohios bishop and Kenyon Colleges president, upon Bishop McIlvaines death in 1873, Gregory Thurston Bedell became the Third Bishop of Ohio, having been consecrated as assistant bishop in 1859. Bishop Bedell had staunchly supported the Union in the Civil War, two years later, the General Convention split the Diocese of Ohio into two separate dioceses. William Andrew Leonard was consecrated as the Fourth Bishop of Ohio in 1889 and was responsible, with backing from William G. Mather, for constructing Trinity Cathedral. Charles F. Schweinfurth designed the structure in English Perpendicular Gothic form from Indiana limestone, diocesan offices were located in the adjoining Church House, where they remain. The Right Reverend Mark Hollingsworth, Jr
34.
Baron Kenyon
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Lord Kenyon, Baron of Gredington, in the County of Flint, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1788 for the lawyer and judge Sir Lloyd Kenyon and he served as Master of the Rolls and as Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales. Kenyon had already created a Baronet, of Gredington in the County of Flint. His grandson, the third Baron, briefly represented St Michaels in the House of Commons and his grandson, the fourth Baron, held minor office in the governments of Lord Salisbury, Arthur Balfour and David Lloyd George and also served as Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire. In 1912 Lord Kenyon assumed by Royal licence the surname of Tyrell. As of 2010 the titles are held by his grandson, the sixth Baron, new York, St Martins Press,1990, Leigh Rayments Peerage Pages
35.
Lord Gambier
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Admiral of the Fleet James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier GCB was a Royal Navy officer. Gambier went on to be a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty, together with General Lord Cathcart, he oversaw the bombardment of Copenhagen during the Napoleonic Wars. He later survived an accusation of cowardice for his inaction at the Battle of the Basque Roads. Born the second son of John Gambier, the Lieutenant Governor of the Bahamas and Deborah Stiles and he was a nephew of Vice-Admiral James Gambier and of Admiral Lord Barham and became an uncle of the novelist and travel writer Georgiana Chatterton. He transferred to the 50-gun fourth-rate HMS Chatham under Rear Admiral Parry, in 1772, Gambier was placed on the sloop HMS Spy and was then posted to England to serve on the 74-gun third-rate HMS Royal Oak, a guardship at Spithead. Lord Howe promoted Gambier to commander on 9 March 1778 and gave him command of the bomb ship HMS Thunder and he was appointed commander of fifth-rate HMS Endymion, cruising in British waters, later in the year. In 1783, at the end of the War, he was placed on half-pay, in February 1793 following the start of the French Revolutionary Wars, Gambier was appointed to command the 74-gun third-rate HMS Defence under Lord Howe. By faith an evangelical, he was regarded as a religious man, nicknamed Dismal Jimmy. Gambier became a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty on the Admiralty Board led by Earl Spencer in March 1795 and he went on to be governor and commander-in-chief of Newfoundland Station in March 1802. It was around that time that he also bought Iver Grove in Buckinghamshire, Gambier then returned to the Admiralty as a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty on the Admiralty Board led by Viscount Melville when the Second Pitt the Younger Ministry was formed in May 1804. Promoted to full admiral on 9 November 1805, Gambier left the Admiralty in February 1806 and he returned briefly for a third tour on the Admiralty Board led by Lord Mulgrave when the Second Portland Ministry was formed in April 1807. In May 1807 Gambier volunteered to command the forces, with his flag in the second-rate HMS Prince of Wales. Together with General Lord Cathcart, he oversaw the bombardment of Copenhagen from 2 September until the Danes capitulated after three days, in 1808 Gambier was appointed to command the Channel Fleet. In April 1809 he chased a squadron of French ships that had escaped from Brest into the Basque Roads and he called a council of war in which Lord Cochrane was given command of the inshore squadron, and who subsequently led the attack. Gambier refused to commit the Channel Fleet after Cochranes attack, using explosion vessels that encouraged the French squadron to warp further into the shallows of the estuary and this action resulted in the majority of the French fleet running aground at Rochefort. Gambier was content with the role played by the offshore squadron. Admiral Sir Eliab Harvey, who had commanded Fighting Temeraire at the Battle of Trafalgar and he told Gambier I never saw a man so unfit for the command of a fleet as Your Lordship. Cochrane threatened to use his vote against Gambier in retaliation for not committing the fleet to action
36.
Hannah More
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Hannah More was an English religious writer and philanthropist. Born in Bristol she taught at a school established by her father and she became involved with the literary elite in London becoming a leading member of the Bluestocking group. Her plays and poetry became more evangelical and she became part of a group of campaigners against the slave trade, in the 1790s she wrote several Cheap Repository Tracts which covered moral, religious and political topics for sale or distribution to literate poor people. This coincided with her philanthropic work in the Mendip area, encouraged by William Wilberforce. Born in 1745 at Fishponds in the parish of Stapleton, near Bristol, Hannah More was the fourth of five daughters of Jacob More, a schoolmaster originally from Harleston, Norfolk. They were a family and the sisters were first educated by their father, learning Latin and mathematics, Hannah was also taught by her elder sisters. Her conversational French was improved by spending time with French prisoners of war in Frenchay during the Seven Years War and she was keen to learn, and possessed a sharp intellect - she was assiduous in studying and, according to family tradition, began writing at an early age. Hannah More became a pupil when she was years old. In 1767 More gave up her share in the school after becoming engaged to William Turner of Tyntesfield, Wraxall, Somerset, as compensation, Hannah More was induced to accept a £200 annuity from Turner. This set her free for literary pursuits, and in the winter of 1773–74 she went to London in the company of her sisters, Sarah, some verses that she had written on David Garricks version of King Lear led to an acquaintance with the celebrated actor and playwright. Metastasio was one of her models, on his opera of Attilio Regulo she based a drama. More attempted to associate herself with Londons literary elite, including Samuel Johnson, Joshua Reynolds, Johnson is quoted as saying to her Madam, before you flatter a man so grossly to his face, you should consider whether or not your flattery is worth having. He would later be quoted as calling her the finest versifatrix in the English language and she later wrote a witty celebration of her friends and the circle to which they belonged in her 1782 poem The Bas Bleu, or, Conversation, published in 1784. Garrick wrote the prologue and epilogue for Hannah Mores tragedy Percy, Percy was revived in 1785 with Sarah Siddons at Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. A copy of Percy was found amongst Mozarts possessions in 1791, another drama, The Fatal Falsehood, produced in 1779 after Garricks death, was less successful and, as a consequence of its failure, she never wrote for the stage again. However a tragedy entitled The Inflexible Captive was published in 1818, in 1781 she first met Horace Walpole, man of letters and art historian, and corresponded with him from that time. At Bristol she discovered the poet Ann Yearsley and, when Yearsley became destitute, lactilia, as Yearsley was called, published Poems, on Several Occasions in 1785, earning about £600. These literary and social failures caused Mores withdrawal from Londons intellectual circles, in the 1780s Hannah More became a friend of James Oglethorpe, who had long been concerned with slavery as a moral issue and who was working with Granville Sharp in an early abolitionist capacity
37.
Worthington, Ohio
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Worthington is a city in Franklin County, Ohio, United States, and is a northern suburb of the larger Columbus. The population was 13,575 at the 2010 census, James Kilbourne was elected president and Josiah Topping secretary. On August 30,1802 James Kilbourne and Nathaniel Little arrived at Colonel Thomas Worthingtons home in Chillicothe and they tentatively reserved land along the Scioto River on the Pickaway Plains for their new settlement. Jonas Stanbery and his partner, an American Revolutionary War general, sixteen thousand acres were purchased along the Whetstone River at $1.50 per acre. This land was part of the United States Military District surveyed by Israel Ludlow in 1797, on May 7,1803 James Kilbourne arrived at what is now Worthington to inspect the Scioto Companys purchase. A work party of seven hired laborers, paid $12 per month each, on August 10,1803 the Scioto Company voted to name the village for Thomas Worthington, one of Ohios first two senators, and for each member to contribute $2 to support a library. In September 1803 the first settlers departed Connecticut by horse, Ezra Griswold was the lone settler who traveled by oxcart. With this he is officially the first settler of Worthington, beating his fellow Company men to the site, by December 1803, Worthington was divided into 160, three quarter acre city lots with a 5-acre public green in the center of the village. Thirty seven persons bid between $53 and $0.25 to select a lot and those who bid nothing were given a choice of the remaining lots. Farm lots, ranging from 20 to 130 acres and averaging 93 acres, were sold off in the same way, both the Episcopal Church and Worthington Academy were given an 80-acre farm lot and 20-acre wood lot to provide financial support. By August 11,1804 the plat maps were completed, payments or notes promising payments collected, on January 28,1805, having completed its work of apportioning land and establishing the church, school and library, the Scioto Company was dissolved. On February 20,1808 the Worthington Academy was incorporated by the Ohio legislature and its bell now adorns Kilbourne Middle School. That same year James Kilbourne erected a building for a newspaper. This building still stands at 679-681 High Street as the oldest commercial building in use in the state. In 1811, Ezra Griswold built a large south-facing brick tavern on the lot north of the northeast quadrant of the public square and that same year, the Orange Johnson house was constructed north of the Village Green. During the War of 1812, several Worthington militia marched north with General William Hulls army and were surrendered at Detroit on August 12,1812, on September 7,1814, Zophar Topping died while serving with Indian scouts. He was one of two Worthington casualties during the war along with Luther Palmer, on May 24,1813 James Kilbourne took a seat in the United States House of Representatives. On August 25,1817 President James Monroe visited Worthington, also in 1817, Philander Chase moved to Worthington to become the first rector of St. Johns Episcopal Church
38.
Knox County, Ohio
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Knox County is a county located in the U. S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 60,921 and its county seat is Mount Vernon. The county is named for Henry Knox, an officer in the American Revolutionary War who was later the first Secretary of War, Knox County comprises the Mount Vernon, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Columbus-Marion-Zanesville, OH Combined Statistical Area. Knox County was formed from Fairfield County in 1808, a rich African American cultural heritage has existed in the county since its founding. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 530 square miles. Approximately 58% of the county is farmland and 28% is forested, most of the county lies in the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau with rolling hills and valleys. Although the relief is not sharp, some elevations in the county reach over 1400 feet above sea level. The racial makeup of the county was 96. 7% White,0. 8% Black or African American,0. 2% Native American,0. 6% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 4% from other races, and 1. 2% from two or more races. 1. 2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,25. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 27. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the family size was 3.04. In the county, the population was out with 28. 0% under the age of 20,7. 9% from 20 to 24,22. 5% from 25 to 44,27. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38.3 years, for every 100 females there were 94.70 males. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males, the median income for a household in the county was $48,734, and the median income for a family was $50,034. The per capita income for the county was $22,628, about 9. 4% of families and 13. 0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19. 2% of those under age 18 and 8. 3% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 60,921 people,22,607 households, the population density was 115.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 25,118 housing units at a density of 47.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 96. 7% white,0. 8% black or African American,0. 6% Asian,0. 2% American Indian,0. 4% from other races, and 1. 2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1. 2% of the population, in terms of ancestry,30. 5% were German,14. 4% were Irish,13. 9% were English, and 9. 2% were American
39.
Mount Vernon, Ohio
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Mount Vernon is a city in Knox County, Ohio, United States. The population was 16,990 at the 2010 census and it is the county seat of Knox County. The community was platted in 1805, and named after Mount Vernon, on January 1959 a severe flood caused 500 homes to be evacuated and caused $5 million in damage. In August 2006, an F0 tornado touched down on the west side of town and it demolished a barn at the local 84 Lumber, and the resulting debris blew across the road to the DeCosky GM car dealership. It caused at least $150,000 of damage, the Woodward Opera House, the oldest opera theater of its kind in the United States, is located downtown. The theater is currently under renovation and will, upon its completion, be transformed into a local cultural. The Knox County Historical Society, with a building and extensive exhibits, exhibits feature information about Daniel Decatur Emmett, Paul Lynde, The Cooper Company and other subjects. Mount Vernon is located at 40°23′34″N 82°28′52″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.60 square miles, of which 9.41 square miles is land and 0.19 square miles is water. The city lies in the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau and is surrounded by rolling hills, the Kokosing River and U. S. Route 36 pass through the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 16,990 people,7,110 households, the population density was 1,805.5 inhabitants per square mile. There were 7,836 housing units at a density of 832.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 95. 3% White,1. 1% African American,0. 2% Native American,1. 1% Asian,0. 7% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 8% of the population. 38. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 16. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.88. The median age in the city was 37.2 years. 21. 8% of residents were under the age of 18,13. 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24,23. 2% were from 25 to 44, 24% were from 45 to 64, and 17. 3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46. 5% male and 53. 5% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 15,256 people,6,187 households, and 3,730 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,710.4 people per square mile, there were 6,713 housing units at an average density of 798.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 96. 66% White,1. 15% African American,0. 31% Native American,0. 54% Asian,0. 29% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 87% of the population
40.
John Crowe Ransom
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John Crowe Ransom was an American educator, scholar, literary critic, poet, essayist and editor. He is considered to be a founder of the New Criticism school of literary criticism, as a faculty member at Kenyon College, he was the first editor of the widely regarded Kenyon Review. Highly respected as a teacher and mentor to a generation of accomplished students, he also was a prize-winning poet, John Crowe Ransom was born on April 30,1888 in Pulaski, Tennessee. His father, John James Ransom was a Methodist minister and his mother was Sara Ella Ransom. He had two sisters, Annie Phillips and Ella Irene, and one brother, Richard and he grew up in Spring Hill, Franklin, Springfield, and Nashville, Tennessee. He was home schooled until age ten, from 1899 to 1903, he attended the Bowen School, a public school whose headmaster was Vanderbilt alumnus Angus Gordon Bowen. He entered Vanderbilt University in Nashville at the age of fifteen and his philosophy professor was Collins Denny, later a Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. After teaching one year in Lewisburg, he was selected as a Rhodes Scholar. He attended Christ Church, Oxford, 1910–13, where he read Greats and he taught Latin for one year at the Hotchkiss School alongside Samuel Claggett Chew. He was then appointed to the English department at Vanderbilt University in 1914, during the First World War, he served as an artillery officer in France. After the war, he returned to Vanderbilt, under their influence, Ransom, whose first interest had been philosophy began writing poetry. His first volume of poems, Poems about God, was praised by Robert Frost, out of all the Fugitive poets, Norton poetry editors Richard Ellmann and Robert OClair opined that, among the most remarkable, characterizing his poetry as quirky and at times eccentric. The Agrarians believed that the Southern tradition, rooted in the pre-Civil War agricultural model, was the answer to the Souths economic and his contribution to Ill Take My Stand is his essay Reconstructed but Unregenerate which starts the book and lays out the Southern Agrarians basic argument. However, by the late 1930s he began to distance himself from the movement and he remained an active essayist until his death even though, by the 1970s, the popularity and influence of the New Critics had seriously diminished. In 1937, he accepted a position at Kenyon College in Gambier and he was the founding editor of the Kenyon Review, and continued as editor until his retirement in 1959. In 1966, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts, doctorow, Cleanth Brooks, Richard M. Weaver, and Constantinos Patrides. His literary reputation is based chiefly on two collections of poetry, Chills and Fever and Two Gentlemen in Bonds, believing he had no new themes upon which to write, his subsequent poetic activity consisted almost entirely of revising his earlier poems. Hence Ransoms reputation as a poet is based on the fewer than 160 poems he wrote, the poems satisfy our nostalgia for the past, yet themselves have none
