1.
San Diego Comic-Con
–
San Diego Comic-Con International is a multi-genre entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego, California. The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International, San Diego and it is a four-day event held during the summer at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego. On the Wednesday evening prior to the opening of the event, there is a preview for professionals, exhibitors. Comic-Con International also produces two other conventions, WonderCon, held in Los Angeles, and the Alternative Press Expo and it is also the home of the Will Eisner Awards. In 2010, it filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with more than 130,000 attendees, the convention was founded in 1970 by Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, Mike Towry, Barry Alfonso, Bob Sourk, and Greg Bear. Detroit, Michigan-born, comics fan Shel Dorf, had, in the mid-1960s, mounted the Detroit Triple-Fan Fairs, one of the first commercial comics-fan conventions. When he moved to San Diego, California, in 1970, he organized a convention on March 21,1970. Dorf went on to be associated with the convention as president or manager, variously, Alf co-chaired the first convention with Krueger and became chairman in 1971. Following the initial gathering, Dorfs first three-day San Diego comics convention, other locations in the conventions early years included the El Cortez Hotel, the University of California, San Diego, and Golden Hall, before being moved to the San Diego Convention Center in 1991. I was quietly walking the floor stunned and in awe of just how much bigger it really was, the convention is organized by a panel of 13 board members,16 to 20 full-time and part-time workers, and 80 volunteers who assist via committees. Comic Con International is an organization, and proceeds of the event go to funding it, as well as the Alternative Press Expo. The convention logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Josh Beatman in 1995, in September 2010, the convention announced that it would stay in San Diego through 2015. In 2015, working with Lionsgate, a channel was created to host Comic-Con related content. According to the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau, the convention has a regional economic impact of $162.8 million. Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, there are previews of upcoming feature films, like most comic-book conventions, Comic-Con features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as studios and TV networks, as well as comic-book dealers. And like most comics conventions, Comic-Con includes an area, as well as the Artists Alley where comics artists can sign autographs. Despite the name, artists alleys can include writers and even models, academics and comic industry professionals annually hold the Comics Arts Conference at Comic-Con, presenting scholarly studies on comics as a medium
2.
San Diego
–
San Diego is a major city in California, United States. It is in San Diego County, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, approximately 120 miles south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico. With an estimated population of 1,394,928 as of July 1,2015, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. San Diego has been called the birthplace of California, historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, the Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly independent Mexico, in 1850, California became part of the United States following the Mexican–American War and the admission of California to the union. The city is the seat of San Diego County and is the center of the region as well as the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area. San Diegos main economic engines are military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, the presence of the University of California, San Diego, with the affiliated UCSD Medical Center, has helped make the area a center of research in biotechnology. The original inhabitants of the region are now known as the San Dieguito, the area of San Diego has been inhabited by the Kumeyaay people. The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile, sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site San Miguel. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast, in May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California, in July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in, Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in California of the historic mission trail El Camino Real. Both the Presidio and the Mission are National Historic Landmarks, in 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, the 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo, and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde, defeating Pío Pico in the vote
3.
San Francisco
–
San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
4.
Heavy metal music
–
Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as metalheads or headbangers. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with such as Mötley Crüe. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre and these include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop. Heavy metal is characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound. Metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter, or omit one or more of these attributes, the typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purples Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ, in 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III, by the 1990s, in. almost every subgenre of heavy metal synthesizers were used. The electric guitar and the power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a use of high volumes. Guitar solos are an element of the heavy metal code. That underscores the significance of the guitar to the genre, most heavy metal songs featur at least one guitar solo, which is a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity. One exception is nu metal bands, which tend to omit guitar solos, with rhythm guitar parts, the heavy crunch sound in heavy metal. Palm muting the strings with the hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more sound and it emphasizes the low end
5.
Thrash metal
–
Thrash metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music characterized by its fast tempo and overall aggression. The songs usually use fast percussive beats and low-register guitar riffs, the lyrics often deal with social issues and reproach for The Establishment, using direct and denunciatory language, an approach borrowed from hardcore punk. The genre evolved in the early 1980s from combining the fast drum beats and attitude of hardcore with the double bass drumming, heavy and complex guitar style of the new wave of British heavy metal. It emerged partially as a reaction to the conventional and widely acceptable glam metal. Thrash metal was an inspiration for subsequent extreme genres such as death metal, Four American bands—Anthrax, Megadeth, Metallica, and Slayer—are credited with pioneering and popularizing the genre. The Clash of the Titans tour, which featured Megadeth, Slayer, thrash metal has seen a resurgence in recent times, with many of the older bands returning to their roots with their new releases. A new generation of metal bands emerged in the early 2000s. Thrash metal generally features fast tempos, low-register, complex riffs, high-register guitar solos. The genre evolved in the early 1980s from combining the drum beats of hardcore punk with the style of the new wave of British heavy metal. It emerged partially as a reaction to the conventional and widely acceptable glam metal. The rhythm guitar parts are played with distortion and often palm muted to create a tighter. Vocally, thrash metal can employ anything from singing to shouted vocals. The guitar riffs often use chromatic scales and emphasize the tritone and diminished intervals, for example, the intro riff of Metallicas Master of Puppets is a chromatic descent, followed by a chromatic ascent based on the tritone. Speed, pacing and time-changes also define thrash metal, thrash tends to have an accelerating feel which may be due in large part to its aggressive drumming style. For example, drummers often use two drums, or a double-bass pedal, in order to create a relentless, driving beat. Cymbal stops/chokes are often used to transition from one riff to another or to precede an acceleration in tempo, to keep up with the other instruments, many bassists use a plectrum. However, some prominent thrash metal bassists have used their fingers, such as Frank Bello, Greg Christian, Steve DiGiorgio, Robert Trujillo, several bassists use a distorted bass tone, an approach popularized by Burton and Motörheads Lemmy. Lyrical themes in thrash metal include warfare, corruption, injustice, murder, suicide, isolation, alienation, addiction, in addition, politics, particularly pessimism and dissatisfaction towards politics, are common themes among thrash metal bands
6.
Hard rock
–
Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
7.
Speed metal
–
Speed metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music that originated in the late 1970s from new wave of British heavy metal roots. It is described by AllMusic as extremely fast, abrasive, and it is usually considered less abrasive and more melodic than thrash metal, showing less influence from hardcore punk. However, speed metal is usually faster and more aggressive than traditional heavy metal, Speed metal songs frequently make use of highly expressive vocals, but are usually less likely to employ harsh vocals than thrash metal songs. One of the key influences on the development of speed metal was the new wave of British heavy metal and this was a heavy metal movement that started in the late 1970s, in Britain, and achieved international attention by the early 1980s. NWOBHM bands toned down the blues influences of earlier acts, incorporated elements of punk, increased the tempo and it was an era directed almost exclusively at heavy metal fans and is considered to be a major foundation stone for the extreme metal genres. The NWOBHM came to dominate the heavy metal scene of the early-mid-1980s and it was musically characterized by fast upbeat tempo songs, power chords, fast guitar solos and melodic, soaring vocals. Groups such as Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, Venom, Saxon and Motörhead as well as many lesser-known ones, Motörhead is often credited as the first band to invent/play speed metal. The latter was called early speed metal by Robb Reiner of speed metal band Anvil, black Sabbath are a British heavy metal band from Birmingham, England, and are often cited as one of the grandfathers of the genre. Though usually known for playing a slow, sludgy tempo. Their are those that believe that their song, Symptom of the Universe from their 1975 released Sabbotage album is thee first true example of a metal song. Judas Priest are a British heavy metal band formed in Birmingham. They often played faster than most rock groups of the time, some songs, such as 1978s Exciter, were groundbreaking for their sheer ferocity and speed, few, if any, bands exempting Motörhead, played with the same tempo. Exciter is a Canadian speed metal band from Ottawa, Ontario which was formed in 1978 and they are widely considered to be one of the first speed metal bands and a seminal influence of the thrash metal genre. Anvil are another Canadian speed metal band, from Toronto, Ontario, to date, the band has released sixteen studio albums, and has been cited as having influenced many notable thrash metal groups, including Metallica, Anthrax, Slayer and Megadeth. Annihilator is a Canadian speed/thrash metal band founded in 1984 by vocalist, guitarist and bassist Jeff Waters and they are the highest selling heavy metal group in Canadian history, having sold 2 million records worldwide. Accept is a German heavy metal band played an important role in the development of speed and thrash metal, being part of the German heavy metal scene. Of particular importance was their 1982 track Fast as a Shark, Speed metal eventually evolved into thrash metal. Although many tend to equate the two subgenres, others argue there is a distinct difference between them
8.
Warner Bros. Records
–
Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19,1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros. For most of its existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations. The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a series of corporate mergers. Over this period, Warner Bros. Records grew from a minor player in the music industry to become one of the top recording labels in the world. In 2003, these assets were divested by their then owner Time Warner. This independent company traded as the Warner Music Group before being bought by Access Industries in 2011, WMG is the smallest of the three major international music conglomerates and the worlds last publicly traded major music company. Cameron Strang serves as CEO of the company, artists currently signed to Warner Bros. At the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros, pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. In December 1931, Warner Bros. offloaded Brunswick to the American Record Corporation for a fraction of its former value, in a lease arrangement which did not include Brunswicks pressing plants. Warner Bros. sold Brunswick a second time, this time along with the old Brunswick pressing plants Warner owned, to Decca Records in exchange for a financial interest in Decca. The studio stayed out of the business for more than 25 years. Warner Bros. reëntered the record business in 1958 with the establishment of its own recording division, by this time, the established Hollywood studios were reeling from multiple challenges to their former dominance - the most notable being the introduction of television in the late 1940s. Legal changes also had a impact on their business—lawsuits brought by major stars had effectively overthrown the old studio contract system by the late 1940s. Pictures sold off much of its library in 1948 and, beginning in 1949. Semenenko in particular had a professional interest in the entertainment business. With the record business booming - sales had topped US$500 million by 1958 - Semnenko argued that it was foolish for Warner Bros, another impetus for the labels creation was the brief music career of Warner Bros. actor Tab Hunter. In 1958, the studio signed Hunter as its first artist to its newly formed record division, to establish the label, the company hired former Columbia Records president James B
9.
Elektra Records
–
Elektra Records is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, founded in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt. It played an important role in the development of folk music. In 2004, it was consolidated into WMGs Atlantic Records Group, after five years of dormancy, the label was revived as an imprint of Atlantic in 2009. The label has been run by Gregg Nadel since 2015 who officially became its president in 2017, Elektra was formed in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt in Holzmans St. Johns College dorm room. The usual spelling of the Greek mythological Pleiad Electra was changed, Holzman famously explained, I gave her the ‘K’ that I lacked. He found the C in the name too soft but liked the solid bite of the letter K. The first Elektra LP, New Songs, was a collection of Lieder and similar art songs, Holzman also recorded Josh White, who was without a record deal as a result of McCarthyite blacklisting. In 1964, Elektra launched Nonesuch Records and this classical budget label was the best-selling budget classical label of the era. In 1965, Elektra began a joint venture with Survey Music called Bounty Records which was Elektras first foray into pop music. The most notable signing for Bounty was the Paul Butterfield Band who was moved over to Elektra when Bounty folded, the labels most important signings were the Chicago-based Paul Butterfield Blues Band, the Los Angeles bands Love and The Doors, and the Detroit bands The Stooges and MC5. Included in Elektras LA signings were Tim Buckley and Bread, in 1968, the label also signed pioneering rock guitar soloist Lonnie Mack to a three-album deal. Also in 1967, Elektra launched its influential Nonesuch Explorer Series, excerpts from several Nonesuch Explorer recordings were later included on the two Voyager Golden Discs which were sent into deep space in 1977 aboard the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 space probes. Elektra, along with its Nonesuch Records subsidiary, was acquired by Kinney National Services in 1970, soon afterwards, Kinney consolidated their label holdings under the Warner-Elektra-Atlantic umbrella. Holzman remained in charge of Elektra until 1972, when it merged with Asylum Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records, Asylums founder, David Geffen, would head the newly combined label. Holzman, in the meantime, was appointed vice president and chief technologist for Warner — ushering the company into home video. Holzman also went on to acquire Discovery Records, in 1975, Geffen stepped down due to health problems. He would be replaced by Joe Smith, who went on to become CEO of Capitol Records. Although the company was listed as Elektra/Asylum Records on the label credits
10.
Vertigo Records
–
Vertigo Records is a record company which originated in the UK. It was a subsidiary of the Philips/Phonogram record label, launched in 1969 to specialise in progressive rock, today it is operated by Universal Music UK. Vertigo was the brainchild of Olav Wyper when he was Creative Director at Phonogram and it was launched as a competitor to labels such as Harvest and Deram. It was the home to such as Colosseum, Jade Warrior, Affinity, Ben. The first Vertigo releases came with a black and white spiral label. Vertigo later became the European home to hard rock bands signed to Mercury in North America, such as Bon Jovi, Rush. Vertigo is a division of The Island Def Jam Music Group in the United States and operates as Virgin EMI Records in the UK and it distributes Cooking Vinyl, Metallica, Razorlight, Rush and Dire Straits. More recent signings include The Rapture, The Killers, One Night Only, Amy Macdonald, Noisettes and Thee Unstrung 2004-2005, black Sabbath have returned to the label in 2013 although former sister label Sanctuary Records Group had acquired international rights to their back catalogue in the interim. Official website Worldwide Vertigo Swirl Guide
11.
Metallica
–
Metallica is an American heavy metal band based in San Rafael, California. The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles when vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield responded to an advertisement posted by drummer Lars Ulrich in a local newspaper, Metallicas current line-up comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo. Guitarist Dave Mustaine and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band, the bands fast tempos, instrumentals, and aggressive musicianship placed them as one of the founding big four bands of thrash metal, alongside Anthrax, Megadeth, and Slayer. The band expanded its musical direction and achieved commercial success with its eponymous fifth album Metallica. The album was also their first to debut at number one on the Billboard 200, in 2000, Metallica joined with other artists who filed a lawsuit against Napster for sharing the bands copyright-protected material without consent from the band. A settlement was reached and Napster became a pay-to-use service, the band returned to its original musical style with the release of Death Magnetic, and in 2009, Metallica was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Metallica has released ten albums, four live albums, five extended plays,26 music videos. The band has won eight Grammy Awards and six of its albums have debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. The bands eponymous 1991 album has sold over 16 million copies in the United States, Metallica ranks as one of the most commercially successful bands of all time, having sold over 110 million records worldwide. Metallica has been listed as one of the greatest artists of all time by many magazines, including Rolling Stone, in 2012, Metallica formed the independent record label Blackened Recordings and took full ownership of its albums and videos. The band is currently promoting Hardwired. to Self-Destruct, which was released on November 18,2016, guitarists James Hetfield and Hugh Tanner of Leather Charm answered the advertisement. Although he had not formed a band, Ulrich asked Metal Blade Records founder Brian Slagel if he could record a song for the upcoming compilation album Metal Massacre. Slagel accepted and Ulrich recruited Hetfield to sing and play rhythm guitar, the band was officially formed in October 1981, five months after Ulrich and Hetfield first met. Ulrich talked to his friend Ron Quintana, who was brainstorming names for a fanzine, Quintana had proposed the names MetalMania and Metallica. A second advertisement was placed in The Recycler for a position as lead guitarist, Dave Mustaine answered, Ulrich and Hetfield recruited him after seeing his expensive guitar equipment. In early 1982, Metallica recorded its first original song Hit the Lights for the Metal Massacre I compilation, Hetfield played bass on the song and Lloyd Grant was credited with a guitar solo. Metal Massacre I was released on June 14,1982, early pressings listed the band incorrectly as Mettallica, the bands first taste of live success came early, they were chosen to open for British heavy metal band Saxon at one gig of their 1982 US tour. Metallica recorded its first demo, Power Metal, an inspired by Quintanas early business cards in early 1982
12.
Exodus (American band)
–
Exodus is an American thrash metal band formed in 1979 in Richmond, California. Spanning a career of 38 years, Exodus has gone through numerous lineup changes and their current lineup consists of vocalist Steve Zetro Souza, guitarists Gary Holt and Lee Altus, bass guitarist Jack Gibson and drummer Tom Hunting. Hunting is one of the members, and departed from Exodus twice, in 1989 and 2004. Holt joined the band two years after its formation, and is the only member of Exodus to appear on all their releases. Since its formation, Exodus has released ten albums, two live albums and two compilations. Exodus had particular success in the mid-to-late 1980s with their first three albums, Bonded by Blood, Pleasures of the Flesh and Fabulous Disaster. The critical praise given to Fabulous Disaster garnered attention from labels, including Capitol Records. Exodus released two studio albums before disbanding in 1994. After temporarily reuniting in 1997–1998, Exodus reformed once again in 2001, and since then, they have released five studio albums. The band is expected to release their next album in late 2017/early 2018. The initial lineup of Exodus was formed in the late 1970s by guitarists Kirk Hammett and Tim Agnello, drummer/vocalist Tom Hunting, the band added bass guitarist Carlton Melson in 1980, and the quintet began making a name for themselves playing backyard parties and various school functions. They played mostly cover songs in the vein of 1970s hard rock and New wave of British heavy metal acts, things with Stewart did not work out, and Hunting became the bands sole vocalist for some time. Carlton Melson was replaced in 1981 by bass guitarist Geoff Andrews, Baloff became the bands lead vocalist and the quintet recorded a 3-song demo tape in 1982, a release which would be Hammetts only recording with Exodus. The bands music began to incorporate elements of punk into their NWOBHM roots. In November 1982, Exodus opened a show at San Franciscos Old Waldorf venue for Metallica, as the band began playing more shows in Bay Area clubs, they gained a large, fervent fan base known for their violent concert behavior. In early 1983, Hammett left Exodus to join Metallica on the recommendation of Mark Whitaker, Hammett was replaced short term by Mike Maung, followed by Evan McCaskey, before the band finally found a permanent replacement in guitarist Rick Hunolt. Geoff Andrews also left to start an early incarnation of pioneering death metal band Possessed, in the spring of 1984, Exodus entered Turk Street Studios with producer Doug Piercy to record demos of songs that would later appear on their debut album. The band was signed to New York based Torrid Records and Exodus prepared to enter Prairie Sun Recording Studios that summer, the band recorded their first album, Bonded by Blood, in the summer of 1984
13.
Rolling Stone
–
Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
14.
Joel McIver
–
Joel McIver is a British author. The best-known of his books is the bestselling Justice For All, The Truth About Metallica, first published in 2004, mcIvers other works include biographies of Black Sabbath, Slayer, Ice Cube and Queens Of The Stone Age. His writing also appears in newspapers and magazines such as The Guardian, Metal Hammer, Classic Rock and Rolling Stone, since 2012, McIver has also been the Editor of the magazine Bass Guitar. McIver has written 30 English-language books since 1999, with at least 75 more editions available in other languages. In the introduction to Neil Daniels 2009 book All Pens Blazing, in a review in April 2012, Classic Rock magazine labelled McIver by some distance Britains most prolific hard rock/metal author. As well as writing his own books, McIver also co-writes the autobiographies of rock musicians, the first of these was the memoir of sometime Deep Purple bassist Glenn Hughes, published in 2011. Other autobiographies written by McIver include those of Max Cavalera and Megadeth bass player David Ellefson, the book includes a foreword by Bowies producer and friend Tony Visconti. McIver is an alumnus of Backwell School and the University of Edinburgh
15.
El Sobrante, California
–
El Sobrante is a census-designated place in Contra Costa County, California, United States. The population was 12,669 at the 2010 census, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.8 square miles, all of it land. El Sobrante is unincorporated and lies within Contra Costa County, main roads include San Pablo Dam Road, Valley View Road and Appian Way. San Pablo Dam Road and Appian Way both connect to Interstate 80 to the west, El Sobrante also contains San Pablo Creek, running behind the library, ACE hardware store and many homes. Between 5000 and 1000 BC, a tribe of people called the Huichin. One of the Huichin villages was located where the El Sobrante Library now stands, the Huichin left a now-buried shell mound beside San Pablo Creek. Between November 1794 and May 1795, the Huichin were forcibly converted to Christianity by Spanish missionaries, in pursuing the runaways, the Franciscans sent neophytes first and soldiers to go round up the runaway Christians from their relatives, and bring them back to the missions. Thus illness spread both inside and outside of the missions, after Mexican independence from Spain in the early 19th century, Spanish colonists were given land grants, one of which was Rancho El Sobrante, deeded to Juan Jose and Víctor Castro in 1841. In this sense, the rancho was el sobrante, the remaining area, legal disputes concerning the borders and the claims of squatters continued for four decades, with much of the land sold to pay court and attorney costs. Victor Castro was left with 549 acres of the original grant and he built an adobe dwelling in what is now El Cerrito, and became one of the first members of the Board of Supervisors of Contra Costa County. Castro died at the age of 90 in 1897, some of his descendants still live in the area of Castro Ranch Road. El Sobrante was called Oak Grove by industrial concerns in 1887 when the California, then the name Sobrante was applied, with the addition of the Spanish definite article El coinciding with the opening of the first post office in 1941. By the early 20th century, Rancho El Sobrante had been reduced to a number of smaller ranches, many of these ranches were further subdivided. As roads were paved and homes were constructed, El Sobrante changed from a rural to a semi-rural community, the 2010 United States Census reported that El Sobrante had a population of 12,669. The population density was 4,581.4 people per square mile. The racial makeup of El Sobrante was 6,405 White,1,673 African American,127 Native American,1,986 Asian,113 Pacific Islander,1,384 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,036 persons. The Census reported that 12,620 people lived in households,49 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 312 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 67 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,170 households were made up of individuals and 373 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.65
16.
California
–
California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
17.
United States Merchant Marine
–
The United States Merchant Marine refers to either United States civilian mariners, or to U. S. civilian and federally owned merchant vessels. Merchant Marine officers may also be commissioned as officers by the Department of Defense. This is commonly achieved by commissioning unlimited tonnage Merchant Marine officers as Strategic Sealift Officers in the Naval Reserves. As of 31 December 2016, the United States merchant fleet had 175 privately owned, oceangoing, self-propelled vessels of 1,000 gross register tons, nearly 800 American-owned ships are flagged in other nations. In 2004, the government employed approximately 5% of all American water transportation workers. In the 19th and 20th centuries, various laws fundamentally changed the course of American merchant shipping and these laws put an end to common practices such as flogging and shanghaiing, and increased shipboard safety and living standards. The United States Merchant Marine is also governed by more than 25 international conventions to promote safety, the Court held that the Secretary of the Air Force abused its discretion in denying active military service recognition to American merchant seamen who participated in World War II. Captains, mates, and pilots supervise ship operations on domestic waterways, a captain is in overall command of a vessel, and supervises the work of other officers and crew. A captain has the ability to take the conn from a mate or pilot at any time he feels the need, on smaller vessels the captain may be a regular watch-stander, similar to a mate, directly controlling the vessels position. Captains directly communicate with the company or command, and are responsible for cargo, various logs, ships documents, credentials, efforts at controlling pollution. Mates direct a ships routine operation for the captain during work shifts, mates stand watch for specified periods, usually in three duty sections, with 4 hours on watch and 8 hours off. When on a watch, mates direct a bridge team by conning, directing courses through the helmsman. When more than one mate is necessary aboard a ship, they typically are designated chief mate or first mate, second mate, in addition to watch standers, mates directly supervise the ships crew, and are assigned other tasks. The chief mate is usually in charge of cargo, stability and the crew, the second mate in charge of navigation plans and updates. Harbor pilots guide ships in and out of confined waterways, such as harbors, harbor pilots are generally independent contractors who accompany vessels while they enter or leave port, and may pilot many ships in a single day. Ships engineers operate, maintain, and repair engines, boilers, generators, pumps, Merchant marine vessels usually have four engineering officers, a chief engineer and a first, second, and third assistant engineer. On many ships, Assistant Engineers stand periodic watches, overseeing the operation of engines. However, most modern ships sailing today utilize Unmanned Machinery Space automation technology, at night and during meals and breaks, the engine room is unmanned and machinery alarms are answered by the Duty Engineer
18.
Filipinos
–
Filipinos are the people who are identified with the country of the Philippines, either through descent or citizenship. Filipinos come from different ethnolinguistic nations, currently, there are more than 175 ethnolinguistic nations, each with its own language, identity, culture and history. The modern Filipino identity, with its Austronesian roots, was developed in conjunction with Spanish, Chinese, the Philippines was a Spanish colony for 333 years, setting a foundation for contemporary Filipino culture. Under Spanish rule, most of the Filipino populace embraced Roman Catholicism, almost all Filipinos adopted Spanish surnames from the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos published in 1849 by the Spanish colonial government. As neither past governments nor the modern Philippine Statistics Authority account for the background of an individual. The lack of the letter F in the pre-1987 Philippine alphabet, upon official adoption of the modern, 28-letter Filipino alphabet in 1987, the name Filipino was preferred over Pilipino. However the ABAKADA is only the Alphabet of the Tagalogs as other Ethnic Nations also have their own alphabet and/or writing script, use of the term Filipino in the Philippines started during the Spanish colonial period. The original meaning was a person of Spanish descent born in the Philippines and this original usage is now archaic and obsolete. Historian Ambeth Ocampo has suggested that the first documented use of the word to refer to Indios was the Spanish language poem A la juventud filipina, published in 1879 by José Rizal. A number of Filipinos refer to themselves colloquially as Pinoy, which is a word formed by taking the last four letters of Filipino. The term, although in popular usage, is considered by some Filipinos as a racial slur. Other collective endonyms for the Filipino people include, Patria Adorada as popularized by Jose Rizal through his poem Mi último adiós, in 2010, a metatarsal from Callao Man, discovered in 2007, was dated through uranium-series dating as being 67,000 years old. Prior to that, the earliest human remains found in the Philippines were thought to be the fragments of a skull and jawbone. Fox, an anthropologist from the National Museum, anthropologists who examined these remains agreed that they belonged to modern human beings. These include the Homo sapiens, as distinguished from the mid-Pleistocene Homo erectus species, the Tabon Man fossils are considered to have come from a third group of inhabitants, who worked the cave between 22,000 and 20,000 BCE. An earlier cave level lies so far below the level containing cooking fire assemblages that it must represent Upper Pleistocene dates like 45 or 50 thousand years ago, researchers say this indicates that the human remains were pre-Mongoloid, from about 40,000 years ago. Fluctuations in ancient shorelines between 150,000 BP and 17,000 BP connected the Malay Archipelago region with Maritime Southeast Asia and this may have enabled ancient migrations into the Philippines from Maritime Southeast Asia approximately 50,000 BP to 13,000 BP. A January 2009 study of language phylogenies by R. D and this was a two-pronged expansion, which moved north through the Philippines and into Taiwan, while a second expansion prong spread east along the New Guinea coast and into Oceania and Polynesia
19.
English people
–
The English are a nation and an ethnic group native to England, who speak the English language. The English identity is of medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Angelcynn. Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD, England is one of the countries of the United Kingdom. Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, they founded what was to become England along with the later Danes, Normans, in the Acts of Union 1707, the Kingdom of England was succeeded by the Kingdom of Great Britain. Over the years, English customs and identity have become closely aligned with British customs. The English people are the source of the English language, the Westminster system and these and other English cultural characteristics have spread worldwide, in part as a result of the former British Empire. The concept of an English nation is far older than that of the British nation, many recent immigrants to England have assumed a solely British identity, while others have developed dual or mixed identities. Use of the word English to describe Britons from ethnic minorities in England is complicated by most non-white people in England identifying as British rather than English. In their 2004 Annual Population Survey, the Office for National Statistics compared the ethnic identities of British people with their national identity. They found that while 58% of white people in England described their nationality as English and it is unclear how many British people consider themselves English. Following complaints about this, the 2011 census was changed to allow respondents to record their English, Welsh, Scottish, another complication in defining the English is a common tendency for the words English and British to be used interchangeably, especially overseas. In his study of English identity, Krishan Kumar describes a common slip of the tongue in which people say English, I mean British. He notes that this slip is made only by the English themselves and by foreigners. Kumar suggests that although this blurring is a sign of Englands dominant position with the UK and it tells of the difficulty that most English people have of distinguishing themselves, in a collective way, from the other inhabitants of the British Isles. In 1965, the historian A. J. P. Taylor wrote, When the Oxford History of England was launched a generation ago and it meant indiscriminately England and Wales, Great Britain, the United Kingdom, and even the British Empire. Foreigners used it as the name of a Great Power and indeed continue to do so, bonar Law, by origin a Scotch Canadian, was not ashamed to describe himself as Prime Minister of England Now terms have become more rigorous. The use of England except for a geographic area brings protests and this version of history is now regarded by many historians as incorrect, on the basis of more recent genetic and archaeological research. The 2016 study authored by Stephan Schiffels et al, the remaining portion of English DNA is primarily French, introduced in a migration after the end of the Ice Age
20.
Germans
–
Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history. German is the mother tongue of a substantial majority of ethnic Germans. The English term Germans has historically referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages, before the collapse of communism and the reunification of Germany in 1990, Germans constituted the largest divided nation in Europe by far. Ever since the outbreak of the Protestant Reformation within the Holy Roman Empire, of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans. Thus, the number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied. Today, people from countries with German-speaking majorities most often subscribe to their own national identities, the German term Deutsche originates from the Old High German word diutisc, referring to the Germanic language of the people. It is not clear how commonly, if at all, the word was used as an ethnonym in Old High German, used as a noun, ein diutscher in the sense of a German emerges in Middle High German, attested from the second half of the 12th century. The Old French term alemans is taken from the name of the Alamanni and it was loaned into Middle English as almains in the early 14th century. The word Dutch is attested in English from the 14th century, denoting continental West Germanic dialects, while in most Romance languages the Germans have been named from the Alamanni, the Old Norse, Finnish and Estonian names for the Germans were taken from that of the Saxons. In Slavic languages, the Germans were given the name of němьci, originally with a meaning foreigner, the English term Germans is only attested from the mid-16th century, based on the classical Latin term Germani used by Julius Caesar and later Tacitus. It gradually replaced Dutch and Almains, the latter becoming mostly obsolete by the early 18th century, the Germans are a Germanic people, who as an ethnicity emerged during the Middle Ages. Originally part of the Holy Roman Empire, around 300 independent German states emerged during its decline after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ending the Thirty Years War and these states eventually formed into modern Germany in the 19th century. The concept of a German ethnicity is linked to Germanic tribes of antiquity in central Europe, the early Germans originated on the North German Plain as well as southern Scandinavia. By the 2nd century BC, the number of Germans was significantly increasing and they began expanding into eastern Europe, during antiquity these Germanic tribes remained separate from each other and did not have writing systems at that time. In the European Iron Age the area that is now Germany was divided into the La Tène horizon in Southern Germany and the Jastorf culture in Northern Germany. By 55 BC, the Germans had reached the Danube river and had either assimilated or otherwise driven out the Celts who had lived there, and had spread west into what is now Belgium and France. Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine, in Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become an influence in the development of a common German identity
21.
Scottish people
–
The Scottish people, or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged from an amalgamation of the Picts and Gaels, who founded the Kingdom of Scotland in the 9th century, and are thought to have been ethnolinguistically Celts. Later, the neighbouring Cumbrian Britons, who spoke a Celtic language, as well as Germanic-speaking Anglo-Saxons. In modern usage, Scottish people or Scots is used to refer to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, the Latin word Scotti, originally the word referred specifically to the Gaels, but came to describe all inhabitants of Scotland. Considered archaic or pejorative, the term Scotch has also used for Scottish people. John Kenneth Galbraith in his book The Scotch documents the descendants of 19th-century Scottish pioneers who settled in Southwestern Ontario and he states the book was meant to give a true picture of life in the community in the early decades of the 20th century. People of Scottish descent live in countries other than Scotland. Scottish emigrants took with them their Scottish languages and culture, large populations of Scottish people settled the new-world lands of North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. Canada has the highest level of Scottish descendants per capita in the world, Scotland has seen migration and settlement of many peoples at different periods in its history. The Gaels, the Picts and the Britons have their origin myths. The Venerable Bede tells of the Scotti coming from Spain via Ireland, Germanic peoples, such as the Anglo-Saxons, arrived beginning in the 7th century, while the Norse invaded and colonized parts of Scotland from the 8th century onwards. In the High Middle Ages, from the reign of David I of Scotland, there was emigration from France, England. Some famous Scottish family names, including bearing the names which became Bruce, Balliol, Murray. Today Scotland is one of the countries of the United Kingdom, culturally, these peoples are grouped according to language. Most of Scotland until the 13th century spoke Celtic languages and these included, at least initially, the Britons, as well as the Gaels and the Picts. Germanic peoples included the Angles of Northumbria, who settled in south-eastern Scotland in the region between the Firth of Forth to the north and the River Tweed to the south. They also occupied the south-west of Scotland up to and including the Plain of Kyle and their language, south-east of the Firth of Forth, then in Lothian and the Borders, a northern variety of Old English, also known as Early Scots, was spoken. The Northern Isles and some parts of Caithness were Norn-speaking, from 1500 on, Scotland was commonly divided by language into two groups of people, Gaelic-speaking Highlanders and the Inglis-speaking Lowlanders
22.
Irish people
–
The Irish people are a nation and ethnic group native to the island of Ireland, who share a common Irish ancestry, identity and culture. Ireland has been inhabited for about 9,000 years according to archaeological studies, for most of Irelands recorded history, the Irish have been primarily a Gaelic people. Today, Ireland is made up of the Republic of Ireland, the people of Northern Ireland hold various national identities, including Irish, Northern Irish, British, or some combination thereof. The Irish have their own customs, language, music, dance, sports, cuisine, although Irish was their main language in the past, today the huge majority of Irish people speak English as their first language. Historically, the Irish nation was made up of kin groups or clans, there have been many notable Irish people throughout history. After Irelands conversion to Christianity, Irish missionaries and scholars exerted great influence on Western Europe, the 6th-century Irish monk and missionary Columbanus is regarded as one of the fathers of Europe, followed by saints Cillian and Fergal. The scientist Robert Boyle is considered the father of chemistry, famous Irish writers include Oscar Wilde, W. B. Yeats, George Bernard Shaw, Bram Stoker and James Joyce, notable Irish explorers include Brendan the Navigator, Robert McClure, Ernest Shackleton and Tom Crean. By some accounts, the first European child born in North America had Irish descent on both sides, many presidents of the United States have had some Irish ancestry. The population of Ireland is about 6.3 million, but it is estimated that 50 to 80 million people around the world have Irish forebears, historically, emigration from Ireland has been the result of conflict, famine and economic issues. People of Irish descent are mainly in English-speaking countries, especially the United Kingdom. There are also significant numbers in Argentina, Mexico and New Zealand, the United States has the most people of Irish descent, while in Australia those of Irish descent are a higher percentage of the population than in any other country. Many Icelanders have Irish and Scottish Gaelic forebears, in its summary of their article Who were the Celts. The National Museum Wales notes It is possible that genetic studies of ancient. However, early studies have, so far, tended to produce implausible conclusions from very small numbers of people and using outdated assumptions about linguistics, nineteenth century anthropology studied the physical characteristics of Irish people in minute detail. During the past 10,000 years of inhabitation, Ireland has witnessed some different peoples arrive on its shores, the ancient peoples of Ireland—such as the creators of the Céide Fields and Newgrange—are almost unknown. Neither their languages nor terms they used to describe themselves have survived, as late as the middle centuries of the 1st millennium the inhabitants of Ireland did not appear to have a collective name for themselves. Ireland itself was known by a number of different names, including Banba, Fódla, Ériu by the islanders, Iouerne and Hiverne to the Greeks, other Latin names for people from Ireland in Classic and Mediaeval sources include Attacotti and Gael
23.
De Anza High School
–
De Anza High School is a secondary school located in Richmond, California, United States, named after Spanish explorer Juan Bautista de Anza. The school originally opened in 1955, in 2005 local voters passed Measure J, a bond measure which included $161 million to completely rebuild the De Anza campus. Reconstruction began in 2009 with a new track and artificial-turf football field, along with the demolition of the gym. The new facility was opened for the start of the 2013 -2014 school year, the school offers four academies, Health Academy, Information Technology Academy, Law Academy, and Air Force JROTC
24.
Richmond, California
–
Richmond is a city in western Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city was incorporated on August 7,1905, under the McLaughlin Administration, Richmond was the largest city in the United States served by a Green Party mayor. As of the 2010 U. S. Census, the population is at 103,710. The largest, Richmond, Virginia, is the namesake of the California city, the Ohlone Indians were the first inhabitants of the Richmond area, settling an estimated 5,000 years ago. The name Richmond appears to predate actual incorporation by more than fifty years, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad had its terminus at Richmond. The first post office opened in 1900, Richmond was founded and incorporated in 1905, carved out of Rancho San Pablo, from which the nearby town of San Pablo inherited its name. Until the enactment of prohibition in 1919, the city had the largest winery in the world, in the 1920s the Ku Klux Klan was active in the city. In 1930 the Ford Motor Company opened a plant called Richmond Assembly Plant which moved to Milpitas in the 1960s. The old Ford plant has been a National Historic Place since 1988, the city was a small town at that time, until the onset of World War II which brought on a rush of migrants and a boom in the industrial sector. Standard Oil set up here in 1901, including a what is now the Chevron Richmond Refinery and tank farm. There is a pier into San Francisco Bay south of Point Molate for oil tankers, the western terminus of the Santa Fe Railroad was established in Richmond with ferry connections at Ferry Point in the Brickyard Cove area of Point Richmond to San Francisco. Many of these lived in specially constructed houses scattered throughout the San Francisco Bay Area, including Richmond, Berkeley. A specially built rail line, the Shipyard Railway, transported workers to the shipyards, kaisers Richmond shipyards built 747 Victory and Liberty ships for the war effort, more than any other site in the U. S. The city broke many records and even built one Liberty ship in a five days. On average the yards could build a ship in thirty days, the medical system established for the shipyard workers at the Richmond Field Hospital eventually became todays Kaiser Permanente HMO. It remained in operation until 1993 when it was replaced by the modern Richmond Medical Center hospital, Point Richmond was originally the commercial hub of the city, but a new downtown arose in the center of the city. It was populated by many department stores such as Kress, J. C. Penney, Sears, Macys, during the war the population increased dramatically and peaked at around 120,000 by the end of the war. Once the war ended the workers were no longer needed
25.
Les Claypool
–
Leslie Edward Les Claypool is an American musician, singer, songwriter, composer, author and actor best known as the bassist and lead vocalist of the band Primus. Claypools playing style on the electric bass mixes tapping, flamenco-like strumming, whammy bar bends, Claypool has also self-produced and engineered his solo releases from his own studio, Rancho Relaxo. 2006 saw the release of a feature film Electric Apricot written. Claypool was born September 29,1963, in Richmond, California, Claypool decided to become a bass player, pursuing the instrument from the age of fourteen. Claypool has cited Larry Graham, Chris Squire, Tony Levin, Roger Waters, Geddy Lee, Paul McCartney, Geezer Butler, Bootsy Collins, Stanley Clarke and he went to school with and was a friend of guitarist Kirk Hammett, later of Metallica. For several years before forming Primus, Claypool worked as a carpenter, in 1986, after the death of Metallica bassist Cliff Burton, Hammett encouraged Claypool to audition for Metallica as Burtons successor. Metallica frontman James Hetfield remarked that Claypool was not offered the job because he was too good, Claypool said later that he was unaware of Metallicas success and influence and auditioned mainly out of friendship with Hammett, and further stated he would not have fit in with the band. Claypool replaced them with guitarist Larry LaLonde and drummer Tim Alexander, Claypool is considered to be the leader of the band, as well as the driving force behind its blending of funk with other genres. Claypool frequently utilizes the technique, prominent in funk music. I guess people just have to categorize you, in 1991, the band was featured in the cult classic movie Bill and Teds Bogus Journey, performing Tommy the Cat live. Claypool and Tom Waits first recorded on each others records in 1991 and have continued to do so since, in 1997, Primus was asked to play and record the theme song for the animated television show South Park. In 1999, he allowed Activisions use of the song Jerry Was a Race Car Driver in the video game Tony Hawks Pro Skater. Primus went on hiatus in 2000, in mid-2003, Claypool reunited with former Primus drummer Tim Alexander and guitarist Larry LaLonde to record a DVD/EP called Animals Should Not Try to Act Like People. Primus continued touring into 2004, performing their 1990 release Frizzle Fry as their set, as documented on the DVD Hallucino-Genetics. The band toured in 2006 on their Primus, The Beat a Dead Horse Tour 2006, and played at a small number of festivals in 2008. In 2010, Alexander, who had left the band for the time due to lack of interest, was replaced by Jay Lane. The band subsequently resumed touring after the free June 2010 Rehearsal was released later that year, in 2013, Lane left Primus for the second time to focus on his other band RatDog, who were coming off hiatus at the time, and was replaced again by Alexander. In 1996, Claypool produced, engineered and released an album, Les Claypool
26.
Primus (band)
–
Primus is an American rock band based in San Francisco, California, currently composed of bassist/vocalist Les Claypool, guitarist Larry Ler LaLonde and drummer Tim Herb Alexander. Primus originally formed in 1984 with Claypool and guitarist Todd Huth, later joined by drummer Jay Lane, though the latter two departed the band at the end of 1988. Featuring LaLonde and Alexander, Primus recorded their debut Suck on This in 1989, followed by four albums, Frizzle Fry, Sailing the Seas of Cheese, Pork Soda. In 2003, Claypool and LaLonde reunited with Alexander and released a DVD/EP, Animals Should Not Try to Act Like People, in 2010, Lane rejoined Primus, replacing Alexander, and the band released their seventh album, Green Naugahyde, in 2011. In 2013, Lane left the band to focus on other projects and they have released some of their records on Claypools own label Prawn Song Records. Primus is characterized by its irreverent, quirky approach to music, robert Christgau once remarked, quite possibly the strangest top-10 band ever, and good for them. Primus began as Primate in El Sobrante, California, in 1984 with singer and bassist Les Claypool, guitarist Todd Huth, and a LinnDrum drum machine. Primate changed their name to Primus after about a month when they were approached by a called the Primates threatening legal action over the similarity of their names. Parker was soon replaced by the second drummer, Peter Libby. After recording another demo, titled Sausage, Lane left Primus at the end of 1988 when something good happened with the Freaky Executives record deal, Huth also left the band soon after, wishing to dedicate more time to his family. In 1990, the released their first studio album, Frizzle Fry. Primuss major label debut was the album Sailing the Seas of Cheese, the album was supported by the singles Jerry Was a Race Car Driver and Tommy the Cat, both of which appeared on MTV. A third single, Those Damned Blue-Collar Tweekers, was also released, the band appeared as contestants for the Battle of the Bands in Bill and Teds Bogus Journey and made music for a Beavis and Butt-Head tribute album with a song entitled Poetry and Prose. With a major label behind them, Sailing the Seas of Cheese went gold, the band then toured in support of Rush, U2, Anthrax, Public Enemy, and Fishbone. In 1993, Primus released Pork Soda, which managed to debut at No.7 on the Billboard Top 10, the album was darker than previous Primus efforts, dealing with murder, suicide, and alienation. The band has commented that prior to recording, they had been touring for nearly two years and were thus in a sombre mood. My Name Is Mud, DMV, and Mr. Claypool said he put his heart and soul into the video, in an interview with Guitar World magazine, Claypool disparaged the channels unwillingness to air the video, saying it got played like six times. Pork Soda was recorded at the rehearsal space in San Rafael
27.
The Day of the Triffids (film)
–
The Day of the Triffids is a 1962 British film based on the 1951 science fiction novel of the same name by John Wyndham. The picture was directed by Steve Sekely, and Howard Keel played the central character, the movies leading lady was Nicole Maurey, and it was filmed in color with monaural sound. Triffids are tall plants capable of aggressive and seemingly intelligent behaviour, Bill Masen, a merchant navy officer, is lying in a hospital bed with his eyes bandaged. He discovers that while he has been waiting for his eyes to heal. Once he leaves the hospital, Masen finds people all over London struggling to stay alive in the face of their new affliction, some survive by cooperating while others simply fight, but it is apparent that after just a few days society is collapsing. He rescues a girl, Susan, from a crashed train. They leave London and head for France and they find refuge at a chateau, but when it is attacked by sighted prisoners, they are again forced to escape. The Triffid population continues to grow, feeding on people and animals, meanwhile, on a coastal island, Tom Goodwin, a flawed but gifted scientist, and his wife Karen, battle the plants as he searches for a way to conquer them. Howard Keel - Bill Masen Nicole Maurey - Christine Durant Janette Scott - Karen Goodwin Kieron Moore - Tom Goodwin Mervyn Johns - Mr. Coker Ewan Roberts - Dr and it strays significantly and unnecessarily from the book and is less well regarded than the BBCs intelligent 1981 TV serial. Unlike the novel, the Triffids arrive as spores in a meteor shower, some of the action is moved to Spain. Most seriously, it supplies a simplistic solution to the Triffid problem, salt water dissolves them, and the world was saved. This different ending appears to be closer to the ending of The War of the Worlds than Wyndhams novel and this ending was also used to similar effect in M. Night Shyamalans Signs. The Triffids death-by-seawater climax is weak and contrived though, but it would still rank in my all-time top 100 films. Halliwells Film Guide claimed the film was a rough and ready adaptation of a famous novel, sometimes blunderingly effective. It is this version of the film to which the song Science Fiction/Double Feature refers, in the lyric, And I really got hot when I saw Janette Scott fight a triffid that spits poison and kills. A triffid appears aboard the spacecraft as one of the plants harvested by the aliens in the 1982 film E. T, a triffid also appears as one of the aliens in Area 52 in the 2003 film Looney Tunes, Back in Action. In January 2014 it was announced that a remake is in the works and will be directed by Mike Newell
28.
Frankenstein's monster
–
Frankensteins monster, sometimes known as Frankenstein, is a fictional character who first appeared in Mary Shelleys 1818 novel Frankenstein, or, The Modern Prometheus. Shelleys title thus compares the monsters creator, Victor Frankenstein, to the mythological character Prometheus, although nameless in Shelleys novel, the creature is often referred to by his creators surname, Frankenstein. In Shelleys Gothic story, Victor Frankenstein builds the creature in his laboratory through an ambiguous method consisting of chemistry, Shelley describes the monster as 8-foot-tall, hideously ugly, but sensitive and emotional. The monster attempts to fit into society but is shunned. According to the scholar Joseph Carroll, the monster occupies a territory between the characteristics that typically define protagonists and antagonists. Mary Shelleys original novel never ascribes an actual name to the monster, although when speaking to his creator, Victor Frankenstein, Victor refers to the monster as creature, fiend, spectre, the demon, wretch, devil, thing, being, and ogre. It has become common vernacular to refer to the creature by the name Frankenstein, as in Shelleys story, the monsters namelessness became a central part of the stage adaptations in London and Paris during the decades after the novels first appearance. In 1823, Shelley herself attended a performance of Presumption, the first successful adaptation of her novel. The play bill amused me extremely, for in the list of dramatis personae came _________, by Mr T. Cooke and this nameless mode of naming the unnameable is rather good. Within a decade of publication, the name of the used to refer to the monster. The story was adapted for the stage in 1927 by Peggy Webling, however, the monster has no name in the Universal film series starring Boris Karloff during the 1930s, which was largely based upon Weblings play. The 1931 Universal film treated the monsters identity in a way as Shelleys novel, in the opening credits. Nevertheless, the creature soon enough became best known in the imagination as Frankenstein. This usage is considered erroneous, but usage commentators regard the monster sense of Frankenstein as well-established. Thumbing through a book of the works of William Shakespeare, the monster chooses Proteus from The Two Gentlemen of Verona, as told by Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein builds the creature in his laboratory through an ambiguously described scientific method consisting of chemistry and alchemy. Frankenstein is disgusted by his creation, however, and flees from it in horror, frightened, and unaware of his own identity, the monster wanders through the wilderness. He finds brief solace beside a remote cottage inhabited by a family of peasants, eavesdropping, the creature familiarizes himself with their lives and learns to speak, whereby he becomes eloquent, educated, and well-mannered. The creature eventually introduces himself to the blind father, who treats him with kindness
29.
Jimi Hendrix
–
James Marshall Jimi Hendrix was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes him as arguably the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music, born in Seattle, Washington, Hendrix began playing guitar at the age of 15. In 1961, he enlisted in the U. S. Army and trained as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division, within months, Hendrix had earned three UK top ten hits with the Jimi Hendrix Experience, Hey Joe, Purple Haze, and The Wind Cries Mary. Hendrix was inspired musically by American rock and roll and electric blues and he favored overdriven amplifiers with high volume and gain, and was instrumental in utilizing the previously undesirable sounds caused by guitar amplifier feedback. He helped to popularize the use of a pedal in mainstream rock. Holly George-Warren of Rolling Stone commented, Hendrix pioneered the use of the instrument as a sound source. Hendrix was the recipient of several awards during his lifetime. In 1967, readers of Melody Maker voted him the Pop Musician of the Year, disc and Music Echo honored him with the World Top Musician of 1969 and in 1970, Guitar Player named him the Rock Guitarist of the Year. The Jimi Hendrix Experience was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992, Jimi Hendrix was of African American descent. Both his mother Lucille and father Al were African Americans and his paternal grandmother, Zenora Nora Rose Moore, was African American and one-quarter Cherokee. On June 10,1919, Hendrix and Moore had a son they named James Allen Ross Hendrix, in 1941, Al met Lucille Jeter at a dance in Seattle, they married on March 31,1942. Al, who had been drafted by the U. S. Army to serve in World War II, Johnny Allen Hendrix was born on November 27,1942, in Seattle, he was the first of Lucilles five children. In 1946, Johnnys parents changed his name to James Marshall Hendrix, in honor of Al and he spent two months locked up without trial, and while in the stockade received a telegram announcing his sons birth. During Als three-year absence, Lucille struggled to raise their son, when Al was away, Hendrix was mostly cared for by family members and friends, especially Lucilles sister Delores Hall and her friend Dorothy Harding. Al received a discharge from the U. S. Army on September 1,1945. After returning from service, Al reunited with Lucille, but his inability to find steady work left the family impoverished and they both struggled with alcohol, and often fought when intoxicated. The violence sometimes drove Hendrix to withdraw and hide in a closet in their home and his relationship with his brother Leon was close but precarious, with Leon in and out of foster care, they lived with an almost constant threat of fraternal separation. In addition to Leon, Hendrix had three siblings, Joseph, born in 1949, Kathy in 1950, and Pamela,1951, all of whom Al and Lucille gave up to foster care
30.
Led Zeppelin
–
Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968. The group consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page, singer Robert Plant, bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones, after changing their name from the New Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin signed a deal with Atlantic Records that afforded them considerable artistic freedom. Their fourth album, which features the track Stairway to Heaven, is among the most popular and influential works in rock music, Page wrote most of Led Zeppelins music, particularly early in their career, while Plant generally supplied the lyrics. Jones keyboard-based compositions later became central to the catalogue, which featured increasing experimentation. The latter half of their career saw a series of record-breaking tours that earned the group a reputation for excess, in the decades that followed, the surviving members sporadically collaborated and participated in one-off Led Zeppelin reunions. The most successful of these was the 2007 Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert in London, Led Zeppelin are widely considered one of the most successful, innovative, and influential rock groups in history. They are one of the music artists in the history of audio recording. With RIAA-certified sales of 111.5 million units, they are the band in the US. Each of their nine studio albums placed in the top 10 of the Billboard album chart and they achieved eight consecutive UK number-one albums. Rolling Stone magazine described them as the heaviest band of all time, the biggest band of the Seventies, and unquestionably one of the most enduring bands in rock history. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, in 1966, London-based session guitarist Jimmy Page joined the blues-influenced rock band the Yardbirds to replace bassist Paul Samwell-Smith. Page soon switched from bass to guitar, creating a dual lead guitar line-up with Jeff Beck. Following Becks departure in October 1966, the Yardbirds, tired from constant touring and recording, Page wanted to form a supergroup with him and Beck on guitars, and the Whos Keith Moon and John Entwistle on drums and bass, respectively. Vocalists Steve Winwood and Steve Marriott were also considered for the project, the group never formed, although Page, Beck, and Moon did record a song together in 1966, Becks Bolero, in a session that also included bassist-keyboardist John Paul Jones. The Yardbirds played their final gig in July 1968 at Luton College of Technology in Bedfordshire, Page and Dreja began putting a new line-up together. Pages first choice for the singer was Terry Reid, but Reid declined the offer and suggested Robert Plant. Plant eventually accepted the position, recommending former Band of Joy drummer John Bonham, Jones inquired about the vacant position at the suggestion of his wife after Dreja dropped out of the project to become a photographer. Page had known Jones since they were both musicians and agreed to let him join as the final member
31.
UFO (band)
–
UFO are an English rock band that was formed in London in 1969. They became a group between early hard rock and heavy metal and the new wave of British heavy metal. The bands current lineup includes vocalist Phil Mogg, guitarist Vinnie Moore, bass guitarist Rob De Luca, keyboardist and rhythm guitarist Paul Raymond and they have gone through several line-up changes, leaving Mogg as the only constant member, and had two hiatuses. The band are notable for featuring former Scorpions guitarist and MSG founder Michael Schenker. Over a career spanning 48 years, UFO have released 22 studio albums,14 live recordings and 16 compilation albums. They achieved moderate success in the late 1970s and early 1980s with several albums and singles in the UK and US Top 40 charts, the band were ranked No.84 on VH1s 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock. Lead singer Phil Mogg, guitarist Mick Bolton, bassist Pete Way and their eponymously titled first album debuted in 1970 and was a typical example of early hard rock including a heavy version of the Eddie Cochrans classic Cmon Everybody. Both UFO1 and its follow-up UFO2, Flying, were successful in Japan and Germany, consequently, their third effort, Live, was originally only released in Japan in 1971. Part of UFOs early work was influenced by space rock that was modestly popular at the time. In January 1972, Mick Bolton left the group, and UFO set out to find a guitarist who could provide the band with a standard rock sound. After brief trial runs with Larry Wallis and Bernie Marsden the band recruited Michael Schenker from Scorpions in June 1973, Schenker was only 18 at the time but was already a well-respected guitarist. On a new label, Chrysalis Records, the revamped UFO recorded a single in 1973, Give Her The Gun. In 1974 and with a new producer, Leo Lyons, UFO recorded Phenomenon, Phenomenon contains many fan favorites such as Doctor Doctor and Rock Bottom. By the time of the Phenomenon tour, ex-Skid Row guitarist Paul Chapman joined the group, two later albums, Force It and No Heavy Petting, and extensive touring brought UFO increased visibility with American audiences and increased their following in the UK. The song Belladonna from No Heavy Petting was very popular in USSR after the version of Alexander Barykin. In July 1976, the band recruited keyboardist and rhythm guitarist Paul Raymond from Savoy Brown to make 1977s Lights Out and this album was the pinnacle of UFOs studio career containing songs such as Too Hot to Handle, Lights Out, and the 7-minute opus Love to Love. With Lights Out, the band received critical acclaim. With their new-found success, the band went back into the studio to record Obsession in 1978, later that year, the band went on tour in the USA and recorded a live album, Strangers In The Night, which was released in January 1979
32.
Montgomery Ward
–
Montgomery Ward was the name of two historically distinct American retail enterprises. It can refer either to the mail order and department store retailer. Montgomery Ward was founded by Aaron Montgomery Ward in 1872, Ward had conceived of the idea of a dry goods mail-order business in Chicago, Illinois, after several years of working as a traveling salesman among rural customers. He observed that rural customers often wanted city goods, but their access to them was through rural retailers who had little competition. He and two partners used $1,600 they had raised in capital and issued their first catalog in August 1872 and it consisted of an 8 in ×12 in single-sheet price list, listing 163 items for sale with ordering instructions for which Ward had written the copy. His two partners left the year, but he continued the struggling business and was joined by his future brother-in-law. In the first few years, the business was not well received by rural retailers, considering Ward a threat, they sometimes publicly burned his catalog. Customers were also inspired by the innovative and unprecedented company policy of satisfaction guaranteed or your money back, Ward turned the copy writing over to department heads, but he continued poring over every detail in the catalog for accuracy. In 1883, the catalog, which became popularly known as the Wish Book, had grown to 240 pages and 10,000 items. In 1896, Wards encountered its first serious competition in the mail order business, in 1900, Wards had total sales of $8.7 million, compared to $10 million for Sears, and both companies would struggle for dominance during much of the 20th century. By 1904, the company had expanded as such that it mailed three million catalogs, weighing 4 lb each, to customers, in 1908, the company opened a 1. 25-million-square-foot building stretching along nearly one-quarter mile of the Chicago River, north of downtown Chicago. The building, known as the Montgomery Ward & Co, catalog House, served as the company headquarters until 1974, when the offices moved across the street to a new tower designed by Minoru Yamasaki. The catalog house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1978, in the decades before 1930, Montgomery Ward built a network of large distributions centers across the country in Baltimore, Fort Worth, Kansas City, St. Paul, Portland, and Oakland. In most cases, these concrete structures were the largest industrial structures in their respective locations. The Baltimore Montgomery Ward Warehouse and Retail Store was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000, Ward died in 1913, after 41 years running the catalog business. Thorne, died in 1917, and was succeeded by Robert J. Thorne, Robert Thorne retired in 1920 due to ill health. In 1926, the company broke with its mail-order-only tradition when it opened its first retail store in Plymouth. It continued to operate its business while pursuing an aggressive campaign to build retail outlets in the late-1920s
33.
Fender Stratocaster
–
The Fender Stratocaster is a model of electric guitar designed in 1954 by Leo Fender, Bill Carson, George Fullerton, and Freddie Tavares. The Fender Musical Instruments Corporation has continuously manufactured the Stratocaster from 1954 to the present and it is a double-cutaway guitar, with an extended top horn shape for balance. Along with the Gibson Les Paul, it is one of the most often emulated electric guitar shapes, Stratocaster and Strat are trademark terms belonging to Fender. The Fender Stratocaster was the first guitar to feature three pickups and a spring tension tremolo system, as well as being the first Fender with a contoured body, the Stratocasters sleek, contoured body shape differed from the flat, slab-like design of the Telecaster. The Stratocasters double cutaways allowed players access to higher positions on the neck. Starting in 1954, the Stratocaster was offered with a solid, deeply contoured ash body, a 21-fret one-piece maple neck with black dot inlays, the color was originally a two color sunburst pattern, although custom color guitars were produced. In 1956, Fender began using alder for sunburst and most custom color Stratocaster bodies, in 1960, the available custom colors were standardized, many of which were automobile lacquer colors from DuPont available at an additional 5% cost. A unique single-ply, 8-screw hole white pickguard held all electronic components except the recessed jack plate—facilitating easy assembly, in this floating position, players could move the bridge-mounted tremolo arm up or down to modulate the pitch of the notes being played. Hank Marvin, Jeff Beck and Ike Turner used the Strats floating tremolo extensively in their playing, as string gauges have changed, players have experimented with the number of tremolo springs, and modern Stratocasters ship with three springs. Some Strats have a bridge in place of the tremolo assembly. There is considerable debate about the effects on tone and sustain of the used in the tremolo systems inertia bar. The Stratocaster features three single coil pickups, with the originally selected by a 3-way switch. In 1977 Fender introduced a 5-way selector making such pickup combinations more stable, dick Dale is a prominent Stratocaster player who also collaborated with Leo Fender in developing the Fender Showman amplifier. In the early 1960s, the instrument was also championed by Hank Marvin, guitarist for the Shadows, in 1965, George Harrison and John Lennon acquired Stratocasters and used them for Help. Rubber Soul and later recording sessions, the double unison guitar solo on Nowhere Man is played by Harrison and Lennon on their new Stratocasters, after the introduction of the Fender Stratocaster Ultra series in 1989, ebony was officially selected as a fretboard material on some models. In December 1965 the Stratocaster was given a broader headstock with altered decals to match the size of the Jazzmaster, during the CBS era, particularly the 1970s, the perceived quality of Fender instruments fell. During this time, vintage instruments from the era became popular. Dan Smith, with the help of John Page, proceeded to work on a reissue of the most popular guitars of Leo Fenders era
34.
Gibson Flying V
–
The Gibson Flying V is an electric guitar model first released by Gibson in 1958. The Flying V offered a radical, futuristic design, much like its siblings, the Explorer, which was released the same year and the Moderne. Gibson first manufactured prototypes of the guitar in 1957, production guitars were made of korina wood, a trademarked name for limba, a wood similar to but lighter in color than mahogany. This Flying V, along with the Futura and, initially and these designs were meant to add a more futuristic aspect to Gibsons image, but they did not sell well. After the initial launch in 1958, the line was discontinued by 1959, some instruments were assembled from leftover parts and shipped in 1963, with nickel- rather than gold-plated hardware. McCarty started out with a guitar that was rounded in the back instead of being cut out. Gibson decided to change the back for weight reduction, blues-rock guitarist Lonnie Mack and blues guitarist Albert King started using the guitar almost immediately. Mack used his 1958 Flying V almost exclusively during his career, the renewed interest created a demand for Gibson to reissue the model. Some models were shipped with a short Vibrola Maestro Tremolo and this 1967 model is now the standard for the Flying V although the earlier design is periodically reissued. Like other Gibson guitars the Flying Vs headstock is angled at 17 degrees to increase string pressure on the nut to increase the amount of sustain, the design of the V places the pickups near the center of mass of the entire guitar, further enhancing sustain. Both Gibson and Epiphone currently produce a 1958 style Flying V, although a staple in the Gibson lineup, the guitar has been discontinued on-and-off again in the 2010s, along with the Gibson Explorer. In 2016, Gibson produced the Flying V Pro which had a smaller body and had cream binding on the neck. Since the 2017 models have been released however, Gibson have changed its name to the Flying V2016. As of 2017, Gibson USA manufacture only the Flying V2017 which has a half guard and is available in both Ebony and Alpine White, as well as Traditional spec and High performance models. Gibson Custom continues to produce the Flying V Standard and Custom, when Tim Shaw arrived at Gibson in 1978, one of his first assignments was to help with designing a companion Guitar to the newly designed E2 Explorer Guitar. This companion guitar would be the new Gibson V2, the general shape of previous Flying Vs was retained by Gibson, but the new V2 sported a new 5-layered sculptured walnut and maple body. Initially these guitars came in a finish to accentuate the layered effect. This layering was known at Gibson as the Sandwich and the body gave the layering a 3D effect
35.
Burger King
–
Burger King is an American global chain of hamburger fast food restaurants. Headquartered in the area of Miami-Dade County, Florida, the company was founded in 1953 as InstaBurger King. After Insta-Burger King ran into difficulties in 1954, its two Miami-based franchisees David Edgerton and James McLamore purchased the company and renamed it Burger King. In late 2010, 3G Capital of Brazil acquired a majority stake in the company, the new owners promptly initiated a restructuring of the company to reverse its fortunes. The 1970s were the Golden Age of the advertising, but beginning in the early-1980s. A series of less successful advertising campaigns created by a procession of advertising agencies continued for the two decades. While highly successful, some of CP+Bs commercials were derided for perceived sexism or cultural insensitivity, Burger Kings menu has expanded from a basic offering of burgers, French fries, sodas, and milkshakes to a larger and more diverse set of products. In 1957, the Whopper became the first major addition to the menu, conversely, BK has introduced many products, which failed to catch hold in the marketplace. Some of these failures in the United States have seen success in foreign markets, from 2002 to 2010, Burger King aggressively targeted the 18–34 male demographic with larger products that often carried correspondingly large amounts of unhealthy fats and trans-fats. This tactic would eventually damage the financial underpinnings, and cast a negative pall on its earnings. As of December 31,2016, Burger King reported it had 15,738 outlets in 100 countries. Of these,47. 5% are in the United States and 99. 5% are privately owned and operated, BK has historically used several variations of franchising to expand its operations. Burger Kings relationship with its franchises has not always been harmonious, occasional spats between the two have caused numerous issues, and in several instances, the companys and its licensees relations have degenerated into precedent-setting court cases. Burger Kings Australian franchise Hungry Jacks is the franchise to operate under a different name, due to a trademark dispute. The predecessor to Burger King was founded in 1953 in Jacksonville, Florida and their production model was based on one of the machines they had acquired, an oven called the Insta-Broiler. This strategy proved to be so successful that later required all of their franchises to use the device. After the company faltered in 1959, it was purchased by its Miami, Florida, franchisees, James McLamore and they initiated a corporate restructuring of the chain, first renaming the company Burger King. They ran the company as an independent entity for eight years, pillsburys management tried several times to restructure Burger King during the late 1970s and the early 1980s
36.
Marshall Amplification
–
Marshall Amplification is an English company that designs and manufactures music amplifiers, speaker cabinets, brands personal headphones/earphones, and, having acquired Natal Drums, drums and bongos. It was founded by drum shop owner and drummer Jim Marshall, Marshalls guitar amplifiers are among the most recognised in the world. They are known for their Marshall crunch, after gaining a lot of publicity, Marshall guitar amplifiers and loudspeaker cabinets were sought by guitarists for this new sound and increased volume. Many of the current and reissue Marshall guitar amplifiers continue to use vacuum tubes, Marshall also manufactures less expensive solid-state, hybrid and modelling amplifiers. These were very popular with guitarists and bass players, but were very expensive, the three guitarists were among the first customers of the first 23 Marshall Amplifiers made. They most liked the sound of the 4x10 Fender Bassman and made several prototypes using the Fender Bassman amplifier as a model, the sixth prototype produced, in Jims words, the Marshall Sound. The original idea was talked about late one night in early 1963 in a Wimpy bar in Ealing in West London. The first six units were assembled in the garden sheds of Ken Bran, Dudley Craven. They were almost copies of the Bassman circuit, with American military-surplus 5881 power valves, few speakers were then able to handle more than 15 watts, which meant that an amplifier approaching 50 watts had to use four speakers. Other crucial differences included the use of higher-gain ECC83 valves throughout the preamp, and these circuit changes gave the amp more gain so that it broke into overdrive sooner on the volume control than the Bassman, and boosted the treble frequencies. This new amplifier, tentatively called the Mark II, was named the JTM45, after Jim and his son Terry Marshall. Marshall entered into a 15-year distribution deal with British company Rose-Morris during 1965, in retrospect, Marshall admitted the Rose-Morris deal was the biggest mistake I ever made. For export, they added 55% onto my price, which pretty much priced us out of the market for a long time. The new contract had disenfranchised several of Marshalls former distributors, among them his old friend Johnny Jones, Marshalls contract did not prevent him from building amplifiers outside the company, and so Marshall launched the Park brand name, inspired by the maiden name of Joness wife. To comply with his contract stipulations, these amplifiers had minor changes compared to the regular Marshalls. Starting in early 1965, Park produced a number of amplifiers including a 45-watt head, most of these had Marshall layout and components, though some unusual amplifiers were made, such as a 75 watt keyboard amplifier with KT88 tubes. A 2×12 combo had the option of sending the first channel into the second, the 1972 Park 75 put out about 100 watts by way of two KT88s, whereas the comparable 50-watt Model 1987 of that time used 2 EL34 tubes. In 1982, Park came to an end, though Marshall later revived the brand for some transistor amplifiers made in Asia, other brand names Marshall Amplification had used for various business reasons included Big M, Kitchen/Marshall, Narb and CMI
37.
Paul Baloff
–
Paul Baloff was an American singer, most notable for his time in thrash metal band Exodus. Exodus guitarist Kirk Hammett and Baloff met at a North Berkeley house party in 1981 and became fast friends due to their admiration for punk rock. Baloff joined Exodus in 1982 as lead vocalist to complete the lineup which included Hammett, guitarist Gary Holt, drummer Tom Hunting, Exodus recorded their first album Bonded by Blood in the summer of 1984. Audio engineering college student Mark Whitaker, who had attended school with Baloff, oversaw management. 1984 concert photos from Exodus shows at Aquatic Parks Eastern Front Metal Festival, originally titled A Lesson in Violence, the album was not released until April 1985 amidst creative and business setbacks. He was replaced by Steve Zetro Souza, who had previously been the lead vocalist for Legacy, Baloff went on to form the band Piranha. He sang in bands in the San Francisco Bay area like Piranha, Hirax. After a few dormant years of Exodus extended hiatus, Baloff briefly reunited with Holt and Hunolt to reform Exodus and they released a live album in 1997 titled Another Lesson in Violence. In 2001, Exodus reformed once again, There was talk of recording a new studio album and the band continued to play local gigs in and around the San Francisco Bay Area. However, in February 2002, Baloff suffered a stroke left him in a coma. Former vocalist Steve Souza was recruited back into the band to finish the rest of their concert commitments, although it appeared to outsiders that with Baloffs death Exodus would cease to exist, guitarist Gary Holt was determined to release a new studio record. The result was 2004s Tempo of the Damned which is dedicated to Baloffs memory, in October 2008, Exodus released a re-recording of their 1985 debut album Bonded by Blood entitled Let There Be Blood. We have decided to call it Let There Be Blood and it is our way of paying homage to Paul Baloff by showing how relevant these songs we had written together still are and we arent trying to replace the original, thats impossible anyway. We are just giving these songs the benefit of modern production and its something we talked about before Pauls death and its always been important to us to do. We were super excited about entering the studio again to record these classics. On February 4,2012 a Paul Baloff Memorial Reunion Concert was held at the Oakland Metro Opera House, former and current members included Kirk Hammett, Rick Hunolt, Gary Holt, Geoff Andrews, Lee Altus, Rob Dukes, Tom Hunting and Jack Gibson. It was the first they have all played together since 1983, the band was confirmed for the Graspop Festival and for the Hellfest in June 2012. 1982 Demo Bonded by Blood Pleasures of the Flesh Lessons in Violence Another Lesson in Violence Let There Be Blood
38.
Gary Holt (musician)
–
Gary Wayne Holt is an American guitarist from the San Francisco Bay Area. After guitarist Tim Agnello left Exodus in 1981, Holt joined the band and has been the main songwriter and the most senior member of the group ever since. Following Kirk Hammetts 1983 departure from Exodus to join Metallica, Holt kept the band going and for years, he. Holt is the member of Exodus who has played on every album. On February 12,2011, it was announced that Holt would be filling in for Jeff Hanneman in the band Slayer. Holt also played with Slayer for the Big 4 Concert in Indio California on April 23,2011, as well as Fun Fun Fun Fest in Austin, Holt is still touring with Slayer and agreed to fill in after Jeff Hanneman died on May 2,2013. He also recorded tracks on Slayers 2015 album Repentless, but did not have any writing contributions on the album. In October 2008, Holt released a guitar video called A Lesson in Guitar Violence. He also produced Warbringers second album, Waking into Nightmares and he has also used Ibanez, B. C. Rich, Jackson Guitars, Bernie Rico Jr. and Yamaha guitars, for amplification, he currently uses a Marshall DSL100H in Slayer and a ENGL Savage 120 in Exodus as well as a Kemper Profiling amp. In the past, he has used a modified Marshall JCM800, Marshall JVM, Peavey Triple XXX, before using the DSL100H and Marshall JVM amps with Slayer, Holt made use of Jeff Hannemans touring rack. Holts main guitar influences are Ritchie Blackmore, Michael Schenker, Angus Young, Tony Iommi, Uli Jon Roth, Matthias Jabs and his favorite bands include Venom, Motörhead, Black Sabbath, early Iron Maiden and Judas Priest. Gary Holt is married to Lisa Perticone and has 2 daughters, Perticone also has a teenage daughter from a previous relationship. Outside of music, Holt enjoys foreign and period films and he is also an avid watcher of cable news channels, pursuant to his interest in U. S. politics. Its just one debunked lie after the other, hes the kind of guy who will tell you the sky is red, you look up and its blue, and he wont admit hes wrong. Palin is just terrifying, the thought of this lady being a heart attack away from having the nuclear codes, in the 2004 election, Holt vouched for John Kerry, but conceded. theyre all dirty crooks, all politicians. But at least wasnt a coward and he fought in Vietnam whereas George W. Bush Jr. was a draft dodger. Exhibit A2008 Let There Be Blood 2010 Exhibit B, The Human Condition 2014 Blood In, Blood Out Slayer 2015 – Repentless Asylum 1990 Asylum Destruction 2008 D. E. V. O. L. U. T. I. O. N
39.
Tom Hunting
–
Thomas Tom Hunting is an American drummer, famous for his work with the band Exodus. He played on their first three albums, Bonded by Blood, Pleasures of the Flesh, and Fabulous Disaster, Hunting later left the band due to illness in 1989 and was replaced by John Tempesta. In 1996, he reunited with Paul Baloff, Gary Holt, Rick Hunolt, in 2005, he, along with Steve Zetro Souza, and Rick Hunolt left the band. Hunting was replaced with drummer Paul Bostaph, who had left Slayer when Dave Lombardo rejoined the band, later, in 2007, Hunting rejoined the band when Bostaph left to rejoin Testament. He has said that he is friends with Bostaph. He is the original member of the band left, although he departed from the band on two occasions. Since Exodus reformation in 2001 he has played on five of the six albums, Tempo of the Damned. Exhibit A, Let There Be Blood, Exhibit B, The Human Condition and Blood In, Hunting has cited Creedence Clearwater Revival, John Bonham, Keith Moon, Neil Peart, Michael Derosier and Clive Burr as his influences. Drums,22 x 17 Oak Custom Bass Drum 10 x 8 Oak Custom Tom Tom 12 x 9 Oak Custom Tom Tom 16 x 16 Oak Custom Floor Tom 18 x 16 Oak Custom Floor Tom 14 x 6
40.
Leon Uris
–
Leon Marcus Uris was an American author, known for his historical fiction. His two bestselling books were Exodus and Trinity, Uris was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Jewish American parents Wolf William and Anna Uris. His father, a Polish-born immigrant, was a paperhanger, then a storekeeper and his mother was first-generation Russian American. William spent a year in Palestine after World War I before entering the United States and he derived his last name from Yerushalmi, meaning man of Jerusalem. He was basically a failure, Uris later said of his father, I think his personality was formed by the harsh realities of being a Jew in Czarist Russia. I think failure formed his character, made him bitter, at age six, Uris reportedly wrote an operetta inspired by the death of his dog. He attended schools in Norfolk, Virginia and Baltimore, but never graduated high school. When he was 17 and in his year of high school. He served in the South Pacific with the 2nd Battalion, 6th Marines, where he was stationed in New Zealand, and fought as a radioman in combat on Guadalcanal and Tarawa from 1942 through 1944. He was sent to the US after suffering from fever, malaria. While recuperating from malaria in San Francisco, he met Betty Beck, coming out of the service, he worked for a newspaper, writing in his spare time. Esquire magazine, in 1950, bought an article, and he began to devote himself to writing more seriously, drawing on his experiences in Guadalcanal and Tarawa, he produced the best-selling Battle Cry, a novel depicting the toughness and courage of U. S. He then went to Warner Brothers in Hollywood helping to write the movie and he went on to write The Angry Hills, a novel set in war-time Greece. His best-known work may be Exodus, which was published in 1958 and it is said that the book involved two years of research, and involved thousands of interviews. Exodus illustrated the history of Palestine from the late 19th century through the founding of the state of Israel in 1948, Uris 1967 novel Topaz was adapted for the screen and directed by Alfred Hitchcock in 1969. He wrote the screenplays for Battle Cry and Gunfight at the O. K. Corral and his work having to do with the subject of Israel has been criticized for being biased against Arabs. His first wife was Betty Beck, whom he married in 1945 and they had three children before divorcing in 1968. He then married Marjorie Edwards in 1968, who committed suicide by gunshot the following year and his third and last wife was Jill Peabody, with whom he had two children
41.
Exodus (Uris novel)
–
Exodus is an historical novel by American novelist Leon Uris about the founding of the State of Israel. Published in 1958, it begins with a retelling of the voyages of the 1947 immigration ship Exodus. Uris covered the Arab–Israeli fighting as a war correspondent in 1956, Exodus became an international publishing phenomenon, the biggest bestseller in the United States since Gone with the Wind. The book remained number one on the New York Times bestseller list for eight months after its release, the story unfolds with the protagonist, Ari Ben Canaan, hatching a plot to transport Jewish refugees from a British detention camp in Cyprus to Palestine. The operation is carried out under the auspices of the Mossad Lealiyah Bet, the book then goes on to trace the histories of the various main characters and the ties of their personal lives to the birth of the new Jewish state. Otto Preminger directed a 1960 film based on the novel, featuring Paul Newman as Ari Ben Canaan and it focuses mainly on the escape from Cyprus and subsequent events in Palestine. The main plot of the novel, writes Bonnie Helms, involves a story of great courage, among the characters are freedom fighters Ari and Barak Ben Canaan and Dov Landau, whose stories are told in flashbacks. American nurse Kitty Fremont and German refugee Karen Hansen work alongside them to defeat the British blockade of Palestine. The novel includes several stories, although they often take place in surroundings of violence. Uris gives the reader a sense of the past, present. The personal stories in Exodus inspired its characters to seek their meaning and those settings were composed of their previous personal experiences, which were then grounded in both religion and geography. According to William Darby, The leading characters in Exodus only find happiness when they understand that they must conjoin nationalistic, religious. Ari Ben Canaan was born and raised on a kibbutz but goes on to one of the mainstays of the Israeli freedom movement. The handsome Canaan is described as six feet and three tall, with dark hair and ice-blue eyes. His father, Barak Ben Canaan, heads the Jewish Agency for Palestine and his uncle Akiva leads the Maccabees, a militant organization. The brothers came to Palestine after their father was murdered in a pogrom, as a young man, Ari was in love with a young woman, Dafna, who was tortured, raped, and murdered by Arabs. Dafna later becomes the namesake of the village, Gan Dafna. As part of the Mossad Aliyah Bet, Ari is extremely creative in devising techniques to bring Jews from all over the world to Palestine – more than allowed by the British quota
42.
Bay Area thrash
–
Bay Area thrash metal, or Bay Area thrash, referred to a steady following of heavy metal bands in the 1980s who formed and gained international status in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. Along with South Florida, the scene was regarded as a starting point of American thrash metal. The earliest documented roots of the Bay Area thrash scene date back to the formation of Exodus in 1980, Exodus had distributed an untitled demo the same year with a line-up that included guitarist Kirk Hammett. The group had moved into a Carlson Blvd, house in El Cerrito, near Albany Hill, which had been rented by Mark Whitaker, then-manager of Exodus. Former Exodus bassist Geoff Andrews co-founded Possessed before Becerra replaced him in 1983, blind Illusion co-founder Les Claypool would unsuccessfully audition as Metallicas bassist in 1986 after Burtons bus accident death in Sweden. Heavy metal in Southern California had spanned back to the 1970s, however, from the mid-1980s until the early 1990s, glam metal had been the pervading and popular subgenre within the boundaries of the Los Angeles scene. Oakland native Jeff Hanneman was a founding Slayer member, Paul Bostaph had been Slayers full-time drummer for the balance of the 1990s, similarly, drummer Dave Lombardo played on Testaments The Gathering album before returning to Slayer in 2004. Before the 1989 dissolution of Desecration, Concord drummer Chris Reifert had been a live guest musician at one of the bands shows, both records had been produced by Randy Burns. As different thrash metal scenes developed around the world throughout the 1980s, each had their own distinct style, Hammett, Hetfield and Ulrich have also cited Venom and Budgie as important influences, in addition to punk acts like the Misfits, Charged GBH and Discharge. Albums that very much reflected this era and inspiration include Kill Em All and Bonded By Blood. Hirax, while Orange County, CA-based, had connections to bands of the Bay Area thrash scene, as the group had played at Ruthies Inn. Satriani would also produce Possesseds 1987 The Eyes of Horror EP, Jeff Becerra of Possessed cites early Exodus, Venom and Motörhead as his inspirations, calling bassist/vocalist Lemmy his greatest of influences. However, former Possessed member Brian Montana explained that guitarist Mike Torrao once wanted Possessed to have a Slayer-type outfit, Montana also cited early Exodus as an influence, in addition to Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, Yngwie Malmsteen and Joe Satriani. In regards to heavy metal and image, Sadus co-founder Steve DiGiorgio explained. You needed to look like a bad dude, and we just looked like normal dudes. It wasn’t about trying to impress everybody and we just wore our normal stuff and we didn’t really think about it. For logos, many bands within the Bay Area scene had a more DIY-artistic approach compared to the metal bands using an already established font. Conversely, professional illustrators were sometimes utilized to design album art, lyrical topics generally dealt in themes like the occult, horror, death, witchcraft, warfare, destruction, violence, apocalypse, rebellion and tyranny. However, some took on subjects more relevant to the day
43.
Rochester, New York
–
Rochester is a city on the southern shore of Lake Ontario in the western portion of the U. S. state of New York, and the seat of Monroe County. The citys population was the third largest — after New York City. This area, which is part of the Western New York region, had a population of 1,079,671 at the time of the 2010 Census, a Census estimate of July 1,2012, raised that number to 1,082,284. Rochester was one of Americas first boomtowns, and rose to prominence as the site of many mills along the Genesee River. Several of the universities have renowned research programs. In addition, Rochester is the site of important inventions and innovations in consumer products. Until 2010, the Rochester metropolitan area was the second-largest regional economy in New York State, internal Revenue Service, after the New York City metropolitan area. Rochesters GMP has since ranked just below that of Buffalo, New York, the 25th edition of the Places Rated Almanac rated Rochester as the most livable city in 2007, among 379 U. S. metropolitan areas. In 2010 Forbes rated Rochester as the third-best place to raise a family, in 2012 Kiplinger rated Rochester as the fifth-best city for families, citing low cost of living, top public schools, and a low jobless rate. Of the 19 places in the United States named Rochester at least eight were named directly after Rochester, New York, having been founded or settled by former residents. These include Rochester, Indiana, Rochester, Texas, Rochester, Iowa, Rochester, Kentucky, Rochester, Michigan, Rochester, Minnesota, Rochester, Nevada, and Rochester, Ohio. The Seneca tribe of Native Americans lived in and around Rochester until they lost their claim to most of land in the Treaty of Big Tree in 1797. Settlement before the Seneca tribe is unknown, development of modern Rochester followed the American Revolution, and forced cession of their territory by the Iroquois after the defeat of Great Britain. Allied with the British, four major Iroquois tribes were forced from New York. As a reward for their loyalty to the British Crown, they were given a land grant on the Grand River in Canada. Rochester was founded shortly after the American Revolution by a wave of English-Puritan descended immigrants from New England who were looking for new agricultural land and they would be the dominant cultural group in Rochester for over a century. They chose the site because its three cataracts on the Genesee offered great potential for water power, beginning in 1811, and with a population of 15, the three founders surveyed the land and laid out streets and tracts. In 1817, the Brown brothers and other landowners joined their lands with the Hundred Acre Tract to form the village of Rochesterville, by 1821, Rochesterville was the seat of Monroe County
44.
Dave Mustaine
–
David Scott Dave Mustaine is an American musician, singer, songwriter, actor and author. David Mustaine was born September 13,1961 in La Mesa, California, to Emily and his father was of French, Canadian and Irish descent and his mother was German. He was brought up as a Jehovahs Witness, the lineup was Mike Leftwych on drums, Bob Evans on bass, Tom Quecke on rhythm guitar, Pat Voeks as the vocalist, with Mustaine as the lead guitarist. Both Mike Leftwych and the man were killed in a car crash after Panics second show. In 1981, Mustaine left Panic to join Metallica as the lead guitarist, Metallicas drummer Lars Ulrich had posted an ad in a local newspaper, The Recycler, looking for a lead guitarist. In his own words, Mustaine remembers his first meeting with James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich, I was in the warming up and I walked out and asked. And they said, No, youve got the job, I couldnt believe how easy it had been and suggested that we get some beer to celebrate. Mustaines membership in Metallica ended before recording Kill Em All in 1983, brian Slagel, owner of Metal Blade Records, recalls in an interview, Dave was an incredibly talented guy but he also had an incredibly large problem with alcohol and drugs. Hed get wasted and become a crazy person, a raging megalomaniac. I mean, they all drank of course, but Dave drank more … much more, I could see they were beginning to get fed up of seeing Dave drunk out of his mind all the time. On one occasion, Mustaine brought his dog to rehearsal, the dog jumped onto the car of Metallica bassist Ron McGovney, Hetfield allegedly yelled at Mustaines dog and kicked it in anger, to which Mustaine responded by physically attacking Hetfield and McGovney and verbally abusing Ulrich. Mustaine was fired following the altercation, but the next day, another incident occurred when Mustaine, who had been drinking, poured a full can of beer down the neck and into the pick-ups of McGovneys bass. McGovney then told Mustaine and Hetfield to leave his house and left the band shortly after, the band packed up Mustaines gear, drove him to the Port Authority Bus Terminal, and put him on a Greyhound bus bound for Los Angeles. It was on this bus ride that Mustaine scribbled some lyrical ideas on the back of a hand bill, which would later become the song Set the World Afire from the 1988 Megadeth album So Far, So Good. During his time in Metallica, Mustaine toured with the band, co-wrote four songs that appeared on Kill Em All, Mustaine has also made unverified claims to have written parts of Leper Messiah from Master of Puppets. He also recorded songs with the band including the No Life Til Leather demo tape. A few of the songs he wrote with Hetfield and Ulrich went on to be re-recorded by Metallica. The most well-known of these is The Four Horsemen from Kill Em All, Fallen Angels was the name of the short-lived band that Mustaine founded after his departure from Metallica
45.
Megadeth
–
Megadeth is an American thrash metal band from Los Angeles, California. Guitarist Dave Mustaine and bassist David Ellefson formed the band in 1983 shortly after Mustaines dismissal from Metallica. A pioneer of the American thrash metal scene, the band is credited as one of the big four with Anthrax, Metallica and Slayer, responsible for thrash metals development. Megadeth plays in a style, featuring fast rhythm sections. Themes of death, war, politics and religion are prominent in the song lyrics, in 1985, the band released its debut album on the independent label Combat Records. The albums moderate commercial success caught the attention of bigger labels and their first major-label album, Peace Sells. But Whos Buying. was released in 1986 and influenced the underground metal scene, despite its prominence in thrash metal, frequent disputes between its members and substance abuse issues brought Megadeth negative publicity during this period. After the lineup stabilized, the released a number of platinum-selling albums, including Rust in Peace. These albums, along with touring worldwide, helped bring recognition to Megadeth. The band temporarily disbanded in 2002 when Mustaine suffered an arm injury and re-established in 2004 without bassist Ellefson, Ellefson settled with Mustaine out of court and rejoined the group in 2010. Megadeth has hosted its own festival, Gigantour, several times since mid-2005. As of 2014, Megadeth had sold 50 million records worldwide, earned platinum certification in the United States for five of its fifteen studio albums, Megadeth won its first Grammy Award in 2017 for the song Dystopia in the Best Metal Performance category. The bands mascot, Vic Rattlehead, regularly appears on album artwork and, since 2010, the group has experienced controversy over its musical approach and lyrics, including canceled concerts and album bans. MTV has refused to play two of the videos that the network considered to condone suicide. As Metallicas lead guitarist since 1982, Mustaine had composed some of the early songs. Afterward, Mustaine vowed revenge by forming a band that was faster and heavier than Metallica. On the bus back to Los Angeles, Mustaine found a pamphlet by California senator Alan Cranston that read. The term Megadeath stuck with Mustaine and he wrote a song with the slightly changed to Megadeth
46.
New York (state)
–
New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
47.
Kill 'Em All
–
Kill Em All is the debut studio album by the American heavy metal band Metallica, released on July 25,1983, by the independent record label Megaforce Records. Kill Em All is regarded as an album for thrash metal because of its precise musicianship. Its musical approach and lyrics were different from rocks mainstream of the early Eighties. Kill Em All was critically praised at the time of its release and in retrospect and it was certified 3× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1999 for shipping three million copies in the United States. The album generated two singles, Whiplash and Jump in the Fire, Metallica began by playing shows in local clubs in Los Angeles. They recorded several demos to gain attention from club owners, the groups No Life til Leather demo was noticed by Megaforce label head Jon Zazula, who signed them and provided a small budget of $15,000 for recording. The album was recorded in May with producer Paul Curcio at the Music America Studios in Rochester and it was originally intended to be titled Metal Up Your Ass, with cover art featuring a hand clutching a dagger emerging from a toilet bowl. The band was asked to change the name because distributors feared releasing an album such an offensive title. Metallica promoted the album on the two-month co-headlining Kill Em All for One tour with Raven in the United States. Although the initial shipment was 15,000 copies in the US, Metallica was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles by drummer Lars Ulrich and vocalist James Hetfield. Before settling on a lineup, Metal Blade Records owner Brian Slagel asked Metallica to record a song for the first edition of his Metal Massacre compilation. Hetfield and Ulrich chose Hit the Lights from Hetfields previous band Leather Charm, and recorded it with Hetfields childhood friend Ron McGovney on bass, the bands first lineup featured Hetfield, Ulrich, McGovney, and guitarist Dave Mustaine, who was acquired through a newspaper advertisement. The band practiced in McGovneys garage and inquired to play gigs at local clubs, Metallicas first show was on March 14,1982, at the Radio City in Anaheim. The nine-song setlist consisted of two originals and covers of new wave of British heavy metal such as Diamond Head, Blitzkrieg, Savage. The gig was notorious because Mustaine had problems with the guitar distortion pedal, Metallicas second gig was March 27 at Hollywoods Whisky a Go Go, opening for Saxon. Although Mötley Crüe was originally scheduled to open the show, the group canceled because of its growing popularity, Metallica recorded a three-song demo to persuade the venues management to allow the band to open for Saxon. Metallicas third concert was in April, at which was premiered The Mechanix, Mustaine interacted with the fans at Metallicas earliest shows because Hetfield was shy. To get attention from club owners, Metallica recorded the Power Metal demo which featured Motorbreath in addition to the already-performed originals, the logo, displaying the bands name with the first and last letter drawn larger with sharp serifs and italicized, was designed by Hetfield
48.
Joe Satriani
–
Joseph Joe Satriani is an American instrumental rock guitarist and multi-instrumentalist. He is a 15-time Grammy Award nominee and has sold over 10 million albums, in 1988, Satriani was recruited by Mick Jagger as lead guitarist for his first solo tour. Satriani briefly toured with Deep Purple as the lead guitarist, joining shortly after the departure of Ritchie Blackmore in November 1993 and he has worked with a range of guitarists during the G3 tour, which he founded in 1995. Satriani has been the guitarist for the supergroup Chickenfoot since joining the band in 2008, Satriani was born in Westbury, New York, the descendant of Italian immigrants. His paternal grandparents were from Piacenza and Bobbio, while his grandparents were from Bari. He was inspired to play guitar at age 14, after hearing of the death of Jimi Hendrix and he has been said to have heard the news during football practice, where he then announced to his coach that he was quitting to become a guitarist. In 1974, Satriani studied music with jazz guitarist Billy Bauer, the technically demanding Tristano greatly influenced Satrianis playing. Satriani began teaching guitar, with his most notable student at the time being fellow Long Island native Steve Vai, while he was teaching Vai, he was attending Five Towns College for studies in music. In 1978, Satriani moved to Berkeley, California to pursue a music career, soon after arriving in California, he resumed teaching. Satriani started playing in a San Francisco-based band called the Squares, in 1987, Satrianis second album Surfing with the Alien produced radio hits and was the first all-instrumental release to chart so highly in many years. The track Crushing Day was featured on the soundtrack of a film titled It Takes Two. Surfing with the Alien is his most acclaimed work, according to aggregator Acclaimed Music, in 1988 Satriani helped produce the EP The Eyes of Horror for the death metal band Possessed. That same year he released an EP titled Dreaming #11. In 1989, Satriani released the album Flying in a Blue Dream and it was said to be inspired by the death of his father, who died in 1989 during the recording of the album. One Big Rush featured on the soundtrack to the Cameron Crowe movie Say Anything, the Forgotten Part II was featured on a Labatt Blue commercial in Canada in 1993. Cant Slow Down featured in a sequence in the Don Johnson starring show Nash Bridges. Joe Satriani also sang backing vocals on the self-titled Crowded House album, Satriani was a friend of Mitchell Froom. In 1992, Satriani released The Extremist, his most commercially successful album to date, radio stations across the country picked up Summer Song, which got a major boost when Sony used it in a major commercial campaign for their Discman portable CD players
