1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Metallica
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Metallica is an American heavy metal band based in San Rafael, California. The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles when vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield responded to an advertisement posted by drummer Lars Ulrich in a local newspaper, Metallicas current line-up comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo. Guitarist Dave Mustaine and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band, the bands fast tempos, instrumentals, and aggressive musicianship placed them as one of the founding big four bands of thrash metal, alongside Anthrax, Megadeth, and Slayer. The band expanded its musical direction and achieved commercial success with its eponymous fifth album Metallica. The album was also their first to debut at number one on the Billboard 200, in 2000, Metallica joined with other artists who filed a lawsuit against Napster for sharing the bands copyright-protected material without consent from the band. A settlement was reached and Napster became a pay-to-use service, the band returned to its original musical style with the release of Death Magnetic, and in 2009, Metallica was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Metallica has released ten albums, four live albums, five extended plays,26 music videos. The band has won eight Grammy Awards and six of its albums have debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. The bands eponymous 1991 album has sold over 16 million copies in the United States, Metallica ranks as one of the most commercially successful bands of all time, having sold over 110 million records worldwide. Metallica has been listed as one of the greatest artists of all time by many magazines, including Rolling Stone, in 2012, Metallica formed the independent record label Blackened Recordings and took full ownership of its albums and videos. The band is currently promoting Hardwired. to Self-Destruct, which was released on November 18,2016, guitarists James Hetfield and Hugh Tanner of Leather Charm answered the advertisement. Although he had not formed a band, Ulrich asked Metal Blade Records founder Brian Slagel if he could record a song for the upcoming compilation album Metal Massacre. Slagel accepted and Ulrich recruited Hetfield to sing and play rhythm guitar, the band was officially formed in October 1981, five months after Ulrich and Hetfield first met. Ulrich talked to his friend Ron Quintana, who was brainstorming names for a fanzine, Quintana had proposed the names MetalMania and Metallica. A second advertisement was placed in The Recycler for a position as lead guitarist, Dave Mustaine answered, Ulrich and Hetfield recruited him after seeing his expensive guitar equipment. In early 1982, Metallica recorded its first original song Hit the Lights for the Metal Massacre I compilation, Hetfield played bass on the song and Lloyd Grant was credited with a guitar solo. Metal Massacre I was released on June 14,1982, early pressings listed the band incorrectly as Mettallica, the bands first taste of live success came early, they were chosen to open for British heavy metal band Saxon at one gig of their 1982 US tour. Metallica recorded its first demo, Power Metal, an inspired by Quintanas early business cards in early 1982
3.
Rochester, New York
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Rochester is a city on the southern shore of Lake Ontario in the western portion of the U. S. state of New York, and the seat of Monroe County. The citys population was the third largest — after New York City. This area, which is part of the Western New York region, had a population of 1,079,671 at the time of the 2010 Census, a Census estimate of July 1,2012, raised that number to 1,082,284. Rochester was one of Americas first boomtowns, and rose to prominence as the site of many mills along the Genesee River. Several of the universities have renowned research programs. In addition, Rochester is the site of important inventions and innovations in consumer products. Until 2010, the Rochester metropolitan area was the second-largest regional economy in New York State, internal Revenue Service, after the New York City metropolitan area. Rochesters GMP has since ranked just below that of Buffalo, New York, the 25th edition of the Places Rated Almanac rated Rochester as the most livable city in 2007, among 379 U. S. metropolitan areas. In 2010 Forbes rated Rochester as the third-best place to raise a family, in 2012 Kiplinger rated Rochester as the fifth-best city for families, citing low cost of living, top public schools, and a low jobless rate. Of the 19 places in the United States named Rochester at least eight were named directly after Rochester, New York, having been founded or settled by former residents. These include Rochester, Indiana, Rochester, Texas, Rochester, Iowa, Rochester, Kentucky, Rochester, Michigan, Rochester, Minnesota, Rochester, Nevada, and Rochester, Ohio. The Seneca tribe of Native Americans lived in and around Rochester until they lost their claim to most of land in the Treaty of Big Tree in 1797. Settlement before the Seneca tribe is unknown, development of modern Rochester followed the American Revolution, and forced cession of their territory by the Iroquois after the defeat of Great Britain. Allied with the British, four major Iroquois tribes were forced from New York. As a reward for their loyalty to the British Crown, they were given a land grant on the Grand River in Canada. Rochester was founded shortly after the American Revolution by a wave of English-Puritan descended immigrants from New England who were looking for new agricultural land and they would be the dominant cultural group in Rochester for over a century. They chose the site because its three cataracts on the Genesee offered great potential for water power, beginning in 1811, and with a population of 15, the three founders surveyed the land and laid out streets and tracts. In 1817, the Brown brothers and other landowners joined their lands with the Hundred Acre Tract to form the village of Rochesterville, by 1821, Rochesterville was the seat of Monroe County
4.
Thrash metal
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Thrash metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music characterized by its fast tempo and overall aggression. The songs usually use fast percussive beats and low-register guitar riffs, the lyrics often deal with social issues and reproach for The Establishment, using direct and denunciatory language, an approach borrowed from hardcore punk. The genre evolved in the early 1980s from combining the fast drum beats and attitude of hardcore with the double bass drumming, heavy and complex guitar style of the new wave of British heavy metal. It emerged partially as a reaction to the conventional and widely acceptable glam metal. Thrash metal was an inspiration for subsequent extreme genres such as death metal, Four American bands—Anthrax, Megadeth, Metallica, and Slayer—are credited with pioneering and popularizing the genre. The Clash of the Titans tour, which featured Megadeth, Slayer, thrash metal has seen a resurgence in recent times, with many of the older bands returning to their roots with their new releases. A new generation of metal bands emerged in the early 2000s. Thrash metal generally features fast tempos, low-register, complex riffs, high-register guitar solos. The genre evolved in the early 1980s from combining the drum beats of hardcore punk with the style of the new wave of British heavy metal. It emerged partially as a reaction to the conventional and widely acceptable glam metal. The rhythm guitar parts are played with distortion and often palm muted to create a tighter. Vocally, thrash metal can employ anything from singing to shouted vocals. The guitar riffs often use chromatic scales and emphasize the tritone and diminished intervals, for example, the intro riff of Metallicas Master of Puppets is a chromatic descent, followed by a chromatic ascent based on the tritone. Speed, pacing and time-changes also define thrash metal, thrash tends to have an accelerating feel which may be due in large part to its aggressive drumming style. For example, drummers often use two drums, or a double-bass pedal, in order to create a relentless, driving beat. Cymbal stops/chokes are often used to transition from one riff to another or to precede an acceleration in tempo, to keep up with the other instruments, many bassists use a plectrum. However, some prominent thrash metal bassists have used their fingers, such as Frank Bello, Greg Christian, Steve DiGiorgio, Robert Trujillo, several bassists use a distorted bass tone, an approach popularized by Burton and Motörheads Lemmy. Lyrical themes in thrash metal include warfare, corruption, injustice, murder, suicide, isolation, alienation, addiction, in addition, politics, particularly pessimism and dissatisfaction towards politics, are common themes among thrash metal bands
5.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
6.
Ride the Lightning
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Ride the Lightning is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica, released on July 27,1984, by the independent record label Megaforce Records. The album was recorded in three weeks with producer Flemming Rasmussen at the Sweet Silence Studios in Copenhagen, Denmark, the artwork, based on a concept by the band, depicts an electric chair being struck by lightning flowing from the band logo. The title was taken from a passage in Stephen Kings novel The Stand, although rooted in the thrash metal genre, the album showcased the bands musical growth and lyrical sophistication. This was partly because bassist Cliff Burton introduced the basics of theory to the rest of the band and had more input in the songwriting. Instead of relying strictly on fast tempos as on its debut Kill Em All, Metallica broadened its approach by employing acoustic guitars, extended instrumentals, the overall recording costs were paid by Metallicas European label Music for Nations because Megaforce was unable to cover it. It was the last album to feature songwriting contributions from lead guitarist Dave Mustaine. Ride the Lightning received positive response from critics, who saw it as a more ambitious effort than its predecessor. Metallica promoted the album on the Bang That Head That Doesnt Bang European tour in late 1984, the band performed at a few major music festivals, such as Monsters of Rock and Day on the Green later that year. Two months after its release, Elektra Records signed Metallica to a multi-year contract, Ride the Lightning peaked at number 100 on the Billboard 200 with no radio exposure. Although 75,000 copies were pressed for the American market. It was certified 6× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in 2012 for shipping six million copies in the United States, many rock publications have ranked Ride the Lightning on their best album lists, saying it had a lasting impact on the genre. Metallica released their debut album Kill Em All on the independent label Megaforce Records in July 1983, the album helped to establish thrash metal, a heavy metal subgenre defined by its brisk riffs and intense percussion. After finishing its tour, Metallica began composing new material. Because the band had little money, its members often ate one meal a day, an incident occurred when part of Metallicas gear was stolen in Boston, and Anthrax lent Metallica its equipment to complete the remaining dates. When not gigging, the band stayed in a house in El Cerrito, California. Hetfield gradually built confidence as lead vocalist and kept his original role, Metallica started recording on February 20,1984 at Sweet Silence Studios in Copenhagen, Denmark. The album was produced by Flemming Rasmussen, founder of Sweet Silence, drummer Lars Ulrich chose Rasmussen because he liked his work on Rainbows Difficult to Cure and was keen to record in Europe. Rasmussen, who had not heard of Metallica, agreed to work on the album, Rasmussen listened to Metallicas tapes before the members arrived and thought the band had great potential
7.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
8.
Whiplash (Metallica song)
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Whiplash is a song by American heavy metal band Metallica. It was released as the first single from their debut album, the song has been covered a number of times, most notably by Motörhead whose version won a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance. Whiplash was first played in October 23,1982, and was one of the last songs they wrote for Kill Em All. Motörhead covered this song for the Metallica tribute album Metallic Attack, The Ultimate Tribute, pantera, using the joke name Pantallica, performed the song live along with Seek & Destroy with Jason Newsted on bass, and members Dimebag Darrell and Philip Anselmo switching roles. Destruction covered this song for a Metallica tribute album, and released it on some editions of their album All Hell Breaks Loose as a bonus track. Stone Gods covered the song on their Knight of the Living Dead tour, Whiplash appears in the soundtrack for the video game Tony Hawks Underground 2. Whiplash is a song in Guitar Hero, Metallica. The song can be heard, during a scene, in the 2012 comedy film Thats My Boy - starring Adam Sandler. According to Metallica guitarist Kirk Hammett in an interview, Whiplash was the favorite Metallica song of the late Nirvana lead singer Kurt Cobain, US Single US Single Whiplash lyrics from the official website
9.
Jump in the Fire
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Jump in the Fire is a song by American heavy metal band Metallica. It was released as the second and final single from their debut album, the single was accompanied by fake live performances of Phantom Lord and Seek & Destroy which were alternate studio recordings with sounds of a crowd overdubbed in. Alongside Hit the Lights and No Remorse, Jump in the Fire is one of Metallicas first original songs, having been included on Ron McGovneys 82 Garage demo, an unreleased recording. The original lyrics and content, which dealt with sex, were written by Dave Mustaine in his former band Panic at the age of 16, the original version that Mustaine introduced to Hetfield and Ulrich upon joining Metallica was raw. The three worked together on refining the song and the outcome is what is heard on the demo. However, much like the events surrounding The Four Horsemen, new lyrics were written by James Hetfield upon Mustaines departure from Metallica, the new lyrics revolve around people being damned to Hell and therefore jumping in the fire. Lars Ulrich claims that they had written the song to sound like Run to the Hills by Iron Maiden, current live performances since 2004 are in D standard tuning, as opposed to the E standard tuning of earlier live performances. The single sleeve artwork depicts a red-skinned demonic creature basking in flames and this artwork copies the Demon off the cover of Graham Mastertons 1978 novel, The Devils of D-Day, painted by Les Edwards. In 2009, an action figure of this character was released by MediCom Toy Inc. With an original price of $99.99, the approximately 12-inch tall figure is limited to 1,000 pieces. International Single Original work by Les Edwards used for the artwork of the single Jump in the Fire Jump in the Fire lyrics
10.
Heavy metal music
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Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as metalheads or headbangers. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with such as Mötley Crüe. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre and these include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop. Heavy metal is characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound. Metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter, or omit one or more of these attributes, the typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purples Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ, in 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III, by the 1990s, in. almost every subgenre of heavy metal synthesizers were used. The electric guitar and the power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a use of high volumes. Guitar solos are an element of the heavy metal code. That underscores the significance of the guitar to the genre, most heavy metal songs featur at least one guitar solo, which is a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity. One exception is nu metal bands, which tend to omit guitar solos, with rhythm guitar parts, the heavy crunch sound in heavy metal. Palm muting the strings with the hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more sound and it emphasizes the low end
11.
New wave of British heavy metal
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The new wave of British heavy metal was a nationwide musical movement that started in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s and achieved international attention by the early 1980s. The DIY attitude of the new metal bands led to the spread of raw-sounding, self-produced recordings, song lyrics were usually about escapist themes such as mythology, fantasy, horror and the rock lifestyle. The NWOBHM began as an underground phenomenon growing in parallel to punk and it was only through the promotion of rock DJ Neal Kay and Sounds campaigning that it reached the public consciousness and gained radio airplay, recognition and success in the UK. The movement involved mostly young, white, male and working-class musicians and fans, as a reaction to their bleak reality, they created a community separate from mainstream society to enjoy each others company and their favourite loud music. The NWOBHM was heavily criticised for the hype generated by local media in favour of mostly talentless musicians. The movement spawned perhaps a metal bands, but only a few survived the advent of MTV. Among them, Iron Maiden and Def Leppard became international stars, other groups, such as Diamond Head, Venom and Raven, remained underground, but were a major influence on the successful extreme metal subgenres of the late 1980s and 1990s. Many bands from the NWOBHM reunited in the 2000s and remained active through live performances, as a consequence of deindustrialization, the unemployment rate was exceptionally high, especially among working class youth. It continued to rise in the early 1980s, peaking in February 1983, the discontent of so many people caused social unrest with frequent strikes, and culminated in a series of riots. These self-proclaimed punks were politically militant, relishing their anarchic attitude and they wore short and spiked hairstyles or shaved heads, often with safety pins and ripped clothes, and considered musical prowess unimportant as long as the music was simple and loud. The UK was a cradle of the first wave of heavy metal, of the many British bands that came to prominence during that period, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple achieved worldwide success and critical acclaim. The success of the genre, usually called heavy rock at the time, generated a community of UK fans with strong ties to psychedelia, hippie doctrines. Some writers even declared the premature demise of heavy metal altogether, foreign hard rock acts, such as Blue Öyster Cult and Kiss from the US, Rush from Canada, Scorpions from Germany, and especially AC/DC from Australia, climbed the British charts in the same period. The band Motörhead was founded in 1975 by already experienced musicians and their leader Ian Lemmy Kilmister was a former member of the space rock band Hawkwind, Larry Wallis had played with Pink Fairies, and Eddie Clarke had been a member of Curtis Knights Zeus. Their previous experience is one element which divides critics and fans over whether the band belongs to the new wave of British heavy metal, didnt do us much good, because Motörhead came along a bit too early for it. Other critics view Motörhead as the first significant exponent of the movement and their fast music, the renunciation of technical virtuosity in favour of sheer loudness, and their uncompromising attitude were welcomed equally by punks and heavy metal fans. Motörhead were supported by many NWOBHM bands on tour, and they shared the stage with Lemmys friends punk band The Damned. Motörheads musical style became popular during the NWOBHM, making them a fundamental reference for the nascent movement
12.
Hardcore punk
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Hardcore punk is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s. It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock, New York punk had a harder-edged sound than its San Francisco counterpart, featuring anti-art expressions of masculine anger, energy and subversive humor. Hardcore punk generally disavows commercialism, the music industry and anything similar to the characteristics of mainstream rock. Hardcore sprouted underground scenes across the United States in the early 1980s, particularly in Washington, New York, New Jersey, and Boston—as well as in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. Hardcore has spawned the straight movement and its associated submovements, hardline. Hardcore was heavily involved with the rise of the independent record labels in the 1980s and it has also influenced various music genres that have experienced widespread commercial success, including alternative rock, thrash metal, emo and metalcore. While traditional hardcore has never experienced mainstream success, some of its early pioneers have garnered appreciation over time. In 2011, Rolling Stone writer David Fricke placed Greg Ginn of Black Flag 99th place in his 100 Greatest Guitarists list, although the music genre started in English-speaking western countries, notable hardcore scenes have existed in Italy, Brazil, Japan, Europe and the Middle East. The origin of the hardcore punk is uncertain. The Vancouver-based band D. O. A. may have helped to popularize the term with the title of their 1981 album, Hardcore 81. C. Hardcore historian Steven Blush said that the term hardcore is also a reference to the sense of being fed up with the existing punk, Blush also states that the term refers to an extreme, the absolute most Punk. One definition of the genre is a form of exceptionally harsh punk rock, like the Oi. subgenre of the UK, hardcore punk can be considered an internal music reaction. According to one writer, distressed by the artificiality of much post-punk, lacking the art-school grace of post-punk, hardcore punk favor low key visual aesthetic over extravagance and breaking with original punk rock song patterns. One of the important philosophies in the scene is authenticity. The pejorative term poseur is applied to those who associate with punk and adopt its stylistic attributes but are deemed not to share or understand the underlying values and philosophy. Joe Keithley, the vocalist of D. O. A. said in an interview, in the vein of earlier punk rock, most hardcore punk bands have followed the traditional singer/guitar/bass/drum format. The songwriting has more emphasis on rather than melody. Critic Steven Blush writes The Sex Pistols were still rocknroll. like the craziest version of Chuck Berry, Hardcore was a radical departure from that
13.
Billboard 200
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The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
14.
Master of Puppets
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Master of Puppets is the third studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica, released on March 3,1986 by Elektra Records. Recorded at the Sweet Silence Studios with producer Flemming Rasmussen, it was the first Metallica album released on a record label. Master of Puppets was the bands last album to feature bassist Cliff Burton, the album peaked at number 29 on the Billboard 200 and became the first thrash metal album to be certified platinum. It was certified 6× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in 2003 for shipping six million copies in the United States, the album was eventually certified 6× platinum by Music Canada and gold by the British Phonographic Industry. Master of Puppets was released to acclaim and has been included in several publications best album lists. Its driving, virtuosic music, and angry political lyrics drew praise from critics outside the metal community, the album is considered the bands strongest effort of the period and is one of the most influential heavy metal albums. Critics credit it for consolidating the American thrash metal scene with its atmospheric, many bands from all genres of heavy metal have covered the albums songs, including tribute albums. Master of Puppets was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant enough for preservation in the National Recording Registry by the United States Library of Congress in 2016, only 450 recordings have earned this distinction, with Master of Puppets being the first metal selection. The cover was designed by Metallica and Peter Mensch and painted by Don Brautigam and it depicts a cemetery field of white crosses tethered to strings, manipulated by a pair of hands in a blood-red sky. Instead of releasing a single or video in advance of the albums release, the European leg was canceled after Burtons death in September 1986, and the band returned home to audition a new bassist. Metallica honored the albums 20th anniversary on the Escape from the Studio 06 tour, Metallicas 1983 debut Kill Em All laid the foundation for thrash metal with its aggressive musicianship and vitriolic lyricism. The album revitalized the American underground scene, and records by contemporaries followed in similar manner, the bands second album Ride the Lightning extended the limits of the genre with its more sophisticated songwriting and improved production. The album caught the attention of Elektra Records representative Michael Alago, Elektra reissued Ride the Lightning on November 19, and the band began touring larger venues and festivals throughout 1985. After parting with manager Jon Zazula, Metallica hired Q Prime executives Cliff Burnstein, during the summer, the band played the Monsters of Rock festival at Castle Donington, alongside Bon Jovi and Ratt in front of 70,000 fans. Metallica was motivated to make an album that would impress critics and fans, lead singer/rhythm guitarist James Hetfield and drummer Lars Ulrich were the main songwriters on the album, already titled Master of Puppets. The two developed ideas at a garage in El Cerrito, California, before inviting bassist Cliff Burton, Hetfield and Ulrich described the songwriting process as starting with guitar riffs, assembled and reassembled until they start to sound like a song. After that, the band came up with a title and topic. Master of Puppets was Metallicas first album not to feature songwriting contributions from lead guitarist Dave Mustaine
15.
Elektra Records
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Elektra Records is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, founded in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt. It played an important role in the development of folk music. In 2004, it was consolidated into WMGs Atlantic Records Group, after five years of dormancy, the label was revived as an imprint of Atlantic in 2009. The label has been run by Gregg Nadel since 2015 who officially became its president in 2017, Elektra was formed in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt in Holzmans St. Johns College dorm room. The usual spelling of the Greek mythological Pleiad Electra was changed, Holzman famously explained, I gave her the ‘K’ that I lacked. He found the C in the name too soft but liked the solid bite of the letter K. The first Elektra LP, New Songs, was a collection of Lieder and similar art songs, Holzman also recorded Josh White, who was without a record deal as a result of McCarthyite blacklisting. In 1964, Elektra launched Nonesuch Records and this classical budget label was the best-selling budget classical label of the era. In 1965, Elektra began a joint venture with Survey Music called Bounty Records which was Elektras first foray into pop music. The most notable signing for Bounty was the Paul Butterfield Band who was moved over to Elektra when Bounty folded, the labels most important signings were the Chicago-based Paul Butterfield Blues Band, the Los Angeles bands Love and The Doors, and the Detroit bands The Stooges and MC5. Included in Elektras LA signings were Tim Buckley and Bread, in 1968, the label also signed pioneering rock guitar soloist Lonnie Mack to a three-album deal. Also in 1967, Elektra launched its influential Nonesuch Explorer Series, excerpts from several Nonesuch Explorer recordings were later included on the two Voyager Golden Discs which were sent into deep space in 1977 aboard the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 space probes. Elektra, along with its Nonesuch Records subsidiary, was acquired by Kinney National Services in 1970, soon afterwards, Kinney consolidated their label holdings under the Warner-Elektra-Atlantic umbrella. Holzman remained in charge of Elektra until 1972, when it merged with Asylum Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records, Asylums founder, David Geffen, would head the newly combined label. Holzman, in the meantime, was appointed vice president and chief technologist for Warner — ushering the company into home video. Holzman also went on to acquire Discovery Records, in 1975, Geffen stepped down due to health problems. He would be replaced by Joe Smith, who went on to become CEO of Capitol Records. Although the company was listed as Elektra/Asylum Records on the label credits
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Recording Industry Association of America
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The Recording Industry Association of America is a continental North and South American trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA says create, the RIAA headquarters is in Washington, D. C. The RIAA was formed in 1952 and its original mission was to administer recording copyright fees and problems, work with trade unions, and do research relating to the record industry and government regulations. Early RIAA standards included the RIAA equalization curve, the format of the record groove and the dimensions of 33 1/3 rpm,45 rpm. Since 2001, the RIAA has spent $2 to $6 million each year on lobbying in the United States, the RIAA also participates in the collective rights management of sound recordings, and it is responsible for certifying Gold and Platinum albums and singles in the United States. Cary Sherman has been the RIAAs chairman and CEO since 2011, Sherman joined the RIAA as its general counsel in 1997 and became president of the board of directors in 2001, serving in that position until being made chairman and CEO. Mitch Glazier has been the RIAAs senior executive vice president since 2011 and he served as executive vice president for public policy and industry relations from 2000 to 2011. The past RIAA chairman and CEO is Mitch Bainwol, who served from 2003 to 2011 and he left in 2011 to become president and CEO of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The board of directors consists of 26 members of the board, the RIAA operates an award program for albums that sell a large number of copies. The program originally began in 1958, with a Gold Award for singles, the criterion was changed in 1975 to the number of copies sold, with albums selling 500,000 copies awarded the Gold Award. In 1976, a Platinum Award was added for one million sales, the awards are open to both RIAA members and non-members. Since 2000, the RIAA also operates a program for Latin music sales. Currently, a Disco De Oro is awarded for 30,000 units, the RIAA defines Latin music as a type of release with 51% or more of its content recorded in Spanish. In 2006, digital ringtones were added to branch of certification. In the same year, the RIAA introduced the Latin Digital Award for digital recordings in Spanish and this release format includes DVD and VHS releases, and certain live albums and compilation albums. The certification criteria is different from other styles. Gold,50,000 Platinum,100,000 Multi-Platinum,200,000 copies The RIAA opposes unauthorized sharing of its music, studies conducted since the association began its campaign against peer-to-peer file-sharing have concluded that losses incurred per download range from negligible to moderate. The association has commenced high-profile lawsuits against file sharing service providers and it has also commenced a series of lawsuits against individuals suspected of file sharing, notably college students and parents of file sharing children
17.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
18.
Demo (music)
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A demo is a song or group of songs recorded for limited circulation or reference use rather than for general public release. Demos are typically recorded on relatively crude equipment such as boom box cassette recorders, small four-track or eight-track machines, songwriters and publishers demos are recorded with minimal instrumentation - usually just an acoustic guitar or piano, and the vocalist. Many unsigned bands and artists record demos in order to obtain a recording contract and these demos are usually sent to record labels in hopes that the artist will be signed onto the labels roster and allowed to record a full-length album in a professional recording studio. Many signed bands and artists record demos of new songs before recording an album, Demos may include as few as one or two songs or as many as would be contained on a full-length album. Demo recordings are heard by the public, although some artists do eventually release rough demos in rarities compilation albums or box sets. Other demo versions have been released as bootleg recordings, such as The Beatles The Beatles Bootleg Demos. Several artists have made official releases of demo versions of their songs as albums or companion pieces to albums, such as Florence. The event of a demo tape appearing on eBay has happened in the past, in more underground forms of music, such as noise music, black metal or punk, demos are often distributed by bands to fans as self-releases, or sold at a very low price. Collection of Demo Covers Music From the Demo Scene
19.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
20.
Cliff Burton
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Clifford Lee Cliff Burton was an American musician, best known as the second bass guitarist for the American thrash metal band Metallica from December 1982 until his death in September 1986. Burton joined Metallica in 1982 and performed on the bands first three albums, Kill Em All, Ride the Lightning and Master of Puppets. He also received a writing credit for the song To Live Is to Die from the bands fourth studio album. And Justice for All. On September 27,1986, Burton died in a bus accident in Kronoberg County, Burton was replaced by bassist Jason Newsted the following month. He was also inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Metallica on April 4,2009. He was selected as the ninth greatest bassist of all time in a reader poll organized by Rolling Stone magazine in 2011. Clifford Lee Burton was born in Castro Valley, California, to Ray and he had two elder siblings, Scott and Connie. Burtons interest in music began when his father introduced him to classical music, in his teenage years, Burton had an interest in rock, classical, and eventually heavy metal. He began playing the bass at age 13, after the death of his brother and his parents quoted him as saying, Im going to be the best bassist for my brother. He practiced up to six hours per day, along with classical and jazz, Burtons other early influences varied from southern rock and country to the blues. Burton cited Geddy Lee, Geezer Butler, Stanley Clarke, Lemmy Kilmister, while still a student at Castro Valley High School, Burton formed his first band called EZ-Street. The band took its name from a Bay Area topless bar, other members of EZ Street included future Faith No More guitarist Big Jim Martin as well as Faith No More and Ozzy Osbourne drummer Mike Bordin. Burton and Martin continued their collaboration after becoming students at Chabot College in Hayward. Their second band, Agents of Misfortune, entered the Hayward Area Recreation Departments Battle of the Bands contest in 1981 and their audition was recorded on video and features some of the earliest footage of Burtons trademark playing style. The video also shows Burton playing parts of what would soon be two Metallica songs, his bass solo, - Pulling Teeth, and the chromatic intro to For Whom the Bell Tolls. Burton joined his first major band, Trauma, in 1982, Burton recorded the track Such a Shame with the band on the second Metal massacre compilation. In 1982, Trauma traveled to Los Angeles to perform at the Whisky a Go Go, among those in attendance were James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich, both members of Metallica, which had formed the previous year. Upon hearing, as Hetfield described it, this amazing shredding, when they learned that what they had heard was a bass solo by Burton, they decided to recruit him for their own band
21.
Raven (British band)
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Raven are an English heavy metal band associated with the new wave of British heavy metal movement. They had a hit with the single On and On, Raven was formed in 1975 in Newcastle, England, by brothers John and Mark Gallagher, and Paul Bowden. Raven began creating a sound which was rooted in British hard rock, with progressive tendencies. The bands highly energized live show and interaction between band members developed an image and style of play, described as athletic. They began wearing guards, helmets, and plates from various sports and their music began to develop into a unique amalgam of speed and power - heavily influencing the genres of speed/thrash metal and power metal. The band have a reputation as an energetic live band -. They started by playing local pubs and working mens clubs in the North East of England - occasionally opening shows for bands such as The Stranglers. Eventually, the signed with Neat Records, the legendary. They released their 1st single Dont Need Your Money in 1980 and embarked on a number of UK shows opening for such as Ozzy Osbournes Blizzard of Ozz, Motörhead, Whitesnake. Their first album Rock until You Drop was released to acclaim in 1981, leading the band to tour Italy. Their second album, Wiped Out was released in 1982 and was influential on creating the burgeoning thrash and speed metal genres, making an impressive showing on the UK charts at the time. Sufficient noise was made for the American market to take notice and New Jerseys Megaforce Records signed them, the band came stateside in 1983, and toured extensively on the Kill em All For One tour with young thrashers Metallica as their opening act. The manager and founder of Megaforce Jon Zazula believed that Raven was major-label material, the infamous Live at the Inferno recording, released in 1984, was a product of one of those tours. Atlantic Records signed Raven to a contract after a minor bidding war. The band moved its permanent base from Newcastle to New York City, stay Hard was released in 1985, and proved a minor hit on the strength of single and video On and On. The Atlantic years proved to be less than stellar for the band, a drastic shift in a more commercial direction came at the labels behest, with many die-hard fans being alienated by the slick, lightweight production of The Pack Is Back. However, the band redeemed themselves with a return to form on the Mad EP in 1986, after the tour for Lifes a Bitch, drummer Rob Wacko Hunter left the band in late 1987 to spend more time with his new wife and family. He would later pursue a career in production and engineering, eventually working with jazz musicians Branford Marsalis and Harry Connick
22.
Lars Ulrich
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Lars Ulrich is a Danish musician, songwriter, actor, and record producer. He is best known as the drummer and co-founder of the American heavy metal band Metallica, the son of tennis player Torben Ulrich and grandson of tennis player Einer Ulrich, he also played tennis in his youth and moved to Los Angeles at age 16 to train professionally. However, rather than playing tennis, Ulrich began playing the drums, after publishing an advertisement in The Recycler, Ulrich met James Hetfield and formed Metallica. Ulrich was born into a family in Gentofte, Denmark the son of Lone. His paternal grandfather was professional tennis player Einer Ulrich and his paternal grandmother, Ulla Meyer, was from a Jewish family, as a result, Ulrichs grandfather was persecuted by the Nazis during World War II. Saxophonist Dexter Gordon was Ulrichs godfather, and he is a friend of musician Neneh Cherry. In February 1973, Ulrichs father obtained passes for five of his friends to a Deep Purple concert that was being held in the same Copenhagen stadium as one of his tennis tournaments. When one of the friends could not go, they gave their ticket to the nine-year-old Ulrich, the concert and album had a considerable impact on Ulrich, inspiring the start of his career in rock and roll and later heavy metal. As a result of his newfound interest in music, he received his first drum kit, Ulrich originally intended to play tennis, and he moved to the U. S. in the summer of 1980. In the documentary Anvil, The story of Anvil, Ulrich states that witnessing a Y&T show was his moment in deciding to become a musician. In 1981, he discovered British heavy metal band Diamond Head, Ulrich remains a fan of Diamond Head and would later go on to mix their album The Best of Diamond Head. Upon returning to America, Ulrich placed an advert in a newspaper looking for musicians to start a band with him. James Hetfield replied to the ad, and Metallica was formed, later in 1981, Ulrich met James Hetfield in Downey, California, and they formed the heavy metal band Metallica. He got the name Metallica from a friend, Ron Quintana, who was brainstorming names for a heavy metal fanzine he was creating, and Metallica was one of the options, Ulrich encouraged him to choose Metal Mania, and used the name Metallica for himself. From Master of Puppets and Dyers Eve from. And Justice for All and he has since been considerably influential due to both the popularity of his band, as well as his drum techniques, such as the double bass drum in the song One and Dyers Eve. Since the release of Metallica, Ulrich adopted a focused and simplified style of drumming. Between 1998 and 2002, Ulrich tried running a record label, the company was a joint venture with Metallica accountant Tim Duffy. It failed to catch on and folded in the spring 2002 and his voice can be heard in the opening seconds of Leper Messiah and he also counts to four in his native Danish on the St. Anger music video
23.
James Hetfield
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James Alan Hetfield is an American musician, singer, and songwriter known for being the co-founder, lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, and main songwriter for the American heavy metal band Metallica. Hetfield is mainly known for his intricate rhythm playing, but occasionally lead guitar duties and solos. Hetfield co-founded Metallica in October 1981 after answering an advertisement by drummer Lars Ulrich in the Los Angeles newspaper The Recycler. Metallica has won nine Grammy Awards and released ten studio albums, three live albums, four extended plays and 24 singles. In 2009, Hetfield was ranked at no.8 in Joel McIvers book The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists, and ranked at no.24 by Hit Parader on their list of the 100 Greatest Metal Vocalists of All Time. In Guitar Worlds poll, Hetfield was placed as the 19th greatest guitarist of all time, rolling Stone placed Hetfield as the 87th greatest guitarist of all time. Hetfield was born on August 3,1963 in Downey, California, the son of Cynthia Bassett, an opera singer, and Virgil Lee Hetfield. He is of English, German, Irish, and Scottish descent and he has two older half-brothers from his mothers first marriage and one younger sister. His parents divorced in 1976 when Hetfield was 13 and this upbringing became the inspiration for many of Hetfields lyrics during his career with Metallica, most notably in the song The God That Failed from their eponymous 1991 album, Metallica. Cynthia died of cancer in 1979 when Hetfield was 16 years old, after the death of his mother, Hetfield went to live with his older half-brother David. Virgil died in late 1996, during Metallicas Load tour, Hetfield attended Downey High School for his freshman and sophomore years. Hetfield was nine years old when he first began piano lessons, after which he took on his half-brother Davids drums and finally, at the age of 14 and he was also in a few bands as a teenager – one being Leather Charm and another, Obsession. Hetfield identifies Aerosmith as having been his musical influence as a child. Some of the options considered included adding another player, having John Roads play lead guitar. The finalized line-up of the band became Hetfield, Lars Ulrich, Dave Mustaine, Hetfield referred to their early sound as power metal. The term thrash metal was first used when Kerrang journalist Malcolm Dome described the Anthrax song Metal Thrashing Mad in an issue of Kerrang in February 1984, from 1982 to 1983, Mustaines alcoholism sparked heated altercations between himself and Hetfield. Mustaine also once poured beer onto McGovneys bass nearly causing serious damage, on April 1,1983, the band recruited lead guitarist Kirk Hammett from the band Exodus and 10 days later Hetfield and Ulrich officially removed Mustaine from the band due to his alcoholic tendencies. Mustaine was sent home on a 4-day bus journey, and went on to form the metal band Megadeth
24.
Dave Mustaine
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David Scott Dave Mustaine is an American musician, singer, songwriter, actor and author. David Mustaine was born September 13,1961 in La Mesa, California, to Emily and his father was of French, Canadian and Irish descent and his mother was German. He was brought up as a Jehovahs Witness, the lineup was Mike Leftwych on drums, Bob Evans on bass, Tom Quecke on rhythm guitar, Pat Voeks as the vocalist, with Mustaine as the lead guitarist. Both Mike Leftwych and the man were killed in a car crash after Panics second show. In 1981, Mustaine left Panic to join Metallica as the lead guitarist, Metallicas drummer Lars Ulrich had posted an ad in a local newspaper, The Recycler, looking for a lead guitarist. In his own words, Mustaine remembers his first meeting with James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich, I was in the warming up and I walked out and asked. And they said, No, youve got the job, I couldnt believe how easy it had been and suggested that we get some beer to celebrate. Mustaines membership in Metallica ended before recording Kill Em All in 1983, brian Slagel, owner of Metal Blade Records, recalls in an interview, Dave was an incredibly talented guy but he also had an incredibly large problem with alcohol and drugs. Hed get wasted and become a crazy person, a raging megalomaniac. I mean, they all drank of course, but Dave drank more … much more, I could see they were beginning to get fed up of seeing Dave drunk out of his mind all the time. On one occasion, Mustaine brought his dog to rehearsal, the dog jumped onto the car of Metallica bassist Ron McGovney, Hetfield allegedly yelled at Mustaines dog and kicked it in anger, to which Mustaine responded by physically attacking Hetfield and McGovney and verbally abusing Ulrich. Mustaine was fired following the altercation, but the next day, another incident occurred when Mustaine, who had been drinking, poured a full can of beer down the neck and into the pick-ups of McGovneys bass. McGovney then told Mustaine and Hetfield to leave his house and left the band shortly after, the band packed up Mustaines gear, drove him to the Port Authority Bus Terminal, and put him on a Greyhound bus bound for Los Angeles. It was on this bus ride that Mustaine scribbled some lyrical ideas on the back of a hand bill, which would later become the song Set the World Afire from the 1988 Megadeth album So Far, So Good. During his time in Metallica, Mustaine toured with the band, co-wrote four songs that appeared on Kill Em All, Mustaine has also made unverified claims to have written parts of Leper Messiah from Master of Puppets. He also recorded songs with the band including the No Life Til Leather demo tape. A few of the songs he wrote with Hetfield and Ulrich went on to be re-recorded by Metallica. The most well-known of these is The Four Horsemen from Kill Em All, Fallen Angels was the name of the short-lived band that Mustaine founded after his departure from Metallica
25.
Anaheim, California
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Anaheim is a city in Orange County, California, part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 336,265, making it the most populous city in Orange County, Anaheim remained largely a rural community until Disneyland opened in the city in 1955. This led to the construction of hotels and motels around the area. The city also developed into a center, producing electronics, aircraft parts. Anaheims city limits extend from Cypress in the west to the Riverside County line in the east and encompass a diverse collection of neighborhoods, Anaheim Hills is a master-planned community located in the citys eastern stretches that is home to many of the citys affluent. Downtown Anaheim has three historic districts, the largest of which is the Anaheim Colony. The Anaheim Resort, a district, includes Disneyland, Disney California Adventure. The Platinum Triangle, a redevelopment district surrounding Angel Stadium, is planned to be populated with mixed-use streets. Finally, Anaheim Canyon is a district north of California State Route 91. Anaheims name is a blend of Ana, after the nearby Santa Ana River, and heim, the city of Anaheim was founded in 1857 by 50 German-Americans who were residents of San Francisco and whose families had originated in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Franconia in Bavaria. For $750 a share, the formed the Anaheim Vineyard Company. Their new community was named Annaheim, meaning home by the Santa Anna River in German, the name later was altered to Anaheim. To the Spanish-speaking neighbors, the settlement was known as Campo Alemán, although grape and wine-making was their primary objective, the majority of the 50 settlers were mechanics, carpenters and craftsmen with no experience in wine-making. The community set aside 40 acres for a center and a school was the first building erected there. The first home was built in 1857, the Anaheim Gazette newspaper was established in 1870, for 25 years, the area was the largest wine producer in California. However, in 1884, a disease infected the grape vines, other crops – walnuts, lemons and oranges – soon filled the void. Fruits and vegetables had become viable cash crops when the Los Angeles – Orange County region was connected to the railroad network in 1887. The famous Polish actress Helena Modjeska settled in Anaheim with her husband and various friends, among them Henryk Sienkiewicz, Julian Sypniewski, while living in Anaheim, Helena Modjeska became good friends with Clementine Langenberger, the second wife of August Langenberger
26.
Diamond Head (band)
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Diamond Head are an English heavy metal band formed in 1976 in Stourbridge, England. The band is recognised as one of the members of the new wave of British heavy metal and is acknowledged by thrash metal bands such as Metallica. Two working class teenagers from Stourbridge created the band in 1976, Brian Tatler & Duncan Scott formed the band with a biscuit tin drum kit and borrowed guitar in Brians bedroom. They auditioned several school friends for a singer until finding Sean Harris, the band played their first gig at High Park school hall and sold 151 tickets for a forty-minute set of their own original material. Bassist Colin Kimberley, a friend of Tatlers from primary school, in their early days, the band played very few cover songs and concentrated on their own material. Exceptions were Black Sabbaths Paranoid, Its All For The Love of Rock and Roll by the Tuff Darts, Motorhead by Motörhead and Space Station #5 by Montrose. In one interview, Brian Tatler stated that they wrote some 100 songs before their first studio recorded release, the band recorded self-financed demo tapes in 1979. Recorded within six hours on a four-track, their sound and quality of writing gained enough attention for the band to tour as support to AC/DC. Although several record companies expressed interests in signing the band, no contracts were forthcoming, the band was at the time managed by Reg Fellows and Sean Harris mother, who reportedly turned down an offer from the influential Leiber/Krebs Management. Thus while other new wave of British heavy metal bands were signed to major labels, the management decided that they would release their material through a label owned by Muff Murfin called Happy Face Records. Murfin also owned the studio where Diamond Head did many of their early recordings and their first release was the 1979 single Shoot Out The Lights, their second single Sweet and Innocent was released by Media Records in 1980. That same year the band recorded their debut album on Happy Face. Most commonly known as Lightning to the Nations, the collection was recorded in seven days at The Old Smythy Studio in Worcester, the album was packaged in a plain sleeve with no title or track listings, simply bearing a signature of one of the band members. The management thought that it should be perceived as an album so no fancy sleeve was required. The first 1000 copies were pressed and made available at concerts or via mail-order for £3.50, the only mail-order advertisement appeared in Sounds and ran for six weeks. The bands management did not pay for the advertisement and ended up being sued, the idea for recording this album came from Fellows and Linda Harris as an attempt to record tracks to entice attention from a record company, which would take care of the recording costs. The original stereo master tapes were lost after they were sent to the German record company, Woolfe Records, who released a vinyl version of the album with a new sleeve. The tapes were not returned until they were tracked down by Lars Ulrich
27.
Blitzkrieg (heavy metal band)
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Blitzkrieg are a heavy metal band initially from Leicester formed in 1980. The current line-up is Brian Ross, Ken Johnson, Alan Ross, Huw Holding, Brian Ross is the only remaining member from the bands founding. Blitzkrieg was formed in October 1980 after signing a deal with Neat Records. In the early stages of Blitzkriegs career they regularly produced gigs in England, Brian Ross most notably went on to join Satan, another metal band, along with stints in Avenger, Lone Wolf and Unter den Linden. It was later released in 1985, Blitzkrieg released 10 Years of Blitzkrieg in 1991. The released Unholy Trinity in 1995, the album Ten was released in 1997. The Mists of Avalon was released in 1998, Ross was then involved in a car accident, which temporarily kept Blitzkrieg from playing. After he recovered, the released the albums, Absolute Power, Absolutely Live and Sins. On 10 August 2007, Blitzkrieg released their album Theatre of the Damned through their record label Armageddon Music, Blitzkrieg is the seventh track from Metallicas 1998 album Garage, Inc. second disc. It was written by Ian Jones, Jim Sirotto and Brian Ross, originally released by Blitzkrieg in 1981 as a B-side to the Buried Alive single, Metallica had already released their version on 1984s Creeping Death single. Metallica have played this song live 82 times, the first time was March 14,1982, in Anaheim, CA
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Savage (band)
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Savage is a heavy metal band from Mansfield, England. Line-up issues continued as Andy Bradbury was replaced by Wayne Renshaw and this was the line up that appeared on the compilation albums Scene of the Crime, Metal Fatigue and the double A-side single Aint No Fit Place/The China Run. Lindley left shortly after this as was replaced by Mark Brown of Tyrant, in 1980, they released their first demo tape. In 1981, they managed to release Scene of the Crime and, what would be their most renowned song, the song incorporated a sound bordering on speed and thrash metal, and influenced many bands to follow similar styles. In 1982, Ebony Records picked up the band and their first release under the Ebony label was a track for a compilation titled Metal Fatigue. The release was met with reviews, so Savage decided to release a self-financed double A-side single through the Ebony label. Their debut album, Loose N Lethal was released the following year, although being an impressive unit receiving compliments from magazines, fans, and bands, Savage lacked support, since small label Ebony did not know how to promote them beyond semi-pro levels. In 1984 the band decided to leave Ebony Records and signed to a new label, Zebra Records, at the end of the year they issed their first release for Zebra, the 12 EP We Got the Edge. Finally the band disbanded in 1986, resurfacing in 1995 at the request of fans during the height of Grunge releasing their third album Holy Wars, albums followed in 1998, Babylon, and 2001, Xtreme Machine. A protracted hiatus then followed, fuelled by significant personal and family issues that were impacting all members of the band
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Distortion (music)
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Distortion and overdrive are forms of audio signal processing used to alter the sound of amplified electric musical instruments, usually by increasing their gain. Distortion is most commonly used with the guitar, but may also be used with other electric instruments. Guitarists playing electric blues originally obtained an overdriven sound by turning up their vacuum tube-powered guitar amplifiers to high volumes, the terms distortion and overdrive are often used interchangeably, where a distinction is made, distortion is used to denote a more extreme version of the effect than overdrive. Fuzz is a used to describe a particular form of distortion originally created by guitarists using faulty equipment. Distortion, overdrive, and fuzz can be produced by effects pedals, rackmounts, pre-amplifiers, power amplifiers, speakers and by digital amplifier modeling devices and these effects are used with electric guitars, electric basses, electronic keyboards, and more rarely as a special effect with vocals. The first guitar amplifiers were relatively low-fidelity, and would often produce distortion when their volume was increased beyond their design limit or if they sustained minor damage. Around 1945, Western-swing guitarist Junior Barnard began experimenting with a rudimentary humbucker pick-up, in early rock music, Goree Carters Rock Awhile featured an over-driven electric guitar style similar to that of Chuck Berry several years later, as well as Joe Hill Louis Boogie in the Park. In the early 1950s, pioneering rock guitarist Willie Johnson of Howlin Wolf′s band began deliberately increasing gain beyond its intended levels to produce distorted sounds. Guitar Slim also experimented with distorted overtones, which can be heard in his hit electric blues song The Things That I Used to Do, Chuck Berrys 1955 classic Maybellene features a guitar solo with warm overtones created by his small valve amplifier. Rock guitarists began intentionally doctoring amplifiers and speakers in order to emulate this form of distortion, according to other sources Burlisons amp had a partially broken loudspeaker cone. In the late 1950s, Guitarist Link Wray began intentionally manipulating his amplifiers vacuum tubes to create a noisy and dirty sound for his solos after a similarly accidental discovery. Wray also poked holes in his speaker cones with pencils to further distort his tone, used electronic echo chambers, the recent powerful and fat Gibson humbucker pickups, the resultant sound can be heard on his highly influential 1958 instrumental, Rumble and Rawhide. In 1961, Grady Martin scored a hit with a fuzzy tone caused by a faulty preamplifier that distorted his guitar playing on the Marty Robbins song Dont Worry, later that year Martin recorded an instrumental tune under his own name, using the same faulty preamp. The song, on the Decca label, was called The Fuzz, Martin is generally credited as the discoverer of the fuzz effect. Rhodes offered The Ventures a fuzzbox he had made, which used to record 2000 Pound Bee in 1962. The best-known early commercial distortion circuit was the Maestro FZ-1 Fuzz-Tone, manufactured by Gibson, in May 1965 Keith Richards used a Gibson Maestro FZ-1 Fuzz-Tone to record Satisfaction. The songs success boosted sales of the device, and all available stock sold out by the end of 1965. In music the different forms of linear distortion have specific names describing them, in the context of music, the most common source of distortion is clipping in amplifier circuits and is most commonly known as overdrive
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Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
31.
Whisky a Go Go
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Whisky a Go Go is a nightclub in West Hollywood, California. It is at 8901 Sunset Boulevard on the Sunset Strip. The club has been the launching pad for bands including System of a Down, The Doors, The Byrds, Buffalo Springfield, Steppenwolf, Van Halen, Johnny Rivers, Guns N Roses, Linkin Park and Mötley Crüe. In 2006, the venue was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in 1958, the first Whisky a Go-Go in North America opened in Chicago, Illinois, on the corner of Rush and Chestnut streets. It has been called the first real American discothèque, a franchise was opened in 1966 on M Street in the Georgetown section of Washington, D. C. by restaurateur Jacques Vivien. It owes its name to the first discothèque, the Whisky à Go-Go, the Sunset Strip Whisky was founded by Elmer Valentine, Phil Tanzini, Shelly Davis, and attorney Theodore Flier and opened on January 16,1964. In 1972, Valentine, Lou Adler, Mario Maglieri and others started the Rainbow Bar & Grill on the Sunset Strip, in 1966, Valentine, Adler and others founded The Roxy Theatre. Lou Adler bought into the Whisky in the late 1970s, Valentine sold his interest in the Whisky a Go Go in the 1990s but retained an ownership in the Rainbow Bar & Grill and the Roxy Theatre until his death in December 2008. The Whisky a Go Go was one of the places that popularized go-go dancing, Elmer Valentine, in a 2006 Vanity Fair article, recalled arranging to have a female DJ play records between Rivers sets so patrons could continue dancing. But because there was not enough room on the floor for a DJ booth, Valentine quickly hired two more female dancers, one of whom, Joanna Labean, designed the official go-go-girl costume of fringed dress and white boots. Rivers rode the Whisky-born go-go craze to national fame with records recorded partly Live at the Whisky, in addition, The Miracles recorded the song Going to a Go-Go in 1966, and Whisky a Go Go franchises sprang up all over the country. The Whisky played an important role in many musical careers, especially for bands based in Southern California. The Byrds, Buffalo Springfield, Smokestack Lightnin, and Love were regulars, Van Morrisons band Them had a two-week residency in June 1966, with The Doors as the opening act. On the last night they all jammed together on Gloria, frank Zappas The Mothers of Invention got their record contract based on a performance at the Whisky. Neil Diamond also played at the Whisky on occasion, metallica bassist Cliff Burton was recruited by the band after they watched him play a show there. At one point singer and actress E. G, daily had a residency at the Whisky. Arthur Lee of Love immortalized the Whisky in the song Maybe the People Would Be the Times or Between Clark, here they always play my songs, he would sing on the side two opener of Forever Changes. The Whisky was located on the strip between the streets Clark and Hilldale, in 1966, the Whisky was one of the centers of what fans call the Sunset Strip police riots
32.
Saxon (band)
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Saxon are an English heavy metal band formed in 1977, in South Yorkshire. As one of the leaders of the new wave of British heavy metal, they had eight UK Top 40 albums in the 1980s including four UK Top 10 albums and two Top 5 albums. The band also had numerous singles in the UK Singles Chart and chart success all over Europe and Japan, during the 1980s Saxon established themselves as one of Europes biggest metal acts. The band tours regularly and have more than 15 million albums worldwide. They are considered one of the metal acts and have influenced many bands such as Metallica, Mötley Crüe, Pantera. The band changed their name to Saxon shortly afterwards and they started out by gaining support slots on tour with more established bands such as Motörhead. In 1979, the band signed to the UK record label Carrere run by Freddy Cannon, in 1980, the bands follow-up album Wheels of Steel, was released and charted at #5 in the UK. It spawned two hit singles, the track, and the crowd favourite 747. The album quickly provided the band with success and they began a series of long-lasting tours across the UK, on 16 August 1980 Saxon appeared at the first Monsters of Rock Festival where they received a very positive reception from the crowd. The bands set was recorded but was not officially released until 2000, on April 1980, Saxon made the first of many appearances on Top of the Pops, where they performed the hit single Wheels of Steel. Strong Arm of the Law was released later in the year and it is considered by many fans to be their best album, and it helped to keep the bands popularity increasing. Two singles were released from album, the title track and Dallas 1PM. Sold out tours of Europe and the UK followed as the album charted in several European countries, the band had also gained great success in Japan where the single Motorcycle Man had stayed in the charts for almost 6 months. By 1981, the band had toured most of the world, but recording finally started at several European locations, and at the end of 1981 the band released their fourth album Denim And Leather which the band dedicated to their fan base. The album is popular today and the title track Denim And Leather is regarded as a metal anthem. The album also featured many fan favourites such as Princess of the Night, Never Surrender. Denim And Leather followed its predecessors success and went Gold in several European countries including the UK, by this time the band was seen as the leaders of the NWOBHM movement with future greats Iron Maiden and Def Leppard following close behind. Just as the band was about to embark on a tour to follow the success of Denim And Leather, drummer Pete Gill left the band after injuring his hand
33.
Serif
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In typography, a serif /ˈsɛərəf/ is a small line attached to the end of a stroke in a letter or symbol. A typeface with serifs is called a serif typeface, a typeface without serifs is called sans-serif or sans serif, from the French sans, meaning without. Some typography sources refer to sans-serif typefaces as Grotesque or Gothic, serifs originated in the Latin alphabet with inscriptional lettering—words carved into stone in Roman antiquity. Another theory is that serifs were devised to neaten the ends of lines as they were chiseled into stone, the origin of the word serif is obscure, but apparently is almost as recent as the type style. The standard also proposed that surripsis may be a Greek word derived from συν, the printer Thomas Curson Hansard referred to them as ceriphs in 1825. The oldest citations in the Oxford English Dictionary are 1830 for serif and 1841 for sans serif, the OED speculates that serif was a back-formation from sanserif. Websters Third New International Dictionary traces serif to the Dutch noun schreef, meaning line, stroke of the pen, related to the verb schrappen, to delete, schreef now also means serif in Dutch. The OEDs earliest citation for grotesque in this sense is 1875 and it would seem to mean out of the ordinary in this usage, as in art grotesque usually means elaborately decorated. Other synonyms include Doric and Gothic, commonly used for Japanese Gothic typefaces, serifed fonts are widely used for body text because they are considered easier to read than sans-serif fonts in print. However, scientific study on this topic has been inconclusive, colin Wheildon, who conducted scientific studies from 1982 to 1990, found that sans serif fonts created various difficulties for readers that impaired their comprehension. According to Kathleen Tinkel, studies suggest that most sans serif typefaces may be less legible than most serif faces. The difference can be offset by careful setting, other studies have found no significant difference in readability for serif or sans serif. Serifed fonts are overwhelmingly preferred for lengthy text printed in books, newspapers, for such purposes sans-serif fonts are more acceptable in Europe than in North America, but still less common than serifed typefaces. Sans-serif are considered to be legible on computer screens, according to Alex Poole, we should accept that most reasonably designed typefaces in mainstream use will be equally legible. A study suggested that serif fonts are more legible on a screen but are not generally preferred to sans serif fonts, another study indicated that comprehension times for individual words are slightly faster when written in a sans serif font versus a serif font. Most web pages employ sans-serif type, hinting information, spatial anti-aliasing, and subpixel rendering technologies have partially mitigated the perception of serif fonts on screen. Due to the constraint of screen resolution the serifs in some fonts can be difficult to discern on screen. Some serif fonts, such as Georgia, are designed for web readability, employing higher x-heights in the letters
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