1.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
2.
Illinois
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Illinois is a state in the midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1818. It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, the word Illinois comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word. For decades, OHare International Airport has been ranked as one of the worlds busiest airports, Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics. With the War of 1812 Illinois growth slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier, mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration—by the 1810s, the Eastern U. S. Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s, and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois, as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets. Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other states from the tyranny of water transport. By 1900, the growth of jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants. Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars, the Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago, who created the citys famous jazz and blues cultures. Three U. S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, additionally, Ronald Reagan, whose political career was based in California, was the only U. S. president born and raised in Illinois. Today, Illinois honors Lincoln with its official slogan, Land of Lincoln. The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the capital of Springfield. Illinois is the spelling for the early French Catholic missionaries and explorers name for the Illinois Native Americans. American scholars previously thought the name Illinois meant man or men in the Miami-Illinois language and this etymology is not supported by the Illinois language, as the word for man is ireniwa and plural men is ireniwaki. The name Illiniwek has also said to mean tribe of superior men. The name Illinois derives from the Miami-Illinois verb irenwe·wa he speaks the regular way and this was taken into the Ojibwe language, perhaps in the Ottawa dialect, and modified into ilinwe·. The French borrowed these forms, changing the ending to spell it as -ois. The current spelling form, Illinois, began to appear in the early 1670s, the Illinois name for themselves, as attested in all three of the French missionary-period dictionaries of Illinois, was Inoka, of unknown meaning and unrelated to the other terms. American Indians of successive cultures lived along the waterways of the Illinois area for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans, the Koster Site has been excavated and demonstrates 7,000 years of continuous habitation
3.
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
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The School of the Art Institute of Chicago is one of Americas largest accredited independent schools of art and design. It is located in the Loop in Chicago, Illinois, the school is associated with the museum of the same name, and The Art Institute of Chicago or Chicago Art Institute often refers to either entity. Providing degrees at the undergraduate and graduate levels, SAIC has been recognized by U. S, additionally it is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board. Its downtown Chicago campus consists of seven buildings located in the vicinity of the AIC building. SAIC is in an partnership with the AIC and share many administrative resources such as design, construction. The campus, located in the Loop, comprises three buildings, the Michigan, the Sharp, and the Columbus. SAIC also owns additional buildings throughout Chicago that are used as student galleries or investments, the institute has its roots in the 1866 founding of the Chicago Academy of Design, which local artists established in rented rooms on Clark Street. It was financed by member dues and patron donations, four years later, the school moved into its own Adams Street building, which was destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Because of the financial and managerial problems after this loss, business leaders in 1878 formed a board of trustees. They expanded its mission beyond education and exhibitions to include collecting, in 1882, the academy was renamed the Art Institute of Chicago. The banker Charles L. Hutchinson served as its president until his death in 1924. Chancellor Walter E. Massey served as president from 2010–July 2016, the current president is Elissa Tenny, formerly the schools provost. SAIC also serves as a resource for issues related to the position, the primary mission of the program is to educate and foster a greater understanding and appreciation of contemporary art through discourse. VAP maintains a commitment to ethnic and gender diversity, it has been at the forefront of the movement toward a more socially engaged. Additionally, the Distinguished Alumni Series brings alumni back to the community to present their work, recent alumni speakers include Tania Bruguera, Jenni Sorkin, Kori Newkirk, Maria Martinez-Cañas, Saya Woolfalk, Jun Nguyen-Hatsushiba, and Sanford Biggers to name a few. Sullivan Galleries- Located to the 7th floor of the Sullivan Center at 33 S, with shows and projects often led by faculty or student curators, it is a teaching gallery that engages the exhibition process as a pedagogical model and mode of research. Student Union Galleries - Founded in 1994, The Student Union Galleries is SAICs fully student-run gallery system, paid student directors maintain the galleries with assistance from a faculty adviser. A volunteer student committee assists in maintenance and the selection of exhibitions and they have two locations, The LeRoy Neiman Gallery of the 37 South Wabash Avenue building, and Gallery X of the 280 South Columbus Drive building
4.
Richard Johnson (actor)
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Richard Keith Johnson was a British actor, writer and producer, who starred in several British films of the 1960s and also had TV roles and a distinguished stage career. Johnson was born in Upminster, Essex, the son of Frances Louisa Olive, Johnson went to Felsted School, then trained at RADA and made his first professional appearances on stage in Manchester with John Gielguds company in a production of Hamlet in 1944. He served in the Royal Navy from 1945 to 1948, and made his debut in 1959. He was subsequently contracted by MGM to appear in one film per year over six years and his biggest successes as a film actor came with The Haunting also featuring Claire Bloom and Julie Harris, Khartoum with Charlton Heston and Laurence Olivier, and the spy film Danger Route. Johnson was director Terence Youngs preferred choice for the role of James Bond in the first film in the series, a few years later, Bulldog Drummond was reimagined as a 007-type hero in Deadlier Than the Male and its sequel Some Girls Do. He also appeared in several Italian films, including Lucio Fulcis cult classic, Zombi 2, at the same time, he was a stage actor, appearing in the title role in Tony Richardsons production of Pericles, Prince of Tyre in 1958. His stage career was extensive and distinguished and his early work in the London theatre attracted the attention of the director of the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre. He appeared in many important productions at that theatre in the late 1950s and early 1960s, making notable successes as Romeo, Orlando in As You Like It, Pericles and Mark Antony in Julius Caesar. In 1958 he appeared in Peter Halls first production at the theatre, Cymbeline, and he continued to act with the RSC from time to time, including as Antony in Antony and Cleopatra, which he played on two occasions. He played the role in ITVs production in 1974 and he continued to appear on film and television in the first decade of the 21st century. His films during this period included Lara Croft, Tomb Raider and he also appeared in several TV films, in 2005 he appeared as Stanley Baldwin in Wallis & Edward, in 2007 as Earl Mountbatten in Whatever Love Means, and in 2009 in Lewis. He contributed to British episodic TV, including Spooks, Waking the Dead, twice in Midsomer Murders, from 2007, he led the cast of the BBCs radio comedy series Bleak Expectations which ran until 2012. Throughout his career Johnson continued to teach young actors and students and he toured American universities and taught summer schools at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. He was appointed to the Council of RADA in 2000, and served as a Council Member of the British Academy of Film, Johnson wrote the original story for the 1975 thriller, Hennessy. Johnson founded the British production company United British Artists in 1981, and served as the companys CEO until 1990, during his tenure at UBA he produced the films Turtle Diary, and The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne. In London, he produced Pinters Old Times, a revival of Serjeant Musgraves Dance, and for theatre and television, Johnson wrote travel articles regularly for the London mass-circulation newspaper The Mail on Sunday. He kept a blog and teaching website called The Shakespeare Masterclass, by his first marriage, to Sheila Sweet, Johnson had two children, tabletop games designer Jervis Johnson and actress Sorel Johnson. His second wife was American actress Kim Novak, with whom he appeared in the film The Amorous Adventures of Moll Flanders and he also had another daughter, Jennifer Johnson, by his third wife, Marie-Louise Norlund, and a fourth child, Nicholas Johnson, by Françoise Pascal
5.
Columbia Pictures
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The studio was founded in 1918 as Cohn-Brandt-Cohn Film Sales by brothers Jack and Harry Cohn and Jacks best friend Joe Brandt, released its first feature film in August 1922. It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924, and went public two years later and its name is derived from Columbia, a national personification of the United States, which is used as the studios logo. In its early years, it was a player in Hollywood. With Capra and others, Columbia became one of the homes of the screwball comedy. In the 1930s, Columbias major contract stars were Jean Arthur, in the 1940s, Rita Hayworth became the studios premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s. Rosalind Russell, Glenn Ford, and William Holden also became major stars at the studio, in 1982, the studio was purchased by The Coca-Cola Company, and launched TriStar Pictures as a joint venture with HBO and CBS. Five years later, Coca-Cola spun off Columbia, which was sold to Tri-Star, after a brief period of independence with Coca-Cola maintaining a financial interest, the combined studio was acquired by Sony in 1989. It is one of the film studios in the world. It was one of the so-called Little Three among the eight major film studios of Hollywoods Golden Age, Brandt was president of CBC Film Sales, handling sales, marketing and distribution from New York along with Jack Cohn, while Harry Cohn ran production in Hollywood. The studios early productions were short subjects, Screen Snapshots, the Hall Room Boys. The start-up CBC leased space in a Poverty Row studio on Hollywoods famously low-rent Gower Street, among Hollywoods elite, the studios small-time reputation led some to joke that CBC stood for Corned Beef and Cabbage. Brandt eventually tired of dealing with the Cohn brothers, and sold his stake to Harry Cohn. In an effort to improve its image, the Cohn brothers renamed the company Columbia Pictures Corporation on January 10,1924, Cohn remained head of production as well, thus concentrating enormous power in his hands. He would run Columbia for the next 34 years, the second-longest tenure of any studio chief, even in an industry rife with nepotism, Columbia was particularly notorious for having a number of Harry and Jacks relatives in high positions. Humorist Robert Benchley called it the Pine Tree Studio, because it has so many Cohns, Columbias product line consisted mostly of moderately budgeted features and short subjects including comedies, sports films, various serials, and cartoons. Columbia gradually moved into the production of higher-budget fare, eventually joining the tier of Hollywood studios along with United Artists. Like United Artists and Universal, Columbia was an integrated company. It controlled production and distribution, it did not own any theaters, helping Columbias climb was the arrival of an ambitious director, Frank Capra
6.
Picnic (1955 film)
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Picnic is a 1955 American Technicolor romantic comedy-drama film filmed in Cinemascope. It was adapted for the screen by Daniel Taradash from William Inges 1953 Pulitzer Prize-winning play of the same name, Picnic was nominated for six Academy Awards and won two. The film dramatizes 24 hours in the life of a small Kansas town in the mid-20th century and it revolves around the Labor Day holiday. It is the story of an outsider whose appearance disrupts and rearranges the lives of those with whom he comes into contact, Hal Carter is a former college football star, adrift and unemployed after army service and a failed acting career in Hollywood. On Labor Day, he arrives by train in a Kansas town to visit his fraternity friend Alan Benson. Working for his breakfast by doing chores in the backyard of kindly Mrs. Potts, Hal meets Madge Owens, her sister Millie, Hal tries to be accepted and gets along with most. Alan is very happy to see the same old Hal, whom he takes to his familys sprawling grain elevator operations, Alan promises Hal a steady job as a wheat scooper and invites Hal to swim and to attend the towns Labor Day picnic. Hal is wary about going to the picnic, but Alan nudges him into it, saying Hals date will be Millie, Alan reassures Mrs. Owens that although Hal flunked out of college, there are no reasons to be concerned about him. The afternoon carries on happily, until Hal starts talking about himself too much and its obvious that Hal and Madge like each other. When the sun sets, everyone wanders off, Millie draws a sketch of Hal and tells him she secretly writes poetry, growing fond of him despite his lack of interest. Madge is named the towns annual Queen of Neewollah, and Hal longingly gazes at her while she is brought down the river in a swan-shaped paddle-boat and they shyly say Hi to each other as she glides by. Middle-aged schoolteacher Rosemary, who rents a room at the Owens house, has brought to the picnic by store owner Howard Bevens. When the band plays music, Howard says he cant dance. Hal and Howard then start dancing together, which angers Rosemary, she grabs Howard, Hal tries to show Millie a dance he learned in LA to the song, Moonglow, but Millie cannot quite get the beat. Madge stumbles upon them, seductively transforming the moves Hal is showing Millie, Millie, having been cast aside and ignored by both Rosemary and Hal, sulks off and starts drinking Howards whiskey. Rosemary, now drunk, jealously breaks up the dance between Madge and Hal. Rosemary flings herself at Hal, saying he reminds her of a Roman gladiator, when Hal tries to ward off the schoolteacher, she rips his shirt, then bitterly calls him a bum. Mrs. Owens and Alan arrive and believe Hal has caused a scandal, made all the worse when Millie breaks down, screaming, and becomes ill from the whiskey
7.
The Man with the Golden Arm
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The film stars Frank Sinatra, Eleanor Parker, Kim Novak, Arnold Stang and Darren McGavin. It was adapted for the screen by Walter Newman, Lewis Meltzer and Ben Hecht, the films initial release sparked controversy due to its serious, in-depth treatment of the then-taboo subject of drug addiction. Sinatra was also nominated for best actor awards by the BAFTAs, Frankie Machine is released from prison with a set of drums and a new outlook on life, and returns to his run-down neighborhood on the North Side of Chicago. A drug addict, Frankie became clean in prison, on the outside, he greets friends and acquaintances. Frankie returns home to his wife Zosh, who is supposedly wheelchair-bound after a car crash years earlier that was caused by Frankie driving drunk. Zosh is secretly fully recovered, but pretends to be unable to walk in order to keep making Frankie feel guilty so he will stay with her. Frankie comments on the whistle she wears around her neck, a device she used in Frankies absence to summon a neighbor, Vi, with Frankie home, Zosh smothers her husband in their small tenement apartment and hinders his attempt to make something of himself. He thinks he has what it takes to play drums for a big band, while calling to make an appointment, he bumps into an old flame, Molly who works in a local strip joint as a hostess and lives in the apartment below Frankies. Unlike Zosh, Molly encourages his dream of becoming a drummer, Frankie soon gets himself a tryout and asks Sparrow to get him a new suit, but the suit is a stolen one and he ends up back in a cell at a local Chicago Police Precinct. Schwiefka offers to pay the bail, Frankie refuses, but soon changes his mind when the sight of a drug addict on the edge becomes too much for him. Now, to repay the debt, he must deal cards for Schwiefka again, Louie is trying to hook him on drugs again, and with no job and Zosh to please, pressure is building from all directions. Soon Frankie succumbs and is back on drugs and dealing marathon, all-night, Molly sees he is using drugs again and runs away from him. He gets a tryout as a drummer, but spends 24 hours straight dealing a poker game, desperately needing a fix, Frankie follows Louie home, attacks him, and ransacks his house, but cant find his drug stash. At the audition, with withdrawal coming on, Frankie cant keep the beat, when Louie goes to see Zosh to try to find Frankie, Louie discovers that Zosh has been faking her paralysis and can walk. Zosh, scared of being out, pushes Louie over the railing of the stairwell to his death. Initially not realizing he is a suspect in Louies death, Frankie goes to Molly hoping to get money for a fix. After learning that Captain Bednar and the police are looking for him, Frankie agrees and is locked in Mollys apartment where he goes through a grueling withdrawal to clear the drugs from his body. Finally clean again, he tells Zosh he is going to leave her, start anew, in her desperation to keep Frankie from leaving her, Zosh once again gives herself away, standing up in front of Frankie and the police
8.
Pal Joey (film)
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Pal Joey is a 1957 American Technicolor musical film, loosely adapted from the musical play of the same name, and starring Rita Hayworth, Frank Sinatra, and Kim Novak. Jo Ann Greer sang for Hayworth, as she had previously in Affair in Trinidad. Kim Novaks singing voice was dubbed by Trudy Erwin, george Sidney directed, with the choreography managed by Hermes Pan. Nelson Riddle handled the arrangements for the Rodgers and Hart standards The Lady is a Tramp, I Didnt Know What Time It Was, I Could Write a Book. Sinatra won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his role as the wise-cracking, along with its strong box office success, Pal Joey also earned four Academy Award nominations and one Golden Globe nomination. Pal Joey is one of Sinatras few post-From Here to Eternity movies in which he did not receive top billing, Sinatra was, by that time, a bigger star, and his title role was predominant. When asked about the billing, Sinatra replied, Ladies first, as Columbia’s biggest star, Hayworth had been top billed in every film since Cover Girl in 1944, but her tenure was soon to end, in 1959 with Gary Cooper in They Came to Cordura. The setting is San Francisco, Joey Evans is a singer, a heel known for his womanizing ways. When Joey meets Linda English, a chorus girl, he has stirrings of real feelings. Soon Joey is involved with Vera, each using the other for his/her own somewhat selfish purposes, but Joeys feelings for Linda are growing. Ultimately, Vera jealously demands that Joey fire Linda, when Joey refuses, Vera closes down Chez Joey. Linda visits Vera and agrees to quit in an attempt to keep the club open, Vera then agrees to open the club, and even offers to marry Joey, but Joey rejects Vera. As Joey is leaving for Sacramento, Linda runs after him, after half-hearted refusals, Joey gives in and they walk away together, united. The transformation of Joey into a nice guy departed from the stage musical, the film varies from the stage musical in several other key points, the setting was changed from Chicago to San Francisco, and the stage Joey was a dancer. The plot of the film drops a blackmail attempt and two roles prominent on stage were changed, Melba was cut and Gladys became a minor character. Linda became a chorus girl instead of an innocent stenographer. Also in the film, Vera Prentice-Simpson is a widow and former stripper. Of the original 14 Rodgers and Hart songs, eight remained, the Lady Is a Tramp is a mono-only outtake from Sinatras 1957 album A Swingin Affair
9.
Alfred Hitchcock
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Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock KBE was an English film director and producer, at times referred to as The Master of Suspense. He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres and he had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as Englands best director. Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939, and became a US citizen in 1955 and he also fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style. Hitchcocks stylistic trademarks include the use of movement that mimics a persons gaze. In addition, he framed shots to maximise anxiety, fear, or empathy and his work often features fugitives on the run alongside icy blonde female characters. Prior to 1980, there had long been talk of Hitchcock being knighted for his contribution to film, Hitchcock later received his knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in the 1980 New Year Honours. Hitchcock directed more than fifty films in a career spanning six decades and is often regarded as one of the most influential directors in cinematic history. His flair was for narrative, cruelly withholding crucial information and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else, Hitchcocks first thriller, The Lodger, A Story of the London Fog, helped shape the thriller genre in film. His 1929 film, Blackmail, is cited as the first British sound feature film, while Rear Window, Vertigo, North by Northwest. Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was born on 13 August 1899 in Leytonstone and he was the second son and the youngest of three children of William Hitchcock, a greengrocer and poulterer, and Emma Jane Hitchcock. He was named after his fathers brother, Hitchcock was raised as a Roman Catholic, and sent to Salesian College, Battersea, and the Jesuit grammar school St Ignatius College in Stamford Hill, London. His parents were both of half-English and half-Irish ancestry and he often described a lonely and sheltered childhood that was worsened by his obesity. Around age five, Hitchcock recalled that to him for behaving badly. This incident implanted a lifelong fear of policemen in Hitchcock, and such harsh treatment, sources vary on Hitchcocks performance in school. Gene Adair reports that by most accounts, Alfred was only an average, or slightly above-average, however, McGilligan writes that Hitchcock certainly excelled academically. When Hitchcock was 15, his father died, in that same year, he left St. Ignatius to study at the London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation in Poplar, London. After leaving, he became a draftsman and advertising designer with a company called Henleys. Hitchcock joined a regiment of the Royal Engineers in 1917
10.
Vertigo (film)
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Vertigo is a 1958 American film noir psychological thriller film directed and produced by Alfred Hitchcock. The story was based on the 1954 novel Dentre les morts by Boileau-Narcejac, the screenplay was written by Alec Coppel and Samuel A. Taylor. The film stars James Stewart as former police detective John Scottie Ferguson, Scottie is forced into early retirement because an incident in the line of duty has caused him to develop acrophobia and vertigo. Scottie is hired by an acquaintance, Gavin Elster, as an investigator to follow Gavins wife Madeleine. The film was shot on location in San Francisco, California and it is the first film to use the dolly zoom, an in-camera effect that distorts perspective to create disorientation, to convey Scotties acrophobia. As a result of its use in film, the effect is often referred to as the Vertigo effect. Vertigo received mixed reviews upon release, but is now often cited as a classic Hitchcock film. Attracting significant scholarly criticism, it replaced Citizen Kane as the best film made in the 2012 British Film Institutes Sight & Sound critics poll. In 1996, the film underwent a restoration to create a new 70mm print. It has appeared repeatedly in polls of the best films by the American Film Institute, after a rooftop chase, where his fear of heights and vertigo result in the death of a policeman, San Francisco detective John Scottie Ferguson retires. Scottie tries to conquer his fear, but his friend and ex-fiancée Midge Wood says that another severe emotional shock may be the only cure. An acquaintance from college, Gavin Elster, asks Scottie to follow his wife, Madeleine and he watches her enter the McKittrick Hotel, but on investigation she does not seem to be there. Gavin reveals that Carlotta is Madeleines great-grandmother, although Madeleine has no knowledge of this, Scottie tails Madeleine to Fort Point and, when she leaps into the bay, he rescues her. The next day Scottie follows Madeleine, they meet and spend the day together and they travel to Muir Woods and Cypress Point on 17-Mile Drive, where Madeleine runs down towards the ocean. Scottie grabs her and they embrace, Madeleine recounts a nightmare and Scottie identifies its setting as Mission San Juan Bautista, childhood home of Carlotta. He drives her there and they express their love for each other, Madeleine suddenly runs into the church and up the bell tower. Scottie, halted on the steps by his acrophobia, sees Madeleine plunge to her death, the death is declared a suicide. Gavin does not fault Scottie, but Scottie breaks down, becomes depressed and is in a sanatorium
11.
James Stewart
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James Maitland Stewart, also known as Jimmy Stewart, was an American actor and military officer who is among the most honored and popular stars in film history. A major Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player, Stewart was known for his distinctive drawl and down-to-earth persona, many of the films he starred in have become enduring classics. Stewart was nominated for five Academy Awards, winning one in competition for The Philadelphia Story, in 1999, Stewart was named the third greatest male screen legend of the Golden Age of Hollywood by the American Film Institute, behind Humphrey Bogart and Cary Grant. The American Film Institute has also named five of Stewarts films to its list of the 100 best American films ever made. Stewart was born on May 20,1908, in Indiana, Pennsylvania, the son of Elizabeth Ruth Jackson and Alexander Maitland Stewart, Stewart was mainly of Scottish ancestry and was raised as a Presbyterian. He was descended from veterans of the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the eldest of three children, he was expected to continue his fathers business, which had been in the family for three generations. His mother was an excellent pianist but his father discouraged Stewarts request for lessons, when his father accepted a gift of an accordion from a guest, young Stewart quickly learned to play the instrument, which became a fixture offstage during his acting career. As the family grew, music continued to be an important part of family life, Stewart attended Mercersburg Academy prep school, graduating in 1928. He was active in a variety of activities and he played on the football and track teams, was art editor of the KARUX yearbook, and a member of the choir club, glee club, and John Marshall Literary Society. Over the following two summers, he took a job as an assistant with a professional magician and he made his first appearance onstage at Mercersburg, as Buquet in the play The Wolves. A shy child, Stewart spent much of his time in the basement working on model airplanes, mechanical drawing. However, he abandoned visions of being a pilot when his father insisted that instead of the United States Naval Academy he attend Princeton University, Stewart enrolled at Princeton in 1928 as a member of the class of 1932. His acting and accordion talents at Princeton led him to be invited to the University Players, the company had been organized in 1928 and would run until 1932, with Joshua Logan, Bretaigne Windust and Charles Leatherbee as directors. Stewart performed in bit parts in the Players productions in Cape Cod during the summer of 1932, the troupe had previously included Henry Fonda and Margaret Sullavan. Stewart and Fonda became close friends over the summer of 1932 when they shared an apartment with Joshua Logan, the New Yorker commented, Mr. James Stewarts chauffeur. Comes on for three minutes and walks off to a round of spontaneous applause, the play was a moderate success, but times were hard. Many Broadway theaters had been converted to houses and the Depression was reaching bottom. From 1932 through 1934, Stewart later recalled, Id only worked three months, every play I got into folded
12.
Fred MacMurray
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MacMurray is well known for his role in the 1944 film noir Double Indemnity directed by Billy Wilder, in which he starred with Barbara Stanwyck. MacMurray was born in Kankakee, Illinois, the son of Maleta and Frederick MacMurray and his aunt was vaudeville performer and actress Fay Holderness. When MacMurray was two years old the family moved to Madison, Wisconsin, and later settled in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin and he briefly attended school in Quincy, Illinois. He earned a scholarship to attend Carroll College, in Waukesha. While there, MacMurray participated in local bands, playing the saxophone. He did not graduate from the school, in 1930, MacMurray recorded as a featured vocalist with the Gus Arnheim Orchestra on All I Want Is Just One Girl on the Victor label. And with George Olsen on Im In The Market For You, before signing to Paramount Pictures in 1934, he appeared on Broadway in Threes a Crowd and alongside Sydney Greenstreet and Bob Hope in Roberta. MacMurray worked with directors Billy Wilder and Preston Sturges and actors Barbara Stanwyck, Humphrey Bogart, Marlene Dietrich and, in seven films, Claudette Colbert, despite being typecast as a nice guy, MacMurray often said his best roles were when he was cast against type by Wilder. He is perhaps best known for his role as Walter Neff, sixteen years later, MacMurray played Jeff Sheldrake, a two-timing corporate executive in Wilders Oscar-winning comedy The Apartment, with Shirley MacLaine and Jack Lemmon. In another turn in the not so nice category, MacMurray played the cynical, in 1958, he guest-starred in the premiere episode of NBCs Cimarron City western series, with George Montgomery and John Smith. MacMurrays career continued upward in 1959, when he was cast as the father in the popular Disney Studios comedy, from 1960 to 1972, he starred in My Three Sons, a long running, highly rated US TV series. Concurrent with My Three Sons, MacMurray stayed busy in films, starring as Professor Ned Brainard in Disneys The Absent-Minded Professor and in the sequel, using his star clout, MacMurray had a provision in his Sons contract that all his scenes be shot first. This freed him to pursue his work and golf hobby. Over the years, MacMurray became one of the wealthiest actors in the entertainment business, primarily from wise real estate investments, after the cancellation of My Three Sons in 1972, MacMurray made only a few more film appearances before retiring in 1978. In the 1970s, MacMurray appeared in commercials for the Greyhound Lines bus company, towards the end of the decade, he was also featured in a series of commercials for the Korean chisenbop math calculation program. He married Lillian Lamont on June 20,1936, and the couple adopted two children, Susan and Robert. After Lamont died of cancer on June 22,1953, he married actress June Haver the following year, he and they remained married until his death. In 1941 MacMurray purchased land in the Russian River Valley in Northern California and he spent time there when not making films, engaging in, among other things, the raising of prize-winning Aberdeen Angus cattle
13.
William Holden
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William Holden was an American actor who was one of the biggest box-office draws of the 1950s through the 1970s. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1953 for his role in Stalag 17, and a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor for his role in the 1973 television film The Blue Knight. He was named one of the Top 10 Stars of the Year six times, Holden was born William Franklin Beedle, Jr. in OFallon, Illinois, the son of Mary Blanche, a schoolteacher, and William Franklin Beedle, an industrial chemist. He had two brothers, Robert Westfield Beedle and Richard P. Beedle. His family moved to South Pasadena when he was three, after graduating from South Pasadena High School, Holden attended Pasadena Junior College, where he became involved in local radio plays. A version of how he obtained his stage name Holden is based on a statement by George Ross of Billboard, William Holden, and here is how he obtained his new movie tag. On the Columbia lot is an assistant director and scout named Harold Winston, not long ago he was divorced from the actress, Gloria Holden, but carried the torch after the marital rift. Winston was one of those who discovered the Golden Boy newcomer, Holdens first starring role was in Golden Boy, costarring Barbara Stanwyck, in which he played a violinist-turned-boxer. He was still an actor at the time, while Stanwyck was already a film star. She liked Holden and went out of her way to help him succeed, devoting her time to coaching and encouraging him. When she received her Honorary Oscar at the 1982 Academy Award ceremony, at the end of her acceptance speech, she paid him a personal tribute, I loved him very much, and I miss him. He always wished that I would get an Oscar, and so tonight, my golden boy, you got your wish. Next he starred with George Raft and Humphrey Bogart in the Warner Bros. gangster epic Invisible Stripes later the same year, Holden earned his first Best Actor Oscar nomination with the part. Getting the part was a break for Holden, as the role was initially cast with Montgomery Clift. Swanson later said, Bill Holden was a man I could have fallen in love with and he was perfection on- and off-screen. And Wilder himself commented, Bill was a guy, a totally honorable friend. Every woman was in love with him and he co-starred as Humphrey Bogarts younger brother, a carefree playboy, in Sabrina, played by Audrey Hepburn. It was Holdens third film with director Billy Wilder, Holden and Hepburn became romantically involved during the filming, unbeknown to Wilder, People on the set told me later that Bill and Audrey were having an affair, and everybody knew
14.
Frank Sinatra
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Francis Albert Sinatra was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. He is one of the music artists of all time. Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James. Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943 and he released his debut album, The Voice of Frank Sinatra, in 1946. Sinatras professional career had stalled by the early 1950s, and he turned to Las Vegas and his career was reborn in 1953 with the success of From Here to Eternity, with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. Sinatra released several critically lauded albums, including In the Wee Small Hours, Come Fly with Me, Only the Lonely and Nice n Easy. Sinatra left Capitol in 1960 to start his own label, Reprise Records. It was followed by 1968s collaboration with Duke Ellington, using his Las Vegas shows as a home base, he toured both within the United States and internationally until a short time before his death in 1998. Sinatra forged a successful career as a film actor. After winning an Academy Award for From Here to Eternity, he starred in The Man with the Golden Arm and he appeared in various musicals such as On the Town, Guys and Dolls, High Society, and Pal Joey, winning another Golden Globe for the latter. Toward the end of his career, he associated with playing detectives. Sinatra would later receive the Golden Globe Cecil B, on television, The Frank Sinatra Show began on ABC in 1950, and he continued to make appearances on television throughout the 1950s and 1960s. While Sinatra never formally learned how to read music, he had a natural, intuitive understanding of it, a perfectionist, renowned for his impeccable dress sense and cleanliness, he always insisted on recording live with his band. His bright blue eyes earned him the popular nickname Ol Blue Eyes, Sinatra led a colorful personal life, and was often involved in turbulent affairs with women, such as with his second wife Ava Gardner. He went on to marry Mia Farrow in 1966 and Barbara Marx in 1976, Sinatra had several violent confrontations, usually with journalists he felt had crossed him, or work bosses with whom he had disagreements. He was honored at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1983, was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan in 1985, Sinatra was also the recipient of eleven Grammy Awards, including the Grammy Trustees Award, Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. After his death, American music critic Robert Christgau called him the greatest singer of the 20th century, Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12,1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey. He was the child of Italian immigrants Antonino Martino Marty Sinatra
15.
Tyrone Power
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Tyrone Edmund Power III was an American film, stage and radio actor. From the 1930s to the 1950s Power appeared in dozens of films and his better-known films include The Mark of Zorro, Blood and Sand, The Black Swan, Prince of Foxes, Witness For The Prosecution, The Black Rose, and Captain from Castile. Powers own favorite film among those that he starred in was Nightmare Alley, though largely a matinee idol in the 1930s and early 1940s and known for his striking looks, Power starred in films in a number of genres, from drama to light comedy. In the 1950s he began placing limits on the number of films he would make in order to more time for theater productions. He received his biggest accolades as an actor in John Browns Body. Power died from an attack at the age of 44. Power was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1914, son of Helen Emma Patia, Power was descended from a long theatrical line going back to his great-grandfather, the actor and comedian Tyrone Power. Tyrone Powers sister, Ann Power was born in 1915, after the family moved to California and his fathers ancestry included Irish, English, Scottish, Italian, German, and French Huguenots. His mother was Roman Catholic, and her ancestry included the French-Canadian Reaume family, Power went to Cincinnati-area Catholic schools and graduated from Purcell High School in 1931. Upon his graduation, he opted to join his father to learn what he could about acting from one of the stages most respected actors, Power joined his father for the summer of 1931, after being separated from him for some years due to his parents divorce. His father suffered an attack in December 1931, dying in his sons arms. Tyrone Power, Jr. as he was known, decided to continue his pursuit of an acting career. He went door to door, trying to work as an actor. He appeared in a bit part in 1932 in Tom Brown of Culver, discouraged, he took the advice of a friend, Arthur Caesar, to go to New York to gain experience as a stage actor. Power went to Hollywood in 1936, the director Henry King was impressed with his looks and poise, and he insisted that Power be tested for the lead role in Lloyds of London, a role thought already to belong to Don Ameche. Despite his own reservations, Darryl F. Zanuck decided to give Power the role, once King, Power was billed fourth in the movie but he had by far the most screen time of any actor. He walked into the premiere of the movie an unknown and he walked out a star, which he remained the rest of his career. Power racked up hit after hit from 1936 until 1943, when his career was interrupted by military service. A. F. and This Above All, and the swashbucklers The Mark of Zorro and The Black Swan
16.
Kirk Douglas
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Kirk Douglas is an American actor, producer, director, and author. He is one of the last living people of the film industrys Golden Age, after an impoverished childhood with immigrant parents and six sisters, he had his film debut in The Strange Love of Martha Ivers with Barbara Stanwyck. Douglas soon developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1950s and 1960s, known for dramas, including westerns. During a 64-year acting career, he has appeared in more than 90 movies, other early films include Young Man with a Horn, playing opposite Lauren Bacall and Doris Day, Ace in the Hole opposite Jan Sterling, and Detective Story. He received a second Oscar nomination for his role in The Bad and the Beautiful, opposite Lana Turner. In 1955, he established Bryna Productions, which began producing films as varied as Paths of Glory, in those two films, he starred and collaborated with the then relatively unknown director, Stanley Kubrick. Douglas helped break the Hollywood blacklist by having Dalton Trumbo write Spartacus with an official on-screen credit and he produced and starred in Lonely Are the Brave, considered a cult classic, and Seven Days in May, opposite Burt Lancaster, with whom he made seven films. In 1963, he starred in the Broadway play One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, a story he purchased, which he gave to his son Michael Douglas. As an actor and philanthropist, Douglas has received three Academy Award nominations, an Oscar for Lifetime Achievement, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom, as an author, he has written ten novels and memoirs. Currently, he is No.17 on the American Film Institutes list of the greatest male screen legends of classic Hollywood cinema, after barely surviving a helicopter crash in 1991 and then suffering a stroke in 1996, he has focused on renewing his spiritual and religious life. He lives with his wife, Anne, a producer. He turned 100 on December 9,2016, Douglas was born Issur Danielovitch in Amsterdam, New York, the son of Bryna Bertha and Herschel Harry Danielovitch. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Chavusy, Mogilev Region, in the Russian Empire, and his fathers brother, who emigrated earlier, used the surname Demsky, which Douglass family adopted in the United States. Douglas grew up as Izzy Demsky and legally changed his name to Kirk Douglas before entering the United States Navy during World War II. Even on Eagle Street, in the poorest section of town, where all the families were struggling, and I was the ragmans son. Growing up, Douglas sold snacks to mill workers to earn enough to buy milk, later, he delivered newspapers and during his youth worked at more than forty different jobs before getting a job acting. He found living in a family with six sisters to be stifling, in a sense, it lit a fire under me. In high school, after acting in plays, he knew he wanted to become a professional actor
17.
Laurence Harvey
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Laurence Harvey was a Lithuanian-born South African actor. In a career spanned a quarter of a century, Harvey appeared in stage, film and television productions primarily in the United Kingdom. His performance in Room at the Top resulted in an Academy Award nomination and that success was followed by the role of the ill-fated Texan commander William Barret Travis in The Alamo, produced by John Wayne, and as the brainwashed Raymond Shaw in The Manchurian Candidate. Harveys civil birth name was Laruschka Mischa Skikne and his Hebrew names were Zvi Mosheh. He was born in Joniškis, Lithuania, the youngest of three sons of Ella and Ber Skikne, Lithuanian Jewish parents, Harvey grew up in Johannesburg, and was in his teens when he served with the entertainment unit of the South African Army during the Second World War. After moving to London, he enrolled in the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Harvey made his cinema debut in the British film House of Darkness, but its distributor British Lion thought someone named Larry Skikne was not commercially viable. Accounts vary as to how the actor acquired his name of Laurence Harvey. One version has it that it was the idea of talent agent Gordon Harbord who decided Laurence would be an appropriate first name, in choosing a British-sounding last name, Harbord thought of two British retail institutions, Harvey Nichols and Harrods. Another is that Skikne was travelling on a London bus with Sid James who exclaimed during their journey, Harveys own account differed over time. Associated British Picture Corporation quickly offered him a contract, which Harvey accepted. He appeared in supporting roles in several of their films such as Man on the Run, Landfall. For International Motion Pictures he was in The Man from Yesterday, Harvey stayed in leading roles for two movies with Lewis Gilbert, Scarlet Thread and There Is Another Sun. For Ealing he made I Believe in You, then he starred in a low budget thriller, Harveys career gained a boost when he appeared in Women of Twilight, this was made by Romulus Films run by Jimmy and James Woolf, who signed Harvey to a long-term contract. James Woolf in particular was a big admirer of Harvey and he had an uncredited role in the comedy Innocents in Paris, and in a Hollywood film, Knights of the Round Table. Romulus have him a part in a thriller directed by Gilbert. He was given the male lead in another Hollywood spectacular, King Richard. It was a box office disappointment and that year he also played Romeo in Renato Castellanis adaptation of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, narrated by John Gielgud. He was now established as an emerging British star, according to a contemporary interview, he turned down an offer to appear in Helen of Troy to act at Stratford-upon-Avon
18.
The Mirror Crack'd
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The Mirror Crackd is a 1980 British mystery film based on Agatha Christies Miss Marple novel The Mirror Crackd from Side to Side and directed by Guy Hamilton. It stars Angela Lansbury, Kim Novak, Elizabeth Taylor, Geraldine Chaplin, Tony Curtis, Edward Fox, Rock Hudson and, in his film debut and this crime/mystery was adapted by Jonathan Hales and Barry Sandler. Scenes were filmed at Twickenham Film Studios, Twickenham, London, UK, in 1953 in the English village of St. The two actresses are old rivals, Marina is making a much heralded comeback after a prolonged illness and retirement. She and her husband, Jason Rudd, who is directing the film, when she learns that Lola will be in the film as well, she becomes enraged and vents her anger. Lola then arrives with her her husband, Marty Fenn, who is producing the film, excitement runs high in the village as the locals have been invited to a reception held by the film company in a manor house, Gossington Hall, to meet the celebrities. Lola and Marina come face to face at the reception and exchange some comically potent insults, as they smile and pose for the cameras. At the reception Marina is cornered by a gushing, devoted fan, Heather Babcock, everyone is certain Marina was the intended murder victim. The police detective from Scotland Yard investigating the case, Inspector Dermot Craddock, is baffled and he asks his aunt, who happens to be Jane Marple, who recently injured her foot at the reception and is therefore confined to her home, for help. The suspects are Ella Zielinsky, Jasons assistant who is secretly in love him and would like Marina out of the way. Miss Marple, now back on her feet, visits Gossington Hall, where Marina and Jason are staying, and views where Heathers death occurred. Working from information received from her cleaning woman, Cherry Baker, by that time, however, another death occurs at Gossington Hall, which explains who was the killer, Marina Rudd has apparently committed suicide. Miss Marple explains that Heather Babcocks story was Marinas motive, Heather suffered from German measles, a rather harmless disease to most adults, but dangerous for a pregnant woman. Heather innocently infected Marina when she met her during the Second World War while Marina was pregnant, upon hearing Heather cheerfully tell this story, Marina was overcome with rage and deliberately poisoned her. She then spread the idea that she was the victim, concocting the death threats. Ella, who in fact made phone calls to various suspects from a box, accidentally guessed correctly. As Marina is now dead, she not be brought to justice. Jason confesses to Miss Marple that he had put poison in his wifes hot chocolate to save her from being prosecuted, however, Marina is nonetheless found dead, seeming to have poisoned herself
19.
Falcon Crest
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Falcon Crest is an American prime time television soap opera that aired for nine seasons on CBS from December 4,1981 to May 17,1990. The series revolved around the feuding factions of the wealthy Gioberti/Channing family in the Californian wine industry, Jane Wyman starred as Angela Channing, the tyrannical matriarch of the Falcon Crest Winery, alongside Robert Foxworth as Chase Gioberti, Angelas nephew who returns after the death of his father. The series was set in the fictitious Tuscany Valley northeast of San Francisco, the show was created by Earl Hamner, Jr. who had previously created The Waltons, which had just finished its final season in 1981. Hamner wanted to create a drama involving the wine industry entitled The Vintage Years. An unaired pilot episode was produced, but CBS requested that Hamner make the show more along the lines of Dallas, the script was rewritten and several cast members changed for what became Falcon Crest. The series first aired in December 1981, when CBS scheduled Falcon Crest at 10 pm on Friday nights, the Dallas-Falcon Crest one-two punch proved lucrative for the network and Falcon Crest was a top-20 show in the Nielsen Ratings for several years. Both shows were produced for CBS by the company, Lorimar Productions. At the center of the action is Angela Channing, a corrupt, when her brother Jason Gioberti dies from a fall in the winery, his son Chase Gioberti arrives to claim his inherited portion of Falcon Crest. The rivalry between Angela and Chase — whom Angela sees as an interloper — sets the tone for much of the series, surrounding Angela are her daughters, Julia and Emma, and her lazy playboy grandson, Lance Cumson, who aids her in her battles against Chase. Julia is chief winemaker, though often feels oppressed by her domineering mother, kind-natured Emma does not work in the family business, but is emotionally troubled. Julias son Lance loves money and yearns for power, but lacks Angelas discipline and her ever-tightening grip on him eventually sends him to work for his grandfathers newspaper, The San Francisco Globe. Aiding Angela in her quest for power is her crooked lawyer, Phillip Erikson. Chases wife Maggie is a writer who later works at The New Globe newspaper, their grown son Cole works at the winery with Chase. Scheming Melissa becomes embroiled in a triangle with Lance and Cole. In the second season, a rival for Angela arrives in the form of conniving Richard Channing. Richard crosses them at every turn and makes attempts to wrest control of Falcon Crest. The distinctive location filming in the Napa Valley and the dry, the rivalry between Angela, Chase, and Richard stayed at the core of the show for several years, as more romantic entanglements spun around them. Lance and Cole found themselves not only caught up in their family battles for control of Falcon Crest, like Dallas and Dynasty, Falcon Crest employed memorable end-of-season cliffhangers to boost ratings
20.
Liebestraum (film)
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The story follows two affairs, a generation apart. Nick, a professor of architecture in upstate New York, comes to an Illinois town to be with his mother in the final days of her illness. On the first day, he runs into Paul, a friend, whose construction company is demolishing an old. The building is a beautiful cast-iron construction, so Nick wants to study it before the demolition, Paul introduces Nick to his wife, Jane, a photographer who wants to portray the same building. Boy in Rain Ian Rob Witt, barnett Ralston III Christopher F. Taylor. Automobile Stunt Man When Liebestraum made its VHS debut, it was released in two editions — the R-rated theatrical version and an unrated directors cut. The DVD release, part of MGMs Avant-Garde Cinema series, features only the R-rated version, however, the deleted scene that marks the single difference between the two edits is included as a bonus feature on the disc. Liebestraum at the Internet Movie Database Liebestraum at AllMovie Liebestraum at Rotten Tomatoes
21.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
22.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence
23.
Czechs
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Ethnic Czechs were called Bohemians in English until the early 20th century, referring to the late Iron Age tribe of Celtic Boii and the land Bohemia. The Czech diaspora is found in numbers in the United States, Canada, Israel, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Switzerland, Italy. The Czech ethnic group is part of the West Slavic subgroup of the larger Slavic ethno-linguistical group, the West Slavs have origin in early Slavic tribes which settled in Central Europe after East Germanic tribes had left this area during the migration period. The West Slavic tribe of Bohemians settled in the area of Bohemia during the migration period and they formed an independent principality in the 9th century, the Duchy of Bohemia, under the Přemyslid dynasty. According to mythology, the father of the Czech people were Forefather Čech. The Czech are closely related to the neighbouring Slovaks, the Czech–Slovak languages form a dialect continuum rather than being two clearly distinct languages. Czech cultural influence in Slovak culture is noted as having much higher than the other way around. Czech people have a history of coexistence with Germanic people. The Czech National Revival took place in the 18th and 19th centuries aiming to revive Czech language, culture, the Czech were the initiators of Pan-Slavism. The Czech ethnonym was the name of a Slavic tribe in central Bohemia that subdued the tribes in the late 9th century. The origin of the name of the tribe itself is unknown, according to legend, it comes from their leader Čech, who brought them to Bohemia. Research regards Čech as a derivative of the root čel-, the Czech ethnonym was adopted by the Moravians in the 19th century. The name Bohemia is Germanic, English used that name until after the establishment of Czechoslovakia, the population of the Czech lands has been influenced by different human migrations that wide-crossed Europe over time. In their Y-DNA haplogroups, which are inherited along the male line,34. 2% of Czech males belong to R1a, which is particularly common in a large region extending from South Asia and Southern Siberia to Central Europe and Scandinavia. The population of the Czech Republic descends from diverse peoples of Slavic, Celtic and Germanic origin, presence of West Slavs in the 6th century during the Migration Period has been documented on the Czech territory. Slavs settled in Bohemia, Moravia and Austria sometime during the 6th or 7th centuries, according to a popular myth, the Slavs came with Forefather Čech who settled at the Říp Mountain. The Duchy of Bohemia emerged in the late 9th century, in 880, Prague Castle was constructed by Prince Bořivoj, founder of the Přemyslid dynasty and the city of Prague was established. Vratislav II was the first Czech king in 1085 and the duchy was raised to a kingdom under Ottokar I in 1198
24.
Train dispatcher
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A train dispatcher is employed by a railroad to direct and facilitate the movement of trains over an assigned territory, which is usually part, or all, of a railroad operating division. The dispatcher is also responsible for cost effective movement of trains and other railroad equipment to optimize physical. From that beginning, a system of train dispatching evolved, Train orders supplemented the timetable and the rule book. Experienced train dispatchers learned the idiosyncrasies of the engineers and train conductors. Initially, train dispatchers issued train orders using American Morse code over telegraph wires, the last train order known to have been issued using Morse code was copied at Whitehall, Montana, on May 6,1982, on the Burlington Northern Railroad. Beginning before World War II and accelerating after it, most major railroads installed centralized traffic control systems to train movements. Using CTC, a train dispatcher could align track switches anywhere on the territory so that trains could move into and out of sidings without having to stop, the train dispatcher could also control the trackside signals governing the movement of trains. Two-way radios enabled train dispatchers to communicate directly with train and engine crews and these capabilities eliminated the need for most train orders, but still required the oversight of a train dispatcher. Australia - In Australia they are known as Train Controllers, the exceptions being privately operated Railways such as the ones found in the Pilbara region. The mining giants BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto, Fortesque Metals Group and now Roy Hill all operate their own Railways from Remote Operation Centres, Canada - In Canada the train dispatcher is known as the Rail Traffic Controller. The two biggest employers of Rail Traffic Controller are Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific, New Zealand - In New Zealand a Dispatcher is known as a Train Controller the same as in Australia. NZRail recently centralised all Train Control into a single Control centre located in the National Capital of Wellington on southern end of the North Island, vince Coleman American Train Dispatchers Association List of railway industry occupations Association of American Railroads Standard Book of Rules,1926 edition. Association of American Railroads Consolidated Code of Operating Rules,1967 edition
25.
Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad
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The eastern half of the system merged into the Soo Line Railroad on January 1,1986. The company went through several names and faced bankruptcy several times in that period. The company incorporated in 1847, but changed its name to the Milwaukee and its first line, all of 5 miles, opened between Milwaukee and Wauwatosa, on November 20,1850. Extensions followed to Waukesha in February 1851, Madison, and finally the Mississippi River at Prairie du Chien in 1857. As a result of the panic of 1857, the M&M went into receivership in 1859. In 1867, Alexander Mitchell combined the M&PdC with the Milwaukee and St. Paul under the name Milwaukee, critical to the development and financing of the railroad was the acquisition of significant land grants. Prominent individual investors in the line included Alexander Mitchell, Russell Sage, Jeremiah Milbank, in 1874, the name was changed to Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul. By 1887, the railroad had lines running through Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, South Dakota, the company General Offices were later located in Chicagos Railway Exchange building until 1924, at which time they moved to Chicago Union Station. In the 1890s the Milwaukees directors felt they had to extend the railroad to the Pacific in order to remain competitive with other roads, a survey in 1901 estimated costs to build to the Pacific Northwest as $45 million. In 1905 the board approved the Pacific Extension, now estimated at $60 million, the contract for the western part of the route was awarded to Horace Chapin Henry of Seattle. Construction began in 1906 and was completed in 1909, the two main mountain ranges that had to be crossed required major civil engineering works and additional locomotive power. The completion of 2,300 miles of railroad through some of the most varied topography in the nation in three years was a major feat. Some historians question the choice of route, since it bypassed some population centers, much of the line paralleled the Northern Pacific Railway. It was primarily a long-haul route, Trains magazine called the building of the extension egregious and a disaster. George H. Drury listed the Pacific Extension as one of several decisions made by the Milwaukees management which contributed to the companys eventual failure. Operating conditions in the regions of the Pacific Extension proved difficult. In winter, temperatures dropped to −40 °F, making it challenging for steam locomotives to generate sufficient steam, the line snaked through mountainous areas, resulting in long steep grades and sharp curves. Electrification provided an answer, especially with abundant hydroelectric power in the mountains, between 1914–1916, the Milwaukee implemented a 3,000 volt direct current overhead system between Harlowton, Montana and Avery, Idaho, a distance of 438 miles
26.
Great Depression
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The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place during the 1930s. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, in most countries it started in 1929 and it was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the economy can decline. The depression originated in the United States, after a fall in stock prices that began around September 4,1929. Between 1929 and 1932, worldwide GDP fell by an estimated 15%, by comparison, worldwide GDP fell by less than 1% from 2008 to 2009 during the Great Recession. Some economies started to recover by the mid-1930s, however, in many countries, the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until the beginning of World War II. The Great Depression had devastating effects in both rich and poor. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%, unemployment in the U. S. rose to 25% and in some countries rose as high as 33%. Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially dependent on heavy industry. Construction was virtually halted in many countries, farming communities and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by about 60%. Facing plummeting demand with few sources of jobs, areas dependent on primary sector industries such as mining and logging suffered the most. Even after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 optimism persisted for some time, john D. Rockefeller said These are days when many are discouraged. In the 93 years of my life, depressions have come, prosperity has always returned and will again. The stock market turned upward in early 1930, returning to early 1929 levels by April and this was still almost 30% below the peak of September 1929. Together, government and business spent more in the first half of 1930 than in the period of the previous year. On the other hand, consumers, many of whom had suffered losses in the stock market the previous year. In addition, beginning in the mid-1930s, a severe drought ravaged the agricultural heartland of the U. S, by mid-1930, interest rates had dropped to low levels, but expected deflation and the continuing reluctance of people to borrow meant that consumer spending and investment were depressed. By May 1930, automobile sales had declined to below the levels of 1928, prices in general began to decline, although wages held steady in 1930
27.
Wilbur Wright College
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Wilbur Wright College, formerly known as Wright Junior College, is a public community college in Chicago. Part of the City Colleges of Chicago system, it offers 2-year associates degrees, as well as training in IT, manufacturing, medical. Its main campus is located in the northwest side, Dunning, for a three-year period during World War II, the U. S. Navy leased the facilities and trained thousands of men as part of the Electronics Training Program. The college remained in its location at 3400 N. Austin Ave. until moving to a new campus in 1993. In 1966, Wright and the city colleges were reorganized into a new community college district, named the City Colleges of Chicago, with its own Board of Trustees. This system includes colleges which, in turn, are a part of the State system comprising 40 public community college districts and 49 individual colleges, under the City Colleges of Chicagos new College to Careers initiative, Wright is City Colleges of Chicagos hub for Information Technology. Wright College was originally located in a building at 3400 N. Austin Avenue. The original Wright campus is now home to the Chicago Academy Elementary School, the Chicago Academy High School, and the Academy for Urban School Leaderships central office. Due to needs for space and more specialised facilities, in 1993 it moved to a 23-acre parcel at 4300 N. Narragansett Avenue. Wright College is a leader in sustainability and was recognized as a Bronze Level Compact School in the Illinois Campus Sustainability Compact Program, the National Arbor Day Foundation has named Wright College as a Tree Campus USA for three consecutive years. Humboldt Park Vocational Center is a site of Wright College and offers classes that teach adult basic education skills, vocational training. The facility offers an advanced certification program in computerized numerical control machining. In 2012, the CNC machining program placed 100 percent of its graduates into jobs paying $40,000 a year, the paralegal program is accredited by the American Bar Association. Henry Prize nominated novelist and poet Wilbur Wright College is host to the Scholars at Wright program, Wilbur Wright College is host to the only ABA -approved Paralegal Studies Program at a public college in the City of Chicago
28.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
29.
The French Line
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The French Line is a 1954 musical film starring Jane Russell made by RKO Pictures, directed by Lloyd Bacon and produced by Edmund Grainger, with Howard Hughes as executive producer. The screenplay was by Mary Loos and Richard Sale, based on a story by Matty Kemp and it was filmed in three strip technicolor and Dual strip polarized 3D during what many consider 3-D films golden era of 1952-1954. Gilbert Roland co-stars and Kim Novak makes her first film appearance, millionairess Mame Carsons oil empire spells trouble for her love life. Men are either after her fortune or afraid of it and her money-shy fiancé Phil Barton has just given her the brush off. A disappointed Mame heads for Paris on the French Lines Liberté with friend and she swaps identities with Myrtle Brown, one of Annies models, hoping to find true love incognito. Aboard ship, she falls in love with French playboy Pierre DuQuesne who, Pierre professes his love for Mame. Is he sincere or is this just a ploy to access to her millions. Silliness ensues interspersed with musical numbers until Pierres real intentions are revealed. The outrageous outfits were designed by Howard Hughes and the craftsmen at RKO to display Russells physique to best advantage, Russells singing, dancing, and comedic skills are also much in evidence. The film was considered scandalous at the time, producer Howard Hughes was no stranger to controversy, especially when it came to Jane Russell. His focus on Janes cleavage in The Outlaw ran afoul of The Production Code in 1941, the film was held up until 1943 before it was finally given a limited release. The French Line had its own set of controversies, Janes ample bosom literally popped out of the screen in 3-D. To stress the point Howard used the tagline J. R. in 3D, itll knock both your eyes out. As part of the advertising campaign and he also added the raunchy song and dance number Lookin for Trouble performed by Jane in a revealing one-piece outfit with three strategically placed cutouts. The Catholic National Legion of Decency condemned the film and called for a boycott, the Breen Office refused to give it a Production Code seal of approval. Howard defied both by releasing the film without the seal, after the initial run he made substantial cuts to the offending scene, then re-released the film flat. Advertising changed the tagline to THAT Picture, -- youve heard so much about. The publicity surrounding the film guaranteed a success for both versions, the uncensored dance sequence can be seen at The French Line on YouTube
30.
Jane Russell
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Ernestine Jane Geraldine Russell was an American film actress and one of Hollywoods leading sex symbols in the 1940s and 1950s. Russell moved from the Midwest to California, where she had her first film role in 1943 in The Outlaw, in 1947, Russell delved into music before returning to films. After starring in films in the 1950s, Russell again returned to music while completing several other films in the 1960s. She starred in more than 20 films throughout her career, Russell married three times, adopted three children, and in 1955 founded Waif, the first international adoption program. Russell was born on June 21,1921, in Bemidji and she was the eldest child and only daughter of the five children of Geraldine and Roy William Russell. Her brothers are Thomas, Kenneth, Jamie, and Wallace, russells parents lived in Edmonton, Canada until shortly before her birth and returned to that city nine days after her birth, where they lived for the first one or two years of her life. The family then moved to Southern California where her father worked as an office manager, russells mother arranged for her to take piano lessons. In addition to music, she was interested in drama and participated in productions at Van Nuys High School. Her early ambition was to be a designer of some kind, until the death of her father in his mid-40s, when she decided to work as a receptionist after graduation. She also modeled for photographers, and, at the urging of her mother, studied drama and acting with Max Reinhardts Theatrical Workshop, the movie was completed in 1941, but it was not released until 1943 in a limited release. Problems occurred with the censorship of the code over the way her ample cleavage was displayed. When the movie was passed, it had a general release in 1946. During that time, she was busy doing publicity and became known nationally. Russells measurements were 38D-24-36, and she stood 5 ft 7 in and her favorite co-star Bob Hope once introduced her as the two and only Jane Russell. He joked, Culture is the ability to describe Jane Russell without moving your hands, howard Hughes said, There are two good reasons why men go to see her. A publicity still for the movie showed her lying on a pile of straw and her right hand was behind her head of black hair and her left hand held a revolver. The image was a popular pin-up photo with servicemen during World War II and she did not appear in another movie until 1946, when she played Joan Kenwood in Young Widow for RKO. Speaking about her sex appeal, Russell said, Sex appeal is not in bad taste
31.
Son of Sinbad
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Son of Sinbad is a 1955 American film directed by Ted Tetzlaff. The movie takes place in the Middle East and consists of a variety of characters including over 127 women. Initially, the film was shot in 1953 and planned to be released in 3D, because of difficulties with the Motion Picture Production Code, studio mogul Howard Hughes shelved the film until 1955, when it was converted to the Tushinsky SuperScope process, in 2-D. It is Vincent Prices fourth and final 3-D film, dale Robertson co-stars with Sally Forrest and Price, as well as Lili St. Cyr, a well-known stripteaser of the 1950s. In ancient Baghdad, poet Omar Khayyám wanders the streets in search of his friend, Sinbad, the son and namesake of Sinbad the Sailor, although the Khalif has offered a reward for his capture, the roguish Sinbad ignores Omars warnings and nonchalantly sneaks into the palace. Spouting Omars poetry, Sinbad romances Nerissa, one of the Khalifs harem girls, but is exposed by jealous slave Ameer, both Sinbad and Omar are caught and brought before the Khalif for sentencing. Also on trial are Greek scholar Simon Aristides, and his daughter Kristina, Sinbads childhood friend, Murad boldly informs the Khalif that the Tartars will soon be storming the city and demands that he and his men be entertained in the meantime. The Khalif refuses to release Sinbad and Omar, but while they are incarcerated in the dungeon, Simon, as protection, Simon has entrusted the formula to Kristina, who can recite the instructions only while hypnotized. In front of the Khalif, Simon hypnotizes Kristina, who gives her father directions for mixing the various bottled ingredients. Unknown to them, Jiddah is in cahoots with Murad, although Jiddah and Murad can hear Kristina telling her father how much of each item to use, they cannot ascertain the chemicals being poured by Simon. Meanwhile, the Khalif, ecstatic about the explosive, agrees to Simons demand that Sinbad and that night, Kristina confides in Ameer that she wants to marry Sinbad and asks her to tell him about his imminent release. Though jealous, Ameer delivers the message to Sinbad, but when she returns to Kristinas chambers, she finds Kristina gone, Ameer sees Murad fleeing with Kristina and Simons chemicals and sends a message via carrier pigeon before being caught by Jiddah. While torturing Ameer to reveal the birds destination, Jiddah notices that she has a Forty Thieves tattoo on her shoulder. Although the Thieves, a band of raiders led by Sinbads father, are now dead, Ameer admits that their heirs have banded together. At dawn, Sinbad and Omar learn that their execution is to proceed as scheduled, there, Sinbad offers to retrieve Kristina in exchange for his and Omars freedom, some gold and a promise that he will be made second in command in Bagdad. The Khalif agrees and Sinbad rides off with Omar, unaware that Jiddah, Omar and Sinbad ride to the camp ahead of the caravan, and Sinbad has Omar bury him in the spot where he thinks Kristinas tent will be placed. Breathing through a reed, Sinbad remains buried in the Tartars camp, far from Kristinas tent, Sinbad is forced to surface but manages to sneak into Kristinas tent and free her. As Sinbad, Omar and Kristina ride off, the Forty Thieves, Omar, Sinbad and Kristina then go to the Forty Thievess cave and, using the cry open sesame, signals a donkey named Sesame to open the door
32.
Stereotype
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In social psychology, a stereotype is a thought that can be adopted about specific types of individuals or certain ways of doing things. These thoughts or beliefs may or may not accurately reflect reality, however, this is only a fundamental psychological definition of a stereotype. Within psychology and spanning across other disciplines, there are different conceptualizations, some of these definitions share commonalities, though each one may also harbor unique aspects that may contradict the others. The term stereotype derives from the Greek words στερεός, firm, solid and τύπος, impression, the term comes from the printing trade and was first adopted in 1798 by Firmin Didot to describe a printing plate that duplicated any typography. The duplicate printing plate, or the stereotype, is used for printing instead of the original, outside of printing, the first reference to stereotype was in 1850, as a noun that meant image perpetuated without change. However, it was not until 1922 that stereotype was first used in the psychological sense by American journalist Walter Lippmann in his work Public Opinion. Stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination are understood as related but different concepts, although related, the three concepts can exist independently of each other. Studies of stereotype content examine what people think of others, rather than the reasons, early theories of stereotype content proposed by social psychologists such as Gordon Allport assumed that stereotypes of outgroups reflected uniform antipathy. For instance, Katz and Braly argued in their classic 1933 study that ethnic stereotypes were uniformly negative, by contrast, a newer model of stereotype content theorizes that stereotypes are frequently ambivalent and vary along two dimensions, warmth and competence. Warmth and competence are respectively predicted by lack of competition and status, groups that do not compete with the in-group for the same resources are perceived as warm, whereas high-status groups are considered competent. The groups within each of the four combinations of high and low levels of warmth, the model explains the phenomenon that some out-groups are admired but disliked, whereas others are liked but disrespected. This model was tested on a variety of national and international samples and was found to reliably predict stereotype content. Early studies suggested that stereotypes were only used by rigid, repressed, stereotyping can serve cognitive functions on an interpersonal level, and social functions on an intergroup level. For stereotyping to function on a level, an individual must see themselves as part of a group. Craig McGarty, Russell Spears, and Vincent Y, Yzerbyt argued that the cognitive functions of stereotyping are best understood in relation to its social functions, and vice versa. Stereotypes can help make sense of the world and they are a form of categorization that helps to simplify and systematize information. Thus, information is easily identified, recalled, predicted. Stereotypes are categories of objects or people, between stereotypes, objects or people are as different from each other as possible
33.
Harry Cohn
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Harry Cohn was the American president and production director of Columbia Pictures Corporation. Cohn was born to a working-class Jewish family in New York City and his mother, Bella Joseph, was from Russia, and his father, Joseph Cohen, was a tailor from Germany. After working for a time as a conductor, and then as a promoter for a sheet music printer, he got a job with Universal Pictures. In 1919, Cohn joined his brother and Joe Brandt to found CBC Film Sales Corporation, the initials officially stood for Cohn, Brandt, and Cohn, but Hollywood wags noted the companys low-budget, low-class efforts and nicknamed CBC Corned Beef and Cabbage. Harry Cohn managed the film production in Hollywood, while his brother managed its finances from New York. Most of Columbias early work was action fare starring rock-jawed leading man Jack Holt, Columbia was unable to shake off its stigma as a Poverty Row studio until 1934, when director Frank Capras Columbia comedy It Happened One Night swept the Academy Awards. Exhibitors who formerly wouldnt touch Columbia product became steady customers, as a horizontally integrated company that only controlled production and distribution, Columbia had previously been at the mercy of theater owners. Columbia expanded its scope to offer moviegoers a regular program of economically made features, short subjects, serials, travelogues, sports reels, Columbia would release a few class productions each year, but depended on its popular budget productions to keep the company solvent. During Cohns tenure, the studio always turned a profit, Cohn did not build a stable of movie stars like other studios. Instead, he generally signed actors who worked for more expensive studios to attract a pre-sold audience. Columbias own stars generally rose from the ranks of small-part actors, some of Columbias producers and directors also graduated from lesser positions as actors, writers, musicians, and assistant directors. Cohn was known for his autocratic and intimidating management style, when he took over as Columbias president, he remained production chief as well, thus concentrating enormous power in his hands. He respected talent above any personal attribute, but he made sure his employees knew who was boss, writer Ben Hecht referred to him as White Fang. An employee of Columbia called him as absolute a monarch as Hollywood ever knew and it was said he had listening devices on all sound stages and could tune in any conversation on the set, then boom in over a loudspeaker if he heard anything that displeased him. Throughout his tenure, his most popular moniker was King Cohn, moe Howard of the Three Stooges recalled that Cohn was a real Jekyll-and-Hyde-type guy. Socially, he could be very charming, Cohn was known to scream and curse at actors and directors in his office all afternoon, and greet them cordially at a dinner party that evening. There is some suggestion that Cohn deliberately cultivated his reputation as a tyrant, Cohn is said to have kept a signed photograph of Benito Mussolini, whom he met in Italy in 1933, on his desk until the beginning of World War II. Cohn also had a number of ties to organized crime and he had a long-standing friendship with Chicago mobster John Roselli, and New Jersey mob boss Abner Zwillman was the source of the loan that allowed Cohn to buy out his partner Brandt
34.
Rita Hayworth
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Rita Hayworth was an American actress and dancer. She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the top stars. The press coined the term love goddess to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s and she was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II. Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, Gilda, opposite Glenn Ford, Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner. Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical Cover Girl, with Gene Kelly and she is listed as one of the top-25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institutes survey, AFIs 100 Years.100 Stars. In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimers disease, which contributed to her death at age 68, the public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimers, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimers research. Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino and her father, Eduardo Cansino, Sr. was from Castilleja de la Cuesta, a little town near Seville, Spain. Her mother, Volga Hayworth, was an American of Irish-English descent who had performed with the Ziegfeld Follies and they also had two sons, Eduardo Cansino, Jr. and Vernon Cansino. Margaritas father wanted her to become a dancer, while her mother hoped she would become an actress. Her paternal grandfather, Antonio Cansino, was renowned as a Spanish classical dancer and he popularized the bolero, and his dancing school in Madrid was world-famous. Hayworth later recalled, From the time I was three and a half … as soon as I could stand on my own feet, I was given dance lessons. She noted I didnt like it very much … but I didnt have the courage to tell my father, rehearse, rehearse, rehearse, that was my girlhood. She attended dance classes every day for a few years in a Carnegie Hall complex and she performed publicly from the age of six. In 1926 at the age of eight, she was featured in La Fiesta, in 1927, her father took the family to Hollywood. He believed that dancing could be featured in the movies and that his family could be part of it and he established his own dance studio, where he taught such stars as James Cagney and Jean Harlow. During the Great Depression, he lost all his investments as commercial interest in his dancing classes waned, in 1931, Eduardo Cansino partnered with his 12-year-old daughter to form an act called the Dancing Cansinos. Since under California law Margarita was too young to work in nightclubs and bars, her father took her with him to work across the border in Tijuana, in the early 1930s, it was a popular tourist spot for people from Los Angeles. Because she was working, Cansino never graduated high school
35.
20th Century Fox
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Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation is an American film studio currently owned by 21st Century Fox. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios and is located in the Century City area of Los Angeles, the studio was formerly owned by News Corporation. 20th Century Fox is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2015, 20th Century Fox celebrated its 80th anniversary as a studio. Spyros Skouras, then manager of the Fox West Coast Theaters, the studios biggest star, Will Rogers, died in a plane crash weeks after the merger. Its leading female star, Janet Gaynor, was fading in popularity and promising leading men James Dunn, at first, it was expected that the new company was originally to be called Fox-20th Century, even though 20th Century was the senior partner in the merger. However, 20th Century brought more to the bargaining table besides Schenck and Zanuck, the new company, 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation, began trading on May 31,1935, the hyphen was dropped in 1985. Schenck became Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, while Kent remained as President, Zanuck became Vice President in Charge of Production, replacing Foxs longtime production chief Winfield Sheehan. The company established a training school. The contracts included an option for renewal for as long as seven years. For many years, 20th Century Fox claimed to have founded in 1915. For instance, it marked 1945 as its 30th anniversary, however, in recent years it has claimed the 1935 merger as its founding, even though most film historians agree it was founded in 1915. The companys films retained the 20th Century Pictures searchlight logo on their credits as well as its opening fanfare. Also on the Fox payroll he found two players who he built up into the studios leading assets, Alice Faye and seven-year-old Shirley Temple, favoring popular biographies and musicals, Zanuck built Fox back to profitability. Thanks to record attendance during World War II, Fox overtook RKO, while Zanuck went off for eighteen months war service, junior partner William Goetz kept profits high by going for light entertainment. The studios—indeed the industrys—biggest star was creamy blonde Betty Grable, in 1942, Spyros Skouras succeeded Kent as president of the studio. Together with Zanuck, who returned in 1943, they intended to make Foxs output more serious-minded. During the next few years, with pictures like The Razors Edge, Wilson, Gentlemans Agreement, The Snake Pit, Boomerang, and Pinky, Zanuck established a reputation for provocative, adult films. Fox also specialized in adaptations of best-selling books such as Ben Ames Williams Leave Her to Heaven, starring Gene Tierney and they also made the 1958 film version of South Pacific
36.
Marilyn Monroe
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Marilyn Monroe was an American actress and model. Famous for playing comic dumb blonde characters, she one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s. Although she was an actress for only a decade, her films grossed $200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962. She continues to be considered a popular culture icon. Born and raised in Los Angeles, Monroe spent most of her childhood in foster homes, while working in a factory in 1944 as part of the war effort, she was introduced to a photographer from the First Motion Picture Unit and began a successful pin-up modeling career. The work led to short-lived film contracts with Twentieth Century-Fox and Columbia Pictures, after a series of minor film roles, she signed a new contract with Fox in 1951. Over the next two years, she became an actress with roles in several comedies, including As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business. Monroe faced a scandal when it was revealed that she had posed for photos before becoming a star, but rather than damaging her career. Although she played a significant role in the creation and management of her public image throughout her career, she was disappointed at being typecast and underpaid by the studio. She was briefly suspended in early 1954 for refusing a film project, when the studio was still reluctant to change her contract, Monroe founded a film production company in late 1954, she named it Marilyn Monroe Productions. She dedicated 1955 to building her company and began studying acting at the Actors Studio. In late 1955, Fox awarded her a new contract, which gave her more control and a larger salary. After a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop and acting in the first independent production of MMP, The Prince and her last completed film was the drama The Misfits. Monroes troubled private life received much attention and she struggled with substance abuse, depression, and anxiety. She had two highly publicized marriages, to retired baseball star Joe DiMaggio and playwright Arthur Miller, both of which ended in divorce and she died at the age of 36 on August 5,1962, from an overdose of barbiturates at her home in Los Angeles. Although Monroes death was ruled a suicide, several conspiracy theories have been proposed in the decades following her death. Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson at the Los Angeles County Hospital on June 1,1926, Gladys, the daughter of two poor Midwestern migrants to California, was a flapper and worked as a film negative cutter at Consolidated Film Industries. When she was fifteen, Gladys married a man nine years her senior, John Newton Baker and she filed for divorce in 1921, and Baker took the children with him to his native Kentucky
37.
Pushover (film)
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Pushover is a 1954 American film noir crime film directed by Richard Quine starring Fred MacMurray, Philip Carey and Kim Novak in her first credited role. The motion picture was adapted from two novels, The Night Watch by Thomas Walsh and Rafferty by William S. Ballinger, honest cop Paul Sheridan is tasked to recover $200,000 after a bank robbery. He and other officers maintain a 24-hour surveillance on Lona McLane, Sheridan quickly falls in love with Lona, who, when she finds out hes a policeman, tries to persuade him to kill Harry Wheeler so the two can take off with the cash. He initially resists, but eventually agrees, after the killing, Sheridan finds that he also has to betray fellow detective Paddy Dolan and deceive partner Rick McAllister and their boss Lieutenant Eckstrom to cover his tracks. Almost all the takes place at night in the U-shaped apartment building where Lona. The outdoor scenes were filmed on the streets of Burbank, California, prominent, is the old Magnolia Theater, on Magnoila Street. This film has a lot of classic car shots, for those who enjoy them. Most critics seemed to find the plot similar to other film noir. The New York Times review pointed out, Fred MacMurray is going through the motions of his Double Indemnity role in a mild facsimile, however, Kim Novak is usually singled out as a rising photogenic star. Chicago Reader film critic Jonathan Rosenbaum wrote, An aging cop falls in love with a bank robbers girlfriend, still, its immensely entertaining, skillfully directed by Richard Quine with the requisite suspense trappings, and covering a lot of territory in its 88 minutes. Novak does a job in her first starring role as a heartless femme fatale who does have a heart after all. Pushover at the Internet Movie Database Pushover at AllMovie Pushover at the TCM Movie Database Pushover film trailer on YouTube
38.
Philip Carey
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Philip Carey was an American actor. Carey was born in Hackensack, New Jersey, Carey served in the United States Marine Corps and was wounded as part of the ships detachment of the USS Franklin during World War II and served again in the Korean War. One of his earliest roles was Lt. Bob Perry in John Waynes Operation Pacific, careys career started with ten characters in ten episodes of the Ford Theatre, a highly popular 1950s television series. He also narrated 31 episodes of the documentary Untamed World and he portrayed fictional detective Philip Marlowe in a 1959 ABC series of the same name, Philip Marlowe. He portrayed four different characters on as many episodes of ABCs mystery series 77 Sunset Strip starring Efrem Zimbalist and he was among the guest stars in the CBS anthology series, GE True, hosted by Jack Webb. In 1956, Carey starred on the NBC series Tales of the 77th Bengal Lancers, careys character was portrayed as Canadian because Carey reportedly could not master a British accent. He played the character Simon Battle in The Rifleman, in 1961, he guest-starred in an episode of The Asphalt Jungle. In the episode One Way Ticket of the ABC/Warner Brothers western series, Cheyenne, Carey plays the outlaw Cole Younger who is being transported by railway to the penitentiary in Denver, Colorado. Twice Younger escapes, but he ultimately decides based on Bodies stern advice to accept prison with the hope of a later pardon, Younger in the episode says that Bodie is so convincing that he should have been a politician or a preacher. From 1965 to 1967, Carey played Captain Edward Parmalee on the NBC western television series Laredo and his co-stars included William Smith, Peter Brown and Neville Brand. After Laredo, Carey guest-starred in an episode of ABCs military-western Custer starring Wayne Maunder in the title role, Carey had played Custer himself in The Great Sioux Massacre and played Captain Myles Keogh at the Battle of the Little Big Horn in Walt Disneys Tonka in 1959. In 1971, Carey guest-starred on the fifth installment of All in the Family, playing Steve. The episode was entitled Judging Books by Covers, from 1979 until late 2007, he played the protective Texan patriarch Asa Buchanan on the ABC soap opera, One Life to Live. He also appeared in the low budget horror film Monstroid in 1980, Carey was diagnosed with lung cancer in January 2006 and underwent chemotherapy. In late March 2007, it was announced that Carey would be exiting One Life to Live and he had appeared in one episode in 2003 and one episode of All My Children in 2004. He appeared in an additional nine episodes of One Life to Live between January 3,2007 and May 16,2007, Carey turned down an offer to go to recurring status with the show. Carey was married twice, in 1949 to Maureen Peppler, with whom he had a son Jeff, at the time of his death, Carey had been married since 1974 to Colleen Welch, with whom he had a son, Sean and a daughter, Shannon. He was close friends with his sons, Clint Ritchie
39.
Phffft
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Phffft is a 1954 black-and-white romantic comedy film starring Judy Holliday, Jack Lemmon, and Jack Carson, and features Kim Novak in a small but notable role. The picture was written by George Axelrod and directed by Mark Robson, Nina and Robert Tracey, married for eight years, suffer marriage troubles and divorce. Robert takes up with his womanizing Navy buddy Charlie Nelson while Nina looks to her mother for guidance. Robert spends the night with Janis, a Marilyn Monroe-type character who finds the dashing Robert real cute but he feels uncomfortable with Janis, Nina also tries to date other men but fails as she is still in love with Robert. Although they try to ignore each other when they accidentally meet, then one night, they find themselves in a nightclub, dancing the mambo together. Judy Holliday as Nina Tracey Jack Lemmon as Robert Tracey Jack Carson as Charlie Nelson Kim Novak as Janis Luella Gear as Mrs. Edith Chapman Donald Randolph as Dr and this was the second film that Jack Lemmon did with Judy Holliday. In that same year, Lemmons debut film It Should Happen to You starred Holliday and this was also Lemmons third film of his career. The title Phffft comes from Walter Winchells column which was read during the 1950s. When a celebrity couples marriage broke up, Winchell would describe the break-up as phffft, columbia Pictures approached George Axelrod to produce a film version of his popular play, The Seven Year Itch but the film rights were tied up as long as it was running on Broadway. - an earlier play of his dealing with a similar subject, Judy Holliday was nominated for Best Foreign Actress at the BAFTA Awards in 1955. The film was nominated for Best Written American Comedy at the Writers Guild of America. Phffft at the TCM Movie Database Phffft at the Internet Movie Database Phffft at AllMovie Phffft at the American Film Institute Catalog
40.
Jack Lemmon
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John Uhler Jack Lemmon III was an American actor and musician. Lemmon was an eight time Academy Award nominee, with two wins, Lemmon was born on February 8,1925, in an elevator at Newton-Wellesley Hospital in Newton, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. He was the child of Mildred Burgess LaRue and John Uhler Lemmon. His paternal grandmother was from an Irish immigrant family, Lemmon attended John Ward Elementary School in Newton and the Rivers School in Weston, Massachusetts. During his acceptance of his lifetime achievement award, he stated that he knew he wanted to be an actor from the age of eight, after graduation in 1947, Lemmon took up acting professionally, working on radio, television and Broadway. He studied acting under coach Uta Hagen and he was enamored of the piano and learned to play it on his own. He could also play the harmonica, guitar, organ, and he was close friends with actors Tony Curtis, Ernie Kovacs, Walter Matthau and Kevin Spacey. He made two films with Curtis, and eleven with Matthau, early in Lemmons career he met comedian Ernie Kovacs while co-starring with him in Operation Mad Ball. Lemmon and Kovacs became close friends and appeared together in two subsequent films, Bell, Book and Candle and It Happened to Jane, in 1977, PBS broadcast a compilation series of Kovacs television work, and Lemmon served as the narrator of the series. Lemmon discussed his friendship with Kovacs in the documentary Ernie Kovacs and he was a favorite of director Billy Wilder, starring in the films Some Like It Hot, The Apartment, Irma la Douce, The Fortune Cookie, Avanti. The Front Page, and Buddy Buddy, the biography quotes Lemmon as saying, I am particularly susceptible to the parts I play. If my character was having a breakdown, I started to have one. Bell, Book and Candle and It Happened to Jane and How to Murder Your Wife, quine also directed Lemmons screen test when the actor was signed by Columbia. Lemmons singing voice was first heard on two film soundtracks in 1955, Three for the Show with Betty Grable and My Sister Eileen and he also performed songs in the 1956 film You Cant Run Away from It with Stubby Kaye and June Allyson. His first solo album A Twist of Lemmon was released in 1958 on Epic Records, while filming Some Like It Hot with Marilyn Monroe in 1959, Lemmon released a second album, Some Like It Hot. Both featured Lemmons singing and piano solos, the two Epic albums were later released as A Twist of Lemmon/Some Like It Hot, a single cd on Collectors Choice Music, in 2001. Two singles, Daphne/Sleepy Lagoon and Im Forever Blowing Bubbles/I Cover the Waterfront did not appear on either album, Epic released a third single in 1960, Lemmons piano solo of the theme to the film The Apartment, backed with his own composition Lemmon Blues. In 1963, Lemmon released an album, this time on Capitol Records
41.
5 Against the House
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5 Against the House is a 1955 American heist film noir based on a story by Jack Finney, starring Guy Madison, Brian Keith, and Kim Novak, in one of her first film appearances. It was directed by Phil Karlson, the movie centers on a fictional robbery of what was a real Nevada casino, Harolds Club. The supporting cast includes William Conrad, the screenplay was based on Jack Finneys 1954 novel of the same name, which was later serialized by Good Housekeeping magazine. During a weekend side-trip to Reno, Nevada, college friends Brick, Al, Ronnie, after an hour spent gambling and socializing, the group prepares to leave. Ronnie, however, has lost money playing roulette and must cash a check at the cashiers window and he is accompanied there by Roy but, unbeknownst to either of them, the cashier is being threatened by a man with a gun. Using a concealed security alarm, the cashier alerts casino officials, who not only the would-be robber. Back at college, the incident is forgotten, though Ronnie begins developing his plans in earnest. Al also reestablishes his relationship with his girlfriend, Kaye, who has become a singer at a local nightclub. Al takes Brick, Roy and Ronnie to see one of her shows, later that night, Al encourages a distraught Brick to return to a veteran’s hospital for treatment, but he refuses. Later, Ronnie finalizes his plan to rob Harold’s Club, though initially skeptical, Brick and Roy gradually abandon their misgivings. Ronnie determines that the robbery can only go ahead if Al participates, but Brick, Roy and Ronnie agree that Al will not go along with the robbery if he is made aware of it beforehand. Coincidentally, the day before the robbery, Al proposes to Kaye, Ronnie reveals his robbery plans to Kaye and Al. Brick then pulls out a revolver and seizes control, Brick threatens to kill Al if anyone attempts to sabotage the plan. Once they arrive at the casino, the robbery is carried out efficiently as Reno’s casino district is filled with costumed partiers celebrating a cowboy-themed fête, after the robbery, Brick leaves the others behind and escapes with the money, but Al pursues him into a casino parking structure. Kaye, having alerted police, follows them, and a standoff ensues. Ultimately, Al convinces Brick to give up peacefully, no one else is arrested and Al and Kaye embrace on a crowded street. She was one of the last actors to be signed to a studio contract, Martin Scorsese has indicated that his 1995 film Casino was influenced by Karlsons own production. The DVD includes film introductions and commentaries by notable filmmakers Martin Scorsese, Michael Mann, Christopher Nolan and authors Eddie Muller and James Ellroy
42.
Guy Madison
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Guy Madison was an American film and television actor. Madison was born Robert Ozell Moseley in Pumpkin Center, California and he attended Bakersfield College, a junior college, for two years and then worked briefly as a telephone lineman before joining the United States Navy in 1942, during World War II. He had three brothers, Wayne, Harold and David, and a sister, Rosemary, Wayne Moseley was an actor, using the stage name Wayne Mallory. Following the films release in 1944, the studio received thousands of letters from fans wanting to know more about him, Madison was signed by RKO Pictures in 1946 and began appearing in romantic comedies and dramas. In 1951 he was cast as the character in the television series The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok, co-starring Andy Devine as his pal. The series ran for seven years, during the run of the show, sixteen feature films were released by Monogram Pictures between 1952 and 1955 that consisted of combined episodes of the series. Following his television series, he appeared in more films before leaving for Europe. Madison married the actress Gail Russell in 1949 and they separated in 1953 and divorced in October 1954. Later that month, Madison married actress Sheila Connolly in Juarez and they had three daughters, Bridget, Erin and Dolly. They separated in November 1960 and divorced in April 1963 and he had an affair with Gia Scala, before her death, she made him beneficiary to her portion of the Screen Actors Pension Fund. He also had a son, Robert Madison, who became an actor. Madisons grandson Spencer Karol was killed in action during service in Iraq in 2003. Madison died of emphysema at the Desert Hospital Hospice in Palm Springs, California, on February 6,1996 and he was buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Cathedral City, California. His friend, the actor turned stockbroker Don Burnett, spoke at his funeral, for his contribution to the radio and television industries, Madison has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The star for his contributions to radio is located at 6933 Hollywood Boulevard, in 1996, a Golden Palm Star was dedicated to Madison on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars, in Palm Springs, California. Stars in Blue, Movie Actors in Americas Sea Services, annapolis, Maryland, Naval Institute Press,1997. Official website Guy Madison at the Internet Movie Database Guy Madison at Brians Drive-in Theater
43.
Rosalind Russell
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A noted comedian, she won all five Golden Globes for which she was nominated. Russell won a Tony Award in 1953 for Best Performance by an Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of Ruth in the Broadway show Wonderful Town and she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress four times throughout her career. She had a career span from the 1930s to the 1970s. Catherine Rosalind Russell was one of seven children born in Waterbury, Connecticut, to James Edward, a lawyer, and Clara A. Russell and she was named after a ship on which her parents had traveled. Her parents thought Russell was studying to become a teacher, and were unaware that she was planning to become a comedic actress, Russell started her career as a fashion model and was in many Broadway shows. Against parental objections, she took a job at a company for seven months at Saranac Lake and then Hartford. Afterwards, she moved to Boston, where she acted for a year at a group for Edward E. Clive. Later, she appeared in a revue in New York, there, she took voice lessons and built a career in the opera, which was short-lived due to her difficulty in reaching high notes. In the early 1930s, Russell went west to Los Angeles, when she first arrived on the lot, she was ignored by most of the crew and later told the press she felt terrible and humiliated at Universal, which affected her self-confidence. Unhappy with Universals leadership, and second-class studio status at the time, when MGM first approached her for a screen test, Russell was wary, remembering her experience at Universal. When she met MGMs Benny Thau and Ben Piazza, she was surprised and her screen test was directed by Harold S. Bucquet, and she later recalled that she was hired because of a closeup he took of her. Under contract to MGM, Russell debuted in Evelyn Prentice, although the role was small, she received good notices, with one critic saying that she was convincing as the woman scorned. She starred in comedies such as Forsaking All Others and Fours a Crowd, as well as dramas, including Craigs Wife. Russell was first acclaimed when she co-starred with Robert Young in the MGM drama West Point of the Air, One critic wrote, Rosalind Russell as the other woman in the story gives an intelligent and deft handling to her scenes with Young. She quickly rose to fame, and by 1935, was seen as a replacement for actress Myrna Loy, in her first years in Hollywood, Russell was characterized, both in her personal life and film career, as a sophisticated lady. This dissatisfied Russell, who claimed in a 1936 interview, Being typed as a lady is the greatest misfortune possible to a motion picture actress and it limits your characterizations, confines you to play feminine sops and menaces and the public never highly approves of either. I earnestly want to get away from this, first, because I want to improve my career and professional life and, secondly because I am tired of being a clothes horse – a sort of hothouse orchid in a stand of wild flowers. Russell approached director Frank Lloyd for help changing her image, but instead of helping her, in 1939, she was cast as catty gossip Sylvia Fowler in the all-female comedy The Women, directed by George Cukor
44.
Joshua Logan
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Joshua Lockwood Logan III was an American stage and film director and writer. Logan was born in Texarkana, Texas, the son of Susan, when he was three years old his father committed suicide. Logans mother remarried six years after his fathers death and he then attended Culver Military Academy in Culver, Indiana, at school, he experienced his first drama class and felt at home. After his high school graduation he attended Princeton University, at Princeton, he was involved with the intercollegiate summer stock company, known as the University Players, with fellow student James Stewart and also non-student Henry Fonda. During his senior year he served as president of the Princeton Triangle Club, before his graduation he won a scholarship to travel to Moscow to observe the rehearsals of Konstantin Stanislavski, and Logan left school without a diploma. Logan began his Broadway career as an actor in Carry Nation in 1932 and he then spent time in London, where he stag two productions. And direct a revival of Camille. He also worked as an assistant stage manager, after a short time in Hollywood, Logan directed On Borrowed Time on Broadway. The play ran for a year, but his first major success came in 1938, over the next few years he directed Knickerbocker Holiday, Mornings at Seven, Charlies Aunt, and By Jupiter. In 1942, Logan was drafted by the U. S. Army, during his service in World War II, he acted as a public-relations and intelligence officer. When the war concluded he was discharged with the rank of Captain and he married his second wife, actress Nedda Harrigan, in 1945, Logans previous marriage, to actress Barbara ONeil, a colleague of his at the University Players in the 1930s, had ended in divorce. After the war, Logan directed the Broadway productions Annie Get Your Gun, John Loves Mary, Mister Roberts, South Pacific, with Thomas Heggen, Logan shared the Tony Award in 1948 for writing Mister Roberts. Logan shared the 1950 Pulitzer Prize for Drama with Richard Rodgers, the show also earned him a Tony Award for Best Director. Although the mistakes were corrected, in his autobiography Logan wrote I knew then why people fight so hard to have their names in proper type and its not just ego or the principle of the thing, its possibly another job or a better salary. My name had been so minimized that I lived through years of having people praise South Pacific in my presence without knowing I had had anything to do with it, Logan cowrote, coproduced, and directed the 1952 musical Wish You Were Here. After the show was not initially successful, Logan quickly wrote 54 new pages of material, in its fourth week of release, the show sold out, and continued to offer sell-out performances for the next two years. When director John Ford became sick, Logan reluctantly returned to Hollywood to complete the filming of Mister Roberts, Logans other hit films included Picnic, Bus Stop, Sayonara, and South Pacific. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Directing for Picnic, in 1961, he was a member of the jury at the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival
45.
British Academy of Film and Television Arts
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The British Academy of Film and Television Arts is an independent charity that supports, develops and promotes the art forms of the moving image – film, television and game in the United Kingdom. David Lean was the founding Chairman of the Academy, the first Film Awards ceremony took place in May 1949 and honouring the films The Best Years of Our Lives, Odd Man Out and The World Is Rich. In 2005, it placed a cap on worldwide voting membership which now stands at approximately 6,500. BAFTA has offices in Scotland and Wales in the UK, in Los Angeles and New York in the United States and runs events in Hong Kong, amanda Berry OBE has been chief executive of the organisation since December 2000. Many of these events are free to online at BAFTA Guru. BAFTA runs a number of programmes across the UK, US. Launched in 2012, the UK programme enables talented British citizens who are in need of support to take an industry-recognised course in film. Each BAFTA Scholar receives up to £12,000 towards their annual course fees, since 2013, three students every year have received one of the Prince William Scholarships in Film, Television and Games, supported by BAFTA and Warner Bros. These scholarships are awarded in the name of in his role as President of BAFTA, since 2015, BAFTA has been offering scholarships for British citizens to study in China, vice versa. BAFTA presents awards for film, television and games, including entertainment, at a number of annual ceremonies across the UK and in Los Angeles. The BAFTA award trophy is a mask, designed by American sculptor Mitzi Cunliffe. Todays BAFTA award – including the mask and marble base – weighs 3.7 kg and measures 27 cm x 14 cm x 8 cm. BAFTAs annual film awards ceremony is known as the British Academy Film Awards, or the BAFTAs, in 1949 the British Film Academy, as it was then known, presented the first awards for films made in 1947 and 1948. Since 2008 the ceremony has held at the Royal Opera House in Londons Covent Garden. It had been held in the Odeon cinema on Leicester Square since 2000, the ceremony had been performed during April or May of each year, but since 2002 it has been held in February to precede the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Academy Awards, or Oscars. They have been awarded annually since 1954, the first ever ceremony consisted of six categories. Until 1958, they were awarded by the Guild of Television Producers and Directors, from 1968 until 1997, BAFTAs Film and Television Awards were presented together, but from 1998 onwards they were presented at two separate ceremonies. The Television Craft Awards celebrate the talent behind the programmes, such as working in visual effects, production
46.
What's My Line?
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Whats My Line. is a panel game show which originally ran in the United States on the CBS Television Network from 1950 to 1967, with several international versions and subsequent U. S. revivals. It is the longest-running U. S. primetime network television game-show, after its cancellation by CBS in 1967, it returned in syndication as a daily production, moderated originally by Wally Bruner and later by Larry Blyden, which ran from 1968 to 1975. There have been international versions, radio versions, and a live stage version. In 2013, TV Guide ranked it #9 in its list of the 60 greatest game shows ever, produced by Mark Goodson and Bill Todman for CBS Television, the show was initially called Occupation Unknown before deciding on the name Whats My Line. The original series, which was usually broadcast live, debuted on Thursday, February 2,1950 and this was then state-of-the-art technology, and Daly praised it upon his return from Moscow. In such instances, there would often be two shows a day, the one, followed immediately by the live one. The cast and crew began taking Summer breaks from the show in July 1961, the host, then called the moderator, was veteran radio and television newsman John Charles Daly. Clifton Fadiman, Eamonn Andrews, and Random House co-founding publisher, the show featured a panel of four celebrities who questioned the contestants. On the initial program of February 2,1950, the panel was former New Jersey governor Harold Hoffman, columnist Dorothy Kilgallen, poet Louis Untermeyer, and psychiatrist Richard Hoffmann. At various times, a regular panelist might take a vacation or be absent from an episode to due outside commitments, on these occasions, the most frequent guest panelist was Arlene Franciss husband Martin Gabel, who appeared 112 times over the years. Publisher Bennett Cerf replaced Untermeyer as a regular panelist in 1951, Allen left in 1954 to launch The Tonight Show, and he was replaced by comedian Fred Allen, who remained on the panel until his death in 1956. Following Fred Allens death, he was not replaced on a permanent basis, for the majority of the shows network run, between 1956 and 1965, the panel therefore consisted of Kilgallen, Cerf, Francis and a fourth guest panelist. After Kilgallens death in 1965, she was not replaced with a permanent panelist. For the shows final two years, the panel consisted of Cerf, Francis and two guests, Whats My Line. was a guessing game in which the four panelists attempted to determine the occupation of a guest. In the case of the mystery guest each week, the panel sought to determine the identity of the contestant. Panelists were required to probe by asking only yes-no questions, a typical episode featured two standard rounds plus one mystery guest round. On the occasions on which there were two guests, the first would usually appear as the first contestant. For the first few seasons, the contestant would first meet the panel up close, for an inspection
