1.
Bad Aussee
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Bad Aussee is a town in the Austrian state of Styria, located at the confluence of the three sources of the Traun River in the Ausseerland region. Bad Aussee serves as the economic and cultural center of the Styrian part of the Salzkammergut lakes region, with a population of 5,086, the town is said to be the geographical midpoint of Austria, symbolized by a stone monument in the centre of town. Together with other Alpine towns Bad Aussee engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc, Bad Aussee was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2010. Prehistoric artifacts were discovered in the nearby Salzofenhöhle cave, the town began to flourish in the Middle Ages, when salt works started operating in the late thirteenth century. Bad Aussee was designated a town in 1295. The Romanesque and late Gothic Stadtpfarrkirche St. Paul dates from the thirteenth century, the sacrament house dates from 1523. The Spitalkirche on Meranplatz square was erected before 1395 and contains two Gothic altarpieces with wings from the fifteenth century and frescoes. Other important historical buildings include the Kammerhof, which was built before 1200, until 1926, it housed the salt administration for the region. Charming houses that date from the fifteenth century surround the Kurpark, a statue of the beloved archduke stands in the centre of the Kurpark in Bad Aussee. The town was built up and around the salt industry, today, the town’s primary focus is on culture and tourism. Bad Aussee has a regional museum, the Kammerhofmuseum, which has exhibits regarding local traditions and customs, the salt trade. There is also a spa in the city centre, Vital Bad Aussee, that offers medicinal brine baths and the Kneipp Cure therapy and this therapy combines cold-water treatment, diets, and outdoor exercise. The town also sponsors a festival that runs for several weeks in the spring of each year. There are two ski regions accessible from Bad Aussee, Loser and Tauplitz, the Loser Ski Region boasts an amazing view of the Dachstein Glacier and has been recently modernized. At the Tauplitz Ski Region, you can also go cross-country skiing or sledding in the evening, there are five lakes nearby Bad Aussee. Lake Altaussee is a body of water perched at the foot of the Loser mountain. There is a foot path encircling the lake and the village of Altaussee rests on its shores. Sommersbergersee is a lake, which is not as deep as the other bodies of water in the region and is, as such
Bad Aussee
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Bad Aussee
Bad Aussee
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The Lake
Grundlsee
2.
Austria
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Austria, officially the Republic of Austria, is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.7 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, the territory of Austria covers 83,879 km2. The terrain is mountainous, lying within the Alps, only 32% of the country is below 500 m. The majority of the population speaks local Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, other local official languages are Hungarian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slovene. The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty, from the time of the Reformation, many northern German princes, resenting the authority of the Emperor, used Protestantism as a flag of rebellion. Following Napoleons defeat, Prussia emerged as Austrias chief competitor for rule of a greater Germany, Austrias defeat by Prussia at the Battle of Königgrätz, during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, cleared the way for Prussia to assert control over the rest of Germany. In 1867, the empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary, Austria was thus the first to go to war in the July Crisis, which would ultimately escalate into World War I. The First Austrian Republic was established in 1919, in 1938 Nazi Germany annexed Austria in the Anschluss. This lasted until the end of World War II in 1945, after which Germany was occupied by the Allies, in 1955, the Austrian State Treaty re-established Austria as a sovereign state, ending the occupation. In the same year, the Austrian Parliament created the Declaration of Neutrality which declared that the Second Austrian Republic would become permanently neutral, today, Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy comprising nine federal states. The capital and largest city, with a population exceeding 1.7 million, is Vienna, other major urban areas of Austria include Graz, Linz, Salzburg and Innsbruck. Austria is one of the richest countries in the world, with a nominal per capita GDP of $43,724, the country has developed a high standard of living and in 2014 was ranked 21st in the world for its Human Development Index. Austria has been a member of the United Nations since 1955, joined the European Union in 1995, Austria also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995, and adopted the euro currency in 1999. The German name for Austria, Österreich, meant eastern realm in Old High German, and is cognate with the word Ostarrîchi and this word is probably a translation of Medieval Latin Marchia orientalis into a local dialect. Austria was a prefecture of Bavaria created in 976, the word Austria is a Latinisation of the German name and was first recorded in the 12th century. Accordingly, Norig would essentially mean the same as Ostarrîchi and Österreich, the Celtic name was eventually Latinised to Noricum after the Romans conquered the area that encloses most of modern-day Austria, around 15 BC. Noricum later became a Roman province in the mid-first century AD, heers hypothesis is not accepted by linguists. Settled in ancient times, the Central European land that is now Austria was occupied in pre-Roman times by various Celtic tribes, the Celtic kingdom of Noricum was later claimed by the Roman Empire and made a province
Austria
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First appearance of the word "ostarrichi", circled in red. Modern Austria honours this document, dated 996, as the founding of the nation.
Austria
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Flag
Austria
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Venus of Willendorf, 28,000 to 25,000 BC.
Museum of Natural History Vienna
Austria
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"Heidentor" – Remains of the
Roman military city of
Carnuntum
3.
Austrians
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Austrians are a Germanic ethnic group and nation, native to Austria that share a common Austrian culture, Austrian descent and Austrian history. The English term Austrians was applied to the population of Habsburg Austria from the 17th or 18th century, subsequently, during the 19th century, it referred to the citizens of the Empire of Austria, and from 1867 until 1918 to the citizens of Cisleithania. In the closest sense, the term Austria originally referred to the historical March of Austria, historically, Austrians were regarded as ethnic Germans and viewed themselves as such. Austria was part of the Holy Roman Empire and the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian war in 1866 which resulted in Prussia expelling Austria from the Confederation, thus, when Germany was founded as a nation-state in 1871, Austria was not a part of it. In 1867, Austria was reformed into the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the First Austrian Republic was founded in 1919. The Third Reich annexed Austria with the Anschluss in 1938, today, majority of Austrians do not identify as German. Austrians may be described either as a nationality or as a homogeneous Germanic ethnic group, the English word Austrian is a derivative of the proper name Austria, which is a latinization of Österreich, the German name for Austria. This word is derived from Ostarrîchi, which first appears in 996 and this, in turn, is probably a translation of the Latin Marcha Orientalis, which means eastern borderland. It was a margraviate of the Duchy of Bavaria, ruled by the House of Babenberg from AD976, during the 12th century, the Marcha Orientalis under the Babenbergs became independent of Bavaria. What is today known as Lower Austria corresponds to the Marcha Orientalis, the territory of what is today Austria in the Roman era was divided into Raetia, Noricum and Pannonia. Noricum was a Celtic kingdom, while the Pannonii were of Illyrian stock, the Raetians were an ancient alpine people probably akin to the Etruscans. During the Migration period, these territories were settled by the Bavarians and other Germanic groups in the west, in the 8th century, the former territories of Raetia and Noricum fell under Carolingian rule, and were divided into the duchies of Swabia, Bavaria and Carinthia. Pannonia until the end of the 8th century was part of the Avar Khaganate, the East March during the 9th century was the boundary region separating East Francia from the Avars and the Magyars. The site of Vienna had been settled since Celtic times, the various populations of these territories were not unified under the single name of Austrians before the early modern period. The term Austrian in these times was used for identifying subjects of the Domus Austriae, although not formally a united state, the lands ruled by the Habsburgs would sometimes be known by the name Austria. In reality they remained a disparate range of states, most of which were part of the complex network of states that was the Holy Roman Empire. However, the half of the 18th century saw an increasingly centralised state begin to develop under the regency of Maria Theresa of Austria. After the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon, the emperor Franz II formally founded the Austrian Empire in 1804 and these non-Hungarian lands were not officially called the Austrian Empire
Austrians
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Growth of the Habsburg Monarchy
Austrians
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The core Hallstatt territory (HaC, 800 BC) is shown in solid yellow,
Austrians
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Sign of the
Austrian resistance movement at the Stephansdom in Vienna
4.
Actor
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Anyone who meets the eligibility requirements may apply for aid, which could vary from medical assistance, paying rent, or finding employment. Heros benefits are not meant to be a permanent crutch for needy creators, any granted aid is kept confidential. The Hero Initiative has two boards of directors, the Executive Board and the Fund Disbursement Board, former board members include founders Pat McCallum, editor-in-chief of Wizard Magazine, and Mike Richardson, publisher and founder of Dark Horse Comics. They are George Pérez, Roy Thomas, Charlie Novinskie, Dennis ONeil, John Romita Sr. the charity is currently supported by Dark Horse Comics, Dynamic Forces, Image Comics, Marvel Entertainment, Top Cow Productions, and Wizard Entertainment. The Hero Initiative utilizes many methods of fundraising, foremost is their annual art auction, auctioning donated original comics art-work at fan conventions. Year-long, they sell donated art and special edition comics at conventions, artists, writers, and publishers are invited to donate work, and fans are invited to donate money directly to the fund. ACTOR also sells a green Excelsior, wrist-band similar in design to the Livestrong wristband. The Hero Initiative was formerly known as A Commitment to Our Roots, or ACTOR, while the original name of the organization reflected the charitys goal, the acronym that resulted, ACTOR, more often confused people unfamiliar with the organization. 2006, George Pérez, John Romita, Sr.2007, Joe Kubert 2008, Nick Cardy 2009, Neal Adams 2010, Walt Simonson 2011, Stan Lee 2012, John Romita, Jr. The award recognizes one person in each year who demonstrates particular generosity and integrity in support of the overall comic book community. It debuted at the 2010 Harvey Awards ceremony held at the Baltimore Comic-Con
Actor
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The Hero Initiative
Actor
5.
Film director
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A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a films artistic and dramatic aspects, the director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film, the film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized, or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions, there are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, film editors or actors, other film directors have attended a film school. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors dialogue, while others control every aspect. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners, some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films. Film directors create a vision through which a film eventually becomes realized/noticed. Realizing this vision includes overseeing the artistic and technical elements of production, as well as directing the shooting timetable. This entails organizing the crew in such a way as to achieve their vision of the film. This requires skills of leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in the stressful. Moreover, it is necessary to have an eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew, thus. Thus the director ensures that all involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film. The set of varying challenges he or she has to tackle has been described as a jigsaw puzzle with egos. It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when, omnipresent are the boundaries of the films budget. Additionally, the director may also have to ensure an intended age rating, thus, the position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one. It has been said that 20-hour days are not unusual, under European Union law, the film director is considered the author or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory. Auteur theory is a film criticism concept that holds that a directors film reflects the directors personal creative vision
Film director
–
American director
Steven Spielberg with Sri Lankan film maker
Chandran Rutnam in Sri Lanka
Film director
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The film director gives last minute direction to the cast and crew, while filming a
costume drama on location in
London.
Film director
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Director
Pedro Almodóvar and actress
Penélope Cruz
Film director
–
Fritz Lang directing a movie
6.
Max Reinhardt Seminar
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The Max Reinhardt Seminar is the School of Drama at the University of Music and Performing Arts in Vienna, Austria. Initially, this Seminar was taught at the Schönbrunner Schlosstheater, the theatre in the Schönbrunn Palace. After Reinhardts emigration in 1937, the moved to the nearby Palais Cumberland in 1940. From 1948 until 1954, Helene Thimig directed the Seminar, after the second semester, the students specialize into various branches of acting and directing. Student performances are staged at the Schlosstheater
Max Reinhardt Seminar
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Reinhardt Seminar in Palais Cumberland
7.
Vienna
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Vienna is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austrias primary city, with a population of about 1.8 million, and its cultural, economic and it is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin, Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region, along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, apart from being regarded as the City of Music because of its musical legacy, Vienna is also said to be The City of Dreams because it was home to the worlds first psycho-analyst – Sigmund Freud. The citys roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city and it is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque castles and gardens, Vienna is known for its high quality of life. In a 2005 study of 127 world cities, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first for the worlds most liveable cities, between 2011 and 2015, Vienna was ranked second, behind Melbourne, Australia. Monocles 2015 Quality of Life Survey ranked Vienna second on a list of the top 25 cities in the world to make a base within, the UN-Habitat has classified Vienna as being the most prosperous city in the world in 2012/2013. Vienna regularly hosts urban planning conferences and is used as a case study by urban planners. Between 2005 and 2010, Vienna was the worlds number-one destination for international congresses and it attracts over 3.7 million tourists a year. The English name Vienna is borrowed from the homonymous Italian version of the name or the French Vienne. The etymology of the name is still subject to scholarly dispute. Some claim that the name comes from Vedunia, meaning forest stream, which produced the Old High German Uuenia. A variant of this Celtic name could be preserved in the Czech and Slovak names of the city, the name of the city in Hungarian, Serbo-Croatian and Ottoman Turkish has a different, probably Slavonic origin, and originally referred to an Avar fort in the area. Slovene-speakers call the city Dunaj, which in other Central European Slavic languages means the Danube River, evidence has been found of continuous habitation since 500 BC, when the site of Vienna on the Danube River was settled by the Celts. In 15 BC, the Romans fortified the city they called Vindobona to guard the empire against Germanic tribes to the north
Vienna
Vienna
Vienna
Vienna
8.
Mephisto (1981 film)
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Mephisto is the title of a 1981 film adaptation of Klaus Manns novel Mephisto, directed by István Szabó, and starring Klaus Maria Brandauer as Hendrik Höfgen. The film was a co-production between companies in West Germany, Hungary and Austria and it became the first Hungarian film to win the award for Best Foreign Language Film, at the 54th Academy Awards. Mephisto was distributed by Analysis Film Releasing Corp and it marks the only picture to win an Academy Award in the catalog of films released by Analysis. The first third of the film follows the frustrated, passionate actor slogging it out in provincial theaters and he even creates a Bolshevik theatre with a friend for more work, in the avant-garde period of the early 1930s, before the Nazis came to power. Hendrik is more successful in his social and love life, both strands unite when his new wife watches him play the ultimate part Mephisto just before the Nazi party win the election that brings them to power. So when the Nazi party effectively offers to him a star he doesnt hesitate. Great roles and plenty of praise accumulate quickly, and Hendrik revels in his success, Hendrik reprises his great Mephisto and agrees to run the national theatre, working around the cultural restrictions and brutality of the Nazi Regime. It was the first Hungarian film to win the Foreign Language Oscar, at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival the film won the Best Screenplay Award and the FIPRESCI Prize. It received the award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1982 by the U. S. National Board of Review of Motion Pictures
Mephisto (1981 film)
–
DVD cover
9.
Never Say Never Again
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It is the second adaption of Flemings Thunderball, which was previously adapted as the 1965 film of the same name. Unlike the majority of Bond films, Never Say Never Again was not produced by Eon Productions, McClory, one of the original writers of the Thunderball storyline, retained the filming rights of the novel following a rights controversy. Sean Connery played the role of James Bond for the seventh and final time, the films title is a reference to Connerys reported declaration in 1971 that he would never again play that role. As Connery was 52 at the time of filming, the features an aging Bond. Filming locations included France, Spain, the Bahamas and Elstree Studios in England, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, to date, owns the distribution rights and also distributes Eons Bond films, and the company has handled subsequent home video releases of the film. After MI6 agent James Bond,007, fails a routine training exercise, his superior, M, while there, Bond witnesses a mysterious nurse named Fatima Blush giving a sadomasochistic beating to a patient in a nearby room. The mans face is bandaged and after Blush finishes her beating, Bond is seen by Blush and an attempt is subsequently made to kill him in the clinic gym, but Bond manages to defeat the assassin. Blush and her charge, a United States Air Force pilot named Jack Petachi, are operatives of SPECTRE, a criminal organisation run by Ernst Stavro Blofeld. While doing so, he replaces the dummy warheads of two cruise missiles with nuclear warheads, SPECTRE then steals the warheads, intending to extort billions of dollars from NATO governments. Blush murders Petachi to cover SPECTREs tracks, under orders from the Prime Minister, M reluctantly reactivates the double-0 section and Bond is assigned the task of tracking down the missing weapons. He meets Domino Petachi, the sister, and her wealthy lover, Maximillian Largo. Bond follows Largo and his yacht to the Bahamas, where he spars with Blush, Bond is informed by Nigel Small-Fawcett of the British Consulate that Largos yacht is now heading for Nice, France. There, Bond joins forces with his CIA counterpart, Felix Leiter, Bond goes to a health and beauty centre where he poses as an employee and, whilst giving Domino a massage, is informed by her that Largo is hosting an event at a casino that evening. At the charity event, Largo and Bond play a 3-D video game called Domination, while dancing with Domino, Bond informs her that her brother had been killed on Largos orders. Bond returns to his villa to find that Nicole, his French contact, has killed by Blush. After a vehicle chase on his motorbike, Blush captures Bond and she admits that she is impressed with him, and forces Bond to declare in writing that she is his Number One sexual partner. Bond distracts her with promises, then uses his Q-branch-issue fountain pen to shoot Blush with an explosive dart, Bond and Leiter attempt to board Largos motor yacht, the Flying Saucer, in search of the missing nuclear warheads. He attempts to make Largo jealous by kissing Domino in front of a two way mirror, Largo becomes enraged, traps Bond and takes him and Domino to Palmyra, Largos base of operations in North Africa
Never Say Never Again
–
British
cinema poster for Never Say Never Again, illustrated by Renato Casaro
Never Say Never Again
–
This 007 motif takes the place of
Eon's gun barrel sequence.
Never Say Never Again
–
The Kingdom 5KR which acted as Largo's ship, the Flying Saucer
10.
Out of Africa (film)
–
Out of Africa is a 1985 American epic romantic drama film directed and produced by Sydney Pollack and starring Robert Redford and Meryl Streep. This film received 28 film awards, including seven Academy Awards, the book was adapted into a screenplay by the writer Kurt Luedtke, and directed by the American Sydney Pollack. Streep played Karen Blixen, Redford played Denys Finch Hatton, the story begins in 1913 in Denmark, when Karen Dinesen asks her friend Baron Bror Blixen to enter into a marriage of convenience with her. Although Bror is a member of the aristocracy, he is no longer secure, therefore, he agrees to the marriage. Upon moving to British East Africa, Karen marries Bror in a brief ceremony and she meets and befriends various other colonial residents of the country, most of whom are British. She also meets Denys Finch Hatton, a local hunter with whom she develops a close friendship. However, things turn out differently from her expectations, since Bror has used her money to purchase a coffee plantation rather than a dairy farm and he also shows little inclination to put any real work into it, preferring instead to become a game hunter. Although theirs was a marriage of convenience, Karen does eventually develop feelings for Bror, to make matters worse, Karen contracts syphilis from her philandering husband and is forced to return to Denmark for a long and difficult period of treatment using the then-new medicine Salvarsan. Bror agrees to look after the plantation in her absence, after she has recovered and returns to Africa, the First World War is drawing to an end. However, it clear that her marriage to the womanizing Bror has not changed. However, her coffee plantation runs into difficulties, and she is forced to rely on bank loans to make ends meet. Her friendship with Denys Finch Hatton develops further, although he moves into Karens house, he criticizes her desire to own things, this implies even people. He refuses to commit to marriage or give up his free lifestyle, Karen grudgingly continues in the relationship, knowing it will not ever be official. He decides to invite Felicity, a mutual acquaintance on one of his safaris. Karen asks him to accede to her request to not take her along and she asks him to move out. The plantation finally yields a good harvest at long last, but a fire breaks out in the processing shed. Now financially broke, and her relationship with Denys over, Karen prepares to leave Africa to return home to Denmark and she arranges to sell everything that she owns and empties the house of all her luxurious items for a rummage sale. In the now empty house, Denys visits her that night, and he asks her if he might escort her to Mombasa in his biplane to begin her journey home
Out of Africa (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
11.
Derrick (TV series)
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Derrick is a German TV crime series produced between 1974 and 1998 starring Horst Tappert as Detective Chief Inspector Stephan Derrick, and Fritz Wepper as Inspector Harry Klein, his loyal assistant. They solve murder cases in Munich and surroundings, on 2 May 2013 ZDF announced it would no longer carry reruns of the show, after it emerged that Tappert had been untruthful in discussing his service in the Waffen-SS in World War II. All 281 60-minute episodes were written by veteran screenwriter Herbert Reinecker, as a rule, new Derrick episodes were broadcast on Friday night at 20,15. The series received enormous popularity and was aired in more than 100 countries worldwide, the series discontinuation in October 1998 came as Horst Tappert had reached the age limit he had set himself. Horst Tappert is the only German actor who has ever had fan clubs abroad including the Netherlands, in France Derrick is known as Inspecteur Derrick, in Italy, the show is called L’ispettore Derrick. In Chinese it is known as Dé li kè, the series took a noticeable turn towards psychological drama as time progressed and Derrick approached retirement age. Towards the end of the show the murderer, now revolted by what they had done, generally, there is little violence or bloodshed and no shoot-out at the end. This philosophy also held true to the last episode, Das Abschiedsgeschenk, originally, Derrick was supposed to die by the hands of one of the criminals he had incarcerated just as he is about to take a new job as the chief of Europol. But the violent end was eventually scrapped, while there is a shoot-out, no one is killed, as the series begins Derrick has only recently been promoted from Hauptinspektor to Oberinspektor. The reason for this animosity remains unclear since Klein rarely makes any mistakes, Klein on the other side never talks back and also never gives the slightest appearance of taking offense at this low-level bullying. These many minor episodes notwithstanding, the two work very professionally and organically as a team, however, with Derrick always as the leading partner and this behavior of Derrick becomes less noticeable as the seasons progress. Derrick hardly has any private life, a girl friend occurs only in two episodes, in one episode Derrick says, no, I am no longer married, Klein, on the other hand, does not seem to have any private life. However, as an inspector he seems to love getting statements from young, good-looking girls. In that respect and also in the way he goes about a case, many appear repeatedly throughout several of the seasons. As one of the first western TV series shown on the screen of Chinese televisions after the country opened its gate to outside world in 1980s, reportedly it was also actually used to teach police officers and inspectors in proper procedure of tracing and solving criminal cases. The famous phrase Harry, hol schon mal den Wagen was attributed to Derrick and became part of culture in Germany. Actually, this phrase was never spoken in any of the 281 episodes, however, in the episode of the series, Johanna. Horst Tappert did, however, speak this phrase in character as Stephan Derrick was as voice actor of his self in the 2004 animated feature film Derrick — die Pflicht ruft
Derrick (TV series)
–
Horst Tappert at a reception of the Chancellor in 1971, with colleague Heidi Hansen (left) and minister Katharina Focke
12.
Maximillian Largo
–
It is the second adaption of Flemings Thunderball, which was previously adapted as the 1965 film of the same name. Unlike the majority of James Bond films, Never Say Never Again was not produced by Eon Productions, McClory, one of the original writers of the Thunderball storyline, retained the filming rights of the novel following a rights controversy. Connery played the role of James Bond for the seventh and final time, the films title is a reference to Connerys reported declaration in 1971 that he would never again play that role. As Connery was 52 at the time of filming, the features an aging Bond. Filming locations included France, Spain, the Bahamas and Elstree Studios in England, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, to date, owns the distribution rights and also distributes Eons Bond films, and the company has handled subsequent home video releases of the film. After MI6 agent James Bond,007, fails a routine training exercise, his superior, M, while there, Bond witnesses a mysterious nurse named Fatima Blush giving a sadomasochistic beating to a patient in a nearby room. The mans face is bandaged and after Blush finishes her beating, Bond is seen by Blush and an attempt is subsequently made to kill him in the clinic gym, but Bond manages to defeat the assassin. Blush and her charge, a United States Air Force pilot named Jack Petachi, are operatives of SPECTRE, a criminal organisation run by Ernst Stavro Blofeld. While doing so, he replaces the dummy warheads of two cruise missiles with nuclear warheads, SPECTRE then steals the warheads, intending to extort billions of dollars from NATO governments. Blush murders Petachi to cover SPECTREs tracks, under orders from the Prime Minister, M reluctantly reactivates the double-0 section and Bond is assigned the task of tracking down the missing weapons. He meets Domino Petachi, the sister, and her wealthy lover, Maximillian Largo. Bond follows Largo and his yacht to the Bahamas, where he spars with Blush, Bond is informed by Nigel Small-Fawcett of the British Consulate that Largos yacht is now heading for Nice, France. There, Bond joins forces with his CIA counterpart, Felix Leiter, Bond goes to a health and beauty centre where he poses as an employee and, whilst giving Domino a massage, is informed by her that Largo is hosting an event at a casino that evening. At the charity event, Largo and Bond play a 3-D video game called Domination, while dancing with Domino, Bond informs her that her brother had been killed on Largos orders. Bond returns to his villa to find that Nicole, his French contact, has killed by Blush. After a vehicle chase on his motorbike, Blush captures Bond and she admits that she is impressed with him, and forces Bond to declare in writing that she is his Number One sexual partner. Bond distracts her with promises, then uses his Q-branch-issue fountain pen to shoot Blush with an explosive dart, Bond and Leiter attempt to board Largos motor yacht, the Flying Saucer, in search of the missing nuclear warheads. He attempts to make Largo jealous by kissing Domino in front of a two way mirror, Largo becomes enraged, traps Bond and takes him and Domino to Palmyra, Largos base of operations in North Africa
Maximillian Largo
–
British
cinema poster for Never Say Never Again, illustrated by Renato Casaro
Maximillian Largo
–
This 007 motif takes the place of
Eon's gun barrel sequence.
Maximillian Largo
–
The Kingdom 5KR which acted as Largo's ship, the Flying Saucer
13.
Thunderball (film)
–
Thunderball is the fourth spy film in the James Bond series starring Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It is an adaptation of the novel of the name by Ian Fleming. It was directed by Terence Young with its screenplay by Richard Maibaum, the search leads Bond to the Bahamas, where he encounters Emilio Largo, the card-playing, eye patch-wearing SPECTRE Number Two. Backed by CIA agent Felix Leiter and Largos mistress, Domino Derval, the film had a complex production, with four different units and about a quarter of the film consisting of underwater scenes. Thunderball was the first Bond film shot in widescreen Panavision and the first to have running time of two hours. The lawsuit was settled out of court and Bond film series producers Albert R, the film was a success, earning a total of $141.2 million worldwide, exceeding the earnings of the three previous Bond films. In 1966, John Stears won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, Thunderball is the second-most financially successful film of the series when adjusting for inflation, after Skyfall. Some critics and viewers showered praise on the film and branded it an addition to the series, while others complained of the repetitively monotonous aquatic action. In 1983, Warner Bros. released a film adaptation of the novel under the title Never Say Never Again. James Bond attends the funeral of Colonel Jacques Bouvar, a SPECTRE operative, Bouvar is alive and disguised as his own widow, but Bond identifies him. Following him to a château, Bond fights and kills him, escaping using a jetpack and his Aston Martin DB5, conveniently driven up by French agent, at a SPECTRE meeting in Paris, chaired by the enigmatic No. 1, Emilio Largo introduces the groups latest project, stealing two atomic bombs and holding NATO for ransom, the plot begins at the Shrublands sanatorium, located close to an air force base. Coincidentally, James Bond is at Shrublands to improve his health, there he notices Count Lippe, a suspicious man with a Tong tattoo. Bond searches Lippes room, but is leaving by Lippes clinic neighbour. Lippe tries to murder Bond with a traction machine, but Bond is saved by his physiotherapist. Lippe and Angelo, the man, are part of SPECTRES plot. Derval is murdered by Angelo, who takes his place on the flight, hijacks the plane, Angelo submerges the jet and the atomic bombs are retrieved by SCUBA-equipped SPECTRE operatives, commanded by Largo. Angelo is killed by Largo for trying to more money than had been agreed
Thunderball (film)
–
British cinema poster for Thunderball, designed and illustrated by
Robert McGinnis and
Frank McCarthy
Thunderball (film)
–
The home used as Largo's estate in the film
14.
Roger Ebert
–
Roger Joseph Ebert was an American film critic and historian, journalist, screenwriter, and author. He was a critic for the Chicago Sun-Times from 1967 until his death in 2013. In 1975, Ebert became the first film critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism, the two verbally sparred and traded humorous barbs while discussing films. They created and trademarked the phrase Two Thumbs Up, used when both hosts gave the film a positive review. After Siskel died in 1999, Ebert continued hosting the show with various co-hosts and then, starting in 2000, Ebert lived with cancer of the thyroid and salivary glands from 2002. This required treatments necessitating the removal of his jaw, which cost him the ability to speak or eat normally. His ability to write remained unimpaired, however, and he continued to publish frequently both online and in print until his death on April 4,2013. Roger Joseph Ebert was born in Urbana, Illinois, the child of Annabel, a bookkeeper, and Walter Harry Ebert. He was raised Roman Catholic, attending St. Marys elementary school and his paternal grandparents were German immigrants and his maternal ancestry was Irish and Dutch. In his senior year, he was president and editor-in-chief of his high school newspaper. In 1958, he won the Illinois High School Association state speech championship in radio speaking, regarding his early influences in film criticism, Ebert wrote in the 1998 parody collection Mad About the Movies, I learned to be a movie critic by reading Mad magazine. Mads parodies made me aware of the machine inside the skin – of the way a movie might look original on the outside, I did not read the magazine, I plundered it for clues to the universe. Pauline Kael lost it at the movies, I lost it at Mad magazine, Ebert began taking classes at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an early-entrance student, completing his high-school courses while also taking his first university class. After graduating from Urbana High School in 1960, Ebert then attended and received his degree in 1964. As an undergraduate, he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, One of the first movie reviews he ever wrote was a review of La Dolce Vita, published in The Daily Illini in October 1961. Ebert spent a semester as a student in the department of English there before attending the University of Cape Town on a Rotary fellowship for a year. He returned from Cape Town to his studies at Illinois for two more semesters and then, after being accepted as a PhD candidate at the University of Chicago. Instead Kogan referred Ebert to the city editor at the Chicago Sun-Times, Jim Hoge and he attended doctoral classes at the University of Chicago while working as a general reporter at the Sun-Times for a year
Roger Ebert
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Ebert giving an interview for
Sound Opinions in 2006
Roger Ebert
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Roger Ebert (right) with
Russ Meyer in 1970.
Roger Ebert
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Ebert and his wife Chaz Hammelsmith Ebert (left) giving the thumbs up to
Nancy Kwan (right) at the
Hawaii International Film Festival on October 20, 2010
Roger Ebert
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Ebert (right) at the
Conference on World Affairs in September 2002, shortly after his cancer diagnosis
15.
Meryl Streep
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Mary Louise Meryl Streep is an American actress and philanthropist. Nominated for 20 Academy Awards, Streep has more nominations than any actor or actress. Streep has also received 30 Golden Globe nominations, winning eight—more nominations, Streep made her professional stage debut in Trelawny of the Wells in 1975, and in 1976 received a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play for 27 Wagons Full of Cotton. She made her debut in the 1977 television film The Deadliest Season. In 1978, she won an Emmy Award for her role in the miniseries Holocaust and she went on to win Best Supporting Actress for Kramer vs. Kramer, and Best Actress for Sophies Choice and The Iron Lady. President Barack Obama awarded her the 2010 National Medal of Arts, in 2003, the government of France made her a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters. In 2017, Streep was awarded the Golden Globe Cecil B. Mary Louise Streep was born on June 22,1949, in Summit, New Jersey, the daughter of Mary Wolf Wilkinson, a commercial artist and art editor, the eldest child, she has two younger brothers, Dana David and Harry William III. Streeps father Harry was of German and Swiss ancestry and her fathers lineage traces back to Loffenau, Germany, from where her second great-grandfather, Gottfried Streeb, immigrated to the United States, and where one of her ancestors served as mayor. Another line of her fathers family was from Giswil, Switzerland and her mother had English, German, and Irish ancestry. Some of Streeps maternal ancestors lived in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island and were descended from 17th-century immigrants from England and her eighth great-grandfather, Lawrence Wilkinson, was one of the first Europeans to settle in Rhode Island. Streep is also a distant relative of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, Streeps maternal great-great-grandparents, Manus McFadden and Grace Strain, the namesake of Streeps second daughter, were natives of the Horn Head district of Dunfanaghy, Ireland. Streeps mother, whom she has compared in both appearance and manner to Dame Judi Dench, strongly encouraged her daughter and instilled confidence in her from a young age. Streep has said, She was a mentor because she said to me, Meryl and she was saying, You can do whatever you put your mind to. If youre lazy, youre not going to get it done, but if you put your mind to it, you can do anything. Although Streep was naturally more introverted than her mother, at times when she later needed an injection of confidence in adulthood, she would consult her mother, asking her for advice. Streep was raised as a Presbyterian in Basking Ridge, New Jersey and attended Cedar Hill Elementary School and the Oak Street School, in her Junior High debut, she starred as Lousie Heller in the play The Family Upstairs. In 1963 the family moved to Bernardsville, New Jersey, where she attended Bernards High School
Meryl Streep
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Streep in the late 1970s
Meryl Streep
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Meryl Streep as a senior in high school, 1966
Meryl Streep
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Producer
Dino De Laurentiis, who thought Streep too unattractive for film
Meryl Streep
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Robert De Niro, who suggested Streep for her role in The Deer Hunter (1978)
16.
Robert Redford
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Charles Robert Redford Jr. is an American actor, director, producer, businessman, environmentalist, and philanthropist. Redford is the founder of the Sundance Film Festival, Redfords career began in 1960 as a guest star on numerous TV shows, including, The Untouchables, Perry Mason, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and The Twilight Zone, among others. He earned an Emmy nomination as Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Voice of Charlie Pont and his greatest Broadway success was as the stuffy newlywed husband of Elizabeth Ashley in Neil Simons Barefoot in the Park. Redford made his debut in War Hunt. His role in Inside Daisy Clover won him a Golden Globe for best new star and he starred in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, which was a huge success and made him a major star. The popular and acclaimed All the Presidents Men was a film for Redford. The first film that Redford directed, Ordinary People, was one of the most critically and publicly acclaimed films of the decade, winning four Oscars, and in the same year, he starred in Brubaker. He starred in Out of Africa, which was a critical and box office success. He released his film as a director, A River Runs Through It. Redford won the 1980 Academy Award for Best Director in 1981 for directing Ordinary People and he was previously nominated for Best Actor in 1974 for his performance in The Sting, and went on to receive Best Director and Best Picture nominations in 1995 for Quiz Show. He won a second Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2002, in 2010, he was made a chevalier of the Légion dHonneur. He has won BAFTA, Directors Guild of America, Golden Globe, in April 2014, Time Magazine included Redford in their annual TIME100 as one of the Most Influential People in the World, declaring him the Godfather of Indie Film. In 2016, President Barack Obama honored Redford with a Presidential Medal of Freedom, Redford was born on August 18,1936, in Santa Monica, California to Martha W. and Charles Robert Redford, Sr. a milkman-turned-accountant. He has a stepbrother, William, from his fathers remarriage, Redford is of English, Irish, Scottish, and Scots-Irish ancestry. Redfords family moved to Van Nuys, California, while his father worked in El Segundo and he attended Van Nuys High School, where he was classmates with baseball pitcher Don Drysdale. He has described himself as having been a bad student, finding inspiration outside the classroom and he hit tennis balls with Pancho Gonzales at the Los Angeles Tennis Club to warm him up. After graduating from school in 1954, he attended the University of Colorado in Boulder for a year and a half. While there, he worked at the restaurant/bar The Sink, a painting of his likeness is prominent in the bars murals, while at Colorado, Redford began drinking heavily, and as a result lost his half-scholarship and was kicked out of school
Robert Redford
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Robert Redford in 2012
Robert Redford
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Redford in
Barefoot in the Park, 1967
Robert Redford
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Redford at the
2013 Cannes Film Festival.
Robert Redford
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Redford with
Melanie Griffith and
Sônia Braga, promoting
The Milagro Beanfield War at the
1988 Cannes Film Festival
17.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Awards
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Academy Awards
Academy Awards
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31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Awards
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81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Awards
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Pantages Theatre, 2008
18.
Golden Globe
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe
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The Golden Globe statuette
19.
Oberst Redl
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Colonel Redl is a 1985 drama film by Hungarian director István Szabó. The plot, set in the period before World War I, follows the rise of Alfred Redl, Redl, who comes from a humble background, enters military school as a boy and has an illustrious military career pushed forward by his loyalty to the crown. He is appointed the head of an intelligence gathering unit, the film stars Klaus Maria Brandauer, Jan Niklas and Gudrun Landgrebe. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Film, Alfred Redl, a Ruthenian boy from Galicia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, wins an appointment to a prestigious military academy in spite of being the son of a mere peasant farmer. At his departure from home, his mother installs in him eternal gratitude towards the Emperor Franz Josef, Redl is never to forget that he owes to the emperor his promising career. At the military academy, the young Redl soon stands out for his talent, drive, Alfred and Kristof become fast friends. Kubinyi invites Redl home for the holidays to the elegant residence of his parents, there, Alfred meets Kristofs pretty sister, Katalin, who welcomes him warmly. To Kubinyis aristocratic parents, Redl hides his true humble background pretending to be of Hungarian ancestry, Redl and Kubinyi slowly climb the ladder of career-officers. Once they become adults, the two friends have different political ideals, as a Hungarian, Kubinyi slowly falls prey to the national aspirations of a Habsburg-free Hungary, while Redl remains fiercely patriotic and faithful to his benefactor, the Austrian Emperor. For Redl his relationship with Kubinyi goes beyond friendship as Redl harbors a love for his comrade. When the two men visit a brothel, Redl seems more interested in watching his friend Kristof having sex with one of the prostitutes than in engaging the woman in his own room. Redl suppresses his attraction to Kristof, however, and transfers it, as best as he can, to Katalin, back at the academy, Alfred serves as a second in a duel between Kristof and another classmate, who is killed in the contest. In Vienna, Redl is able to renew his friendship with Katalin and they become lovers in spite of Katalin knowing well that it is her brother who Alfred really loves. Redl is assigned to a garrison serving on the Russian border, the discipline there is lax and Redl readily stands out as a serious-minded young officer. When the district commander decides to retire, Redl is recommended for the job, as commanding officer, he proves very demanding, working hard to reinvigorate the discipline of his outfit. This does not sit well with the officers, including Kristof. When Redl and Kristof have a falling out over Kristofs sloppy habits and poor performance, colonel von Roden intervenes on Redls behalf again, bringing him back to Vienna to serve as deputy chief of the counter-espionage service. Its a nasty kind of job, since it entails spying on officers throughout the service, on Katalins suggestion, Redl undertakes a loveless marriage of convenience in order to quell rumors of his homosexual proclivities
Oberst Redl
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Theatrical release poster
20.
Hanussen (1988 film)
–
Hanussen is a 1988 Hungarian film about Erik Jan Hanussen by István Szabó. It was nominated for the 1988 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, the German language film starred Klaus Maria Brandauer. The film was entered into the 1988 Cannes Film Festival, austrian Klaus Schneider, who later comes to be known as Erik Jan Hanussen is wounded during World War I. While recovering in the care of Dr. Emil Bettelheim, the Doctor discovers that Schneider possesses empathic powers. After the war, with one friend as his manager and another as his lover, Schneider changes his name and goes to Berlin to perform in halls and theaters as a hypnotist and mind reader. His purported powers bring him to the attention of the Nazis which cause his fame, Klaus Maria Brandauer – Klaus Schneider / Erik Jan Hanussen Erland Josephson – Dr
Hanussen (1988 film)
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Film poster
21.
Erland Josephson
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Erland Josephson was a Swedish actor and author. He was best known by audiences for his work in films directed by Ingmar Bergman, Andrei Tarkovsky. Josephson was born on the island of Kungsholmen, in Stockholm, Sweden, as the son of Maud Ellen Gabrielle and Gunnar August Josephson and his uncle was diplomat Erik Boheman, and his maternal great-grandfather was entomologist Carl Henrik Boheman. Josephson was the leader of the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm from 1966 to 1975 and he also published novels, short stories, poetry and drama, and was the director of several films. In 1980 he directed and starred in the film Marmalade Revolution, in 1986 he starred in The Sacrifice and won the award for Best Actor at the 22nd Guldbagge Awards. He was the Swedish voice to the Narrator in Beauty and the Beast
Erland Josephson
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Josephson as newly appointed director of the
Royal Dramatic Theatre in 1965
22.
The Hunt for Red October (film)
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The film is based on Tom Clancys 1984 bestselling novel of the same name. An American CIA analyst correctly deduces his motive and must prove his theory to the U. S. Navy before a violent confrontation between the Soviet and the American navies spirals out of control. The film was a co-production between the motion picture studios Paramount Pictures, Mace Neufeld Productions, and Nina Saxon Film Design, theatrically, it was commercially distributed by Paramount Pictures and by the Paramount Home Entertainment division for home media markets. Following its wide release, the film was nominated for and won a number of accolades. On June 12,1990, the soundtrack, composed and conducted by Basil Poledouris, was released by MCA Records. The film was the first in a series involving the fictional character Jack Ryan, played additionally by Harrison Ford, Ben Affleck, Ramius leaves port to conduct exercises with attack submarine V. K. Konovalov, commanded by his former student Captain Tupolev. Once at sea, Ramius secretly kills political officer Ivan Putin, the next morning, CIA analyst and ex-Marine, Jack Ryan, after consulting with Vice Admiral James Greer, briefs United States government officials on Red October and the threat it poses. Officials in the briefing learn that the bulk of the Soviet Navy has been deployed to sink Red October, Ryan, however, hypothesizes that Ramius instead plans to defect, and leaves to rendezvous with the American attack submarine USS Dallas to prove his theory. Meanwhile, Tupolev, though unable to track Red October, guesses his former mentors route, due to the actions of an unknown saboteur, Red Octobers caterpillar drive fails during risky maneuvers through a narrow undersea canyon. Petty Officer Jones, a sonar technician aboard Dallas, has discovered a way to detect Red October using underwater acoustics, Ryan arranges a hazardous mid-ocean rendezvous to board Dallas, where he attempts to persuade its captain, Commander Bart Mancuso, to contact Ramius and determine his intentions. The Soviet Ambassador informs the U. S. that Ramius is a renegade and that order is sent to the U. S. Fleet, including Dallas, which has found the Soviet submarine. Ryan, however, is convinced that Ramius plans to defect with his officers and convinces Mancuso to contact Ramius, Ramius, stunned that the Americans correctly guessed his plan, accepts. He then stages a nuclear emergency, ordering his crew to abandon ship. After a U. S. frigate is spotted, Ramius submerges, meanwhile, Ryan, Mancuso, and Jones come aboard via a rescue sub, at which point Ramius requests asylum in the United States for himself and his officers. Red October is suddenly attacked by Konovalov, which has tracked them across the Atlantic, as the two Soviet subs maneuver, one of Red Octobers cooks, Loginov, an undercover GRU agent and the secret saboteur, opens fire. He fatally wounds first officer Vasily Borodin before retreating to the nuclear missiles bay, pursued by Ryan, Loginov shoots Ramius, wounding him, but Ryan kills Loginov before he can detonate a missile. Meanwhile, Red October makes evasive maneuvers with a provided by Dallas. Ryan and Ramius, their complete, navigate Red October to the Penobscot River in Maine
The Hunt for Red October (film)
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Typhoon-class submarine, the same type as the fictional Red October.
The Hunt for Red October (film)
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Theatrical release poster
The Hunt for Red October (film)
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Swedish actor
Stellan Skarsgård, who portrayed commanding officer Tupolev of the Russian submarine V.K. Konovalov.
The Hunt for Red October (film)
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The
USS Reuben James, where a number of flight deck scenes were filmed.
23.
Sean Connery
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Sir Thomas Sean Connery is a retired Scottish actor and producer who has won an Academy Award, two BAFTA Awards and three Golden Globes. He was knighted by Elizabeth II in July 2000 after receiving Kennedy Center Honors in the US in 1999, Connery was the first actor to portray the character James Bond in film, starring in seven Bond films between 1962 and 1983. In 1988, Connery won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in The Untouchables, Connery has been polled as The Greatest Living Scot and Scotlands Greatest Living National Treasure. In 1989, he was proclaimed Sexiest Man Alive by People magazine, Thomas Sean Connery, named Thomas after his grandfather, was born in Fountainbridge, Edinburgh, Scotland on 25 August 1930. His mother, Euphemia McBain Effie, was a cleaning woman and his paternal grandfathers parents emigrated to Scotland from Ireland in the mid-19th century. The remainder of his family was of Scottish descent, and his maternal great-grandparents were native Scottish Gaelic speakers from Fife and his father was a Roman Catholic, and his mother was a Protestant. He has a brother, Neil. He was generally referred to in his youth as Tommy, although he was small in primary school, he grew rapidly around the age of 12, reaching his full adult height of 6 ft 2 in at 18. He was known during his teen years as Big Tam, and has stated that he lost his virginity to a woman in an ATS uniform at the age of 14. Connerys first job was as a milkman in Edinburgh with St. Cuthberts Co-operative Society, one tattoo is a tribute to his parents and reads Mum and Dad, and the other is self-explanatory, Scotland Forever. Connery was later discharged from the navy on medical grounds because of a duodenal ulcer, Scotland, Archie Brennan, a coffin polisher. The modelling earned him 15 shillings an hour, student artist Richard Demarco who painted several notable early pictures of Connery described him as very straight, slightly shy, too, too beautiful for words, a virtual Adonis. Connery began bodybuilding at the age of 18, and from 1951 trained heavily with Ellington, Connery was a keen footballer, having played for Bonnyrigg Rose in his younger days. He was offered a trial with East Fife, while on tour with South Pacific, Connery played in a football match against a local team that Matt Busby, manager of Manchester United, happened to be scouting. According to reports, Busby was impressed with his physical prowess, Connery admits that he was tempted to accept, but he recalls, I realised that a top-class footballer could be over the hill by the age of 30, and I was already 23. I decided to become an actor and it turned out to be one of my more intelligent moves, looking to pick up some extra money, Connery helped out backstage at the Kings Theatre in late 1951. He became interested in the proceedings, and a career was launched, the production returned the following year out of popular demand, and Connery was promoted to the featured role of Lieutenant Buzz Adams, which Larry Hagman had portrayed in the West End. While in Edinburgh, Connery was targeted by the notorious Valdor gang, there Connery launched an attack single-handedly against the gang members, grabbing one by the throat and another by a biceps and cracked their heads together
Sean Connery
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Connery at the 2008
Edinburgh International Film Festival
Sean Connery
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An Edinburgh "Co-op milk cart" photographed in 1981
Sean Connery
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Connery at the
1988 Academy Awards
Sean Connery
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Connery's former wife,
Diane Cilento
24.
James Bond
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The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections. The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz, published in September 2015, additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond, and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character, Moneypenny. The character has also adapted for television, radio, comic strip, video games. As of 2017, there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series, the most recent Bond film, Spectre, stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond, he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series. There have also two independent productions of Bond films, Casino Royale and Never Say Never Again. In 2015, the franchise was estimated to be worth $19.9 billion, the Bond films are renowned for a number of features, including the musical accompaniment, with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions, and two wins. Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bonds cars, his guns, the films are also noted for Bonds relationships with various women, who are sometimes referred to as Bond girls. Ian Fleming created the character of James Bond as the central figure for his works. Bond is an officer in the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. Bond is known by his number,007, and was a Royal Naval Reserve Commander. Among those types were his brother, Peter, who had involved in behind-the-lines operations in Norway. Aside from Flemings brother, a number of others also provided some aspects of Bonds make up, including Conrad OBrien-ffrench, Patrick Dalzel-Job and Bill Biffy Dunderdale. The name James Bond came from that of the American ornithologist James Bond, a Caribbean bird expert and author of the definitive field guide Birds of the West Indies. He further explained that, When I wrote the first one in 1953, I wanted Bond to be a dull, uninteresting man to whom things happened. When I was casting around for a name for my protagonist I thought by God, is the dullest name I ever heard. On another occasion, Fleming said, I wanted the simplest, dullest, plainest-sounding name I could find, James Bond was much better than something more interesting, like Peregrine Carruthers. Exotic things would happen to and around him, but he would be a neutral figure—an anonymous, likewise, in Moonraker, Special Branch Officer Gala Brand thinks that Bond is certainly good-looking. Rather like Hoagy Carmichael in a way and that black hair falling down over the right eyebrow
James Bond
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Ian Fleming 's image of James Bond; commissioned to aid the
Daily Express comic strip artists.
James Bond
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Hoagy Carmichael —Fleming's view of James Bond
James Bond
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Goldeneye, in Jamaica, where Fleming wrote all the Bond novels
James Bond
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John McLusky's rendition of James Bond.
25.
The Russia House
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The Russia House is a spy novel by John le Carré published in 1989. The title refers to the given to the portion of the British Secret Intelligence Service that was devoted to spying on the Soviet Union. A film based on the novel was released in 1990, starring Sean Connery and Michelle Pfeiffer, the BBC also produced a radio play which starred Tom Baker. In 1987, Bartholomew Barley Scott Blair, a heavy-drinking British publisher, business friends cajole him into joining them on a drunken retreat to a secluded dacha in the forest near Peredelkino. When discussion turns to politics, Barley finds himself talking boldly of patriotism and courage, of a new order. One attentive listener, Goethe, asks him whether he truly believes in the possibility of such a world. Barley convincingly says that he does, the manuscript has a cover letter to Barley, saying that Yakov is trying to serve his country by hastening the day when democracy will come to the Soviet Union. However, with Barley at home in Lisbon, Portugal, Katya gives the package to an agent with instructions to forward it to Barley. The agent reads the manuscript and recognizes its potential value, the document has information that the Soviet nuclear missile programme is in complete disarray, and therefore theres no real reason for an arms race to continue. When the sales agent is unable to locate Barley, he turns the manuscript over to British authorities. Barley is content to stay out of the matter, but the Russia House manipulates him into undertaking the mission and he grows fond of Katya, and begins thinking of a way to get her out of the Soviet Union. Over the course of several meetings with Katya and Yakov, Barley realizes his nervous informant is very likely under KGB scrutiny, the CIA and MI6 decide one final meeting is needed to verify the authenticity of the data, but Yakov is suddenly hospitalized due to purported exhaustion. In a secure phone call, Yakov tells Katya through code that he has been taken, Barley and Katya realize that any further meeting is merely a KGB scheme to draw them out into the open. Barley receives a message that he must bring a final and exhaustive list of questions on Soviet research and he makes contact with one of his Soviet publishing associates who uses his connections in the KGB to arrange a meeting with Yakovs handlers. Although the CIA and MI6 set up a surveillance operation at the meeting site, Barley goes missing along with the last set of questions. More than a later, after several unconfirmed sightings in Moscow, Barley shows up in Portugal. Neither the CIA nor MI6 are inclined to him, reasoning that the KGB has already worn him down to get the information they needed. They are resigned to the fact that the manuscript had been KGB bait all along, the truth, however, is that Barley traded the questions for the freedom of Katya and her family
The Russia House
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First edition
26.
Streets of Gold (film)
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Streets of Gold is a 1986 American dramatic film directed by Joe Roth starring Klaus Maria Brandauer, Wesley Snipes and Adrian Pasdar. Alik is an immigrant from the Soviet Union, but is not allowed on the Soviet national team because he is Jewish, one day he meets two young amateur boxers named Roland Jenkins and Timmi Boyle and begins to coach them. 20th Century Fox nor Lionsgate has yet to announce any plans to release the film onto DVD nor rights, streets of Gold at the Internet Movie Database
Streets of Gold (film)
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Theatrical release poster
27.
Burning Secret
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This symbol-filled story, filmed with sensuous detail and nuance, is set in Austria in the 1920s. While being treated for asthma at a spa, an American diplomats lonely 12-year-old son is befriended and infatuated by a suave. During a story of his war experiences, the baron reveals the scar of a wound from an American soldier and thrusts a pin through it, little does the boy realize that it is his turn to be wounded. But soon his adored friend heartlessly brushes him aside and turns his attentions to his mother. The boys jealousy and feelings of betrayal become uncontrollable, the film was written and directed by Andrew Birkin, and stars Klaus Maria Brandauer, Faye Dunaway, and David Eberts. The film won the Young Jury Prize at the Brussels Film Festival in 1989, lions Gate Home Entertainment has released the film onto DVD. The Burning Secret Burning Secret at the Internet Movie Database
Burning Secret
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Theatrical release poster
28.
The Russia House (film)
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The Russia House is a 1990 American spy film directed by Fred Schepisi. Tom Stoppard wrote the screenplay based on John le Carrés novel of the same name, the film stars Sean Connery, Michelle Pfeiffer, Roy Scheider, James Fox, John Mahoney, and Klaus Maria Brandauer. It was filmed on location in the Soviet Union, only the second American motion picture to do so before its dissolution in 1991, bartholomew Barley Scott-Blair, the head of a British publishing firm, is on a business trip to Moscow. He attends a writers retreat near Peredelkino where he speaks of an end to tensions with the West, attentively listening is a mysterious man called Dante. Dante later demands from Barley a promise to do the thing if the opportunity arises. A few months later, unable to locate Barley at a trade show, Landau sneaks a look at the manuscript and delivers it to British government authorities. The manuscript is a document detailing the Soviet Unions capability for waging nuclear war, an investigation reveals Dante is in fact renowned Soviet physicist Yakov Saveleyev and the author of the manuscript. British intelligence officers track Barley to his flat in Lisbon, Portugal. They realize he is as much in the dark as they are, MI6 realizes that the manuscript is also of vital importance to the American CIA, with both agencies wanting Barley to work on their behalf. British agent Ned then gives Barley some fundamental training as a spy, Barley returns to the Soviet Union to seek out Dante/Yakov and confirm he is a genuine informant. He meets with Katya, with whom he is instantly smitten, through her, he confirms that Dante is indeed the brilliant scientist Saveleyev. Barley also denies to Katya that he is a spy, the British run the operation through its first phase while apprising the CIA of its results. Katya sets up a meeting with Dante, going to lengths to avoid being followed. Barley explains that the manuscript is now in the hands of British, Yakov feels betrayed, but Barley convinces him that the manuscript can still be published. Dante gives Barley another volume of the manuscript after Barley assures him that hes sympathetic to the scientists cause, impressed by the additional volume, Russells boss Brady and U. S. military officer Quinn interrogate Barley to be certain where his loyalties lie. Convinced that Dantes manuscripts are truthful, the CIA and MI6 come up with a shopping list list of questions which is meant to extract as much strategic warfare information as Dante can provide. Russia House handler Ned senses something is amiss with Barley but the British-American team continues with its plans, Barley returns to Russia and declares his love to Katya and admits he is an operative. Katya confesses that Yakov is not acting like himself and fears he may be under KGB observation or control and she gives Barley the address where Yakov will be staying when he is in Moscow
The Russia House (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
29.
White Fang (film)
–
White Fang is a 1991 American Northern adventure film directed by Randal Kleiser, starring Ethan Hawke, Klaus Maria Brandauer and Seymour Cassel. Based on Jack Londons novel White Fang, it tells the story of the friendship between a Yukon gold hunter and a wolfdog, White Fang is portrayed by a wolfdog, Jed, who also appeared in such films as The Thing and The Journey of Natty Gann. A sequel to the film, White Fang 2, Myth of the White Wolf, was released in 1994, in the late 19th Century, a young explorer named Jack Conroy arrives in Alaska from San Francisco to look for his deceased fathers claim. Conroy meets a musher named Skunker and Alex Larson, Conroys fathers buddy, while on their journey, they are stalked by a large pack of wolves. One night, while resting at a campfire, a female wolf manages to lure one of the dogs away from the group. Skunker uses his ammunition to wound one wolf and gives chase to save his dog, later that night the wolves return but are scared off by Jack and Alex using burning branches. The following morning the attack the two men, but they are saved when another sled team arrives with one of the men fatally shooting a male wolf. His pup is left to fend for himself, Jack and Alex reach a town where they plan to stay for the winter. A band of Native Americans, meanwhile, find the pup, as spring comes, Jack and Alex resume their quest, but stop off at the Native Americans settlement. The chief explains that White Fang has been raised to obey, not to be friendly, Jacks chance comes when he is chased and trapped by a grizzly bear. White Fang intervenes, saving Jacks life, Jack and Alex later leave the settlement. Smith and his gang train White Fang to be vicious in order to him into illegal dogfights. White Fang eventually meets his match in a fight against a bulldog. Having earlier reached his fathers claim and begun the work of digging for gold, Jack returns with White Fang to the cabin where he seeks to transform White Fangs vicious, Jacks attempts to tame White Fang eventually succeed, both wolfdog and man develop a close and trusting bond. Alex helps Jack mine for gold and they strike it rich with the help of White Fang, one morning, Jack travels to the town to claim proper ownership to the gold when one of Smiths colleagues notices White Fang with him. Seeking retaliation and planning to steal the gold, Smith and his men attack the cabin site, Jack and Alex manage to outwit Smiths bandits. White Fang nearly attacks Smith until hes ordered by Jack to back down, Jack and Alex force Smith and his men back to town where they are arrested. Alex and his offer to take Jack back to San Francisco
White Fang (film)
–
Promotional film poster
30.
Introducing Dorothy Dandridge
–
Introducing Dorothy Dandridge is a television film directed by Martha Coolidge. Filmed over a span of a few weeks in early 1998, the teleplay is drawn exclusively from the biography of Dorothy Dandridge by Earl Mills. The original music score was composed by Elmer Bernstein, who had known Dandridge, the film is marketed with the tagline, Right woman
Introducing Dorothy Dandridge
–
Introducing Dorothy Dandridge
31.
Georges Danton
–
Georges Jacques Danton was a leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution, in particular as the first president of the Committee of Public Safety. He was guillotined by the advocates of revolutionary terror after accusations of venality, Danton was born in Arcis-sur-Aube in northeastern France to Jacques Danton and Mary Camus, a respectable, but not wealthy family. As a child, he was attacked by animals, resulting in the disfigurement and scarring of the skin on his face. After obtaining an education he became an Advocate in Paris. He married Antoinette Gabrielle Charpentier on 14 June 1787 at the church of Saint-Germain-lAuxerrois in Paris, Danton was considered a very mischievous boy. Due to this, he went to different schools, also, he had a very high natural IQ. As a result, he was bored and disinterested in his classes. His first teacher was his grandfather and he was able to pass his classes with little effort, when he was 9, he was sent to a boys school. This is where Danton learned Latin and he was later sent to a school in Troyes for a year due to his mother thinking that he hasnt given up his mischievous ways as a child. Later, he attended a boarding house taught by Oratorians until he was 17, here, he learned more Latin and about the Bible, mainly the Acts of the Apostles and about Christian beliefs. He didnt really take to them, however, as early as age 12, he had already acquired the skills to become a leader. He led fellow classmates to either rebel or riot and this showed his leadership skills and how much his classmates already respected him at such a young age. He also consistently questioned authority, which will be seen later during the French revolution when he openly disrespected and called out Lafayette as a traitor during a meeting. At a young age, he had amazing writing and speech skills, as later during a competition, he took all the prizes for French discourse, Latin narration. Was highly influenced by thinkers of the time, such as Montesquieu. Studied at Reim University where he became a lawyer, later become bored of the career and became an orator. Was seen as a man of the people by then because he pleaded for the poor. Both his classmates, teachers and grandfather revered him as a prodigy and his amazing writing and speaking skills later made people give him the nickname “The Thunderer”
Georges Danton
–
Georges-Jacques Danton.
Musée Carnavalet, Paris
Georges Danton
–
Signature
Georges Danton
–
According to a biographer, "Danton's height was colossal, his make athletic, his features strongly marked, coarse, and displeasing; his voice shook the domes of the halls".
Georges Danton
–
Danton addressing the
National Convention.
32.
The Threepenny Opera
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The work offers a Socialist critique of the capitalist world. It opened on 31 August 1928 at Berlins Theater am Schiffbauerdamm, songs from The Threepenny Opera have been widely covered and become standards, most notably Die Moritat von Mackie Messer and Seeräuberjenny. Brecht was first motivated to prepare a version of The Beggars Opera by the revival of the original by Nigel Playfair in London in 1920. He offered the idea to the impresario Ernst Josef Aufricht who was seeking a production to launch his new company at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm in Berlin. The score by Weill uses only one of the melodies which Johann Pepusch wrote for the original Beggars Opera. Weill claimed at the time that music cannot further the action of the play or create its background, Weills score shows influence of jazz and German dance-music of the time. The orchestration involves a small ensemble with a deal of doubling-up on instruments. The Threepenny Opera was first performed at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm in 1928 on a set designed by Caspar Neher, despite an initially poor reception, it became a great success, playing 400 times in the next two years. The performance was a springboard for one of the best known interpreters of Brecht and Weills work, Lotte Lenya, who was married to Weill. By 1933, when Weill and Brecht were forced to leave Germany by the Nazi seizure of power, in between, on 8 February 1935 Edward Clark conducted the first British broadcast of the work. It received scathing reviews from Ernest Newman and other critics, but the most savage criticism came from Weill himself, who described it privately as. The worst performance imaginable … the whole thing was completely misunderstood, but his criticisms seem to have been for the concept of the piece as a Germanised version of The Beggars Opera, rather than for Clarks conducting of it, of which Weill made no mention. America was introduced to the work by the version of G. W. Pabst. The first American production, adapted into English by Gifford Cochran and Jerrold Krimsky and staged by Francesco Von Mendelssohn and it opened on Broadway at the Empire Theatre, on April 13,1933, and closed after 12 performances. Mixed reviews praised the music but slammed the production, with the critic Gilbert Gabriel calling it a dreary enigma, a French version produced by Gaston Baty and written by Ninon Steinhof and André Mauprey was presented in October 1930 at the Théâtre Montparnasse in Paris. It was rendered as LOpéra de quatsous, in 1930 the work was premiered in Moscow at the Kamerny Theatre, directed by Alexander Tairov. It was the one of Brechts works to be performed in Russia during his lifetime. Izvestia disapproved, It is high time that our theatres ceased playing homage to petit-bourgeois bad taste, the first Italian production, titled LOpera da tre soldi and directed by Giorgio Strehler, premiered at the Piccolo Teatro in Milan on 27 February 1956 in the presence of Bertolt Brecht
The Threepenny Opera
–
Original German poster from Berlin, 1928
The Threepenny Opera
–
Marcia Edmundson as Low-Dive Jenny in
Brad Mays ' 1982 Baltimore production
33.
Bertolt Brecht
–
Eugen Bertolt Friedrich Brecht was a German poet, playwright, and theatre director of the 20th century. Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht was born in February 1898 in Augsburg, Bavaria, Brechts mother was a devout Protestant and his father a Catholic. The modest house where he was born is preserved as a Brecht Museum. His father worked for a mill, becoming its managing director in 1914. Thanks to his mothers influence, Brecht knew the Bible, a familiarity that would have an effect on his writing. From her, too, came the image of the self-denying woman that recurs in his drama. Brechts home life was comfortably middle class, despite what his occasional attempt to claim peasant origins implied, at school in Augsburg he met Caspar Neher, with whom he formed a lifelong creative partnership. Neher designed many of the sets for Brechts dramas and helped to forge the distinctive visual iconography of their epic theatre, when Brecht was 16, the First World War broke out. Initially enthusiastic, Brecht soon changed his mind on seeing his classmates swallowed by the army and his expulsion was only prevented through the intervention of his religion teacher. On his fathers recommendation, Brecht sought a loophole by registering for a course at Munich University. There he studied drama with Arthur Kutscher, who inspired in the young Brecht an admiration for the iconoclastic dramatist, from July 1916, Brechts newspaper articles began appearing under the new name Bert Brecht. Brecht was drafted into service in the autumn of 1918, only to be posted back to Augsburg as a medical orderly in a military VD clinic. In July 1919, Brecht and Paula Banholzer had a son, some time in either 1920 or 1921, Brecht took a small part in the political cabaret of the Munich comedian Karl Valentin. Brechts diaries for the few years record numerous visits to see Valentin perform. Brecht compared Valentin to Charlie Chaplin, for his virtually complete rejection of mimicry and he did short sketches in which he played refractory employees, orchestral musicians or photographers, who hated their employers and made them look ridiculous. The employer was played by his partner, Liesl Karlstadt, a popular woman comedian who used to pad herself out, anyone can be creative, he quipped, its rewriting other people thats a challenge. Brecht completed his second play, Drums in the Night. Between November 1921 and April 1922 Brecht made acquaintance with many people in the Berlin cultural scene
Bertolt Brecht
–
Bertolt Brecht
Bertolt Brecht
–
Poster for the
Riverside Shakespeare Company's production of Brecht and
Lion Feuchtwanger's Edward II. New York City, 1982.
Bertolt Brecht
–
Stamp from the former
East Germany depicting Brecht and a scene from his
Life of Galileo.
Bertolt Brecht
–
Brecht and Weigel on the roof of the
Berliner Ensemble during the
International Workers' Day demonstrations in 1954.
34.
Kurt Weill
–
Kurt Julian Weill was a German composer, active from the 1920s in his native country, and in his later years in the United States. He was a composer for the stage who was best known for his fruitful collaborations with Bertolt Brecht. With Brecht, he developed such as his best-known work The Threepenny Opera. Weill held the ideal of writing music that served a useful purpose. He also wrote works for the concert hall. He became a United States citizen on August 27,1943, Weill was born on March 2,1900, the third of four children to Albert Weill and Emma Weill. He grew up in a religious Jewish family in the Sandvorstadt, the Jewish quarter in Dessau, Germany, where his father was a cantor. At the age of twelve, Weill started taking lessons and made his first attempts at writing music. In 1915, Weill started taking lessons with Albert Bing, Kapellmeister at the Herzogliches Hoftheater zu Dessau, who taught him piano, composition, music theory. Weill performed publicly on piano for the first time in 1915, koch, and also attended philosophy lectures by Max Dessoir and Ernst Cassirer. The same year, he wrote his first string quartet, from May to September 1920, Weill spent a couple of months in Leipzig, where his father had become the new director of a Jewish orphanage. Before he returned to Berlin, in September 1920, he composed Sulamith, a fantasy for soprano, female choir. Back in Berlin, Weill had an interview with Ferruccio Busoni in December 1920, after examining some of Weills compositions, Busoni accepted him as one of five master students in composition at the Preußische Akademie der Künste in Berlin. From January 1921 to December 1923, Weill studied music composition with him, during his first year he composed his first symphony, Sinfonie in einem Satz, as well as the lieder Die Bekehrte and two Rilkelieder for voice and piano. To support his family in Leipzig, he worked as a pianist in a Bierkeller tavern. In spring of 1922, Weill joined the November Groups music faction and that year he composed a psalm, a divertimento for orchestra, and Sinfonia Sacra, Fantasia, Passacaglia, and Hymnus for Orchestra. On November 18,1922, his childrens pantomime Die Zaubernacht premiered at the Theater am Kurfürstendamm, out of financial need, Weill taught music theory and composition to private students from 1923 to 1925. Among his students were Claudio Arrau, Maurice Abravanel, Heinz Jolles, in December 1923, Weill finished his studies with Busoni
Kurt Weill
–
Kurt Weill in 1932
Kurt Weill
–
Berlin memorial plaque, Altonaer Straße 22,
Berlin-Hansaviertel, Germany
Kurt Weill
–
Weill in the 1920s
Kurt Weill
–
Weill and Lenya at home in 1942
35.
German language
–
German is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, South Tyrol, the German-speaking Community of Belgium and it is also one of the three official languages of Luxembourg. Major languages which are most similar to German include other members of the West Germanic language branch, such as Afrikaans, Dutch, English, Luxembourgish and it is the second most widely spoken Germanic language, after English. One of the languages of the world, German is the first language of about 95 million people worldwide. The German speaking countries are ranked fifth in terms of publication of new books. German derives most of its vocabulary from the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family, a portion of German words are derived from Latin and Greek, and fewer are borrowed from French and English. With slightly different standardized variants, German is a pluricentric language, like English, German is also notable for its broad spectrum of dialects, with many unique varieties existing in Europe and also other parts of the world. The history of the German language begins with the High German consonant shift during the migration period, when Martin Luther translated the Bible, he based his translation primarily on the standard bureaucratic language used in Saxony, also known as Meißner Deutsch. Copies of Luthers Bible featured a long list of glosses for each region that translated words which were unknown in the region into the regional dialect. Roman Catholics initially rejected Luthers translation, and tried to create their own Catholic standard of the German language – the difference in relation to Protestant German was minimal. It was not until the middle of the 18th century that a widely accepted standard was created, until about 1800, standard German was mainly a written language, in urban northern Germany, the local Low German dialects were spoken. Standard German, which was different, was often learned as a foreign language with uncertain pronunciation. Northern German pronunciation was considered the standard in prescriptive pronunciation guides though, however, German was the language of commerce and government in the Habsburg Empire, which encompassed a large area of Central and Eastern Europe. Until the mid-19th century, it was essentially the language of townspeople throughout most of the Empire and its use indicated that the speaker was a merchant or someone from an urban area, regardless of nationality. Some cities, such as Prague and Budapest, were gradually Germanized in the years after their incorporation into the Habsburg domain, others, such as Pozsony, were originally settled during the Habsburg period, and were primarily German at that time. Prague, Budapest and Bratislava as well as cities like Zagreb, the most comprehensive guide to the vocabulary of the German language is found within the Deutsches Wörterbuch. This dictionary was created by the Brothers Grimm and is composed of 16 parts which were issued between 1852 and 1860, in 1872, grammatical and orthographic rules first appeared in the Duden Handbook. In 1901, the 2nd Orthographical Conference ended with a standardization of the German language in its written form
German language
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Old Frisian (Alt-Friesisch)
German language
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The widespread popularity of the
Bible translated into German by
Martin Luther helped establish modern German
German language
–
Examples of German language in
Namibian everyday life
German language
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German-language newspapers in the U.S. in 1922
36.
Italian language
–
By most measures, Italian, together with Sardinian, is the closest to Latin of the Romance languages. Italian is a language in Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City. Italian is spoken by minorities in places such as France, Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Crimea and Tunisia and by large expatriate communities in the Americas. Many speakers are native bilinguals of both standardized Italian and other regional languages, Italian is the fourth most studied language in the world. Italian is a major European language, being one of the languages of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe. It is the third most widely spoken first language in the European Union with 65 million native speakers, including Italian speakers in non-EU European countries and on other continents, the total number of speakers is around 85 million. Italian is the working language of the Holy See, serving as the lingua franca in the Roman Catholic hierarchy as well as the official language of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Italian is known as the language of music because of its use in musical terminology and its influence is also widespread in the arts and in the luxury goods market. Italian has been reported as the fourth or fifth most frequently taught foreign language in the world, Italian was adopted by the state after the Unification of Italy, having previously been a literary language based on Tuscan as spoken mostly by the upper class of Florentine society. Its development was influenced by other Italian languages and to some minor extent. Its vowels are the second-closest to Latin after Sardinian, unlike most other Romance languages, Italian retains Latins contrast between short and long consonants. As in most Romance languages, stress is distinctive, however, Italian as a language used in Italy and some surrounding regions has a longer history. What would come to be thought of as Italian was first formalized in the early 14th century through the works of Tuscan writer Dante Alighieri, written in his native Florentine. Dante is still credited with standardizing the Italian language, and thus the dialect of Florence became the basis for what would become the language of Italy. Italian was also one of the recognised languages in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Italy has always had a dialect for each city, because the cities. Those dialects now have considerable variety, as Tuscan-derived Italian came to be used throughout Italy, features of local speech were naturally adopted, producing various versions of Regional Italian. Even in the case of Northern Italian languages, however, scholars are not to overstate the effects of outsiders on the natural indigenous developments of the languages
Italian language
–
Dante Alighieri (above) and
Petrarch (below) were influential in establishing their
Tuscan dialect as the most prominent literary language in all of
Italy in the
Late Middle Ages
Italian language
–
The geographic distribution of the Italian language in the world: large Italian-speaking communities are shown in green; light blue indicates areas where the Italian language was used officially during the Italian colonial period.
Italian language
Italian language
–
Pietro Bembo was an influential figure in the development of the Italian language from the Tuscan dialect, as a literary medium, codifying the language for standard modern usage
37.
Hungarian language
–
Hungarian is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary it is spoken by communities of Hungarian people in neighbouring countries. Like Finnish and Estonian, it belongs to the Uralic language family, its closest relatives being Mansi and it is one of several European languages not part of the Indo-European languages, and the most widely-spoken European language that does not belong to the Indo-European family. The Hungarian name for the language is magyar or magyar nyelv, the word Magyar is used as an English and Hungarian word to refer to Hungarian people as an ethnic group. Hungarian is a member of the Uralic language family, the name of Hungary could be a result of regular sound changes of Ungrian/Ugrian, and the fact that the Eastern Slavs referred to Hungarians as Ǫgry/Ǫgrove seemed to confirm that. Current literature favors the hypothesis that it comes from the name of the Turkic tribe Onogur, there are numerous regular sound correspondences between Hungarian and the other Ugric languages. For example, Hungarian /aː/ corresponds to Khanty /o/ in certain positions, for example, Hungarian ház house vs. Khanty xot house, and Hungarian száz hundred vs. Khanty sot hundred. The distance between the Ugric and Finnic languages is greater, but the correspondences are also regular, during the later half of the 19th century, a competing hypothesis proposed a Turkic affinity of Hungarian. Following an academic debate known as Az ugor-török háború, the Finno-Ugric hypothesis was concluded the sounder of the two, foremost based on work by the German linguist Josef Budenz. The traditional view argues that the Hungarian language separated from its Ugric relatives in the first half of the 1st millennium b. c. e. in western Siberia, east of the southern Urals. The Hungarians gradually changed their lifestyle from settled hunters to nomadic pastoralists, in Hungarian, Iranian loans date back to the time immediately following the breakup of Ugric and probably span well over a millennium. Among these include tehén ‘cow’, tíz ‘ten’, tej ‘milk’, increasing archaeological evidence from present-day southern Bashkortostan found in the previous decades confirms the existence of Hungarian settlements between the Volga River and Ural Mountains. The Onogurs later had a influence on the language, especially between the 5th-9th centuries. This layer of Turkic loans is large and varied, and includes words borrowed from Oghur Turkic, e. g. borjú ‘calf’, dél ‘noon, many words related to agriculture, to state administration or even to family relations have such backgrounds. Hungarian syntax and grammar were not influenced in a dramatic way during these 300 years. After the arrival of the Hungarians into the Carpathian Basin the language came into contact with different speech communities, Turkic loans from this period come mainly from the Pechenegs and Cumanians who settled in Hungary during the 12th-13th centuries, e. g. koboz ‘cobza’, komondor ‘mop dog’. Hungarian borrowed many words from especially the neighbouring Slavic languages, in exchange, these languages also borrowed words from Hungarian, e. g. Serbo-Croatian ašov from Hung ásó ‘spade’. Approximately 1. 6% of the Romanian lexicon is of Hungarian origin, on the basis of the growing genetic evidence, the accepted origin theory is contested by geneticists too
Hungarian language
–
Hungarian keyboard
Hungarian language
Hungarian language
–
Funeral Sermon and Prayer, 12th century
Hungarian language
–
A page from the first book written completely in Hungarian from 1533
38.
English language
–
English /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now the global lingua franca. Named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to England, English is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. It is the third most common language in the world, after Mandarin. It is the most widely learned second language and a language of the United Nations, of the European Union. It is the most widely spoken Germanic language, accounting for at least 70% of speakers of this Indo-European branch, English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the century, are called Old English. Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England, Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London and the King James Bible, and the start of the Great Vowel Shift. Through the worldwide influence of the British Empire, modern English spread around the world from the 17th to mid-20th centuries, English is an Indo-European language, and belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages. Most closely related to English are the Frisian languages, and English, Old Saxon and its descendent Low German languages are also closely related, and sometimes Low German, English, and Frisian are grouped together as the Ingvaeonic or North Sea Germanic languages. Modern English descends from Middle English, which in turn descends from Old English, particular dialects of Old and Middle English also developed into a number of other English languages, including Scots and the extinct Fingallian and Forth and Bargy dialects of Ireland. English is classified as a Germanic language because it shares new language features with other Germanic languages such as Dutch, German and these shared innovations show that the languages have descended from a single common ancestor, which linguists call Proto-Germanic. Through Grimms law, the word for foot begins with /f/ in Germanic languages, English is classified as an Anglo-Frisian language because Frisian and English share other features, such as the palatalisation of consonants that were velar consonants in Proto-Germanic. The earliest form of English is called Old English or Anglo-Saxon, in the fifth century, the Anglo-Saxons settled Britain and the Romans withdrew from Britain. England and English are named after the Angles, Old English was divided into four dialects, the Anglian dialects, Mercian and Northumbrian, and the Saxon dialects, Kentish and West Saxon. Through the educational reforms of King Alfred in the century and the influence of the kingdom of Wessex. The epic poem Beowulf is written in West Saxon, and the earliest English poem, Modern English developed mainly from Mercian, but the Scots language developed from Northumbrian. A few short inscriptions from the period of Old English were written using a runic script. By the sixth century, a Latin alphabet was adopted, written with half-uncial letterforms and it included the runic letters wynn ⟨ƿ⟩ and thorn ⟨þ⟩, and the modified Latin letters eth ⟨ð⟩, and ash ⟨æ⟩
English language
–
The opening to the Old English epic poem
Beowulf,
handwritten in
half-uncial script: Hƿæt ƿē Gārde/na ingēar dagum þēod cyninga / þrym ge frunon... "Listen! We of the Spear-Danes from days of yore have heard of the glory of the folk-kings..."
English language
–
Countries of the world where English is a majority native language
English language
–
Title page of Geoffrey Chaucer's
Canterbury Tales c.1400
39.
French language
–
French is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages, French has evolved from Gallo-Romance, the spoken Latin in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues doïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to Frances past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, a French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is a language in 29 countries, most of which are members of la francophonie. As of 2015, 40% of the population is in Europe, 35% in sub-Saharan Africa, 15% in North Africa and the Middle East, 8% in the Americas. French is the fourth-most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union, 1/5 of Europeans who do not have French as a mother tongue speak French as a second language. As a result of French and Belgian colonialism from the 17th and 18th century onward, French was introduced to new territories in the Americas, Africa, most second-language speakers reside in Francophone Africa, in particular Gabon, Algeria, Mauritius, Senegal and Ivory Coast. In 2015, French was estimated to have 77 to 110 million native speakers, approximately 274 million people are able to speak the language. The Organisation internationale de la Francophonie estimates 700 million by 2050, in 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek ranked French the third most useful language for business, after English and Standard Mandarin Chinese. Under the Constitution of France, French has been the language of the Republic since 1992. France mandates the use of French in official government publications, public education except in specific cases, French is one of the four official languages of Switzerland and is spoken in the western part of Switzerland called Romandie, of which Geneva is the largest city. French is the language of about 23% of the Swiss population. French is also a language of Luxembourg, Monaco, and Aosta Valley, while French dialects remain spoken by minorities on the Channel Islands. A plurality of the worlds French-speaking population lives in Africa and this number does not include the people living in non-Francophone African countries who have learned French as a foreign language. Due to the rise of French in Africa, the total French-speaking population worldwide is expected to reach 700 million people in 2050, French is the fastest growing language on the continent. French is mostly a language in Africa, but it has become a first language in some urban areas, such as the region of Abidjan, Ivory Coast and in Libreville. There is not a single African French, but multiple forms that diverged through contact with various indigenous African languages, sub-Saharan Africa is the region where the French language is most likely to expand, because of the expansion of education and rapid population growth
French language
–
The
"arrêt" signs (French for "stop") are used in
Canada while the international stop, which is also a valid French word, is used in France as well as other French-speaking countries and regions.
French language
–
Regions where French is the main language
French language
–
Town sign in
Standard Arabic and French at the entrance of
Rechmaya in
Lebanon.
French language
–
An obsolete 100
Lebanese pound note with the French language inscriptions "Banque du Liban" and "Cent livres".
40.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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Walter Brennan was the first winner in this category for 1936's
Come and Get It; He would also win for his roles in
Kentucky (1938) and
The Westerner (1940).
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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Van Heflin won in 1942 for his performance in
Johnny Eager.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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George Sanders won for his role in 1950's
All About Eve.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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Karl Malden won in 1951 for
A Streetcar Named Desire.
41.
The Salzburg Connection
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The Salzburg Connection is a 1972 American DeLuxe Color thriller film directed by Lee H. Katzin, starring Barry Newman and Anna Karina in Panavision. It is based on a novel by Helen MacInnes, after a chest is brought up from the bottom of an Austrian lake, the diver, Richard Bryant, is found murdered. Bill Mathison is an American lawyer on vacation in Austria and he stops by a photography shop to meet with a man who is compiling a book of photographs of Austrian Lakes, as a favor to the publisher, and meets the photographers wife Anna. An American woman, Elissa Lang, pretending to be a recent college graduate on a European tour is also after the chest and they all end up fighting for their lives, as well as the possession of the chest along with a group of CIA agents
The Salzburg Connection
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Video artwork
42.
Colonel Redl
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Colonel Redl is a 1985 drama film by Hungarian director István Szabó. The plot, set in the period before World War I, follows the rise of Alfred Redl, Redl, who comes from a humble background, enters military school as a boy and has an illustrious military career pushed forward by his loyalty to the crown. He is appointed the head of an intelligence gathering unit, the film stars Klaus Maria Brandauer, Jan Niklas and Gudrun Landgrebe. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Film, Alfred Redl, a Ruthenian boy from Galicia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, wins an appointment to a prestigious military academy in spite of being the son of a mere peasant farmer. At his departure from home, his mother installs in him eternal gratitude towards the Emperor Franz Josef, Redl is never to forget that he owes to the emperor his promising career. At the military academy, the young Redl soon stands out for his talent, drive, Alfred and Kristof become fast friends. Kubinyi invites Redl home for the holidays to the elegant residence of his parents, there, Alfred meets Kristofs pretty sister, Katalin, who welcomes him warmly. To Kubinyis aristocratic parents, Redl hides his true humble background pretending to be of Hungarian ancestry, Redl and Kubinyi slowly climb the ladder of career-officers. Once they become adults, the two friends have different political ideals, as a Hungarian, Kubinyi slowly falls prey to the national aspirations of a Habsburg-free Hungary, while Redl remains fiercely patriotic and faithful to his benefactor, the Austrian Emperor. For Redl his relationship with Kubinyi goes beyond friendship as Redl harbors a love for his comrade. When the two men visit a brothel, Redl seems more interested in watching his friend Kristof having sex with one of the prostitutes than in engaging the woman in his own room. Redl suppresses his attraction to Kristof, however, and transfers it, as best as he can, to Katalin, back at the academy, Alfred serves as a second in a duel between Kristof and another classmate, who is killed in the contest. In Vienna, Redl is able to renew his friendship with Katalin and they become lovers in spite of Katalin knowing well that it is her brother who Alfred really loves. Redl is assigned to a garrison serving on the Russian border, the discipline there is lax and Redl readily stands out as a serious-minded young officer. When the district commander decides to retire, Redl is recommended for the job, as commanding officer, he proves very demanding, working hard to reinvigorate the discipline of his outfit. This does not sit well with the officers, including Kristof. When Redl and Kristof have a falling out over Kristofs sloppy habits and poor performance, colonel von Roden intervenes on Redls behalf again, bringing him back to Vienna to serve as deputy chief of the counter-espionage service. Its a nasty kind of job, since it entails spying on officers throughout the service, on Katalins suggestion, Redl undertakes a loveless marriage of convenience in order to quell rumors of his homosexual proclivities
Colonel Redl
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Theatrical release poster
43.
Alfred Redl
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Alfred Redl was an Austrian officer who rose to head the counter-intelligence efforts of Austria-Hungary. He was one of the figures of pre-World War I espionage. His term in office was marked by innovation, and he used advanced technology, for the time, but he was himself a paid spy for the Russians. Claims that Redl also worked for the services of France and Italy have surfaced much later. Born in Lemberg, Galicia, Austrian Empire, Redl came from a poor family. His ability enabled Redl to rise quickly within the ranks of the Austro-Hungarian Army. Redl attended the War School in Vienna, which accepted only 50 entrants a year from about a thousand applicants. Acquiring a specialist interest in Russian military issues, Redl joined the Intelligence Bureau of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff, by 1907 Redl had become head of the counter-intelligence branch of the Intelligence Bureau. However, at the time, Redl himself became a spy for Russia. Redls motives for treason are still unclear and he may have been caught in a compromising position by Russian agents, since he was homosexual and being exposed as such would have been fatal to his career prospects. In 1902 he reportedly passed a copy of Austro-Hungarian war plans to the Russians, General von Gieslingen, Head of Austro-Hungarian military intelligence delegated Redl himself to investigate the source of this leak. In consultation with his Russian contacts Redl identified several low-level agents as Tsarist spies, thereby protecting himself, Redl was paid well by the Tsarist government for his services, and acquired a lifestyle far beyond what his official salary could cover. It would appear there was also a strong element of vanity involved. A Russian report of 1907 describes Redl as more sly and false than intelligent and talented, from 1903 to 1913, Redl was Russias leading spy. Before World War I he gave the Russians Plan III, the entire Austrian invasion plan for Serbia, the Russians then informed the Serbian military command about Plan III. As a result, when the Austrians invaded Serbia, the Serbians were well prepared, Redl not only provided much of Austrias military secrets and plans, but he also supplied incorrect estimations of Russian military strength to his own military authorities. Redl has been called one of historys greatest traitors because purportedly his actions were responsible for the deaths of half a million of his countrymen and he is known beyond question to have sent Austrian agents into Russia and then to have sold them out to St. Petersburg. He also had Austrian agents within the Russian Imperial Staff, but betrayed them too and he is also believed to have informed upon various Russian officers who contacted Austro-Hungarian intelligence
Alfred Redl
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Alfred Redl
44.
Nero
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Nero was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor, during his reign, the redoubtable general Corbulo conducted a successful war and negotiated peace with the Parthian Empire. His general Suetonius Paulinus crushed a revolt in Britain, Nero annexed the Bosporan Kingdom to the empire and may have begun the First Jewish–Roman War. In 64 AD, most of Rome was destroyed in the Great Fire of Rome, Suetonius, writing a generation later, claims that many Romans believed Nero himself had started the fire, in order to clear land for his planned palatial complex, the Domus Aurea. In 68, the rebellion of Vindex in Gaul and later the acclamation of Galba in Hispania drove Nero from the throne, facing a false report of being denounced as a public enemy who was to be executed, he committed suicide on 9 June 68. His death ended the Julio-Claudian dynasty, sparking a period of civil wars known as the Year of the Four Emperors. Neros rule is often associated with tyranny and extravagance and he is known for many executions, including that of his mother, and the probable murder by poison of his stepbrother Britannicus. Nero was rumored to have had captured Christians dipped in oil and this view is based on the writings of Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio, the main surviving sources for Neros reign, but a few sources paint Nero in a more favourable light. Some sources, including some mentioned above, portray him as an emperor who was popular with the common Roman people, some modern historians question the reliability of ancient sources when reporting on Neros tyrannical acts. Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, Nero, was born on 15 December 37 in Antium and he was the only son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the Younger, sister of Emperor Caligula. Neros father, Gnaeus, was the son of Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, Gnaeus was thus the grandson of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and probably Aemilia Lepida on his fathers side, and the grandson of Mark Antony and Octavia Minor on his mothers side. Thus, Nero had as his paternal grandmother Antonia Major, through Octavia, Nero was the great-nephew of Caesar Augustus. Neros father had employed as a praetor and was a member of Caligulas staff when the latter travelled to the East. Neros father was described by Suetonius as a murderer and a cheat who was charged by Emperor Tiberius with treason, adultery, Tiberius died, allowing him to escape these charges. Neros father died of edema in 39 when Nero was two, Neros mother was Agrippina the Younger, a great-granddaughter of Caesar Augustus and his wife Scribonia through their daughter Julia the Elder and her husband Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. Agrippinas father, Germanicus, was a grandson of Augustuss wife, Livia, on one side and Mark Antony, Germanicus mother Antonia Minor was a daughter of Octavia Minor and Mark Antony. Germanicus was also the son of Tiberius. Agrippina poisoned her second husband Passienus Crispus, so many ancient historians also accuse her of murdering her third husband, the emperor Claudius
Nero
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Bust of Nero at the
Musei Capitolini,
Rome
Nero
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Coin issued under
Claudius celebrating young Nero as the future emperor, c. 50.
Nero
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Nero and
Agrippina. Agrippina crowns her young son Nero with a laurel wreath. She carries a
cornucopia, symbol of fortune and plenty, and he wears the armour and cloak of a Roman commander, with a helmet on the ground at his feet. The scene refers to Nero's accession as emperor in 54 AD and is dated before 59 AD when Nero had Agrippina murdered.
Nero
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Coin of Nero and
Poppaea Sabina
45.
Bror von Blixen-Finecke
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Baron Bror Fredrik von Blixen-Finecke was a Swedish baron, writer, and African big-game hunter. Although the couple were divorced in 1925, she was quoted as saying, shortly before her death, If I could wish anything back of my life, on 1 August 1928, he married the British aristocrat Jacqueline Harriet Cockie Alexander. When he was visited in Kenya by the Swedish adventurer and aviator Eva Dickson in 1932, while Cockie was visiting her mother in England, the marriage quickly ended, as he and Eva became lovers. In March 1938, Eva Dickson von Blixen-Finecke died in a car crash outside Baghdad, Bror von Blixen-Finecke didnt learn about her death until 28 July 1938, and he was devastated by the news. He left Africa after 25 years and returned to his native Sweden, for many years von Blixen-Finecke ran a firm of safari guides, and among his clients was Edward, Prince of Wales. Hunting with Blix was a magnificent experience, said one client, with his quiet, almost lyrical narrative of what happened around us he got nature to live like I have never experienced since. In the film Out of Africa, which is based on Karen Blixens memoirs of the same name, von Blixen-Fineckes identical twin, Hans, died in a plane crash in 1917. Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Adelslexikon I, vol
Bror von Blixen-Finecke
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Blixen's coat of arms
46.
Erik Jan Hanussen
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Erik Jan Hanussen, born Hermann Steinschneider, was an Austrian Jewish publicist, charlatan and clairvoyant performer. Acclaimed in his lifetime as a hypnotist, mentalist, occultist and he is said to have instructed Adolf Hitler in performance and the achievement of dramatic effect. Although Hanussen claimed to be a Danish aristocrat, he was in fact a Moravian Jew, Hanussens father, Siegfried Steinschneider, was an actor and caretaker of a synagogue who married Antonie Julie Kohn, a singer, in Vienna, Austria. Hanussens parents traveled constantly through Austria and Italy with acting and musical troupes, after World War I, Hanussen performed a mind reading, muscle reading, and hypnosis act at La Scala in Berlin that catapulted him to stardom. At his height, he enjoyed the company of Germanys military and business elite and it is claimed he was a supporter of the Nazis despite his Jewish ancestry, which was an open secret. Hanussen was also close to other important Nazi officials, to whom he had often lent money, including Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorf, Karl Ernst. Langer, a psychoanalyst, prepared a psychological profile of Hitler for the Office of Strategic Services in 1943, the profile included a reference to Hanussen. During the early 1920s Hitler took regular lessons in speaking and in psychology from a man named who was also a practicing astrologer and fortune-teller. He was an extremely clever individual who taught Hitler a great deal concerning the importance of staging meetings to obtain the greatest dramatic effect and he predicted events in the lives of the individuals present, but controversy arose when he predicted the future of Germany. He became successful, was always in demand in various venues, alfred Neubauer, a famous motor racing team manager, refers to Hanussen in his autobiography, Speed Was My Life. In the chapter A Prophecy Comes True, he describes a prediction made by Hanussen before the race at AVUS in Germany in May 1932, while at the Roxy Bar with other drivers, Neubauer challenged Hanussen to predict the winner of the following days race. After some leg pulling, Hanussen wrote two names on a piece of paper, which he folded, and put in an envelope and this was placed in the custody of the barman. He had strict instructions that it be left unopened until after the race, Hanussen announced, One of us at this table will win tomorrow, another will die. The two names are in this envelope, during the race, driver Prince Lobkowicz was killed, and Brauchitsch won. After the race, Neubauer states he opened the envelope and found those names inside, several days later, a Berlin newspaper reported that Hanussen had urged the German Automobile Club to persuade Prince Lobkowicz not to take part in the race, but Club officials had taken no action. Predicting the Reichstag fire, a event that allowed recently appointed Chancellor of Germany Adolf Hitler to seize absolute power in 1933, was Hanussens most famous feat of clairvoyance. It also was possibly a miscalculated use of information that led to his death shortly thereafter. Hanussen was assassinated on March 25,1933, probably by a group of SA men and he was potential competition to Hermann Göring and Joseph Goebbels for the attention of their Führer, which may also have led to his murder
Erik Jan Hanussen
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Historical
47.
Johann Georg Elser
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A time bomb that Elser constructed and placed near the speaking platform failed to kill Hitler, who left earlier than expected, but killed eight people and injured over sixty-two others. Elser was held as a prisoner for five years until executed at the Dachau concentration camp. Georg Elser was born in Hermaringen, Württemberg to Ludwig Elser and his parents married one year after his birth, and Maria moved to Königsbronn to live with Ludwig on his smallholding. His father was a merchant, while his mother worked the farm. Georg was often left to care for his five siblings, Friederike, Maria, Ludwig, Anna. He attended elementary school in Königsbronn from 1910–17 and showed ability in drawing, penmanship and his childhood was marred by his fathers heavy drinking. Elser recalled in his interrogation by the Gestapo in 1939 how his father came home late from work drunk. In 1917, Elser worked half a year assisting in his fathers business, seeking independence, he started an apprenticeship as a lathe operator at the smelter in Königsbronn, but was forced to quit for health reasons. Between 1919 and 1922 he was apprenticed to master woodworker, Robert Sapper, after topping his class at Heidenheim Trade School, he worked in the furniture factory of Paul Rieder in Aalen. In 1925, he left home to work at Wachter woodworking company in the small community of Bernried. Exploring along Lake Constance on foot, he arrived at Friedrichshafen, in August 1925, a work-friend enticed Elser to go with him to Konstanz to work in a clock factory. Due to lack of work, the factory closed down, was sold. Elser was re-employed, but, along with the other employees, during this period, Elser shared a room with a Communist co-worker who convinced him to join the Red Front Fighters League. He also joined a traditional dress and dance group, in 1929, he found work with Schönholzer, a small woodworking company in Bottighofen, requiring Elser to cross the border daily into Switzerland. The work ran out within six months, however, and he was let go, at around this time Elser met a waitress, Mathilde Niedermann. When she became pregnant, he drove her to Geneva, Switzerland, Mathilde was found to be in the fourth month of pregnancy, precluding a legal abortion. The child was born, a boy named Manfred, when Elser left Mathilde, he was left with child support payments that often surpassed his weekly wage. In 1930, Elser began commuting daily by ferry from Konstanz to work in the small Rothmund clock factory in Meersburg where he made the housing for wall, at the Kreuzlingen Free Temperance Union he started a friendship with a seamstress, Hilda Lang
Johann Georg Elser
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Johann Georg Elser
Johann Georg Elser
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Dornier flying boat, 1932
Johann Georg Elser
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The
Bürgerbräukeller after the 1939 assassination attempt.
Johann Georg Elser
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The solemn act of state before the Feldherrenhalle in Munich (11/11/1939) for the seven victims of the criminal bomb attack in Bürgerbräukeller on 11/08/1939 (original caption)
48.
White Fang (1991 film)
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White Fang is a 1991 American Northern adventure film directed by Randal Kleiser, starring Ethan Hawke, Klaus Maria Brandauer and Seymour Cassel. Based on Jack Londons novel White Fang, it tells the story of the friendship between a Yukon gold hunter and a wolfdog, White Fang is portrayed by a wolfdog, Jed, who also appeared in such films as The Thing and The Journey of Natty Gann. A sequel to the film, White Fang 2, Myth of the White Wolf, was released in 1994, in the late 19th Century, a young explorer named Jack Conroy arrives in Alaska from San Francisco to look for his deceased fathers claim. Conroy meets a musher named Skunker and Alex Larson, Conroys fathers buddy, while on their journey, they are stalked by a large pack of wolves. One night, while resting at a campfire, a female wolf manages to lure one of the dogs away from the group. Skunker uses his ammunition to wound one wolf and gives chase to save his dog, later that night the wolves return but are scared off by Jack and Alex using burning branches. The following morning the attack the two men, but they are saved when another sled team arrives with one of the men fatally shooting a male wolf. His pup is left to fend for himself, Jack and Alex reach a town where they plan to stay for the winter. A band of Native Americans, meanwhile, find the pup, as spring comes, Jack and Alex resume their quest, but stop off at the Native Americans settlement. The chief explains that White Fang has been raised to obey, not to be friendly, Jacks chance comes when he is chased and trapped by a grizzly bear. White Fang intervenes, saving Jacks life, Jack and Alex later leave the settlement. Smith and his gang train White Fang to be vicious in order to him into illegal dogfights. White Fang eventually meets his match in a fight against a bulldog. Having earlier reached his fathers claim and begun the work of digging for gold, Jack returns with White Fang to the cabin where he seeks to transform White Fangs vicious, Jacks attempts to tame White Fang eventually succeed, both wolfdog and man develop a close and trusting bond. Alex helps Jack mine for gold and they strike it rich with the help of White Fang, one morning, Jack travels to the town to claim proper ownership to the gold when one of Smiths colleagues notices White Fang with him. Seeking retaliation and planning to steal the gold, Smith and his men attack the cabin site, Jack and Alex manage to outwit Smiths bandits. White Fang nearly attacks Smith until hes ordered by Jack to back down, Jack and Alex force Smith and his men back to town where they are arrested. Alex and his offer to take Jack back to San Francisco
White Fang (1991 film)
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Promotional film poster
listen); born 22 June 1943) is an Austrian actor, film director, and professor at the Max Reinhardt Seminar in Vienna. He is known internationally for his roles in Mephisto (1981), Never Say Never Again (1983) and Out of Africa (1985).
