1.
Poland
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Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, the total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres, making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe, Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin, the establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe, Poland regained its independence in 1918 at the end of World War I, reconstituting much of its historical territory as the Second Polish Republic. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, followed thereafter by invasion by the Soviet Union. More than six million Polish citizens died in the war, after the war, Polands borders were shifted westwards under the terms of the Potsdam Conference. With the backing of the Soviet Union, a communist puppet government was formed, and after a referendum in 1946. During the Revolutions of 1989 Polands Communist government was overthrown and Poland adopted a new constitution establishing itself as a democracy, informally called the Third Polish Republic. Since the early 1990s, when the transition to a primarily market-based economy began, Poland has achieved a high ranking on the Human Development Index. Poland is a country, which was categorised by the World Bank as having a high-income economy. Furthermore, it is visited by approximately 16 million tourists every year, Poland is the eighth largest economy in the European Union and was the 6th fastest growing economy on the continent between 2010 and 2015. According to the Global Peace Index for 2014, Poland is ranked 19th in the list of the safest countries in the world to live in. The origin of the name Poland derives from a West Slavic tribe of Polans that inhabited the Warta River basin of the historic Greater Poland region in the 8th century, the origin of the name Polanie itself derives from the western Slavic word pole. In some foreign languages such as Hungarian, Lithuanian, Persian and Turkish the exonym for Poland is Lechites, historians have postulated that throughout Late Antiquity, many distinct ethnic groups populated the regions of what is now Poland. The most famous archaeological find from the prehistory and protohistory of Poland is the Biskupin fortified settlement, dating from the Lusatian culture of the early Iron Age, the Slavic groups who would form Poland migrated to these areas in the second half of the 5th century AD. With the Baptism of Poland the Polish rulers accepted Christianity and the authority of the Roman Church
2.
Brewing company
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A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer. The place at which beer is made is either called a brewery or a beerhouse. The commercial brewing of beer has taken place since at least 2500 BC, in ancient Mesopotamia, brewers derived social sanction, the diversity of size in breweries is matched by the diversity of processes, degrees of automation, and kinds of beer produced in breweries. A brewery is typically divided into sections, with each section reserved for one part of the brewing process. Beer may have known in Neolithic Europe and was mainly brewed on a domestic scale. In some form, it can be traced back almost 5000 years to Mesopotamian writings describing daily rations of beer and bread to workers. Before the rise of production breweries, the production of beer took place at home and was the domain of women and this industrialization of brewing shifted the responsibility of making beer to men. The oldest, still functional, brewery in the world is believed to be the German state-owned Weihenstephan brewery in the city of Freising and it can trace its history back to 1040 AD. The nearby Weltenburg Abbey brewery, can trace back its beer-brewing tradition to at least 1050 AD, the Žatec brewery in the Czech Republic claims it can prove that it paid a beer tax in 1004 AD. This layout often is preserved in breweries today, but mechanical pumps allow more flexibility in brewery design, early breweries typically used large copper vats in the brewhouse, and fermentation and packaging took place in lined wooden containers. Such breweries were common until the Industrial Revolution, when better materials became available, today, almost all brewery equipment is made of stainless steel. During the Industrial Revolution, the production of beer moved from artisanal manufacture to industrial manufacture, a handful of major breakthroughs have led to the modern brewery and its ability to produce the same beer consistently. The steam engine, vastly improved in 1775 by James Watt, brought automatic stirring mechanisms and it gave brewers the ability to mix liquids more reliably while heating, particularly the mash, to prevent scorching, and a quick way to transfer liquid from one container to another. Almost all breweries now use electric-powered stirring mechanisms and pumps, the steam engine also allowed the brewer to make greater quantities of beer, as human power was no longer a limiting factor in moving and stirring. Carl von Linde, along with others, is credited with developing the machine in 1871. Refrigeration allowed beer to be produced year-round, and always at the same temperature, yeast is very sensitive to temperature, and, if a beer were produced during summer, the yeast would impart unpleasant flavours onto the beer. Most brewers would produce enough beer during winter to last through the summer, the discovery of microbes by Louis Pasteur was instrumental in the control of fermentation. The idea that yeast was a microorganism that worked on wort to produce led to the isolation of a single yeast cell by Emil Christian Hansen
3.
SABMiller
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SABMiller plc was a multinational brewing and beverage company headquartered in Woking, England on the outskirts of London until 10 October 2016 when it was acquired by Anheuser-Busch InBev. Prior to that date, it was the worlds second-largest brewer measured by revenues and was also a major bottler of Coca-Cola and its brands included Fosters, Miller, and Pilsner Urquell. It operated in 80 countries worldwide and in 2009 sold around 21 billion litres of beverages, since 10 October 2016, SABMiller has been a business division of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, a Belgian corporation with headquarters in Leuven. SABMillers origins date back to the foundation of South African Breweries in 1895 to serve a market of miners and prospectors in. Two years later, it became the first industrial company to list on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, from the early 1990s onwards, the company increasingly expanded internationally, making several acquisitions in both emerging and developed markets. In 1999, it formed a new UK-based holding company, SAB plc, in May 2002, SAB plc acquired Miller Brewing, forming SABMiller plc. The acquisition of SABMiller by Anheuser-Busch InBev on October 10,2016 ended the use of the name SABMiller. Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV began trading on the Brussels Stock Exchange as ABI, as BUD on the New York stock exchange, SABMiller ceased trading on global stock markets The company divested itself of its interests in the MillerCoors beer company to Molson Coors. On 21 December 2016, the agreed to sell the former SABMiller Ltd. business in Eastern Europe to Asahi Breweries Group Holdings. Anheuser-Busch InBev had previously agreed to sell Grolsch Brewery, Peroni Brewery and Meantime Brewery to Asahi, on the same day, the sale of SABMillers 49 percent share in Snow beer to China Resources Enterprise also closed. Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV is also selling much of an SABMillers subsidiary that was bottling and distributing Coca-Cola to the Coca-Cola Company, the affected regions include Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Swaziland, Lesotho, El Salvador and Honduras. The origins of the date back to the foundation of South African Breweries in 1895 in South Africa. Following this, the next major acquisition was of a major interest in Bavaria S. A. South Americas second largest brewer and owner of the Aguila and Club Colombia brands in 2005, the company became engaged in the hostile takeover of Fosters in August 2011, and in September 2011 the board of Fosters agreed to a takeover bid valuing the company at A$9. 9bn. The deal was completed by the end of 2011, but excluded the Fosters lager brand in the UK and Europe, in November 2011, SABMiller launched Impala Cervejas in Africa, the first commercially produced cassava beer, although Africans have been making cassava home brews for generations. The taste is described as bitter, somewhat tangy, not sweet. In 2013, the company joined leading alcohol producers as part of a producers commitments to reducing harmful drinking, SABMillers stake at the time was valued at approximately ZAR11.7 billion. The new bottler, Coca-Cola Beverages Africa, will serve 12 high-growth countries accounting for approximately 40 percent of all Coca-Cola beverage volumes in Africa, SABMiller will hold 57 percent shareholding in the proposed venture
4.
Lech Browary Wielkopolski
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Lech Browary Wielkopolski is a big industrial brewery in Poznań, with a production capacity of 7.5 million hl. The plant is owned by Kompania Piwowarska SA, the modern brewing plant in Poznań was built between 1975-1980. In 1984 a malthouse was added, by 1992, along with other brewers, it was part of Wielkopolskie Zakłady Piwowarsko-Słodownicze SA, but after 1992 it became the companys main production facility - Lech Browary SA. In 1993, the ministry has decided to privatize the ownership of the brewery, as a result of the tender a majority shareholder in the company was Euro Agro Centrum Poznań, owned by entrepreneur Jan Kulczyk. In 1996, the brewery was taken over by South African Breweries, three years later, the two breweries were combined to form Kompania Piwowarska. The establishment of the record was attended by 10,625 people, on July 31,2010, an advertisement containing words Zimny Lech was placed near Wawel. The controversy was that in Polish, zimny Lech means both cold Lech, as well as cold Lech, the president of Poland, whose corpse was buried in Wawel on April 18,2010. On August 2,2010, it was announced that that advertisement was going to be removed from near Wawel, as well as from other cities
5.
Tyskie
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Tyskie /ˈtɪskjə/ is a Polish brand of beer, its name comes from the brewery located in the Upper Silesia town of Tychy. Asahi Group Holdings acquired the brand from Anheuser-Busch InBev in December,2016, the main brands are Tyskie Gronie and Książęce Tyskie premium beers. The brewery is one of the oldest in Europe and at their location in Tychy withstood numerous historical border partitions of Poland, Beer has been produced in Tychy continuously for almost 400 years. From 1629, the brewery, then known in German as the Fürstliche Brauerei Tichau, was in the ownership of the German noble House of Promnitz. From 1861, the became known as the Fürstliche Brauerei in Tichau. Between 1918 and 1939, the merged with neighbouring competing companies. During World War II, the brewery was put under the management of the occupying authorities, in its beginnings, the brewery produced three kinds of beer, mailings, yeast and tableware. Only the high quality beer was intended for sale, and the two were a beer allowance drunk mainly by brewers and their families. In the early nineteenth century the brewery produced only two beverages, beer and Bavarian malt, both top-fermenting, Bavarian malt with a classical composition, saturated color was brown, sweet, calorie and low-hopped. The standard favorite was the dark niskoekstraktowe, weak and only for immediate consumption, after the expansion of the brewery in the nineteenth century and the introduction of bottom-fermenting, they started to produce beer in March, called Tyskie lager, a relatively short Bavarian beer. The first beers were light and were sold under the Książęce brand, in the interwar period, popular brands from Tyskie were the Książęce Tyskie Pilsen, the Książęce Tyskie Export, the Książęce Tyskie Beer full, and Tyskie Porter. Tyskie is one of the brands of beer in Poland. Tyskie also has a large export distribution through its parent SABMiller company, the main export brands are Tyskie Gronie, a 5. 5% full-flavored pale lager, and Książęce Tyskie, a 5. 7% classic lager. Tyskie bottles are known for their distinctive white packaging, the label depicts a royal crown to commemorate John III Sobieski king of Poland, who was born in 1629, the same year the family von Promnitz established a brewery in the town of Tychy. Since 2004, the Tyskie Brewing Museum was founded on the premises in Tychy. The Tyskie Brewing Museum represents an important anchor point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage in Poland, in 2002, Tyskie Gronie won The Brewing Industry International Awards, receiving the two most prestigious awards - Gold Medal and Grand Prix
6.
Tychy
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Tychy is a city in Silesia, Poland, approximately 20 kilometres south of Katowice. Situated on the edge of the Upper Silesian industrial district. The Gostynia river, a tributary of the Vistula, flows through Tychy, since 1999 Tychy has been located within the Silesian Voivodeship, a province consisting of 71 regional towns and cities. Tychy is well known for its industry and its international developed brand Tyskie. Since 1950 Tychy has grown rapidly, mainly as a result of post-war socialist planning policies enacted to disperse the population of industrial Upper Silesia, although appropriate for most of Tychys history, the name is now somewhat ironic considering the growth of the city from 1950 onwards. Originally established as an agricultural settlement on the medieval trade route between Oświęcim and Mikołów, Tychy was first documented in 1467. In 1629 the first trace of serious economic activity was recorded in the shape of the Książęcy Brewery, from 1526 onwards the area on which Tychy is built was part of the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy. This situation came to an end when Prussia forcibly took the land in 1742 and its population also grew between World War I and World War II, reaching a population of 11,000 at its highest point during this time. Fortunately the city received minimal damage during the invasion, thanks largely to the fact that most of the fighting took place in the Mikołów-Wyry area. The New City was designated by the Polish government in 1950, Tychy is the largest of the so-called new towns in Poland and was built from 1950 to 1985, to allow for urban expansion in the southeast of the Upper Silesian industrial region. By 2006, the population had reached 132,500, the design and planning of New Tychy was entrusted to Kazimierz Wejchert and his wife Hanna Adamczewska-Wejchert. In the administrative reforms which came into effect in 1999, Tychy was made a city with the status of a powiat, between 1999 and 2002, it was also the administrative seat of an entity called Tychy County, which is now known as the Bieruń-Lędziny County. Tychy is twinned with the town of Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, a large Fiat car factory is located in Tychy, that was opened in 1975, and is owned by the Italian manufacturer since 1992. In 2008, the factory had a production of half a million cars. It produces the new Fiat 500, the Ford Ka, and it was the exclusive manufacturing site for the second generation Fiat Panda until 2012, when it ended production. Also in Tychy is located the GM Powertrain Poland factory producing automobile engines for General Motors cars and this plant was opened by Isuzu as Isuzu Motors Polska in 1996,2002 GM took over 60% interest of that company, and in 2013 the remaining 40%. The Tyskie beer is produced in Tychy, by Kompania Piwowarska and it is reportedly one of the best selling brands of beer in Poland, with around 18% share of the Polish market as of 2009. In Tychy operates one of three remaining systems in Poland
7.
Dojlidy Brewery
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Dojlidy Brewery /dɔɪˈliːdə/ is a brewery located in Białystok, Poland, and owned by Kompania Piwowarska SA, the Polish subsidiary of SABMiller. The brewery was modernized between 1997 and 1999, then in 2003 it was purchased by Kompania Piwowarska SA, the Dojlidy Brewery used to make many different brands of beer, after being bought by Kompania Piwowarska S. A. their main product is Żubr. Żubr is one of the most popular beers in Poland and is also on sale throughout Europe, a major difference between Polish beers and those of other major beer producing countries is that they have higher alcohol percentages. Żubr is now 6. 0% while Magnat is 7%, the first beer factory was built in Dojlidy in 1768 by the Dojlido family. After his death in 1771, together all of Białostock brewery inherits the widow of the deceased. The activities of the brewery stops, in 1891, the property was owned by the family of Count Rüdigerów. With their initiative, on the site of a former manor Krusensternów, was built in the neoclassical style mansion, near the palace was built steam brewery. The Doilidy Brewery was founded in 1891 and it was taken over by the Lubomirski family in 1920 and went through a huge modernization. The period of World War I, the complex has survived almost intact Dojlidy Brewery, unfortunately, in 1915 the Russians took all the equipment from the brewery. This order was never entered into force, and the property remained in the hands of the Baroness, in 1921, Baroness, sold the entire property for five million German marks Dyskontowemu Bank in Warsaw and the Polish-American Peoples Bank in Kraków. The entire property was sold Prince George Lubomirski Raphael, in possession of the beer company underwent a complete renovation. In the late twenties Dojlidy brewery occupied the place in terms of beer production in the country and was the biggest such facility on the east of Poland. Dojlidy beer was sold in Grodno, Brest, Vilnius, Slonim, Baranovichi, Warsaw, between the brewery dojlidzki reached an annual production volume of approximately 75000 hl of beer and employed about 150 workers. Good Dojlidy were in the possession of the Lubomirski,1939 During World War II the brewery brewed beer Dojlidy was exported to Germany, during the withdrawal of German troops from Bialystok in the year 1944, the brewery was destroyed. It was rebuilt between 1948 and 1954 as Białostockie Zakłady Piwowarsko-Słodownicze, after 12 February 1948, when it takes over the brewery dojlidzki state, shall be begun rebuilding. The plant was started only in 1954, the former brewery, beer bottling plant was placed initially, and then rebuilt production line and resumed production as Białostockie BEER-malting plants in Bialystok. In 1969 they were transformed with the running of breweries in Lomza, in 1969 it was turned along with annexed breweries in Łomża and Suwałki into Zakłady Piwowarskie. In December 1996, the majority shareholder of Plant Piwowarskie Sp, Bialystok was a German beer company Binding Brauerei from Frankfurt
8.
Litre
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The litre or liter is an SI accepted metric system unit of volume equal to 1 cubic decimetre,1,000 cubic centimetres or 1/1,000 cubic metre. A cubic decimetre occupies a volume of 10×10×10 centimetres and is equal to one-thousandth of a cubic metre. The original French metric system used the litre as a base unit. The word litre is derived from an older French unit, the litron, whose name came from Greek — where it was a unit of weight, not volume — via Latin, and which equalled approximately 0.831 litres. The litre was also used in subsequent versions of the metric system and is accepted for use with the SI. The spelling used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures is litre, the less common spelling of liter is more predominantly used in American English. One litre of water has a mass of almost exactly one kilogram. Subsequent redefinitions of the metre and kilogram mean that this relationship is no longer exact, a litre is defined as a special name for a cubic decimetre or 10 centimetres ×10 centimetres ×10 centimetres. Hence 1 L ≡0.001 m3 ≡1000 cm3, from 1901 to 1964, the litre was defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water at maximum density and standard pressure. The kilogram was in turn specified as the mass of a platinum/iridium cylinder held at Sèvres in France and was intended to be of the mass as the 1 litre of water referred to above. It was subsequently discovered that the cylinder was around 28 parts per million too large and thus, during this time, additionally, the mass-volume relationship of water depends on temperature, pressure, purity and isotopic uniformity. In 1964, the definition relating the litre to mass was abandoned in favour of the current one, although the litre is not an official SI unit, it is accepted by the CGPM for use with the SI. CGPM defines the litre and its acceptable symbols, a litre is equal in volume to the millistere, an obsolete non-SI metric unit customarily used for dry measure. The litre is often used in some calculated measurements, such as density. One litre of water has a mass of almost exactly one kilogram when measured at its maximal density, similarly,1 millilitre of water has a mass of about 1 g,1,000 litres of water has a mass of about 1,000 kg. It is now known that density of water depends on the isotopic ratios of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a particular sample. The litre, though not an official SI unit, may be used with SI prefixes, the most commonly used derived unit is the millilitre, defined as one-thousandth of a litre, and also often referred to by the SI derived unit name cubic centimetre. It is a commonly used measure, especially in medicine and cooking, Other units may be found in the table below, where the more often used terms are in bold
9.
Anheuser-Busch InBev
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Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV is a multinational beverage and brewing company with global headquarters in Leuven, Belgium. Additional main offices are located in New York City, São Paulo, St. Louis, London, Mexico City, Johannesburg, Toronto, Buenos Aires, the company was enlarged in October 2016 when AB InBev purchased SABMiller and concluded a merger of the two entities. It was the worlds largest brewer even before the acquisition of SABMiller and is considered one of the largest Fast-Moving Consumer Goods companies in the world. The estimated annual sales for the company in 2017 will be US$55 billion, prior to the merger, the company is expected to have an estimated global market share of 28 percent, according to Euromonitor International. In October 2015, Anheuser-Busch InBev announced a successful bid to acquire multinational competitor SABMiller for £69 billion. Shareholders for both companies approved the merger on 28 September 2016, the deal closed on October 10,2016. The new entity has approximately 500 beer brands in 50 countries as of January 2017, SABMiller ceased trading on global stock markets. Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV is a listed company, with its primary listing on the Euronext Brussels. It has secondary listings on Mexican Stock Exchange, Johannesburg Stock Exchange, AB InBev was formed following the acquisition of American brewer Anheuser-Busch by Belgian-Brazilian brewer InBev, which is a merger of AmBev and Interbrew. Interbrew was formed in 1987 from a merger of the two largest breweries in Belgium, Artois and Piedboeuf, the Artois brewery, previously known as Den Hoorn, was established by 1366. In 1995, Interbrew expanded by acquiring Labatt Brewing Company, the largest brewer in Canada, in 2002 it acquired Becks, the maker of the worlds top selling German beer. AmBev was created in 1999 with the merger of the two biggest Brazilian brewers, Antarctica and Brahma, Anheuser-Busch was established in 1852 in St. Louis, Missouri as Anheuser & Co In 2004, Interbrew and AmBev merged, creating the worlds largest brewer, InBev. The deal was valued at $11.5 billion and combined the 3rd largest, the deal consolidated the top brands from Belgium, Canada, Germany and Brazil. In 2007, subsidiary Labatt acquired Lakeport in Canada, and InBev increased its shareholding in QUINSA, strengthening the company’s foothold in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. Under the terms of the agreement, all shares of Anheuser-Busch were acquired for 70 USD per share in cash. In 2013, Anheuser-Busch InBev joined leading alcohol producers as part of a producers commitments to reducing harmful drinking, the following is a diagram of Anheuser-Buschs major mergers and acquisitions and historical predecessors, produced prior to the acquisition of SABMiller. After the merger in 1987, Interbrew acquired a number of breweries in Belgium. By 1991, a phase of targeted external growth began outside Belgium
10.
Asahi Breweries
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Asahi Breweries, Ltd. is a leading brewery and soft drink company based in Tokyo, Japan. As of January 2014, Asahi, with a 38% market share, was the largest of the four major producers in Japan followed by Kirin Beer with 35%. The deal closed on December 21,2016 and included popular beer brands such as Pilsner Urquell, Tyskie, Lech, Dreher, Anheuser-Busch InBev had also agreed to sell Grolsch Brewery, Peroni Brewery and Englands Meantime Brewery to Asahi, these deals closed on October 12,2016. Asahi was founded in Osaka in 1889 as the Osaka Beer Company, during the First World War German prisoners worked in the brewery. In 1990, Asahi acquired a 19. 9% stake in Australian brewery giant Elders IXL which has become the Fosters Group. In 2009, Asahi acquired the Australian beverages unit Schweppes Australia, in early 2009, Asahi acquired 19. 9% of Tsingtao Brewery from Anheuser-Busch InBev for $667 million. The sale made Asahi Breweries, Ltd. the second largest shareholder in Tsingtao behind only the Tsingtao Brewery Group, in July 2011, Asahi acquired New Zealand juice maker Charlies and the water and juice divisions of Australian beverage company P&N Beverages. In August 2011, Asahi acquired New Zealands Independent Liquor, maker of Vodka Cruiser and other alcoholic beverages, in May 2013 its New Zealand operations expanded with the purchase of retail chain Mill Liquorsave. Also, Asahi acquired the Australian brands and assets of Cricketers Arms and Mountain Goat Brewery in 2013 and 2015, in 2016, the company bought a number of breweries in Europe as a result of regulators demands before SABMiller was acquired by Anheuser-Busch InBev. The companys primary beer, from 1957 through the late 1980s, was Asahi Gold, in 1987 Asahi introduced Asahi Super Dry a product that transformed the modern beer industry in Japan. Asahi Super Dry is described as a highly attenuated lager without the heavier malt flavors of competitors products, with a crisp, by early 2017, the Super Dry brand was Japan’s best-selling beer. The Beer Hall is considered one of Tokyos most recognizable modern structures, Beer in Japan Asahi Soft Drinks Official website Company history books. Wiki collection of works on Asahi Breweries
11.
Alcohol by volume
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Alcohol by volume is a standard measure of how much alcohol is contained in a given volume of an alcoholic beverage. It is defined as the number of millilitres of pure ethanol present in 100 millilitres of solution at 20 °C, the number of millilitres of pure ethanol is the mass of the ethanol divided by its density at 20 °C, which is 0.78924 g/ml. The ABV standard is used worldwide, the International Organization of Legal Metrology has tables of density of water–ethanol mixtures at different concentrations and temperatures. In some countries, such as the U. K and France, alcohol by volume is referred to as degrees Gay-Lussac and this results in the slight difference in marked % noted later in this article. Mixing two solutions of alcohol of different strengths usually causes a change in volume, mixing pure water with a solution less than 24% by mass causes a slight increase in total volume, whereas the mixing of two solutions above 24% causes a decrease in volume. The phenomenon of volume due to mixing dissimilar solutions is called partial molar volume. Details about typical amounts of alcohol contained in various beverages can be found in the articles about them. Another way of specifying the amount of alcohol is alcohol proof, for example, 40% abv is 80 proof in the US and 70 proof in the UK. However, since 1980, alcohol proof in the UK has been replaced by abv as a measure of alcohol content, in the United States, a few states regulate and tax alcoholic beverages according to alcohol by weight, expressed as a percentage of total mass. Some brewers print the ABW on beer containers, particularly on low-point versions of domestic beer brands. However, because of the miscibility of alcohol and water, the factor is not constant. 100% ABW, of course, is equivalent to 100% ABV, during the production of wine and beer, yeast is added to a sugary solution. During fermentation, the yeasts consume the sugars and produce alcohol, the density of sugar in water is greater than the density of alcohol in water. A hydrometer is used to measure the change in gravity of the solution before. The volume of alcohol in the solution can then be estimated, there are a number of empirical formulae which brewers and winemakers use to estimate the alcohol content of the liquor made. The simplest method for wine has been described by English author C. J. J, the number 0.7936 is the specific gravity of a 100% ethanol solution. The difference between the starting SG and the final SG measures the specific gravity lost to CO2 release
12.
Pale lager
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Pale lager is a very pale-to-golden-coloured lager beer with a well attenuated body and a varying degree of noble hop bitterness. This approach was picked up by brewers, most notably Josef Groll of Bavaria who produced Pilsner Urquell in the city of Pilsen in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The resulting Pilsner beers – pale-coloured, lean and stable beers – were very successful, Bavarian brewers in the sixteenth century were required by law to brew beer only during the cooler months of the year. In order to have beer available during the hot months, beers would be stored in caves and stone cellars. In the period 1820–1830, a brewer named Gabriel Sedlmayr II the Younger, whose family was running the Spaten Brewery in Bavaria, when he returned, he used what he had learned to get a more stable and consistent lager beer. The new recipe of the lager beer spread quickly over Europe. Pale lagers tend to be dry, lean, clean-tasting and crisp, flavours may be subtle, with no traditional beer ingredient dominating the others. Hop character ranges from negligible to a dry bitterness from noble hops, the main ingredients are water, Pilsner malt and noble hops, though some brewers use adjuncts such as rice or corn to lighten the body of the beer. There tends to be no butterscotch flavour from diacetyl, due to the slow, cold fermentation process. In 1842 Josef Groll of Pilsen, a city in western Bohemia in what is now the Czech Republic, used some of these methods to produce Pilsner Urquell and this beer proved so successful that other breweries followed the trend, using the name Pilsner. With the success of Pilsens golden beer, the town of Dortmund in Germany started brewing pale lager in 1873, as Dortmund was a major brewing centre, and the town breweries grouped together to export the beer beyond the town, the brand name Dortmunder Export became known. Today, breweries in Denmark, the Netherlands, and North America brew pale lagers labelled as Dortmunder Export, the earliest known brewing of pale lager in America was in the Old City section of Philadelphia by John Wagner in 1840 using yeast from his native Bavaria. Modern American lagers are usually made by large breweries such as Anheuser-Busch, lightness of body is a cardinal virtue, both by design and since it allows the use of a high percentage of rice or corn. Though all lagers are well attenuated, a fully fermented pale lager in Germany goes by the name Diät-Pils or Diätbier. Because the available sugars are fully fermented, dry beers often have an alcohol content. The first dry beer, Gablingers Diet Beer, was released in 1967, Owades developed an enzyme that could further break down starches, so that the finished product contained fewer residual carbohydrates and was lower in food energy. Since the 2012 revisions to the Diätverordnung, it is no longer permitted to label beer as Diät in Germany, but it may be advertised as suitable for diabetics. Prior to this change, a Diätbier could contain no more than 7.5 g of unfermented carbohydrates per liter, and this was followed by other dry beer brands such as Bud Dry, though the marketing concept was not considered a success
13.
Kompania Piwowarska
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Kompania Piwowarska is a Polish brewing group based in Poznań, established in 1999. Since 2009 it was 100% owned by SABMiller, kompania Piwowarska currently has three breweries, Lech Browary Wielkopolski in Poznań, Tyskie Browary Książęce in Tychy and Browar Dojlidy in Białystok. Tyskie Browary Książęce, one of the oldest breweries in Europe, was founded in 1629, the three breweries have a total capacity of 15.1 million hectolitres. The company was owned by SABMiller since 2009, kompania Piwowarska currently controls 45% of the Polish beer market. The main Lech brands are Lech Premium a 5. 2% abv pale lager, Lech Pils, Lech controls 8% of the Polish beer market. The Poznań brewary brews Dębowe Mocne, which is 7%, currently produced types are Lech Premium, Lech Pils and Lech Mocne. Tyskie is one of the best selling brands of beer in Poland, Tyskie also has a world distribution. The main brands are Tyskie Gronie, a 5. 6% pale lager, and Tyskie Książęce, the main Dojlidy Brewery brand is the 6% pale lager, Żubr
14.
Tyskie Brewing Museum
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The Tyskie Brewing Museum or Tyskie Browarium is a museum in Tychy in Silesia, Poland. The museum is an Anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage and it is an object of cultural heritage in Silesia, and a Polish national monument. During a 2009 vote the brewery complex was voted as one of the Seven Architectural Wonders of the Silesian Voivodeship, Tyskie beer has been on sale since 1629. The first brewery was founded by Princes of Promnitz who resided in a castle in Pszczyna. The brewery, then called Fürstliche Brauerei in Tichau, produced three kinds of beer, mailings, yeast and tableware, only the high quality beer was intended for sale, and the other two were a beer allowance drunk mainly by brewers and their families. In the early nineteenth century the brewery produced only two beverages, beer and Bavarian malt, both top-fermenting, Bavarian malt with a classical composition, saturated color was brown, sweet, calorie and low-hopped. The standard was the dark weak niskoekstraktowe, that was only for immediate consumption, prince Jan Henryk XI rebuilt the brewery 1861, he introduced a steam engine. Production rose to 100.000 hectoliters a year ranking the brewery among the largest beer producers in Europe, many of today’s brewery buildings date back to this time. After the expansion and the introduction of bottom-fermenting, they started to produce beer in March, called Tyskie lager, the first beers were light and were sold under the Książęce brand. The brewery was electrified in 1891 and was linked to the network in 1894. In 1920 the first garage was built to house the delivery lorries, in the interwar period, popular brands from Tyskie were the Książęce Tyskie Pilsen, the Książęce Tyskie Export, the Książęce Tyskie full beer, and Tyskie Porter. The Second World War left the brewery almost ruined, it slowly recovered, at the start of the 1990s the Tyskie brewery was rapidly modernising and output rose. A new bottling and dispatching plant that went into operation in June 1998, one of the most particularly splendid buildings is the brew house and its original technical equipment, that was originally built between 1916 and 1922
15.
Shandy
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Shandy is beer mixed with a soft drink, such as carbonated lemonade, ginger beer, ginger ale, apple juice, or orange juice. The proportions of the two ingredients are adjusted to taste, usually half-and-half, non-alcoholic shandies are known as rock shandies. Shandies are more popular in western Europe than other parts of the world, in some jurisdictions, the low alcohol content of shandies makes them exempt from laws governing the sale of alcoholic beverages. Sometimes, non-alcoholic beer is used, so the drink has no significant alcohol content, a common ingredient of these drinks is German-style carbonated lemonade. Since a 1993 change in German tax law, Biermischgetränke are also sold premixed in bottles, in Berlin and eastern Germany, the Potsdamer, a 50%/50% mixture of light-coloured beer and flavoured soda, is a popular drink. The soda used in a Potsdamer is flavoured with a shot of raspberry syrup, the Whizz Peach, made by the private Wilhelm Rummel Brewery in Darmstadt, is made with 50% Kristallweizen and 50% peach-flavored lemonade. The Berliner Weisse mit Schuss is made from a light Weißbier mixed with a Schuss of sweet syrup instead of soda. It comes in three varieties, the Grün with Waldmeistersirup, a woodruff-flavoured syrup, the Gelb with a shot of Zitronensirup. In France, a demi-peche combines French beer and a shot of peach syrup, in Spain, a clara is the combination of 50% beer and 50% gaseosa or lemon soda. It is served in a caña glass, Radler has a long history in German-speaking regions. It commonly consists of a 50,50 mixture of beer, the origin of the name is lost to time, but is presumed to relate to the popularity of cycling and the need for a refreshing, less-alcoholic beverage on the journey. The story says that a German innkeeper was waiting for his cyclists regulars, so he blended the remaining beer with a fresh citrus lemonade. The regulars really liked the new drink, so it became popular, in northern Germany, a half-and-half made of Pilsner beer and lemon soda is known as an Alster. Alsterwasser in Hamburg can be served made with cola instead of lemonade and it looks more like the water of the Alster that way. In southern Germany, a mix of Weißbier and lemon soda is called a Russ, the invention of Radler has been widely attributed to the Munich innkeeper Franz Xaver Kugler in 1922. However the combination of beer and lemonade is documented in texts dating from 1912. Nowadays, Radler is drunk not only in Bavaria, but also in all of Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Poland, Netherlands, and Romania. In Austria, it is common to use Almdudler instead of soda for the Radler
16.
Malt liquor
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Malt liquor, in North America, is beer with high alcohol content. Legally, it includes any alcoholic beverage with 5% or more alcohol by volume made with malted barley. In common usage it refers to containing a high alcohol content, generally above 6%. This label is subject to the viewpoint of the brewer, and there are examples of brews containing high-quality, in parts of Canada, the term malt liquor is used to refer to any malt beverages in general. These beers tend to be mildly hopped, that is, they are not very bitter, Malt liquor is typically straw to pale amber in color. While typical beer is primarily from barley, water, and hops, malt liquors tend to make much greater use of inexpensive adjuncts such as corn, rice. Use of these adjuncts, along with the addition of special enzymes, higher alcohol versions, sometimes called high-gravity or just HG, may contain high levels of fusel alcohols, which gives off solvent- or fuel-like aromas and flavors. The confusing and inconsistent use of the malt liquor has to do with the vagaries of American alcoholic beverage regulations. In some states, products labeled beer must fall below a certain alcohol content, while ordinary beers in the United States average around 5% alcohol by volume, malt liquors typically range from 6% up to 9% alcohol by volume. A typical legal definition is Colorados Rev. Stat. ss, alcohol percentages measured by weight translate into larger figures when re-expressed as alcohol percentages by volume, because ethanol is less dense than water. The term malt liquor is documented in England in 1690 as a term encompassing both beer and ale. While Colt 45, St. Ides, Mickeys, Steel Reserve, King Cobra, and Olde English 800 are most closely associated with malt liquors in the United States, the beverage itself is older than these products. Clix is often credited as the first malt liquor made in the United States, the first widely successful malt liquor brand in America was Country Club, which was produced in the early 1950s by the M. K. Goetz Brewing Company in St. Joseph, Missouri. In the American vernacular, a forty-ounce or simply forty is a glass or plastic bottle that holds 40 fluid ounces of malt liquor, American domestic malt liquors tend to be very inexpensive although this is not necessarily true for foreign imports that are also labeled malt liquor. Dogfish Head Brewery has sporadically produced a high-end bottle-conditioned forty called Liquor de Malt, ballantine markets its ale in a forty-ounce bottle as well. Forties are often mentioned in hip-hop and rap culture by rap stars endorsing the 40 Ounce tradition, a similar trend was common around the late 1990s and early 2000s punk scene, with such songs as 40. oz Casualty by The Casualties and Rock the 40. Oz. by Leftöver Crack, and 40oz. to Freedom by Sublime, another example of an imported beer labeled as malt liquor is German brewer Spatens Optimator, a doppelbock that weighs in at 7.6 ABV. There was a short lived fashion for brewing American style malt liquors in Britain in the late 1970s, some of these were genuine American brands brewed under license, notably Colt 45, and some were simply inspired by the style
17.
Lager
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Lager is a type of beer that is conditioned at low temperatures, normally at the brewery. It may be pale, golden, amber, or dark, although one of the most defining features of lager is its maturation in cold storage, it is also distinguished by the use of a specific yeast. On the other hand, German Altbier and Kölsch, brewed with a top-fermenting yeast at a warm temperature, until the 19th century, the German word Lagerbier referred to all types of bottom-fermented, cool-conditioned beer, in normal strengths. In Germany today however, the term is reserved for the prevalent lager beer styles of southern Germany, Helles. Pilsner, a heavily hopped pale lager, is most often known as Pilsner, Pilsener. Other lagers are Bock, Märzen, and Schwarzbier, in the United Kingdom, the term lager commonly refers specifically to pale lagers, many of which are derived from the Pilsner style. Worldwide, pale lager is the most widely consumed and commercially available style of beer and it is often known primarily by its brand name, and labeled simply as beer. Well-known brands include Miller, Stella Artois, Becks, Brahma, Budweiser, Corona, Snow, Tsingtao, Kirin Company, Heineken, Carling, Fosters, and Carlsberg. In 2011, a team of researchers claimed to have discovered that Saccharomyces eubayanus is responsible for creating the hybrid yeast used to make lager. To further protect the cellars from the heat, they would plant chestnut trees. The practice of serving beer at these sites evolved into the beer garden. The first large-scale refrigerated lagering tanks were developed for Gabriel Sedelmayrs Spaten Brewery in Munich by Carl von Linde in 1870, Lager beer uses a process of cool fermentation, followed by maturation in cold storage. The German word Lager means storeroom or warehouse, the yeast generally used with lager brewing is Saccharomyces pastorianus. It is a relative of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast used for warm fermented ales. While prohibited by the German Reinheitsgebot tradition, lagers in some countries often feature large proportions of adjuncts, adjuncts entered United States brewing as a means of thinning out the body of U. S. beers, balancing the large quantities of protein introduced by six-row barley. Adjuncts are often used now in beermaking to introduce a large quantity of sugar, there are however cases in which adjunct usage actually increases the cost of manufacture. The examples of lager beers produced worldwide vary greatly in flavour, colour, composition, pale lager Helles Pilsner — Pilsner Urquell, Stella Artois Märzen Bock Dark lager Dunkel Dopplebock Schwarzbier The most common lager beers in worldwide production are pale lagers. The flavor of these lighter lagers is usually mild, and the producers often recommend that the beers be served refrigerated, pale lager is a very pale to golden-coloured lager with a well attenuated body and noble hop bitterness
18.
Gingers
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Ginger is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or simply ginger, is widely used as a spice or a folk medicine. It is a perennial which grows annual stems about a meter tall bearing narrow green leaves. Ginger is in the family Zingiberaceae, to also belong turmeric, cardamom. Ginger originated in the tropical rainforest in Southern Asia, although ginger no longer grows wild, it is thought to have originated on the Indian subcontinent because the ginger plants grown in India show the largest amount of genetic variation. Ginger was exported to Europe via India in the first century AD as a result of the spice trade and was used extensively by the Romans. The distantly related dicots in the genus Asarum are commonly called wild ginger because of their similar taste. But this may be Sanskrit folk etymology, and the word may be from an ancient Dravidian name that produced the Tamil and Malayalam name for the spice, inchi-ver. The word probably was readopted in Middle English from Old French gingibre, ginger produces clusters of white and pink flower buds that bloom into yellow flowers. Because of its appeal and the adaptation of the plant to warm climates. It is a perennial plant with annual leafy stems, about a meter tall. Traditionally, the rhizome is gathered when the stalk withers, it is scalded, or washed and scraped, to kill it. The fragrant perisperm of the Zingiberaceae is used as sweetmeats by Bantu, ginger produces a hot, fragrant kitchen spice. Young ginger rhizomes are juicy and fleshy with a mild taste. They are often pickled in vinegar or sherry as a snack or cooked as an ingredient in many dishes and they can be steeped in boiling water to make ginger tisane, to which honey is often added, sliced orange or lemon fruit may be added. Ginger can be made into candy, or ginger wine, which has been made commercially since 1740, mature ginger rhizomes are fibrous and nearly dry. Fresh ginger can be substituted for ground ginger at a ratio of six to one, although the flavors of fresh, powdered dry ginger root is typically used as a flavoring for recipes such as gingerbread, cookies, crackers and cakes, ginger ale, and ginger beer. Candied ginger, or crystallized ginger, is the root cooked in sugar until soft, fresh ginger may be peeled before eating. For longer-term storage, the ginger can be placed in a plastic bag, in Indian cuisine, ginger is a key ingredient, especially in thicker gravies, as well as in many other dishes, both vegetarian and meat-based
19.
Grolsch Brewery
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Grolsch Brewery, known simply as Grolsch, is a Dutch brewery founded in 1615 by Willem Neerfeldt in Groenlo. In 1895 the de Groen family bought the brewery and they had started their own brewery in Cuijk the Netherlands in the early 19th century. It held a significant stake until November 2007, the main brewery is located today in Enschede. The Grolsch brand became a part of the SABMiller group in March 2008 It was awarded the Koninklijk title in 1995, as part of the agreements made with regulators before Anheuser-Busch InBev was allowed to acquire SABMiller, the company sold Grolsch to Asahi Breweries on October 13,2016. Grolsch was sold to Asahi Breweries of Japan on December 13,2016, the Grolsch brewery was founded in 1615 in Groenlo. The town of Groenlo was then known as Grolle, hence the name Grolsch, Grolsch is best known for its 5% abv pale lager, Grolsch Premium Pilsner. The brewery was first operated by Willem Neerfeldt, neerfeldts son-in-law, Peter Sanford Kuyper, later took over. Grolsch was, as of February 2006, the second largest brewer in the Netherlands with annual production of 320 million litres, the domestic market comprises fifty-one per cent of total production. On 19 November 2007 the board of Royal Grolsch NV accepted a €816 million offer for the company by SABMiller, the takeover was completed with the delisting of Grolschs shares on 20 March 2008. This made Grolsch a Japanese owned company, Grolsch is the 21st largest provider of beer in the world, and is available in 70 countries. Grolsch focuses primarily on the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia and these primary markets make up 78 per cent of Grolschs international sales. Grolsch Premium Pilsner is by far the most important beer in its profile, while its Amsterdam brand grew by 40 per cent in 2006, primarily in Russia. Grolsch Premium Pilsner is brewed under licence in the UK by Grolsch Ltd. a joint venture with Coors Brewers Ltd, in 2002, the Canadian Sleeman Breweries purchased the rights to distribute Grolsch in Canada. Four beers are featured in the US market, Grolsch Lager, Grolsch Amber, Grolsch Blonde, Grolsch Premium Pilsner is available in a wide variety of serving sizes, including swing-top bottles, mini-kegs and half-barrels. The others have only been confirmed available in 6 pack,12 oz bottles, though built as a secondary facility, the Enschede brewery over the years became the main producer of Grolsch. This brewery was heavily damaged during an explosion on 13 May 2000. The brewery in Groenlo has closed and a new brewery in Boekelo, to underline their ties with Enschede and the whole region Grolsch signed a deal with professional football club FC Twente to sponsor their stadium starting the 2008/2009 season. The stadium is named De Grolsch Veste, a reference to the history of fortified city Grol, InBev, escaped without a penalty because it provided decisive information about the cartel which operated between 1996 and 1999 with others in the EU market
20.
Pilsner Urquell
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Pilsner Urquell, is a Czech lager brewed in Plzeň, Czech Republic by Pilsner Urquell Brewery. Pilsner Urquell is the world’s first-ever pilsner type blond lager, making it the inspiration for much of the beer produced in the world today, many of which are named pils, pilsner and pilsener. It is hopped with Saaz hops, a noble hop variety which is a key element in its profile, as is the use of soft water. It is available in 330 ml,355 ml and 500 ml aluminium cans, Pilsner Urquell is exported in bottles and cans to North America and other regions. As the name suggests, Pilsner Urquell is the original pilsner and it is characterised by its golden colour and clarity and was immensely successful – nine out of ten beers produced and consumed in the world are derived from the original Pilsen beer. Before 1840, the beer in Bohemia was top-fermented and characterized by a dark colour, turbidity. Plzeň burghers had not found this satisfying and the Plzeň city council ordered 36 casks to be dumped and they invested in a new, state-of-the art brewery, the Bürgerbrauerei, and commissioned Josef Groll, a Bavarian brewer, to develop a better beer. On 5 October 1842, Groll had a new mash ready and on 11 November 1842. Bürgerbrauerei registered Pilsner Bier B B brand in 1859, Pilsner Urquell is today brewed in two breweries, in the Pilsen brewery and in Kaluga, Russia. It was brewed between 2002 and 2011 in Tychy in Poland
21.
Pilsner
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Pilsner is a type of pale lager which accounts for more than two-thirds of the beer produced in the world. It takes its name from Plzeň, a city in Bohemia, then in the Austrian Empire, now in the Czech Republic, the world’s first blond lager, the original Pilsner Urquell, is still produced there today. The City of Pilsen began brewing in 1295, but until the mid-1840s, the taste and standards of quality often varied widely, and in 1838, consumers dumped whole barrels to show their dissatisfaction. The officials of Pilsen founded a brewery in 1839, called Měšťanský pivovar Plzeň. Brewers had begun aging beer made with bottom-fermenting yeasts in caves, part of this research benefited from the knowledge already expounded on in a book, written by Czech brewer František Ondřej Poupě from Brno. The Pilsen brewery recruited the Bavarian brewer Josef Groll who, using new techniques and paler malts, Groll returned to Vilshofen, three years later in 1845, and there later inherited his fathers brewery. Emergence of efficient glass manufacturing in Europe, around the same time and this allowed the general population to purchase glass drinking vessels for the first time. These former luxury items showcased the visually pleasing golden clarity of the recently invented Bohemian style, in 1853 the beer was available in 35 pubs in Prague, in 1856 came to Vienna and in 1862 to Paris. Improving transport and communications also meant that this new beer was available throughout Europe. In 1859, “Pilsner Bier” was registered as a name at the Chamber of Commerce. In 1898, the Pilsner Urquell trade mark was created to put emphasis on being the original brewery, until recently the Pilsner Urquell brewery fermented its beer using open barrels in the cellars beneath their brewery. This changed in 1993 with the use of large cylindrical tanks, small samples are still brewed in a traditional way for taste comparisons. A modern pilsner has a light, clear colour from pale to golden yellow. The alcohol strength is typically around 4. 5%-5%, if pilsner is brewed stronger, pilsners compete in categories like European-Style Pilsner at the World Beer Cup or other similar competitions. Pilsen style lagers are marketed internationally by numerous small brewers and larger conglomerates. V
22.
Peroni Brewery
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Peroni Brewery is a brewing company, founded in Vigevano in Lombardy, Italy, in 1846. It has been based in Rome since 1864, the companys main brand in Italy is Peroni, a pale lager sometimes known as Peroni Red in export markets. However, it is probably best known worldwide for its premium lager, Nastro Azzurro, by 2016, Peroni was owned by Miller Brands U. K. of the SABMiller empire. As part of the made with regulators before Anheuser-Busch InBev was allowed to acquire SABMiller. The Peroni company was established under the family name in the town of Vigevano, Italy. The company was moved to Rome by Giovanni Peroni in 1864, throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the company became one of the most prominent brewing companies in the newly unified Italian nation. By the 1990s, both the Peroni brand name and product line were distributed and known worldwide, the London-based brewing giant SABMiller bought the company in 2003, making it one of the few international brands in its portfolio. Beers under the Peroni brand include, Crystall, a 5. 6% abv pale lager, Peroni Gran Riserva, a 6. 6% abv strong lager, Peroncino, a 5% pale lager, Peroni Leggera, a 3. 5% pale lager. The company also produces the Wuhrer brand – a 4. 7% pale lager launched in Brescia in 1829, the main brands are Peroni and Nastro Azzurro. Peroni is the Peroni companys original brand, according to Assobirra, it is the best selling beer in Italy. It is 4. 7% abv and made with malt, maize, hop pellets. By the 1950s and 1960s, Peroni was the most recognized brand of beer throughout the Italian peninsula, Nastro Azzurro is a 5. 1% alcohol by volume pale lager. Launched in 1963, it is the Peroni Brewerys premium lager brand, the name means Blue Ribbon in Italian, in honor of the Blue Riband won by Italian ocean liner SS Rex in 1933. Nastro Azzurro has also sponsored teams in Grand Prix motorcycle racing, in 1997 they sponsored a 125cc Aprilia team with rider Valentino Rossi, who won the championship in that season. In 2000 and 2001 they sponsored a 500cc Honda team, again with Rossi as the rider. com Emporio Peroni Press Release,2005
23.
Miller Brewing Company
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The company has brewing facilities in Albany, Georgia, Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, Fort Worth, Texas, Irwindale, California, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Trenton, Ohio. The joint venture ended after the SABMiller operation was acquired by Anheuser-Busch InBev on October 10,2016, the new company is called Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV. For the consumer, and for employees, the change to 100 percent ownership by Molson Coors will not be apparent in the U. S. according to Jon Stern, the good news is that none of this impacts Milwaukee or Wisconsin. Miller Lite, Coors light, Miller High Life and Leinenkugels --, Miller Brewing Company was founded in 1855 by Frederick Miller after emigrating from Hohenzollern, Germany in 1854 with a unique brewers yeast. Initially, he purchased the small Plank Road Brewery in Milwaukee for $2300, the brewerys location in the Miller Valley in Milwaukee provided easy access to raw materials produced on nearby farms. In 1855, Miller changed its name to Miller Brewing Company, the enterprise remained in the family until 1966. In 1966, the conglomerate W. R. Grace and Company bought Miller from Mrs. Lorraine John Mulberger and her family, in 1969, Philip Morris bought Miller from W. R. Grace for $130 million, outbidding PepsiCo. In 2006, Miller Brewing purchased Sparks and Steel Reserve brands from McKenzie River Corporation for $215 million cash, Miller had been producing both brands prior to this purchase. In 2007, SABMiller and Molson Coors combined their U. S. operations in a joint venture called MillerCoors, SABMiller owned 58% of the unit, which operated in the United States but not in Canada, where Molson Coors is strongest. Molson Coors owned the rest of the joint venture, but the companies had equal voting power. Consequently, on October 11,2016, SABMiller in the U. S. sold its interests in MillerCoors to Molson Coors who had been its partner in the joint venture, in Canada, Molson Coors regained the right to make and market Miller Genuine Draft and Miller Lite. In the U. S. however, the change in ownership of MillerCoors/Miller Brewing Company will not be apparent to consumers or to employees, Miller bought the rights to the Hamms Brewery brands. Icehouse, Icehouse is an ice lager, in 2017, the packaging changed to specify 6. 9% alcohol by volume. Icehouse EDGE, Icehouse EDGE is an ice lager/malt liquor and was introduced in June 2012, Red Dog, Although popular during the mid- to late-1990s, Red Dog faded into near obscurity near the start of the 21st century. However, since 2005 it has been returning to stores, Miller has been a motorsport sponsor since the 1980s. In the CART World Series, the company has sponsored drivers such as Al Unser, Danny Sullivan, Roberto Guerrero, Bobby Rahal and it also sponsored the Miller 200 race at Mid-Ohio. In NASCAR Cup Series, Miller has sponsored Bobby Allison from 1983 to 1988, Dick Trickle in 1989, Rusty Wallace from 1990 to 2005, Kurt Busch from 2006 to 2010, and Brad Keselowski since 2011. Allison won the 1983 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, and Keselowski won the 2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, also, the company has sponsored the Miller High Life 500, Miller 500, Miller High Life 400, Miller 400, Miller 300, Miller 200 and Miller 150 races
24.
Fortune (magazine)
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Fortune is a multinational business magazine, published and owned by Time Inc. and headquartered in New York City. The publication was founded by Henry Luce in 1929, the magazine competes with Forbes and Bloomberg Businessweek in the national business magazine category and distinguishes itself with long, in-depth feature articles. The magazine is best known for the Fortune 500, a ranking of companies by revenue that it has published annually since 1955, in late October 1929, the Wall Street Crash of 1929 occurred, marking the onset of the Great Depression. In a memo to the Time Inc. board in November 1929, Luce wrote and we will recognize that this business slump may last as long as an entire year. The publication made its debut in February 1930. Its editor was Luce, managing editor Parker Lloyd-Smith, and art director Thomas Maitland Cleland, single copies of the first issue costed US$1. In fact, there were 30,000 subscribers who had signed up to receive that initial 184-page issue. By 1937, the number of subscribers had grown to 460,000, Fortune was also noted for its photography, featuring the work of Margaret Bourke-White, Ansel Adams, and others. Walker Evans served as its editor from 1945 to 1965. The magazine became an important leg of Luces media empire, after the launch of Time in 1923 and Fortune in 1930, Luce went on to launch Life in 1936. From its launch in 1930 to 1978, Fortune was published monthly, in January 1978, it began publishing biweekly. In October 2009, citing declining advertising revenue and circulation, Fortune began publishing every three weeks, marshall Loeb was named managing editor in 1986. During the years when Time Warner owned Time Inc, Fortune articles were hosted at CNNMoney. com. In June 2014, after Time Inc. spun off from its corporate parent, in the human resources field, for example, it publishes a list of the Best Companies to Work For. Lists include companies ranked in order of gross revenue and business profile, following the elimination of the editor-in-chief role at Time Inc. in October 2013, the top editors title was changed from managing editor to editor in 2014. In JSTOR Official website Fortune India Fortune China Fortune Turkey List of 100 Best Companies to Work For Fortune Data Store, complete downloadable list of Fortune 500/1000 Companies – 1955–2008
25.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
26.
Brewery
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A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer. The place at which beer is made is either called a brewery or a beerhouse. The commercial brewing of beer has taken place since at least 2500 BC, in ancient Mesopotamia, brewers derived social sanction, the diversity of size in breweries is matched by the diversity of processes, degrees of automation, and kinds of beer produced in breweries. A brewery is typically divided into sections, with each section reserved for one part of the brewing process. Beer may have known in Neolithic Europe and was mainly brewed on a domestic scale. In some form, it can be traced back almost 5000 years to Mesopotamian writings describing daily rations of beer and bread to workers. Before the rise of production breweries, the production of beer took place at home and was the domain of women and this industrialization of brewing shifted the responsibility of making beer to men. The oldest, still functional, brewery in the world is believed to be the German state-owned Weihenstephan brewery in the city of Freising and it can trace its history back to 1040 AD. The nearby Weltenburg Abbey brewery, can trace back its beer-brewing tradition to at least 1050 AD, the Žatec brewery in the Czech Republic claims it can prove that it paid a beer tax in 1004 AD. This layout often is preserved in breweries today, but mechanical pumps allow more flexibility in brewery design, early breweries typically used large copper vats in the brewhouse, and fermentation and packaging took place in lined wooden containers. Such breweries were common until the Industrial Revolution, when better materials became available, today, almost all brewery equipment is made of stainless steel. During the Industrial Revolution, the production of beer moved from artisanal manufacture to industrial manufacture, a handful of major breakthroughs have led to the modern brewery and its ability to produce the same beer consistently. The steam engine, vastly improved in 1775 by James Watt, brought automatic stirring mechanisms and it gave brewers the ability to mix liquids more reliably while heating, particularly the mash, to prevent scorching, and a quick way to transfer liquid from one container to another. Almost all breweries now use electric-powered stirring mechanisms and pumps, the steam engine also allowed the brewer to make greater quantities of beer, as human power was no longer a limiting factor in moving and stirring. Carl von Linde, along with others, is credited with developing the machine in 1871. Refrigeration allowed beer to be produced year-round, and always at the same temperature, yeast is very sensitive to temperature, and, if a beer were produced during summer, the yeast would impart unpleasant flavours onto the beer. Most brewers would produce enough beer during winter to last through the summer, the discovery of microbes by Louis Pasteur was instrumental in the control of fermentation. The idea that yeast was a microorganism that worked on wort to produce led to the isolation of a single yeast cell by Emil Christian Hansen
27.
South African Breweries
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South African Breweries is a major brewing and bottling company headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa and was a wholly owned subsidiary of SABMiller. However, the latter and all of its interests were sold to Anheuser-Busch InBev on 10 October 2016, since SABMiller no longer exists as an entity, South African Breweries is a direct subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV. The company that is now South African Breweries was founded in 1895 as Castle Brewery to serve a market of miners and prospectors in. Two years later, it became the first industrial company to list on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, in 1950, SAB relocated its headquarters and control from London to South Africa. From the early 1990s onwards, the company increasingly expanded internationally, in 1999, it formed a new UK-based holding company, SAB plc, and moved its primary listing to London. In May 2002, SAB plc acquired Miller Brewing, forming SABMiller plc, on October 10,2016, Anheuser-Busch InBev acquired SABMiller for £69 billion. The arrangement had been approved by shareholders of companies on 28 September 2016, and the deal closed on 10 October 2016. The acquisition ended the use of the name SABMiller. SABMiller ceased trading on stock markets. The acquisition of SABMiller by Anheuser-Busch InBev on October 10,2016 ended the use of the name SABMiller except as a business division of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV. The new entity began trading on the Brussels Stock Exchange as ABI. BR, SABMiller ceased trading on global stock markets and divested itself of its interests in the MillerCoors beer company to Molson Coors. On 21 December 2016, the agreed to sell the former SABMiller Ltd. business in Eastern Europe to Asahi Breweries Group Holdings. Anheuser-Busch InBev had previously agreed to sell Grolsch Brewery, Peroni Brewery and Meantime Brewery to Asahi, on the same day, the sale of SABMillers 49 percent share in Snow beer to China Resources Enterprise also closed. In December 2016, the Coca-Cola Company bought the Coca Cola operations in Africa, the deal requires regulatory approval and should close by the end of 2017. Plans had not yet been revealed for the operation in Zug, however, the subsequent sale of much of the business in such countries to Asahi Breweries may affect the Zug operation. The office in Woking was expected to open for a transitional period. The South African Breweries office in Johannesburg will remain open and will also be used by Anheuser Busch InBev SA/NV as its Africa hub, Leyva would become zone president for Middle Americas at Anheuser Busch Inbev SA/NV. SABMiller executive committee members - general counsel John Davidson, human resources head Johann Nel, South African Breweries remains an entity, as a subsidiary of SAB InBev
28.
Pilsner Urquell Brewery
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This article is for the brewery, for the beer it produces, see Pilsner Urquell Plzeňský prazdroj a. s. is a Czech brewery founded in 1842 and headquartered in Plzeň, Czech Republic. Both Plzeňský Prazdroj and Pilsner Urquell can be translated into English as the Fountainhead at Pilsen or the original source of Pilsner. The brewery has been part of the SABMiller group of companies since 1999, the brewery was founded in 1839 by both local Czech-speaking and German-speaking citizens in Bohemian city of Plzeň as Bürgerbrauerei. The first beer was brewed here in 1842 by Bavarian brewer Josef Groll, in 1859, “Pilsner Bier” was registered as a brand name at the local Chamber of Commerce and Trade. In 1869, a competitor was founded as a joint stock company, in 1898 the German trademark Urquell and Czech trademark Prazdroj were created, to underline the claim of being the older, original source of Pilsner beer. In 1932 Měšťanský pivovar merged with Plzeňské aciové pivovary, in 1946, the brewery was nationalized under the name Plzeňské pivovary. After the fall of communism in late 1989, the brewery was turned into a share company, then renamed in 1994 after the Czech name of their famous beer. In 1999, they started to merge with Pivovar Radegast a. s. the brewery has been part of the SABMiller group of companies since 1999. It has been the largest exporter of beer produced in the Czech Republic since 2000 when production surpassed that of Budějovický Budvar, in 2016, the company was sold to Asahi Group Holdings of Japan. 1295 City of Pilsen established, beginnings of brewing,1307 First recorded mention of the existence of an actual brewery with malt house. 1839 Burghers in Pilsen decide to found the Burgess Brewery 15 September 1839 – autumn 1840 Construction of the Burgess Brewery,5 October 1842 First brew of Bavarian type beer, bottom-fermented beer, so-called pale lager. 1 March 1859 Pilsner Bier brand name registered at the Chamber of Commerce, 2nd half of 19th century Brewery expands in Europe, first exports from Pilsen to America. 1869 Competitor founded as First Stock Brewery, today known as Gambrinus,1898 New Urquell - Prazdroj trade mark created. 1910 Světovar - Český Plzeňský pivovar akciové společnosti v Plzni,1913 Output over 100 million litres of beer, commercial representation in 34 countries. 1925 -1933 Merger of several Pilsen breweries,1933 Two breweries remain in Pilsen, Měšťanský pivovar and Plzeňské akciové pivovary, with the majority of PAP shares being owned by Měšťanský pivovar. 1 June 1945 National administration for companies owned by Měšťanský pivovar in Pilsen, National administration took over management of the Měšťanský pivovar and PAP.13 September 1946 Nationalization of both breweries and creation of a single national company, Plzeňské pivovary. 1 Jun 1964 Formation of the company Západočeské pivovary with registered office in Pilsen, creation of the national company Plzeňský Prazdroj with regard to ownership of trademarks and contact with customers abroad. November 1989 Fundamental changes initiated for the entire organisation
29.
Ursus Breweries
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Ursus Breweries, a subsidiary of SABMiller plc, is one of the top brewers in Romania. The company is based in Bucharest and owns 4 breweries in Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Buzău and Brașov, Ursus Breweries’ brands are, Ursus, Timișoreana, Ciucaș, Azuga, Stejar, Redds, Peroni Nastro Azzurro, Pilsner Urquell and Miller. Ursus is one of the beers in Romania. The beer is advertised under the slogan Regele berii în România, the company had been owned by SABMiller since 1996. The first legal predecessor of the company was founded in 1878 in Mănăștur, the company and the beer gained its name in 1927 when it demerged from Frigyes Czell si Fiii Grupa Dr. Wilhelm Czell SA, a large brewery group at the time. The brewery was nationalised in 1948, but privatised again during the 1990s, in 1996 South African Breweries purchased Vulturul Buzău and, in 1997, Pitber Pitești and URSUS S. A. Cluj-Napoca. In 1998 Vulturul and Pitber became URSUS S. A, in 2001 URSUS S. A. purchased Bere Timișoreana S. A. In 2005 the company changed its name to Ursus Breweries S. A, in 2009 Ursus Breweries S. A. purchased Bere Azuga S. A. After slowly removing the Cluj name from the Ursus beer label, Ursus Breweries announced on November 18,2010 that it close the Ursus brewery in Cluj-Napoca due to high costs. The Cluj-Napoca brewery is the place where Ursus has been bottled for more than 100 years, in 2016, Ursus Breweries was sold to Asahi Breweries of Japan. In 2003, Ursus sponsored a Romanian Everest Expedition, Ursus was the main sponsor of the Romanian top football league between December 19,1998 and the end of the 2003/2004 season. Starting with the 2006/2007 season, Ursus Breweries became the sponsor of Cupa României. In 2009 SABMiller, owners of Ursus, started replacing the name of the city Cluj with Premium on their beer labels, Cluj will still be mentioned on the back of the premium bottle. The Timișoreana brewery was built in 1718 in Timișoara, in 2001 Ursus Breweries bought it. The main brand is Timișoreana, a 5% abv pale lager, in 2005 the company sponsored the city of Timișoara with 60,000 dollars for the renovation of three historic buildings in the Timișoara Square of Trajan. In September 2006 Timisoreana became a sponsor of Cupa României, Ursus brand site Ursus corporate site Timișoreana site
30.
Dreher Breweries
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Dreher Brewery in Budapest is owned by SABMiller. Its main products are the Dreher Classic, Arany Ászok and Kőbányai Világos pilsener-style lagers, Kanizsa Brewery also belonged to the group. Until its closure, it produced beer under the Kanizsai Világos, Kanizsai Kinizsi, Balatoni Világos, Dreher Brewery was owned by the South African Breweries since 1993, and subsequently by SABMiller since 2002. Dreher Breweries Ltd. is one of the three leading players in the Hungarian beer market, the brewery still operates in Kőbánya, where the beers are brewing with the latest technology methods in the buildings, which were restored to their original splendour. 1854 – Peter Schmidt founder of “Kőbányai Serfőző Társaság” produced the first “Kőbányai Ser”1862 – Anton Dreher,1870 – Anton Dreher Jr. takes over the leadership of the company. He developed the technology and capacity of his factories, and Kőbánya soon became the largest brewery of Hungary. 1905 – Among his three sons, Anton Dreher Jr. entrusted Jenő with the management of the Kőbánya brewery, which became a corporation in 1907 under the name Dreher Antal Kőbányai Serfőzdéje”. The company was the market leader till World War I.1923 – Jenő Dreher continued to buy shares from the capitals of his competitors, from Haggenmacher Kőbányai. Barber and Klusemann Brewery and the Első Magyar Részvény Serfőzde”, the „Dreher Kombinát”, which was merged from these companies in 1923, bought up the Királyi Serfőzde” of Kanizsa in 1928 also. 1933 – Dreher-Haggenmacher Első Magyar Részvény Serfőzde” was launched, which ruled 70% of the market with its excellent beers,1948 – The property of the family kept in Hungary was taken into state ownership. 1949 – Establishment of Kőbányai Sörgyárak Nemzeti Vállalat”,1981 – Birth of the independent “Kőbányai Sörgyár”. 1992 – “Kőbányai Sörgyár” was converted into a shareholding company,1993 – The brewery became a member of the South African Breweries. 1997 – The company takes up the name “Dreher Sörgyárak Ltd”,2015 – Sold to Asahi Breweries of Japan. Dreher Classic Dreher Bak Dreher Alkoholmentes Arany Ászok Arany Ászok Alkoholmentes Kőbányai Sör Pilsner Urquell Miller Genuine Draft Kozel Hofbräu
31.
Radegast (beer)
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Radegast is a Czech beer brewed in Nošovice, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic since 1970. The beer is named after the god Radegast, stemming from the name for the beer is the slogan, Život je hořký, Bohudík, a Czech phrase which translates into English as Life is bitter, Thank God. The brewery is owned by Pilsner Urquell, which is, in turn, Radegast Premium – beer with 5% alc. vol. Radegast Original – beer with 4% alc. vol, Birell – non-alcoholic beer Birell Polotmavý – Semi-dark non-alcoholic beer Radegast company pages Radegast Birell official pages
32.
MillerCoors
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MillerCoors is a beer brewing company is the United States. In 2002 South African Breweries purchased Miller Brewing Company to create SABMiller, in 2005, Molson Brewery of Canada and Coors Brewing Company merged to form the Molson Coors Brewing Company. Then, in 2008, SABMiller and Molson Coors created MillerCoors as a joint venture for their operations in the U. S, the company is the second-largest brewer in the U. S. after Anheuser-Busch. These component companies had different backgrounds. The original Molson Brewery was started by John Molson in Montreal, in effect, MillerCoors became the U. S. business unit of Molson Coors. In Canada, Molson Coors regained the right to make and market Miller Genuine Draft, Molson Coors plans to keep the MillerCoors name and the Chicago headquarters and plans to operate it in much the same way as before October 11,2017. For the consumer, and for employees, the change to 100 percent ownership by Molson Coors will not be apparent, according to Jon Stern, the good news is that none of this impacts Milwaukee or Wisconsin. Miller Lite, Coors light, Miller High Life and Leinenkugels --, MillerCoors is the US businesses of Molson Coors and employs around 9,000 people. The U. S. company brews, markets and sells the MillerCoors portfolio of brands in the U. S. the venture was completed on June 30,2008 and MillerCoors began operation on July 1,2008. On September 14,2015, Miller Coors announced that it would shut down its Eden, the company has newer plants in Virginia and Georgia that will serve the Eden plants distribution area. In May 2016, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported that Pabst Brewing Company, by selling its stake in MillerCoors to Molson Coors. After the merger on October 10,2016 was concluded, SABMiller sold to Molson Coors full ownership of the Miller brand portfolio outside of the U. S. the agreement made Molson Coors the worlds third largest brewer. The company is now also the largest brewer in the U. S, the Molson Coors press release provides a summary of the net effect in terms of the Miller portfolio. In the U. S. the change is one of ownership. However, the company was planning to increase investment in several of its brands, including new national marketing and advertising campaigns, to increase sales
33.
Jacob Leinenkugel Brewing Company
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The Jacob Leinenkugel Brewing Company, a subsidiary of SABMiller, is a regional American beer maker based in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, United States. Leinenkugel is mainly distributed in the Upper Midwest, but is available in limited quantities throughout all 50 states, the company is Chippewa Falls oldest running business. The brewery was founded in Chippewa Falls in May 1867 by Prussian immigrant Jacob Mathias Leinenkugel, Miller sold his stake in the company in 1884. During Prohibition, the company produced near beer as well as soda water, the company expanded from its local roots in the 1970s, introducing a light beer. Philip Morris owned Miller Brewing Company, now a subsidiary of SABMiller, the brewery currently has distribution outlets in all 50 states. Leinenkugel, a subsidiary of SABMiller, has two breweries, the original, the company base of operations, is located in Chippewa Falls, and the 10th Street Brewery located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The 10th Street Brewery, opened in 1986 by G. Heileman Brewing Company for the Blatz label, was purchased by Leinenkugel in 1995 and it produces Leinenkugels Big Eddy ale line, a series of seasonal, high alcohol beers. Company website Leinenkugels Summer Shandy Television Ad
34.
Henry Weinhard's
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Henry Weinhards Private Reserve and Blitz-Weinhard are brands of beer first brewed in 1856 in Portland, Oregon. The brewery was owned by the brewer Henry Weinhard of the Weinhard family, Weinhards created a unique and noteworthy advertising campaign in the late 1970s and 1980s to position its brand. The campaign featured a brand of beer called Schludwiller beer. A series of television commercials depicted Schludwiller as a beer brewed by the California-Eastern Brewing Co. in California. In one of the ads, a border patrolman played by actor Dick Curtis asked Earl, Schludwiller came complete with its own motto in Latin, Quod Nesciunt Sibi Damno Non Erit. The Henry Weinhards brand, repositioned as a quality microbrew, was able to regain and sustain its popularity, however, its favored status with beer-drinkers was not enough to save the original Portland brewery from eventual closure. This Blitz-Weinhard brewery in Portland survived as a brewery until 1999, when it was sold by the Stroh Brewery Company to the Miller Brewing Company, who closed it down. Following the closure of the Portland brewery in 1999, Henry Weinhards was brewed at the Olympia brewery in Tumwater, some of its beers were brewed under contract at the Full Sail Brewing Company until 2013. The Henry Weinhards Private Reserve brand survives today and is owned by SABMiller. As well as beer, Henry Weinhards also has a gourmet soda distribution, based in Colfax, here is a listing of their sodas, Root Beer Vanilla cream soda Orange cream Black cherry cream Alworth, Jeff. Goodbye Blitz-Weinhard, Another piece of history is about to be devoured by a faceless corporation
35.
Pabst Brewing Company
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The Pabst Brewing Company is an American company that dates its origins to a brewing company founded in 1844 by Jacob Best and by 1889 named after Frederick Pabst. The company is responsible for the brewing of Ice Man Malt Liquor, St. Ides High Gravity Malt Liquor. Pabst is headquartered in Los Angeles, California, on November 13,2014, Pabst announced that it had completed its sale to Blue Ribbon Intermediate Holdings, LLC. Blue Ribbon is a partnership between Russian-American beer entrepreneur Eugene Kashper and TSG Consumer Partners, a San Francisco–based private equity firm, prior reports suggested the price agreed upon was around $700 million. The original brewery was founded in 1844 as The Empire Brewery, later Best and Company, the brewery was run by Jacob, Sr. and his sons Phillip, Charles, Jacob, Jr. and Lorenz, Phillip took control of the company in 1860. They started the brewery on Chestnut Street Hill in Milwaukee with a capacity of 18 barrels, by 1874 Phillip Best Brewing Co. was the nations largest brewer. In 1866, Bests other daughter Lisette married Emil Schandein, and Best sold the half of the business to her husband, making Frederick Pabst president. Schandein unexpectedly died in Germany and Lisette Schandein took over as vice-president of the company which she remained until 1894, during Prohibition, Pabst stopped making beer and switched to cheese production, selling more than 8 million pounds of Pabst-ett cheese. When Prohibition ended, the company went back to selling beer, Pabst was renowned in Milwaukee for its brewery tours. Visitors to Pabsts tour were rewarded with sometimes bottomless glasses of beer at its end-of-tour Sternewirt Pub, Pabsts sales reached a peak of 15.6 million barrels in 1978 and then went into steep decline. Paul Kalmanovitz, a beer and real-estate baron, purchased the Pabst Brewing company in 1985 for $63 million in a hostile takeover through the auspices of his holding company S&P Co. S&Ps first brewery was Maier Brewing Company, purchased in 1958, when Kalmanovitz died in 1987 S&P Co. became legally inseparable from the Kalmanovitz Charitable Trust. S&P Company was ordered by the IRS to sell the Pabst Brewing Company by 2005 or lose its not-for-profit, after a while, PBC claimed that they were unable to find a buyer at market value and requested an extension until 2010 that the IRS granted. In turn, the historic Pabst brewery in Milwaukee was closed, ending a 152-year association with the city, in 1999, Pabst purchased the Stroh label, and the brewery in La Crosse was sold to City Brewing Company. In 2001, production was contracted to Miller Brewing Company, in 2006, CEO Brian Kovalchuk resigned and the board replaced him with Kevin Kotecki. Kotecki swiftly moved the Pabst Brewing Company and its roughly 100 headquarters personnel to Woodridge, Illinois, the offices in Woodridge were located on historic US Route 66. Between 2005 and 2010, PBR brand volume increased 69 percent gross margins increased 48 percent, operating profit rose 81 percent, on May 26,2010, investor C. Dean Metropoulos reached a deal to purchase Pabst for about $250 million, on May 14,2011, it was announced that Pabst would be relocating to Los Angeles, California
36.
Bluetongue Brewery
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Bluetongue Brewery was an Australian beer company owned by SABMiller. The brewery had a capacity of 100 million litres per annum, on 23 January 2014, it was announced that Bluetongue would be phased out and discontinued as a brand. Bluetongue Brewery was founded in 2003 by four Hunter Valley businessmen, Philip Hele, Bruce Tyrrell, Ian Burford and Paul Hannan in Cameron Park, in 2005 they sold a 50% share in the brewery to interests associated with John Singleton. In December 2007 the consortium sold the brewery to Pacific Beverages, in November 2010 the company opened a $120M brewery in the Central Coast suburb of Warnervale to produce and package the Bluetongue premium beer brands. The brewery, the second largest in New South Wales had the capacity of 50 million litres per annum. In 2012, Coca-Cola Amatil sold their 50% share in Pacific Beverages to SABMiller, on 23 January 2014, SABMiller announced that the Bluetongue brand would be discontinued. Bluetongue Premium Lager Bluetongue Pale Ale Bluetongue Premium Light Bluetongue Original Pilsener Bluetongue Black Ale (4, Australian pub Beer in Australia List of breweries in Australia Bluetongue Brewery Website
37.
Backus and Johnston Brewery
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Backus and Johnston is the largest brewery in Peru, part of Bavaria Brewery, which itself is part of the international SABMiller group. Its main brewery is located in the Ate District of Lima, besides beer, Backus also produces soft drinks and bottled water. The Backus and Johnston brewery was founded in 1879 by the Americans Jacob Backus, the founders continued as managing directors of the company until 1898 when Johnston left Peru, Backus died in 1899. The company operated as a British corporation until 1954, when the company management transferred the company assets, at this time, The Backus and Johnstons Brewery Company Ltd was renamed as Cervecería Backus & Johnston S. A. In 1994 Backus and Johnston acquired a controlling interest in its rival on the Peruvian beer market, in 1996 four breweries, including Backus and Johnston merged into one new company using the name Union of Peruvian breweries Backus and Johnston. In 2000 the company expanded when the Brewery Company of Southern Peru joined the union. Since 2005 Backus and Johnston is part of the SABMiller group of breweries, the company still owns the prominently visible brewery in the Rímac district. Backus owns breweries in various parts of Peru and its main brewery is located in Lima, while the other breweries are still located in the parts of Peru they used to serve before the take-over by Backus and Johnston. San Juan is brewed in the Backus brewery located in Pucallpa, before the take-over by Backus, San Juan was brewed by Cervecería San Juan S. A. A. This brewery was founded on 2 September 1971 in Pucallpa in the Ucayali Region, arequipeña was a rival product to Cusqueña and Cristal until the take-over by Grupo Empresarial Bavaria. Arequipeña is brewed in the Cervecera del sur del Peru brewery located in Sacha near Arequipa, Barena, Cristal Cusqueña is a light lager, or a dark malted beer. Some label designs were created by Barry Laughlin, Pilsen Callao is a 5% abv pale lager, the brand was originally owned by the National Beer Company, which was acquired by Backus and Johnston in 1994. Pilsen Trujillo Barena Malta Polar Backus and Johnston also has a license to import Birra Peroni Nastro Azzurro in Peru, the soft drinks owned by Backus include Viva, a beverage similar to Inca Kola and Guaraná, a beverage containing guaraná fruit. Guaraná Viva Saboré Bottled water is produced under the brand names Cristalina Backus, San Mateo San Mateo is a Peruvian brand of bottled water owned by Backus and Johnston and sold in Peru. San Mateo is sold in PET bottles of 600 ml. Cristalina Backus List of beverage companies of Peru Backus web site San Juan web site
38.
SABMiller brands
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The company was acquired by Anheuser-Busch InBev in October 2016 and sold off its interest in MillerCoors to Molson Coors as required by regulators in the U. S. The new company, Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, is trading on the Brussels Stock Exchange as ABI. BR, Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV also owns a soft drinks business that has bottling contracts with PepsiCo through its subsidiary, Ambev. In December 2016, Coca Cola Co. bought many of the former SABMillers Coca Cola operations, the Canarias Brewery was formed in 1994 from the merger of two Canary Island breweries, CCC and SICAL, both of whom had been established at the start of the 20th century. The brewery produces the beers Dorada and Tropical, and brews under licence various global beers such as Carlsberg, Pilsner Urquell, Castle Brewery was founded in Johannesburg in 1894. It later merged with other breweries to form South African Breweries which subsequently became SABMiller, Castle Brewery is still a division of SAB but is now owned by Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV. Eagle Lager Castle Lager Golden Pilsner Bolingers Lager Zambezi Lager Lion Lager Chibuku Opaque Beer Chibuku Super This company in Budapest was owned by SABMiller, after acquiring SABMiller, Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV agreed on 21 December 2016 to sell Dreher to of Japan. The company also owns the Dojlidy Brewery in Białystok, the three breweries have a total capacity of 15.1 million hectolitres. SAB purchased a majority share in the Lech and Tyskie breweries in 1995, Kompania Piwowarska currently controls 45% of the Polish beer market. After acquiring SABMiller, Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV agreed on 21 December 2016 to sell Kompania Piwowarska to Asahi Breweries of Japan, pilsener Golden Light Regia Suprema 2M Lauretina Clara Lauretina Preta Manica Impala Cervejas Raiz Redds Dry Redds Vodka & Lemon The original brewery is in Jinja, Uganda. The beer is named after the god Radegast, the brewery has been owned by Pilsner Urquell since 1999, which in turn was owned by SABMiller. On 21 December 2016, Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV agreed to sell Pilsner Urquell to Asahi Breweries Group Holdings, after acquiring SABMiller, Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV agreed on 21 December 2016 to sell Ursus to of Japan. Southern Sudan Beverages Limited runs White Bull, a lager, Swaziland Beverages Ltd brews Sibebe Lager. All of those brands are now made by Miller Brewing Company, SABMiller was one of the world’s largest Coca-Cola bottlers and had carbonated soft drinks bottling operations in 14 markets. In December 2016, Coca Cola Co. bought many of the Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV companys Coca Cola operations, the affected regions include Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Swaziland, Lesotho, El Salvador and Honduras. The deal requires regulatory approval and should close by the end of 2017
39.
Takeover
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In business, a takeover is the purchase of one company by another. In the UK, the term refers to the acquisition of a company whose shares are listed on a stock exchange. A friendly takeover is an acquisition which is approved by the management, before a bidder makes an offer for another company, it usually first informs the companys board of directors. In an ideal world, if the board feels that accepting the offer serves the better than rejecting it, it recommends the offer be accepted by the shareholders. In a private company, because the shareholders and the board are usually the people or closely connected with one another. If the shareholders agree to sell the company, then the board is usually of the mind or sufficiently under the orders of the equity shareholders to cooperate with the bidder. This point is not relevant to the UK concept of takeovers, a hostile takeover allows a bidder to take over a target company whose management is unwilling to agree to a merger or takeover. Development of the tender is attributed to Louis Wolfson. A hostile takeover can be conducted in several ways, a tender offer can be made where the acquiring company makes a public offer at a fixed price above the current market price. Tender offers in the United States are regulated by the Williams Act, another method involves quietly purchasing enough stock on the open market, known as a creeping tender offer, to effect a change in management. In all of these ways, management resists the acquisition, the main consequence of a bid being considered hostile is practical rather than legal. A well-known example of an hostile takeover was Oracles hostile bid to acquire PeopleSoft. A reverse takeover is a type of takeover where a company acquires a public company. With a new management team, the stock is a much more attractive investment, which would likely result in a price rise and a profit for the corporate raider. A backflip takeover is any sort of takeover in which the company turns itself into a subsidiary of the purchased company. This type of takeover can occur when a larger but less well-known company purchases a struggling company with a very well-known brand, examples include, The Texas Air Corporation takeover of Continental Airlines but taking the Continental name as it was better known. NationsBanks takeover of the Bank of America, but adopting Bank of Americas name, interceptor Entertainments acquisition of 3D Realms, but kept the name 3D Realms. Often a company acquiring another pays an amount for it
40.
Coca-Cola Amatil
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Coca-Cola Amatil is one of the largest bottlers of non-alcoholic ready-to-drink beverages in the Asia-Pacific region and one of the worlds five major Coca-Cola bottlers. CCA operates in six countries – Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, as at December 2014, Coca-Cola Amatil employed 14,700 people in six countries across the Asia-Pacific region. The company is the bottler of Coca-Cola products in Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, the companys Australian origins date back to 1904 as the tobacco company British Tobacco. Its first foray into soft drinks came in 1964 with the purchase of Coca-Cola Bottlers, soft drinks and snack foods gradually became the primary focus of the company, and was renamed Allied Manufacturing and Trade Industries Limited in 1973 and Amatil Limited in 1977. It began to expand bottling operations overseas in Europe, purchasing a Coca-Cola bottling plant in Australia in 1982 and expanding into Fiji, a majority stake was purchased by The Coca-Cola Company in 1989, although today its ownership is 29%. In 1989, the company sold its WD & HO Wills tobacco division to British American Tobacco, the snack food operations were sold in 1992, and European operations were spun off into a new company, Coca-Cola Beverages, in 1998. Expansion into Asia continued, though Filipino bottling was eventually sold to San Miguel Brewery, Coca-Cola Amatils Group Managing Director is Alison Watkins, and the board chairman is David Gonski. CCA has facilities all over Australia, with key sites at Northmead, North Sydney, Richlands, Moorabbin, Thebarton and Hazelmere. CCA announced on 22 February 2017 that it would be closing the Thebarton site on Port Road early in 2019 as there was no space to expand it, from 2006 to 2011, CCA had a joint venture with SABMiller to distribute its drinks in Australia. In 2011, SABMiller acquired Fosters Group and full ownership of Pacific Beverages, in exchange, Fosters sold its Fiji, much controversy has surrounded Coca-Colas fierce opposition to Cash for Containers. Allegations of Coca-Cola wielding their power and wealth to unfair advantage over public policy have been prominent, similar tactics used by the beverage industry in Western Australia have been blamed for the Governments rejection of a Cash for Containers scheme, despite the states 20% container-recycling rate. This Act creates a requirement that goods produced in or imported into the first State. South Australia is exempt from legal action as its Container Deposit scheme precedes the Act, the federal court ruled in favour of the Beverage Companies. The ruling sparked public outrage and led to Coca Colas Facebook page being bombarded, Coca-Cola argues that the Cash for Containers scheme is ineffective and costly suggesting a National Bin Network as an alternative solution
41.
Molson Coors Brewing Company
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The Molson Coors Brewing Company is a multinational brewing company, formed in 2005 by the merger of Molson of Canada, and Coors of the United States. It is the seventh largest brewer by volume. While the company is incorporated in the United States, it is traded on exchanges in both the United States and Canada, and control is equally shared between the Molson and Coors families. Molson Coors expanded significantly after the merger of Anheuser-Busch InBev and SABMiller in October 2016 and this was achieved because during the plans for the merger, SABMiller had agreed to divest itself of the Miller brands by selling its stake in MillerCoors to Molson Coors. On 9 October 2007, SABMiller and Molson Coors Brewing Company announced a joint venture to be known as MillerCoors for their U. S. operations that will all of their products. MillerCoors is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, on 2 February 2011, the company purchased Sharps Brewery of Cornwall in England for around £20 million. On 26 May 2011, seventh-generation family member Andrew Molson succeeded Pete Coors as acting Chairman of the company, in early 2012 the company expanded into the Central and Eastern Europe markets by acquiring the regions market-leading brewery StarBev from CVC Capital Partners. In September 2014, it was revealed in the media that the firm was in talks to acquire Heineken’s operations in the Czech Republic, the merger between the two companies closed on October 10,2016. The agreement made Molson Coors the worlds third largest brewer, in Canada, Molson Coors regained the right to make and market Miller Genuine Draft and Miller Lite. After SABMiller divested itself of all interests in MillerCoors, then Molson Coors became the largest brewer in the U. S. Molson Coors has a number of divisions and subdivisions, since October 11,2016, MillerCoors has been the US business division of Molson Coors. Molson Coors then provided the results to the Colorado Department of Health which culminated in a $1.05 million fine for the 189 violations of state pollution laws. Although Molson Coors said they did not know about volatile organic compounds they were emitting, molsons Canada Coors Brewing Company Coors Brewers Limited Molson Coors Corporate Website Official Coors Light Website
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Full Sail Brewing Company
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Full Sail Brewing Company is a craft brewery in Hood River, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1987, Full Sail was the first commercially successful craft brewery to bottle beer in the Pacific Northwest for retail sale, and one of Oregons early microbreweries. The first beer packaged was Full Sail Golden Ale, followed in 1988 by Full Sail Imperial Porter, Full Sail Amber Ale, the first years total production of 287 barrels was brewed by four employees, followed by 2,200 barrels the next year. In 2007, Full Sail brewed more than 120,000 barrels, based upon beer sales volume, Full Sail is the ninth largest craft brewery in the United States, the second largest craft brewer in Oregon, and the seventeenth largest brewery in the United States. Full Sail became employee-owned in July 1999 through an employee stock ownership plan with the 47 employees, in March 2015, the employees voted to sell to Oregon Craft Brewers Co. a local investment group formed by San Francisco-based private equity firm Encore Consumer Capital. In May 2005, Full Sail introduced Session Premium Lager, a tribute to pre-Prohibition beers, in 2007, Full Sail introduced a line of limited edition lager beers, called LTD#1 and LTD#2. LTD#3, a pilsner, debuted in May 2009, in July 2009 Full Sail added a new beer to their session line releasing Session Black Lager, also in the stubby 11 oz bottle. The brewery is known for its quality microbrewed beers, most notably its trademark Amber Ale, Full Sail is located in the Columbia River Gorge in the city of Hood River, Oregon. The Full Sail brewery, pub, and tasting room are all located at the site in downtown Hood River. Brewery tours are available daily, free of charge, sABMiller had purchased the brands from Strohs in 1999, and for a few years had moved their production to its Tumwater, Washington brewery until it closed in 2003
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