Kim Novak

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Kim Novak
611px-Kim Novak.jpeg
Novak in 1962
BornMarilyn Pauline Novak
(1933-02-13) February 13, 1933 (age 85)
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
ResidenceSams Valley, Oregon, U.S.[1]
EducationFarragut Career Academy High School
Alma materSchool of the Art Institute of Chicago
OccupationActress, artist
Years active1954–1991
Spouse(s)
Richard Johnson
(m. 1965; div. 1966)

Robert Malloy
(m. 1976)
Websitewww.kimnovakartist.com

Marilyn Pauline "Kim" Novak (born February 13, 1933) is a retired American film and television actress.

She began her film career in 1954 after signing with Columbia Pictures. There she starred in a string of movies, among them the well received Picnic (1955). She later starred in such films as The Man with the Golden Arm (1955) and Pal Joey (1957). However, she is perhaps best known today for her performance as Madeline Elster/Judy Barton in Alfred Hitchcock's thriller Vertigo (1958) with James Stewart. Novak enjoyed box-office success and starred opposite several prominent leading men of the era, including Fred MacMurray, William Holden, Frank Sinatra, Tyrone Power, Kirk Douglas, and Laurence Harvey.

Although still only in her mid-30s, Novak withdrew from acting in 1966, and has only sporadically worked in films since. She appeared in The Mirror Crack'd (1980), and had a regular role on the primetime series Falcon Crest (1986–87).[2] After a disappointing experience during the filming of Liebestraum (1991), she permanently retired from acting, stating she had no desire to return.[3] Her contributions to world cinema have been honored with two Golden Globe Awards, an Honorary Golden Bear Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame among others. She works as a visual artist.

Early life[edit]

Novak was born in Chicago, Illinois on February 13, 1933. She is the daughter of Joseph and Blanche (née Kral) Novak.[4] Both her parents were of Czech descent.[5][6][7] Her father was a history teacher who took a job as a freight dispatcher on the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad during the Depression,[7] and her mother was a factory worker.[5][8][9] She was raised Catholic.[10]

She attended William Penn Elementary, Farragut High School,[11] and Wright Junior College. She won two scholarships to the School of the Art Institute of Chicago,[12][9][13] and during the summer break in her last semester of junior college, Novak went on a cross-country tour modeling for a refrigerator company at trade shows.[14]

Acting career[edit]

Early work and success (1953–58)[edit]

Novak in 1957

While stopping by Los Angeles, Novak was crowned "Miss Deepfreeze" by the refrigerator company. While there, she and two other models stood in line to be extras in two RKO films: The French Line (1954), starring Jane Russell and Son of Sinbad (filmed in 1953, not released until 1955). There she was discovered by an agent, who signed her to a long-term contract with Columbia Pictures.[15] From the beginning of her career, she wanted to be an original and not another stereotype. Therefore, she fought with Columbia's chief, Harry Cohn, over the changing of her name. He suggested the name "Kit Marlowe", arguing, "Nobody's gonna go see a girl with a Polack name!", but she insisted on keeping her name, saying, "I'm Czech, but Polish, Czech, no matter, it's my name!" The two sides eventually settled on the name "Kim Novak" as a compromise.[16]

Columbia intended for Novak to be their successor to Rita Hayworth, their biggest star of the 1940s, whose career had declined; also, the studio was hopeful that Novak would bring them the same box-office success Marilyn Monroe brought 20th Century-Fox. Novak's first role for the studio was in the film noir Pushover (1954), in which she received third billing below Fred MacMurray and Philip Carey. She then co-starred in the romantic comedy Phffft (1954) as Janis, a character who finds Robert Tracey (Jack Lemmon) "real cute". Both films were reasonably successful at the box office, and Novak received favorable reviews for her performances. In her third feature film, 5 Against the House (1955), a gritty crime drama, she received equal billing with Guy Madison. It was only a minor critical and box-office success.

She then played Madge Owens in the film version of Picnic (1955), from the William Inge play,co-starring William Holden and Rosalind Russell. Its director, Joshua Logan, felt that it would be more in character for Novak to have red hair; she agreed to wear a red wig during filming. Picnic was a resounding critical and box-office triumph, and Novak won a Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer. She was also nominated for BAFTA Film Award for Best Foreign Actress, but did not win. She appeared as a mystery guest on the game show What's My Line? on February 5, 1956, to promote the film's opening at the Radio City Music Hall. Director Otto Preminger then cast her in The Man with the Golden Arm (1955), in which she played Frank Sinatra's sultry ex-girlfriend. In a cast which included Eleanor Parker, Novak received praise for being one of the film's bright spots, and the film was a box-office hit

Novak singing "My Funny Valentine" in Pal Joey (1957)

Novak's next project, The Eddy Duchin Story (1956), cast her as Marjorie Oelrichs, the wife of pianist Eddy Duchin, played by Tyrone Power. Because the two leads did not get along during filming, Novak nearly considered backing out of the production, but decided against it. At the time of its release, the film was a critical and box-office hit, with many suggesting that Novak's advertisements for No-Cal diet soda contributed positively to the film's success. Offered a choice for her next project, she selected the biopic Jeanne Eagels (1957), in which she portrayed the stage and silent-screen actress who was addicted to heroin. Co-starring Jeff Chandler, the film was a largely fictional account of Eagels' life. Eagels' family sued Columbia over the way Eagels had been depicted in the movie.

After appearing in a series of successful movies, Novak became one of the biggest box-office draws of 1957 and 1958. Columbia then placed her in a film adaptation of Pal Joey (also 1957), based on the 1940 novel and Broadway play, both written by John O'Hara. Playing Linda English, a naive showgirl, she again co-starred opposite Frank Sinatra and Rita Hayworth. Released in October, the film received favorable reviews; Variety called the film "strong, funny entertainment," although Novak's performance has generated a mixed reaction, partly because of noticeable lack of on-screen charisma. The movie was a box-office hit and has been considered one of Novak's better performances.

Vertigo[edit]

Kim Novak in Vertigo

Director Alfred Hitchcock was working on his next film, Vertigo (1958), when his leading actress, Vera Miles, became pregnant and had to withdraw from the complex role of Judy Barton.[17] Hitchcock approached Harry Cohn to offer Novak the female lead without even requesting a screen test. Though Cohn hated the script, he allowed Novak to read it because he considered Hitchcock to be a great director.[18] Novak loved it, as she could identify with the character and agreed to take part in the film without meeting Hitchcock. At the same time, she was striking for more money from Columbia, and refused to show up for work on the Vertigo set to protest her salary of $1,250 a week. Novak hired new agents to represent her and demanded an adjustment in her contract. Cohn, who was paid $250,000 for Novak to do Vertigo, suspended her, but after a few weeks of negotiations, he relented and offered her a new contract worthy of a major star.[19] She was now receiving $3,000 a week and explained to the press, "I don't like to have anyone take advantage of me."

Kim Novak in Vertigo

Novak finally reported for work, and according to Hitchcock, she had "all sorts of preconceived notions" about her character, including what she would and would not wear.[20] Before shooting began, she told the director she did not like the grey suit and black shoes she was slated to wear, thinking them too heavy and stiff for her character. Novak later recalled, "I didn’t think it would matter to him what kind of shoes I wore. I had never had a director who was particular about the costumes, the way they were designed, the specific colors. The two things he wanted the most were those shoes and that gray suit."[18] Indeed, Hitchcock explained to Novak that the visual aspect of the film was even more important to him than the story, and insisted on her wearing the suit and the shoes that he had been planning for several months.[20] Novak learned to make it work for her, as she saw it a symbol of her character.[18] Nonetheless, Hitchcock allowed Novak the freedom to develop the character herself. As she later recalled: "It excites me to work on dual personalities because I think I have many myself. And I think that I was able to use so much of me in that movie. At first I was feeling insecure because I kept saying, "Is this right? How do you want me to play this character?" Hitchcock said: "I hired you and that's who I want, what you bring to this role. But what I do expect from you is to stand where I want you to, wear what I want you to and speak in the rhythm that I want you to." And he worked a long time with me to try to get the right rhythm."[17] The role took on a personal significance for her, as she felt she went through the same thing as her character when she arrived in Hollywood:

From my point of view, when I first read those lines where she says, "I want you to love me for me," and all the talking in that scene, I just identified with it so much because going to Hollywood as a young girl and suddenly finding they want to make you over totally, it's such a total change and it was like I was always fighting to show some of myself, feeling that I wanted to be there as well. It was like they'd do my hair and go and redo a bunch of things. So I really identified with the fact of someone that was being made over with the resentment, with wanting to. Needing approval and wanting to be loved and willing, eventually, to go to any lengths to get that by changing her hair and all of these different things. And then when Judy appears, it's another story and then when she has to go through that change. I really identified with the movie because it was saying, "Please, see who I am. Fall in love with me."[17]

Kim Novak with James Stewart in Vertigo

Novak described Hitchcock as a gentleman, but found the experience of working with him to be strange. "I don't know if he ever liked me. I never sat down with him for dinner or tea or anything, except one cast dinner, and I was late to that. It wasn't my fault, but I think he thought I had delayed to make a star entrance, and he held that against me. During the shooting, he never really told me what he was thinking."[11] The director was actually frustrated to have her instead of Vera Miles, as Novak learned later. "Hitchcock didn’t like having me in his picture and he felt I was ruining it. It was only after the film was finished that I heard how much he thought I’d wrecked his picture. I felt I did a lot of good work in that movie, and I got some of the best notices of my career. But Hitchcock couldn’t blame himself, so he blamed me."[21] Novak got along well with her co-star, James Stewart, who supported her during the filming of the movie. "He treated me so well. I learned a lot about acting from him. When we had emotional scenes, he had to prepare himself first by somehow going deep inside of himself, and you knew to leave him alone when he was like that. And when it was over, he wouldn't just walk away. He allowed himself to slowly come out of it. He'd hold my hand and I would squeeze his hand so that we both had time to come down from the emotion."[21]

Kim Novak with James Stewart in Vertigo

The film was poorly received at the time of its release in 1958, and failed at the box office, but has since been re-evaluated and is widely considered one of the director's best works. In the 2012 British Film Institute's Sight & Sound critics' poll, Vertigo was voted as the best film of all time, displacing Orson Welles' Citizen Kane from the position it had occupied since 1962.[22][23] Novak received mixed reviews for her performance, but she managed to surprise film critics. While Bosley Crowther, writing for The New York Times, described her as "really quite amazing,"[24] the Variety review noted that she was "interesting under Hitchcock’s direction" and "nearer an actress than she was in either Pal Joey or Jeanne Eagles."[25] The consensus regarding her performance also changed with time. Film critic David Thomson thought it was "one of the major female performances in the cinema"[26] and film director Martin Scorsese called it "extraordinary," adding that Novak's work was "so brave and emotionally immediate."[27] However, Novak was disappointed by her performance when she watched the film in 2013. "I was really disappointed. Both characters were exaggerated. They'll always remember me in Vertigo, and I'm not that good in it, but I don't blame me because there are a couple of scenes where I was wonderful."[28]

Career slowdown and other early ventures (1958–65)[edit]

Novak in Madrid, 1962

Novak again worked with Stewart in Richard Quine's Bell, Book and Candle (also 1958), a comedy tale of modern-day witchcraft, that proved to be a box-office success. She starred opposite Fredric March in the acclaimed Middle of the Night (1959), which she has described as not only her favorite of her films, but also cites her performance in Middle of the Night as her best.

Novak starred opposite Kirk Douglas in Strangers When We Meet (1960). Richard Quine was the director, as well as her fiancé at the time. The studio planned to give them the house that was built as part of the story line during the filming as a wedding gift, but their wedding never occurred. Instead, during the last film that Quine and she made together, The Notorious Landlady (1962) with Jack Lemmon, she discovered and purchased her future home by the sea near Big Sur, California. It became her retreat and salvation after leaving Hollywood.

She made an independent five-picture deal, with Martin Ransohoff and Filmways Pictures to co-produce, but it proved to be a bad choice due to clashes with personalities over scripts. Their first endeavor, Boys' Night Out (1962), was unsuccessful.[29][30] After her Hollywood house survived the big Bel Air fire of 1961, it was finally lost a few years later when it was swept away with most of her belongings in a mudslide in 1966.[31] During the interim, she made W. Somerset Maugham's drama Of Human Bondage (1964) with Laurence Harvey in Ireland.[32][33]

Kiss Me, Stupid (1964) followed for director Billy Wilder. Actor Peter Sellers had originally been selected, but he had suffered a heart attack, so Ray Walston substituted. Also co-starring was Dean Martin. The film had problems getting released because of conflicts with the Legion of Decency. Later it was rediscovered and acclaimed for its forward thinking and got rave reviews, particularly for Novak’s performance as "Polly the Pistol". Novak made The Amorous Adventures of Moll Flanders (1965) in England with British actor Richard Johnson.[34] Novak married Johnson in 1965 and divorced him in the spring of 1966. They remained good friends.

Acting sporadically (1966–91)[edit]

Novak in Los Angeles, 1964

By the end of 1966, she was emotionally drained and no longer wanted to live the life of a Hollywood movie star, in the glare of the spotlight with the press criticizing her every move.[35] When the mudslide took her Bel Air home and cost her entire life’s savings in bulldozer fees, she moved away from Hollywood to discover herself anew. From then on, acting became a job and was no longer a career of choice. Novak preferred to concentrate on her first love, the visual arts, often writing poetry to accompany her paintings, and even writing some song lyrics. Harry Belafonte and The Kingston Trio recorded some of her folk songs in the 1960s.[9]

Novak returned to the screen for The Legend of Lylah Clare (1968), starring Peter Finch and Ernest Borgnine, and directed by Robert Aldrich. She played a dual role, portraying a person who becomes possessed by a look-alike film actress who gets made over by her obsessive-compulsive director lover. Robert Aldrich asked Novak to do a German accent for that role, but she felt it was unbelievable and over the top, so she did not want to do it, and he never insisted. At the premiere, Novak was totally shocked to hear her voice had been dubbed by a German actress in many scenes. Aldrich had never told her, nor had he given her the opportunity to dub it herself. She was extremely upset.[16][36][37] The last film Novak made in the '60s was The Great Bank Robbery (1969), opposite Zero Mostel, Clint Walker, and Claude Akins.

After spending nearly four years she described as a "self-imposed vacation", Novak agreed to take part in two projects. She returned to the screen with a role in the horror anthology film Tales That Witness Madness (1973). Novak also starred as Las Vegas chorus girl Gloria Joyce, a character with whom she could identify, in the made-for-TV movie, The Third Girl From the Left (1973), with her real-life boyfriend at the time, Michael Brandon.[38] Novak admitted a preference for TV films as she thought they were faster to shoot than features. She described scripts of that time as offensive, saying she disliked the unnecessary sex she found in most of them. In 1975, Novak took part in the ABC movie Satan's Triangle because she liked the story which dealt in the supernatural.[39] Novak had a small role in The White Buffalo (1977), a Western starring Charles Bronson. She ended the decade by playing Helga in Just a Gigolo (1979), opposite David Bowie.

Photo of Kim Novak

In 1980, Novak played fictional actress Lola Brewster in the British mystery-thriller The Mirror Crack'd, based on the story by Agatha Christie. She co-starred alongside Angela Lansbury, Tony Curtis, Rock Hudson, and Elizabeth Taylor.
Novak did not appear in any feature films during the remainder of the 1980s. Her acting credits during the decade included the ensemble television movie Malibu[40] (1983) and the pilot episode of The New Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1985). Producers of the successful primetime soap opera Falcon Crest offered Novak a role in their series similar to her character in Vertigo.[41] She appeared as the secretive "Kit Marlowe" in 19 episodes from 1986 to 1987. It was Novak's idea to name her character Kit Marlowe, as it was the stage name that Columbia had wanted her to use when she started in the business.[42] The former Marilyn Pauline Novak wryly described this turn of events as effectively being Cohn's revenge on her from beyond the grave.

In 1989, Novak appeared along with James Stewart as a presenter at the 61st Academy Awards. Asked in the press room about a possible comeback, Novak said that if someone sent her a script she really wanted to do, with a part she felt she could not turn down, she would be happy to go back to work on the big or little screen. At the same time, Novak turned down plenty of offers for movies, as well as an opportunity to appear in a second season of Falcon Crest, to write her autobiography, tentatively titled Through My Eyes.[43] Novak decided to re-establish contact with her agent and seek challenging roles after she realized she was not satisfied artistically. She said at the time, "I feel that I didn't live up to what I should have done with it. In other words, I'm glad I made the move away from Hollywood: I don't regret that. I know that was a major thing and a good thing. But by the same token, it was like unfinished business."[44] She returned to film with the leading role of Rose Sellers in The Children (1990) opposite Ben Kingsley.[44] A British-German coproduction, the film premiered at the London Film Festival and received good reviews. Leonard Maltin praised the acting and felt Novak's performance was "excellent". However, following disputes between the director Tony Palmer and the distributor over editing and music, the film was pulled from release and never distributed.[45]

Novak in the 1980s

Director Mike Figgis offered Novak the role of a terminally ill writer with a mysterious past in his thriller Liebestraum (1991) opposite Kevin Anderson and Bill Pullman. Novak loved the script and thought it was going to be an important picture. However, her collaboration with Figgis was tense and the two had conflicts from the beginning. Novak agreed to do the film under the impression she was going to play the whole character, but Figgis felt she was unable to play the flashback role the way he wanted, and hired actress Sarah Fearon for those scenes.[44] The two clashed on the set, as their visions of the script differed and were in many ways diametrically opposed. Although she considered him to be a brilliant director, she felt the story was too personal for him, as it was about his own life, and Novak was playing his mother. She was also unhappy, as she felt he wanted her to act like a puppet. "He wanted what he thought Hitchcock had made over. But Hitchcock didn’t do that. Figgis didn’t know Hitchcock. So he treated me the way he thought Hitchcock must have, tried to manipulate me into doing exactly... I went crazy."[46] Novak later said she was hurt and distraught, as "It was such a painful thing for me because it took me right back to Harry Cohn and all that time. And back into saying, Look, for god’s sake, haven’t you heard it enough? We don’t want you to do anything. Just be 'Kim Novak.' That movie pained me more than any movie in the world could do."[46] Novak later told Movieline in 2005 she felt she had been "unprofessional" not to obey her director. "I know he thinks I'm a total bitch. That role was fabulous, full of depth. When I interpreted it the way I thought was evident in the incredible script, he said, 'We're not making a Kim Novak movie, just say the lines. If you continue to play the role this way, I'm going to cut you out of the movie,' and he pretty much did that."[47]

Novak was supposed to do a comedy with the French director Claude Berri, also starring Peter Falk, and a remake of Bell, Book and Candle with Sharon Stone.[44][48] Neither film was made, and following the difficult experience with Liebestraum, she has usually cited that experience as the reason for her decision to retire from the film industry.[49] In 2004, she told the Associated Press:

I got so burned out on that picture that I wanted to leave the business, but then if you wait long enough you think, "Oh, I miss certain things." The making of a movie is wonderful. What's difficult is afterward when you have to go around and try to sell it. The actual filming, when you have a good script—which isn't often—nothing beats it.[50]

Retirement (1992–present)[edit]

Kim Novak in 2004

After her retirement from acting, Novak has made only rare public appearances and turned down most offers she received.[51] In 1996, Vertigo was given a restoration by Robert A. Harris and James C. Katz and re-released to theaters. Novak loved their work so much, she agreed to make appearances at screenings of the film, something she originally refused when Universal asked her in 1984.[16] She also took part in Obsessed with Vertigo, a documentary retracing the making and restoration of the film. In 1997, Novak received an Honorary Golden Bear Award for lifetime achievement at the 47th Berlin International Film Festival.[52]

In 2003, Novak was presented with the Eastman Kodak Archives Award for her major contribution to film. Prior honorees include Greta Garbo, Audrey Hepburn, James Stewart, Martin Scorsese, and Meryl Streep. During that time, Novak received several offers to do some major films and to appear on high-profile television shows. She made an appearance on Larry King Live in 2004, where she stated she would consider returning to the screen "if it was the right role."[53] In 2010, Novak was the recipient of a special tribute from the American Cinematheque in Hollywood, where her films were shown at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre. She made a rare personal appearance with a Q&A onstage between showing of Pal Joey and Bell, Book and Candle, earning a two-minute-long standing ovation upon her entrance.[54]

In April 2012, Novak was honored at the TCM Classic Film Festival, where she introduced a screening of Vertigo. She joined in conversation with Robert Osborne for a Q&A session in which she discussed her career and personal life. The hour-long interview aired on TCM as Kim Novak: Live from the TCM Classic Film Festival on March 6, 2013. Novak broke down in tears while discussing Liebestraum. As she nearly sobbed in front of the audience, Novak said, "I couldn't do a movie after that. I've never done a movie after that. I just couldn't do a movie after that."[15] The interview was an eye-opener for many fans who had wondered why Novak made so few films. Acknowledging that she never reached her potential as an actress, Novak revealed to the audience that she was bipolar and explained, "I was not diagnosed until much later. I go through more of the depression than the mania part."[55] "I don't think I was ever cut out to have a Hollywood life," Novak also commented. "Did I do the right thing, leaving? Did I walk out when I shouldn't have? That's when I get sad."[55] On the possibility of acting again, Novak said in another interview, with the fashion website LifeGoesStrong, "Who knows what the future holds? It would take an awful lot to lure me out there, but I would never say never."[56] Also during the TCM Festival, Novak was honored in a handprint and footprint ceremony at Grauman's Chinese Theatre.[57] That same year, Novak received the San Francisco Cinematic Icon Award from the San Francisco Museum and Historical Society.[58]

Kim Novak in 2014

After years of seclusion, Novak started to make public appearances more frequently as she felt her body of work was being more appreciated.[59] In 2013, she was recognized as the guest of honor by the Cannes Film Festival and attended the 2013 Festival, where she introduced a new restored version of Vertigo.[60] She also took part in the festival’s closing ceremony as a presenter, earning a standing ovation upon her entrance.[61] In 2014, she was a presenter at the 86th Academy Awards. That same year, she appeared at the TCM Classic Film Festival, where she unveiled her painting Vertigo / Vortex of Delusion commissioned by the TCM network as part of their 20th anniversary. [62] Novak also introduced a screening of her 1958 movie, Bell Book and Candle, during the Festival. Also in 2014, Novak was invited by Cunard Line to be a speaker onboard during a New York-to-London cruise on RMS Queen Mary 2. She introduced screenings of Vertigo and Bell, Book and Candle, and did a Q&A session with Hollywood expert Sue Cameron, who is also her manager.[63] That same year, Novak appeared with both of her art mentors, Harley Brown and Richard McKinley, for a solo show of her paintings at the Butler Institute of American Art.[64]

In 2015, Novak attended the 22nd Febiofest international film festival, where she received the Kristián Award for her contribution to world cinema and also had an exhibition of her paintings at the Strahov Monastery.[65] She hosted special screenings of Vertigo featuring live performances of Bernard Herrmann's score by members of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival[66] and by members of the San Francisco Symphony at the Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall in 2016.[67] Also in 2016, Novak was invited by Turner Classic Movies to be a guest on their Caribbean Cruise where she sold five of her paintings and was able to raise nearly $7,000 for the prevention of teenage suicide with the auction of a framed giclée of her.[68]

In 2018, Novak joined in conversation with Larry King for a Q&A session at the Grauman's Egyptian Theatre, in celebration of Vertigo's 60th Anniversary.[69] That same year, she was the recipient of a special tribute from the Castro Theatre, A Tribute to Living Legend Kim Novak.[70]

Honors[edit]

Novak was honored in a handprint and footprint ceremony at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in 2012.

In 1955, Novak won the Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer – Female. Two years later she won another Golden Globe for World Favorite Female Actress. On February 8, 1960, Novak was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 6332 Hollywood Boulevard.[71] In 1995, Novak was ranked 92nd by Empire Magazine on a list of the 100 sexiest stars in film history. Novak was honored with a Golden Bear for Lifetime Achievement at the 47th Berlin International Film Festival in 1997 and was presented with the Eastman Kodak Archives Award for her major contribution to film in 2003. In 2012, Novak was honored in a handprint and footprint ceremony at Grauman's Chinese Theatre.[57] That same year, she received the S.F. Cinematic Icon Award from the San Francisco Museum and Historical Society for her screen contributions in San Francisco with Pal Joey and Vertigo. Her contribution to world cinema was also rewarded with the Kristián Award she was given at the 22nd Febiofest international film festival in 2015.

Novak influenced many actors, as well as fashion designers with the roles she played. Naomi Watts stated that her character interpretation in Mulholland Drive (2001) was influenced by the look and performances of Novak in Vertigo.[72] Renée Zellweger said that Novak was "pure magic" and dressed up as her character from Vertigo for a photo shoot for March 2008 issue of Vanity Fair.[73] Nicole Kidman wrote Novak a letter saying she was "an inspiration to me and to women everywhere. Your cinematic body of work speaks for yourself, but so does the other side of Kim Novak – the free spirit who left Hollywood to live atop the hills of Big Sur. Kim Novak the painter and llama farmer. You are an icon whose screen presence is unmatched, and yet you’ve lived your life with dignity and authenticity, and the courage to follow your heart wherever it takes you."[74] In 2005, British fashion designer Alexander McQueen named his first It Bag The Novak, saying, "I'm drawn to Kim Novak in the same way that Hitchcock was. She had an air of uptightness you wouldn't want to cross."[75]

Personal life[edit]

Novak's first marriage was to English actor Richard Johnson. It lasted 13 months, from March 15, 1965 to April 23, 1966. The two remained friends afterwards.[9]

After her engagement to director Richard Quine, much was made of her relationships with Sammy Davis, Jr., and Ramfis Trujillo, the adopted son of the Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo.[12] She dated Frank Sinatra, Richard Beymer, and actor Michael Brandon.[76] A BBC documentary claimed that Columbia Studios chief, Harry Cohn, to end her relationship with a black man, had mobsters threaten Sammy Davis, Jr., with blinding or having his legs broken, if he did not marry a black woman within 48 hours.[77]

A private photo of Kim Novak taken by her husband Robert Malloy

In the 1960s, Novak left Hollywood for Big Sur, where she raised horses and painted, making an occasional film. In 1974, she met her present husband, equine veterinarian Robert Malloy, when he made a house call after one of her Arabian mares suffered colic.[4] They have been together ever since, and married on March 12, 1976. As a result of her marriage, she has two adult stepchildren.[78] The couple built a log home along the Williamson River near Chiloquin, Oregon.

In 1997, Novak bought a 43-acre ranch in Sams Valley, Oregon, which they made into their home.[1] Novak took classes in painting with pastels from artists Harley Brown and Richard McKinley. In July 2000, their home burned to the ground, and she lost all her art and the only draft of the autobiography she had been working on for 10 years.[1]

In 2006, Novak was injured in a horse-riding accident. She suffered a punctured lung, broken ribs, and nerve damage, but made a full recovery within a year.[79]

In October 2010, her manager, Sue Cameron, reported that Novak had been diagnosed with breast cancer. Cameron also noted that Novak is "undergoing treatment" and "her doctors say she is in fantastic physical shape and should recover very well." Upon completion of treatment, Novak was declared cancer-free.[80]

In 2014, after Novak's rare public appearance at the 86th Academy Awards, the media and social commentary indicated she was hardly recognizable, which resulted in speculation that she had undertaken substantial cosmetic surgery.[81] Novak was devastated by the criticism — "It really did throw me into a tailspin and it hit me hard," and wrote an open letter in which she stood up to all of her Oscar-night "bullies."[82] Novak admitted that she "had fat injections in my face" as she felt "they seemed far less invasive than a face-lift," but later regretted it, "So why did I do it? I trusted somebody doing what I thought they knew how to do best. I should have known better, but what do you do? We do some stupid things in our lives."[51]

Novak continues her creative endeavors today as a photographer, poet, and visual artist who paints in watercolor, oil, and pastel. Her paintings are impressionistic and surrealistic.[83]

Filmography[edit]

Tippi Hedren and Kim Novak, 2014
Novak at 86th Academy Awards (2014)
Film
Year Title Role Notes
1954 The French Line Model Uncredited
1954 Pushover Lona McLane
1954 Phffft Janis
1955 Son of Sinbad Harem Girl Uncredited
1955 5 Against the House Kay Greylek
1955 Picnic Marjorie "Madge" Owens
1955 The Man with the Golden Arm Molly
1956 The Eddy Duchin Story Marjorie Oelrichs
1957 Jeanne Eagels Jeanne Eagels
1957 Pal Joey Linda English
1958 Vertigo Judy Barton / Madeleine Elster
1958 Bell, Book and Candle Gillian "Gil" Holroyd
1959 Middle of the Night Betty Preisser
1960 Strangers When We Meet Margaret "Maggie" Gault
1960 Pepe Cameo
1962 The Notorious Landlady Mrs. Carlyle "Carly" Hardwicke
1962 Boys' Night Out Cathy
1964 Of Human Bondage Mildred Rogers
1964 Kiss Me, Stupid Polly the Pistol
1965 The Amorous Adventures of Moll Flanders Moll Flanders
1968 The Legend of Lylah Clare Lylah Clare/Elsa Brinkmann/Elsa Campbell
1969 The Great Bank Robbery Sister Lyda Kebanov
1973 Tales That Witness Madness Auriol Pageant Segment #4 "Luau"
1973 The Third Girl from the Left Gloria Joyce Television film
1975 Satan's Triangle Eva Television film
1977 The White Buffalo Mrs. Poker Jenny Schermerhorn Alternative title: Hunt to Kill
1979 Just a Gigolo Helga von Kaiserling
1980 The Mirror Crack'd Lola Brewster
1983 Malibu Billie Farnsworth Television film
1985 Alfred Hitchcock Presents Rosa Segment: "Man from the South"
1986–87 Falcon Crest Kit Marlowe 19 episodes
1990 The Children Rose Sellars
1991 Liebestraum Lillian Anderson Munnsen Final film appearance (to date)

Awards and nominations[edit]

Year Award Category Title of work Result
1955 Golden Globe Award Most Promising Newcomer - Female Phffft Won
1956 Photoplay Awards Most Popular Female Star
–
 Won
1957 Golden Globe Award World Film Favorite - Female
–
 Won
BAFTA Awards Best Foreign Actress Picnic Nominated
Golden Apple Award Most Cooperative Actress
–
 Won
1960 Hollywood Walk of Fame Motion Picture Star
–
 Won
1958 Laurel Awards Top Female Star
–
 3rd Place
1959 Laurel Awards Top Female Star
–
 12th Place
1960 Laurel Awards Top Female Star
–
 8th Place
1961 Laurel Awards Top Female Star
–
 6th Place
1962 Laurel Awards Top Female Star
–
 13th Place
1963 Laurel Awards Top Female Star
–
 11th Place
1997 47th Berlin International Film Festival Honorary Golden Bear Award
–
 Won
2003 George Eastman Museum George Eastman Award
–
 Won
2012 San Francisco Museum and Historical Society S.F. Cinematic Icon Award
–
 Won
2015 Febiofest Kristián Award
–
 Won

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Mail Tribune, July 25, 2000: Kim Novak's home burns Archived August 13, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. Relinked 2014-06-20
  2. ^ TV Guide, March 5, 2013: Reclusive Film Legend Kim Novak Opens Up About Life, Regrets and Her TCM Tribute Relinked 2014-06-20
  3. ^ SFGate, August 29, 2010: Kim Novak surfaces to retrace past in boxed set Relinked 2014-06-20
  4. ^ a b Chicago Tribune, July 29, 2010: Kim Novak: The road from Chicago[permanent dead link] Relinked 2014-06-20
  5. ^ a b Larry Kleno (1980). Kim Novak ("On Camera" series). A.S. Barnes. p. 16. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  6. ^ Kashner, Sam; Jennifer Macnair (2003). The bad & the beautiful: Hollywood in the fifties. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 200. Retrieved February 23, 2010.
  7. ^ a b Stephen M. Silverman (October 21, 1996). "Animal Magnetism – Personal Success, Kim Novak". People Magazine. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
  8. ^ Rosenbaum, Jonathan (2010) [2006], "Kim Novak as Midwestern Independent" (Goodbye Cinema, Hello Cinephilia), University of Chicago Press, ISBN 9780226726656, retrieved June 11, 2016[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ a b c d Cameron, Sue. "Kim Novak, Elusive Legend". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on May 1, 2014. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
  10. ^ https://www.wsj.com/articles/kim-novaks-favorite-things-1465914295
  11. ^ a b Ebert, Roger (17 October 1996). "Kim Novak on Hitchcock, Hollywood". RogerEbert.Com. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  12. ^ a b :71–74
  13. ^ Turnquist, Kristi (31 July 2010). "Interview with actress Kim Novak, who lives in Oregon and is revisiting her cinematic past". The Oregonian. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  14. ^ Kim Novak: Live from the TCM Classic Film Festival
  15. ^ a b Stated in live interview with Robert Osborne; aired on Turner Classic Movies March 6, 2013.
  16. ^ a b c Shales, Tom (October 14, 1996). "Kim Novak: No Fear of Falling". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
  17. ^ a b c "Obsessed with Vertigo" (1996), directed by Harrison Engle, documentary included on many DVD releases
  18. ^ a b c Rebello, Stephen (April 17, 2004). "Interview with Kim Novak". labyrinth.net.au. Archived from the original on July 7, 2014. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
  19. ^ Thomas, Bob (November 27, 1957). "Kim Novak Explains Her Sit-Down Strike". The Miami News. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
  20. ^ a b Truffaut, François (1993). Hitchcock / Truffaut (Édition définitive). Éditions Gallimard. p. 277. ISBN 2-07-073574-5.
  21. ^ a b Munn, Michael (2006). Jimmy Stewart: The Truth Behind The Legend. Fort Lee, New Jersey: Barricade Books Inc. p. 237. ISBN 1-56980-310-2.
  22. ^ "Vertigo is named 'greatest film of all time'". BBC News. 2 August 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-18.
  23. ^ "BFI's Sight & Sound Critics' poll 2012". BFI. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
  24. ^ Crowther, Bosley (May 29, 1958). "Vertigo,' Hitchcock's Latest; Melodrama Arrives at the Capitol". The New York Times. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
  25. ^ Variety Staff (1958). "Review: 'Vertigo'". Variety. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
  26. ^ David Thomson The New Biographical Dictionary of Film, London: Little, Brown, 2002, p. 640
  27. ^ Scorsese, Martin (March 5, 1999). "Why Vertigo is truly great". The Guardian. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
  28. ^ Boedeker, Hal (April 17, 2004). "Kim Novak: A talk with TCM's Star of the Month". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2013.
  29. ^ Ben Mankiewicz, Turner Classic Movies, aired July 26, 2009.
  30. ^ Nixon, Rob. "Boys' Night Out (1962)". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  31. ^ Ryfle, Steve (Mar 19, 2001). "NEWSMAKERS: 'Vertigo' Star's Home Burns". Hollywood.com. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
  32. ^ Graham, Sheila (October 12, 1963). "Hollywood Today". The Virgin Islands Daily News. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  33. ^ Wilson, Earl (October 23, 1964). "Ho, Hum, Kim Is In Love Again". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  34. ^ "Most Popular Film Star." Times [London, England] 31 December 1965: 13. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 16 September 2013.
  35. ^ IMDb Bio
  36. ^ Miller, Frank. "The Legend of Lylah Clare (1968)". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  37. ^ Rushfield, Richard (January 22, 2006). "The Lost Picture Show: Kim Novak's Forgotten Shoot". richardrushfield.com. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  38. ^ "Screenplay Lures Kim Novak". The Robesonian. October 14, 1973. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  39. ^ Thomas, Bob (January 9, 1975). "Kim Novak Spends Most Of Her Time Away From Hollywood". Lewiston Evening Journal. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  40. ^ Goodman, Walter (January 23, 1983). "TV: 'MALIBU,' FOUR HOURS, TWO PARTS". The New York Times.
  41. ^ "Actress Kim Novak Ponders Her Future On TV's Falcon Crest". The Toledo Blade. June 16, 1987. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
  42. ^ "Kim Novak name on 'Falcon Crest' has a trivia story". The Free Lance–Star. June 16, 1987. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
  43. ^ Buck, Jerry (March 15, 1987). "Kim Novak Ponders Her Future On 'Falcon Crest'". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
  44. ^ a b c d Forsberg, Myra (August 19, 1990). "FILM; Once Again, Ready on the Set For Kim Novak". The New York Times. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
  45. ^ Mattlin, Meredith (July 6, 2015). "We May Finally Get to See This Lost Film Starring Sir Ben Kingsley and Kim Novak". Indiewire. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  46. ^ a b Sheehan, Henry (1996). "Kim Novak". Henry Sheehan. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
  47. ^ Smith, Liz (August 5, 2005). "Excite - Liz Smith". excite.com. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  48. ^ Lumenick, Lou (August 2, 2010). "Outtakes: Kim Novak — 'I bet you never did drugs'". New York Post. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  49. ^ Kim Novak surfaces to retrace past in boxed set
  50. ^ Thomas, Bob (May 14, 2004). "Rustic Oregon life is a real picnic for Kim Novak". seattlepi.com. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  51. ^ a b Stein, Ruthe (October 14, 2013). "Kim Novak returning to S.F. to share her art". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  52. ^ "Berlinale: 1997 Prize Winners". Berlinale. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
  53. ^ "Interview With Kim Novak". CNN. 26 May 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2004.
  54. ^ "Platinum Career: A Tribute to Kim Novak". 2010. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
  55. ^ a b "Kim Novak says she's bipolar, regrets leaving Hollywood". Los Angeles Times. April 13, 2012.
  56. ^ Kim Novak: Her Tips on Aging, Lasting Beauty and Life Advice Archived April 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  57. ^ a b "'Vertigo' Star Kim Novak to Be Honored at TCM Classic Film Festival". The Hollywood Reporter. March 6, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  58. ^ "Kim Novak tribute at Old Mint". Sfgate. July 9, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
  59. ^ Meline, Gabe (February 10, 2016). "Kim Novak Opens Up: 'I Think I'm Appreciated More Now'". KQED. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
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  61. ^ "Todd McCarthy's Cannes Awards Analysis". The Hollywood Reporter. 26 May 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
  62. ^ NovaK, Kim. "Vertigo / Vortex of Delusion". KimNovakArtist.com. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  63. ^ "CUNARD TO WELCOME KIM NOVAK ABOARD QUEEN MARY 2 THIS JULY". Cruise Line. 26 May 2013. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
  64. ^ "Kim Novak: Pastel Paintings - Butler Institute of American Art". Youngstown Live. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
  65. ^ Johnston, Raymond (March 21, 2015). "Kim Novak shows her paintings at Strahov". The Prague Post. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  66. ^ "TIFF on Sept. 20: Kim Novak hosts Alfred Hitchcock, and TIFF People's Choice". Febiofest. 20 September 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  67. ^ "Kim Novak offers perspectives on 'Vertigo'". The San Francisco Examiner. 9 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  68. ^ Novak, Kim (March 22, 2016). "Kim Novak's Caribbean TCM cruise". Facebook. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
  69. ^ AmericanCinematheque [@SidGrauman] (May 17, 2018). ""Thank you Kim and Larry for a fantastic evening! Now for Vertigo in 70mm (a print that came in from the UK). Trivia: PAL JOEY co-starring Kim Novak originally premiered at the Egyptian Theatre. Kim Novak is part of our history many times over."" (Tweet). Retrieved May 26, 2016 – via Twitter.
  70. ^ Bravo, Tony (May 21, 2018). "'Vertigo' star Kim Novak talks Hitchcock, #MeToo at sold-out Castro celebration". The San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
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  72. ^ "Naomi Watts interview". Lynchnet.com. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
  73. ^ "The Hitchcock Hollywood Portfolio". Vanity Fair. March 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
  74. ^ Striegel, Steve (May 2, 2012). "TCM Fest 2012 – The Whirlpool in Kim Novak's Eyes". International Cinephile Society. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
  75. ^ "How The Times tracked Alexander McQueen's career". The Times. London. February 11, 2010. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  76. ^ According to his official website, michaelbrandon.net
  77. ^ December 2014 BBC Documentary, Sammy Davis, Jr. "The Kid in the middle"
  78. ^ CNN, January 5, 2004: Larry King Live: Interview With Kim Novak (transcript) Relinked 2014-06-20
  79. ^ Army Archerd: "Novak talks of quitting" (July 24, 1967)
  80. ^ Johnston, Alex (October 19, 2010). "Kim Novak, Star of 1958's 'Vertigo,' Has Cancer". The Epoch Times. Archived from the original on October 23, 2010. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
  81. ^ McDonald, Soraya Nadia (April 18, 2014). "Kim Novak responds to post-Oscars ridicule: 'I was bullied.'". Washington Post. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
  82. ^ Novak, Kim (April 17, 2014). "KIM NOVAK SPEAKS OUT ABOUT OSCAR BULLYING". Facebook. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
  83. ^ Kim Novak's official artist website Linked March 21, 2014

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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