Mirage 27 (Perry)
The Mirage 27 is a Canadian sailboat, designed by American Robert Perry and first built in 1982. The design is out of production; the boat was built by Mirage Yachts in Canada. It is not related to the Mirage 27 designed by Peter Schmidt, another design built by Mirage under the same name; the Mirage 27 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has an internally-mounted spade-type rudder and a fixed fin keel; the boat is a derivative of the Perry-designed Mirage 26, modified with a reverse transom and a spade-type rudder. This design replaced the Perry-designed Mirage 26 in the company line; the design has a length overall of 27.92 ft, a waterline length of 21.67 ft, displaces 5,200 lb and carries 2,200 lb of ballast. The boat has a draft of 4.33 ft with the standard keel. The boat has a hull speed of 6.24 kn. In a review Michael McGoldrick wrote, "these are good looking boats with a sensible and comfortable interior; the Mirage 26 was the first of these two models to be built.
It had a quasi transom mounted rudder. Because of its longer waterline, the Mirage 27 is the faster of the two boats." List of sailing boat typesSimilar sailboats Aloha 27 Cal 27 Cal 2-27 Cal 3-27 Catalina 27 Catalina 270 Catalina 275 Sport C&C 27 Crown 28 CS 27 Express 27 Fantasia 27 Hotfoot 27 Hullmaster 27 Hunter 27 Hunter 27-2 Hunter 27-3 Mirage 27 Mirage 275 Orion 27-2 Media related to Mirage 27 at Wikimedia Commons
Bayfield 25
The Bayfield 25 is a Canadian "pocket cruiser" sailboat, designed by Ted Gozzard and first built in 1975. The boat was built by the Bayfield Boat Yard between 1975 and 1984 in Bayfield, Canada, but it is now out of production; the design was known as the Bayfield 23 later in 1975 it was advertised as the Bayfield 23/25 and in 1976 as the Bayfield 25. The Bayfield 25 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with teak wood trim, it has a masthead sloop rig, a bowsprit, wooden decorative trailboards on the bow, a keel-mounted rudder and a fixed long keel. Steering is by a tiller with a wheel optional, it carries 1,300 lb of ballast. The boat has a draft of 2.92 ft with the standard keel. It is fitted with a Petters diesel engine of 7.5 hp. Features include an anchor locker, internal halyards, a 4:1 aft mainsheet with a traveller, slab-reefing, jib tracks and two cockpit jib winches. A halyard winch was a factory option. Accommodation consists of a "V"-berth in the bow, twin settee berths and a starboard berth that runs under the vanity and locker.
An alcohol-fired stove stores under the starboard berth. The head is located on the port side and includes a 20 U. S. gallons holding tank. The boat has a PHRF racing average handicap of 261 with a high of 261 and low of 270, it has a hull speed of 5.94 kn. A 2014 review of the design in Sail Magazine said, "the Bayfield 25 is well known for its 1,500-pound full keel that draws less than 3 feet, shippy-looking miniature bowsprit and comfortable living spaces that provide 6 feet of standing headroom."Owner Barb Constans said of the design, "She's a great boat. She's faster than our 31 was, she can go out in 25 to 30 knots with two reefs in the main, she handles waves well. We're pleased with her."In a review Michael McGoldrick wrote, "The Bayfield 25 fits many people's definition of a true pocket cruising sailboat. It has a miniature bowsprit and shoal draft full-keel, it comes complete with a diesel engine and livable interior with standing headroom. Not bad for a boat whose length is more like 24 feet, if you don't count the bowsprit.
This boat does, have a small cockpit. Another drawback is. Many cruising sailboats sacrifice some performance in favour of comfort and livability, these tend to be more noticeable on smaller designs. On the other hand, Bayfield sailors will be out enjoying strong winds when many other boats will be heading back to port." List of sailing boat typesRelated development Bayfield 30/32Similar sailboats Beachcomber 25 Beneteau First 25.7 Beneteau First 25S Beneteau First 260 Spirit C&C 25 C&C 25 Redline Cal 25 Cal 2-25 Capri 25 Catalina 25 Catalina 250 Dufour 1800 Freedom 25 Hunter 25.5 Kelt 7.6 Kirby 25 MacGregor 25 Merit 25 Mirage 25 Northern 25 O'Day 25 Outlaw 26 Tanzer 25 US Yachts US 25 Media related to Bayfield 25 at Wikimedia Commons
Rudder
A rudder is a primary control surface used to steer a ship, submarine, aircraft, or other conveyance that moves through a fluid medium. On an aircraft the rudder is used to counter adverse yaw and p-factor and is not the primary control used to turn the airplane. A rudder operates by redirecting the fluid past the hull or fuselage, thus imparting a turning or yawing motion to the craft. In basic form, a rudder is a flat plane or sheet of material attached with hinges to the craft's stern, tail, or after end. Rudders are shaped so as to minimize hydrodynamic or aerodynamic drag. On simple watercraft, a tiller—essentially, a stick or pole acting as a lever arm—may be attached to the top of the rudder to allow it to be turned by a helmsman. In larger vessels, pushrods, or hydraulics may be used to link rudders to steering wheels. In typical aircraft, the rudder is operated by pedals via mechanical hydraulics. A rudder is "part of the steering apparatus of a boat or ship, fastened outside the hull", denoting all different types of oars and rudders.
More the steering gear of ancient vessels can be classified into side-rudders and stern-mounted rudders, depending on their location on the ship. A third term, steering oar, can denote both types. In a Mediterranean context, side-rudders are more called quarter-rudders as the term designates more the place where the rudder was mounted. Stern-mounted rudders are uniformly suspended at the back of the ship in a central position. Although some classify a steering oar as a rudder, others argue that the steering oar used in ancient Egypt and Rome was not a true rudder and define only the stern-mounted rudder used in ancient Han China as a true rudder; the steering oar has the capacity to interfere with handling of the sails while it was fit more for small vessels on narrow, rapid-water transport. In regards to the ancient Phoenician use of the steering oar without a rudder in the Mediterranean, Leo Block writes: A single sail tends to turn a vessel in an upwind or downwind direction, rudder action is required to steer a straight course.
A steering oar was used at this time. With a single sail, a frequent movement of the steering oar was required to steer a straight course; the second sail, located forward, could be trimmed to offset the turning tendency of the main sail and minimize the need for course corrections by the steering oar, which would have improved sail performance. The steering oar or steering board is an oversized oar or board to control the direction of a ship or other watercraft prior to the invention of the rudder, it is attached to the starboard side in larger vessels, though in smaller ones it is if attached. Rowing oars set aside for steering appeared on large Egyptian vessels long before the time of Menes. In the Old Kingdom as many as five steering oars are found on each side of passenger boats; the tiller, at first a small pin run through the stock of the steering oar, can be traced to the fifth dynasty. Both the tiller and the introduction of an upright steering post abaft reduced the usual number of necessary steering oars to one each side.
Single steering oars put on the stern can be found in a number of tomb models of the time during the Middle Kingdom when tomb reliefs suggests them employed in Nile navigation. The first literary reference appears in the works of the Greek historian Herodotus, who had spent several months in Egypt: "They make one rudder, this is thrust through the keel" meaning the crotch at the end of the keel. In Iran, oars mounted on the side of ships for steering are documented from the 3rd millennium BCE in artwork, wooden models, remnants of actual boats. Roman navigation used sexillie quarter steering oars that went in the Mediterranean through a long period of constant refinement and improvement, so that by Roman times ancient vessels reached extraordinary sizes; the strength of the steering oar lay in its combination of effectiveness and simpleness. Roman quarter steering oar mounting systems survived intact through the medieval period. By the first half of the 1st century AD, steering gear mounted on the stern were quite common in Roman river and harbour craft as proved from reliefs and archaeological finds.
A tomb plaque of Hadrianic age shows a harbour tug boat in Ostia with a long stern-mounted oar for better leverage. The boat featured a spritsail, adding to the mobility of the harbour vessel. Further attested Roman uses of stern-mounted steering oars includes barges under tow, transport ships for wine casks, diverse other ship types; the well-known Zwammerdam find, a large river barge at the mouth of the Rhine, featured a large steering gear mounted on the stern. According to new research, the advanced Nemi ships, the palace barges of emperor Caligula, may have featured 14 m long rudders; the world's oldest known depiction of a sternpost-mounted rudder can be seen on a pottery model of a Chinese junk dating from the 1st century AD during the Han Dynasty, predating their appearance in the West by a thousand years. In China, miniature models of ships t
Keel
On boats and ships, the keel is either of two parts: a structural element that sometimes resembles a fin and protrudes below a boat along the central line, or a hydrodynamic element. These parts overlap; as the laying down of the keel is the initial step in the construction of a ship, in British and American shipbuilding traditions the construction is dated from this event. Only the ship's launching is considered more significant in its creation; the word can be used as a synecdoche to refer to a complete boat, such as a keelboat. The adjustable centerboard keel traces its roots to the medieval Chinese Song dynasty. Many Song Chinese junk ships had a ballasted and bilge keel that consisted of wooden beams bound together with iron hoops. Maritime technology and the technological know-how allowed Song dynasty ships to be used in naval warfare between the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin dynasty, the Mongols. A structural keel is the bottom-most structural member; the keel runs from the bow to the stern.
The keel is the first part of a ship's hull to be constructed, laying the keel, or placing the keel in the cradle in which the ship will be built may mark the start time of its construction. Large, modern ships are now built in a series of pre-fabricated, complete hull sections rather than being built around a single keel, so shipbuilding process commences with cutting the first sheet of steel; the most common type of keel is the "flat plate keel", this is fitted in the majority of ocean-going ships and other vessels. A form of keel found on smaller vessels is the "bar keel", which may be fitted in trawlers and smaller ferries. Where grounding is possible, this type of keel is suitable with its massive scantlings, but there is always a problem of the increased draft with no additional cargo capacity. If a double bottom is fitted, the keel is inevitably of the flat plate type, bar keels being associated with open floors, where the plate keel may be fitted. Duct keels are provided in the bottom of some vessels.
These run from the forward engine room bulkhead to the collision bulkhead and are utilized to carry the double bottom piping. The piping is accessible when cargo is loaded; the keel surface on the bottom of the hull gives the ship greater directional stability. In non-sailing hulls, the keel helps the hull to move forward, rather than slipping to the side. In traditional boat building, this is provided by the structural keel, which projects from the bottom of the hull along most or all of its length. In modern construction, the bar keel or flat-plate keel performs the same function. There are many types of fixed keels, including full keels, long keels, fin keels, winged keels, bulb keels, bilge keels among other designs. Deep-draft ships will have a flat bottom and employ only bilge keels, both to aid directional control and to damp rolling motions In sailboats, keels use the forward motion of the boat to generate lift to counteract the leeward force of the wind; the rudimentary purpose of the keel is to convert the sideways motion of the wind when it is abeam into forward motion.
A secondary purpose of the keel is to provide ballast. Keels are different from centreboards and other types of foils in that keels are made of heavy materials to provide ballast to stabilize the boat. Keels may be fixed, or non-movable. Retracting keels may pivot or slide upwards to retract, are retracted with a winch due to the weight of the ballast. Since the keel provides far more stability when lowered than when retracted, the amount of sail carried is reduced when sailing with the keel retracted. Types of non-fixed keels include canting keels. Canting keels can be found on racing yachts, such as those competing in the Volvo Ocean Race, they provide more righting moment as the keel moves out to the windward-side of the boat while using less weight. The horizontal distance from the weight to the pivot is increased, which generates a larger righting moment; the word "keel" comes from Old English cēol, Old Norse kjóll, = "ship" or "keel". It has the distinction of being regarded by some scholars as the first word in the English language recorded in writing, having been recorded by Gildas in his 6th century Latin work De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, under the spelling cyulae.
Carina is the origin of the term careen. An example of this use is Careening Cove, a suburb of Sydney, where careening was carried out in early colonial days. Coin ceremony Kelson False keel Daggerboard Leeboard Bilgeboard Bruce foil Keelhauling – an archaic maritime punishment Rousmaniere, The Annapolis Book of Seamanship, Simon & Schuster, 1999 Chapman Book of Piloting, Hearst Corporation, 1999 Herreshoff, The Sailor’s Handbook, Little Brown and Company Seidman, The Complete Sailor, International Marine, 1995 Jobson, Sailing Fundamentals, Simon & Schuster, 1987
MacGregor 25
The MacGregor 25 is an American trailerable sailboat, designed by Roger MacGregor and first built in 1973. The boat was built by MacGregor Yacht Corporation in the United States between 1973 and 1987, but it is now out of production. During its 14-year production run 7000 examples were completed; the MacGregor 25 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop masthead sloop rig, a transom-hung rudder and a fixed stub keel with a centerboard, it carries 625 lb of ballast. Starting in 1980, a number of boats were built with a masthead sloop rig, known as the MacGregor 25 MH; the boat has a draft of 5.67 ft with the centreboard extended and 1.50 ft with it retracted, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer. The boat is fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering; the masthead rigged version has a PHRF racing average handicap of 231 with a high of 246 and low of 222. All models have a hull speed of 6.43 kn.
The MacGregor 25 was inducted into the now-defunct Sail America American Sailboat Hall of Fame in 2000. In honoring the design, the hall cited, "Henry Ford is credited with bringing the automobile to the common man. Roger MacGregor, a one-time Ford employee, may well be credited with doing the same thing for the cruising sailboat; the popular MacGregor 25 was the flagship of his line for 14 years. With a swinging keel - a MacGregor invention - that made transporting and launching the boat a snap, a price that hovered around the cost of a new car, the MacGregor 25 opened up coastal and inland sailing to thousands." List of sailing boat typesRelated development MacGregor 26Similar sailboats Beachcomber 25 Bayfield 25 Beneteau First 25.7 Beneteau First 25S Beneteau First 260 Spirit C&C 25 Cal 25 Cal 2-25 Capri 25 Catalina 25 Catalina 250 Dufour 1800 Freedom 25 Hunter 25 Hunter 25.5 Jouët 760 Kelt 7.6 Kirby 25 Merit 25 Mirage 25 Northern 25 O'Day 25 Redline 25 Tanzer 25 US Yachts US 25 Media related to MacGregor 25 at Wikimedia Commons
Tanzer 25
The Tanzer 25 is a Canadian sailboat, designed by the French company of Joubert-Nivelt and first built in 1986. The design is out of production. Production of the boat was commenced in 1986 by Tanzer Industries of Quebec; the company entered bankruptcy in May of that same production ended. The Tanzer 25 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim, it has a fractional sloop rig, a transom-hung rudder and a fixed fin keel or optionally, a shoal-draft keel. It carries 1,650 lb of ballast; the boat was built with a standard keel that gives a draft of 4.70 ft. A shoal-draft keel with a draft of 2.82 ft, was a factory option. The boat has a PHRF racing average handicap of 180 with a high of 174 and low of 189, it has a hull speed of 6.26 kn. List of sailing boat typesSimilar sailboats Beachcomber 25 Bayfield 25 Beneteau First 25.7 Beneteau First 25S Beneteau First 260 Spirit Cal 25 Cal 2-25 C&C 25 Capri 25 Catalina 25 Catalina 250 Dufour 1800 Freedom 25 Hunter 25.5 Jouët 760 Kirby 25 Kelt 7.6 O'Day 25 MacGregor 25 Merit 25 Mirage 25 Northern 25 Redline 25 US Yachts US 25 Media related to Tanzer 25 at Wikimedia Commons
Redline 25
The Redline 25, sometimes called the C&C 25 Redline, is a Canadian sailboat, designed by C&C Design and first built in 1969. C&C built an unrelated design with a similar name, the C&C 25; the boat was built by Bruckman Manufacturing in Canada starting in 1969. Bruckman became part of C&C Yachts that C&C continued to produce the boat; the design is now out of production. The Redline 25 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim, it has a masthead sloop rig, a transom-hung rudder and a small fixed fin keel, with a retractable centreboard. The boat has a draft of 5.00 ft with the centreboard down and 2.50 ft with the centreboard retracted. The boat carries 1,915 lb of ballast; the boat is fitted with an outboard motor. The boat has a PHRF racing average handicap of 237 with a high of 237 and low of 240, it has a hull speed of 6.07 kn. List of sailing boat typesSimilar sailboats Bayfield 25 Beneteau First 25.7 Beneteau First 25S Beneteau First 260 Spirit Cal 25 C&C 25 Capri 25 Catalina 25 Catalina 250 Dufour 1800 Hunter 25.5 Jouët 760 Kelt 7.6 Kirby 25 MacGregor 25 Merit 25 Mirage 25 Northern 25 O'Day 25 Tanzer 25 US Yachts US 25 Media related to Redline 25 at Wikimedia Commons
Media related to Kirby 25 at Wikimedia Commons