Kingdom of Holland
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The Kingdom of Holland was the short-lived successor state of the Batavian Republic. It was created by Napoleon Bonaparte in March 1806 in order to strengthen control over the Netherlands by replacing
Louis Bonaparte arriving in Amsterdam on 20 April 1808
Louis Bonaparte visiting Leiden after the gunpowder disaster
Joannes van Deutecum Leo Belgicus 1650 published by Claes Jansz Visscher Amsterdam
Louis Bonaparte
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Louis Bonaparte was a younger brother of Napoleon I, Emperor of the French. He was a monarch in his own right from 1806 to 1810, ruling over the Kingdom of Holland. In that capacity, he was known as L
Kingdom of Holland
…monarchy. Since becoming emperor in 1804, Napoleon sought to extirpate republican sympathy in territories France controlled, and placed his third brother, Louis Bonaparte, on the throne of the puppet kingdom. In 1807, the adjacent German regions of East Frisia and Jever were added to the kingdom. In 1809, after the…
Portrait of Louis Bonaparte by Charles Howard Hodges, 1809
Louis Bonaparte, Constable of the Empire by François Gérard, 1806
Louis defends Dutch independence against Napoleon. Painted by ten Kate
Portrait of Louis Bonaparte in Rome after his abdication, wearing the uniform of a Dutch cavalry general (Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein, c. 1813)