Kingdom of Holland
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The Kingdom of Holland was the short-lived successor state of the Batavian Republic. It was created by Napoleon Bonaparte in March 1806 in order to strengthen control over the Netherlands by replacing
Louis Bonaparte arriving in Amsterdam on 20 April 1808
Louis Bonaparte visiting Leiden after the gunpowder disaster
Joannes van Deutecum Leo Belgicus 1650 published by Claes Jansz Visscher Amsterdam
First French Empire
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The French Empire, known retroactively as the First French Empire, and colloquially as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of conti
Kingdom of Holland
…replacing the republican government with a monarchy. Since becoming emperor in 1804, Napoleon sought to extirpate republican sympathy in territories France controlled, and placed his third brother, Louis Bonaparte, on the throne of the puppet kingdom. In 1807, the adjacent German regions of East Frisia and…
The Battle of Austerlitz, 2nd December 1805, by François Gérard
Napoleon reviewing the Imperial Guard before the Battle of Jena, 1806
Aftermath of the Battle of Eylau, 1807
Napoleon demanded that Alexander I of Russia and Frederick William III of Prussia meet him at Tilsit in July 1807.