1.
Poland
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Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, the total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres, making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe, Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin, the establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe, Poland regained its independence in 1918 at the end of World War I, reconstituting much of its historical territory as the Second Polish Republic. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, followed thereafter by invasion by the Soviet Union. More than six million Polish citizens died in the war, after the war, Polands borders were shifted westwards under the terms of the Potsdam Conference. With the backing of the Soviet Union, a communist puppet government was formed, and after a referendum in 1946. During the Revolutions of 1989 Polands Communist government was overthrown and Poland adopted a new constitution establishing itself as a democracy, informally called the Third Polish Republic. Since the early 1990s, when the transition to a primarily market-based economy began, Poland has achieved a high ranking on the Human Development Index. Poland is a country, which was categorised by the World Bank as having a high-income economy. Furthermore, it is visited by approximately 16 million tourists every year, Poland is the eighth largest economy in the European Union and was the 6th fastest growing economy on the continent between 2010 and 2015. According to the Global Peace Index for 2014, Poland is ranked 19th in the list of the safest countries in the world to live in. The origin of the name Poland derives from a West Slavic tribe of Polans that inhabited the Warta River basin of the historic Greater Poland region in the 8th century, the origin of the name Polanie itself derives from the western Slavic word pole. In some foreign languages such as Hungarian, Lithuanian, Persian and Turkish the exonym for Poland is Lechites, historians have postulated that throughout Late Antiquity, many distinct ethnic groups populated the regions of what is now Poland. The most famous archaeological find from the prehistory and protohistory of Poland is the Biskupin fortified settlement, dating from the Lusatian culture of the early Iron Age, the Slavic groups who would form Poland migrated to these areas in the second half of the 5th century AD. With the Baptism of Poland the Polish rulers accepted Christianity and the authority of the Roman Church
2.
Tychy
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Tychy is a city in Silesia, Poland, approximately 20 kilometres south of Katowice. Situated on the edge of the Upper Silesian industrial district. The Gostynia river, a tributary of the Vistula, flows through Tychy, since 1999 Tychy has been located within the Silesian Voivodeship, a province consisting of 71 regional towns and cities. Tychy is well known for its industry and its international developed brand Tyskie. Since 1950 Tychy has grown rapidly, mainly as a result of post-war socialist planning policies enacted to disperse the population of industrial Upper Silesia, although appropriate for most of Tychys history, the name is now somewhat ironic considering the growth of the city from 1950 onwards. Originally established as an agricultural settlement on the medieval trade route between Oświęcim and Mikołów, Tychy was first documented in 1467. In 1629 the first trace of serious economic activity was recorded in the shape of the Książęcy Brewery, from 1526 onwards the area on which Tychy is built was part of the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy. This situation came to an end when Prussia forcibly took the land in 1742 and its population also grew between World War I and World War II, reaching a population of 11,000 at its highest point during this time. Fortunately the city received minimal damage during the invasion, thanks largely to the fact that most of the fighting took place in the Mikołów-Wyry area. The New City was designated by the Polish government in 1950, Tychy is the largest of the so-called new towns in Poland and was built from 1950 to 1985, to allow for urban expansion in the southeast of the Upper Silesian industrial region. By 2006, the population had reached 132,500, the design and planning of New Tychy was entrusted to Kazimierz Wejchert and his wife Hanna Adamczewska-Wejchert. In the administrative reforms which came into effect in 1999, Tychy was made a city with the status of a powiat, between 1999 and 2002, it was also the administrative seat of an entity called Tychy County, which is now known as the Bieruń-Lędziny County. Tychy is twinned with the town of Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, a large Fiat car factory is located in Tychy, that was opened in 1975, and is owned by the Italian manufacturer since 1992. In 2008, the factory had a production of half a million cars. It produces the new Fiat 500, the Ford Ka, and it was the exclusive manufacturing site for the second generation Fiat Panda until 2012, when it ended production. Also in Tychy is located the GM Powertrain Poland factory producing automobile engines for General Motors cars and this plant was opened by Isuzu as Isuzu Motors Polska in 1996,2002 GM took over 60% interest of that company, and in 2013 the remaining 40%. The Tyskie beer is produced in Tychy, by Kompania Piwowarska and it is reportedly one of the best selling brands of beer in Poland, with around 18% share of the Polish market as of 2009. In Tychy operates one of three remaining systems in Poland
3.
Pale lager
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Pale lager is a very pale-to-golden-coloured lager beer with a well attenuated body and a varying degree of noble hop bitterness. This approach was picked up by brewers, most notably Josef Groll of Bavaria who produced Pilsner Urquell in the city of Pilsen in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The resulting Pilsner beers – pale-coloured, lean and stable beers – were very successful, Bavarian brewers in the sixteenth century were required by law to brew beer only during the cooler months of the year. In order to have beer available during the hot months, beers would be stored in caves and stone cellars. In the period 1820–1830, a brewer named Gabriel Sedlmayr II the Younger, whose family was running the Spaten Brewery in Bavaria, when he returned, he used what he had learned to get a more stable and consistent lager beer. The new recipe of the lager beer spread quickly over Europe. Pale lagers tend to be dry, lean, clean-tasting and crisp, flavours may be subtle, with no traditional beer ingredient dominating the others. Hop character ranges from negligible to a dry bitterness from noble hops, the main ingredients are water, Pilsner malt and noble hops, though some brewers use adjuncts such as rice or corn to lighten the body of the beer. There tends to be no butterscotch flavour from diacetyl, due to the slow, cold fermentation process. In 1842 Josef Groll of Pilsen, a city in western Bohemia in what is now the Czech Republic, used some of these methods to produce Pilsner Urquell and this beer proved so successful that other breweries followed the trend, using the name Pilsner. With the success of Pilsens golden beer, the town of Dortmund in Germany started brewing pale lager in 1873, as Dortmund was a major brewing centre, and the town breweries grouped together to export the beer beyond the town, the brand name Dortmunder Export became known. Today, breweries in Denmark, the Netherlands, and North America brew pale lagers labelled as Dortmunder Export, the earliest known brewing of pale lager in America was in the Old City section of Philadelphia by John Wagner in 1840 using yeast from his native Bavaria. Modern American lagers are usually made by large breweries such as Anheuser-Busch, lightness of body is a cardinal virtue, both by design and since it allows the use of a high percentage of rice or corn. Though all lagers are well attenuated, a fully fermented pale lager in Germany goes by the name Diät-Pils or Diätbier. Because the available sugars are fully fermented, dry beers often have an alcohol content. The first dry beer, Gablingers Diet Beer, was released in 1967, Owades developed an enzyme that could further break down starches, so that the finished product contained fewer residual carbohydrates and was lower in food energy. Since the 2012 revisions to the Diätverordnung, it is no longer permitted to label beer as Diät in Germany, but it may be advertised as suitable for diabetics. Prior to this change, a Diätbier could contain no more than 7.5 g of unfermented carbohydrates per liter, and this was followed by other dry beer brands such as Bud Dry, though the marketing concept was not considered a success
4.
Grolsch Brewery
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Grolsch Brewery, known simply as Grolsch, is a Dutch brewery founded in 1615 by Willem Neerfeldt in Groenlo. In 1895 the de Groen family bought the brewery and they had started their own brewery in Cuijk the Netherlands in the early 19th century. It held a significant stake until November 2007, the main brewery is located today in Enschede. The Grolsch brand became a part of the SABMiller group in March 2008 It was awarded the Koninklijk title in 1995, as part of the agreements made with regulators before Anheuser-Busch InBev was allowed to acquire SABMiller, the company sold Grolsch to Asahi Breweries on October 13,2016. Grolsch was sold to Asahi Breweries of Japan on December 13,2016, the Grolsch brewery was founded in 1615 in Groenlo. The town of Groenlo was then known as Grolle, hence the name Grolsch, Grolsch is best known for its 5% abv pale lager, Grolsch Premium Pilsner. The brewery was first operated by Willem Neerfeldt, neerfeldts son-in-law, Peter Sanford Kuyper, later took over. Grolsch was, as of February 2006, the second largest brewer in the Netherlands with annual production of 320 million litres, the domestic market comprises fifty-one per cent of total production. On 19 November 2007 the board of Royal Grolsch NV accepted a €816 million offer for the company by SABMiller, the takeover was completed with the delisting of Grolschs shares on 20 March 2008. This made Grolsch a Japanese owned company, Grolsch is the 21st largest provider of beer in the world, and is available in 70 countries. Grolsch focuses primarily on the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia and these primary markets make up 78 per cent of Grolschs international sales. Grolsch Premium Pilsner is by far the most important beer in its profile, while its Amsterdam brand grew by 40 per cent in 2006, primarily in Russia. Grolsch Premium Pilsner is brewed under licence in the UK by Grolsch Ltd. a joint venture with Coors Brewers Ltd, in 2002, the Canadian Sleeman Breweries purchased the rights to distribute Grolsch in Canada. Four beers are featured in the US market, Grolsch Lager, Grolsch Amber, Grolsch Blonde, Grolsch Premium Pilsner is available in a wide variety of serving sizes, including swing-top bottles, mini-kegs and half-barrels. The others have only been confirmed available in 6 pack,12 oz bottles, though built as a secondary facility, the Enschede brewery over the years became the main producer of Grolsch. This brewery was heavily damaged during an explosion on 13 May 2000. The brewery in Groenlo has closed and a new brewery in Boekelo, to underline their ties with Enschede and the whole region Grolsch signed a deal with professional football club FC Twente to sponsor their stadium starting the 2008/2009 season. The stadium is named De Grolsch Veste, a reference to the history of fortified city Grol, InBev, escaped without a penalty because it provided decisive information about the cartel which operated between 1996 and 1999 with others in the EU market
5.
Asahi Breweries
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Asahi Breweries, Ltd. is a leading brewery and soft drink company based in Tokyo, Japan. As of January 2014, Asahi, with a 38% market share, was the largest of the four major producers in Japan followed by Kirin Beer with 35%. The deal closed on December 21,2016 and included popular beer brands such as Pilsner Urquell, Tyskie, Lech, Dreher, Anheuser-Busch InBev had also agreed to sell Grolsch Brewery, Peroni Brewery and Englands Meantime Brewery to Asahi, these deals closed on October 12,2016. Asahi was founded in Osaka in 1889 as the Osaka Beer Company, during the First World War German prisoners worked in the brewery. In 1990, Asahi acquired a 19. 9% stake in Australian brewery giant Elders IXL which has become the Fosters Group. In 2009, Asahi acquired the Australian beverages unit Schweppes Australia, in early 2009, Asahi acquired 19. 9% of Tsingtao Brewery from Anheuser-Busch InBev for $667 million. The sale made Asahi Breweries, Ltd. the second largest shareholder in Tsingtao behind only the Tsingtao Brewery Group, in July 2011, Asahi acquired New Zealand juice maker Charlies and the water and juice divisions of Australian beverage company P&N Beverages. In August 2011, Asahi acquired New Zealands Independent Liquor, maker of Vodka Cruiser and other alcoholic beverages, in May 2013 its New Zealand operations expanded with the purchase of retail chain Mill Liquorsave. Also, Asahi acquired the Australian brands and assets of Cricketers Arms and Mountain Goat Brewery in 2013 and 2015, in 2016, the company bought a number of breweries in Europe as a result of regulators demands before SABMiller was acquired by Anheuser-Busch InBev. The companys primary beer, from 1957 through the late 1980s, was Asahi Gold, in 1987 Asahi introduced Asahi Super Dry a product that transformed the modern beer industry in Japan. Asahi Super Dry is described as a highly attenuated lager without the heavier malt flavors of competitors products, with a crisp, by early 2017, the Super Dry brand was Japan’s best-selling beer. The Beer Hall is considered one of Tokyos most recognizable modern structures, Beer in Japan Asahi Soft Drinks Official website Company history books. Wiki collection of works on Asahi Breweries
6.
Lager
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Lager is a type of beer that is conditioned at low temperatures, normally at the brewery. It may be pale, golden, amber, or dark, although one of the most defining features of lager is its maturation in cold storage, it is also distinguished by the use of a specific yeast. On the other hand, German Altbier and Kölsch, brewed with a top-fermenting yeast at a warm temperature, until the 19th century, the German word Lagerbier referred to all types of bottom-fermented, cool-conditioned beer, in normal strengths. In Germany today however, the term is reserved for the prevalent lager beer styles of southern Germany, Helles. Pilsner, a heavily hopped pale lager, is most often known as Pilsner, Pilsener. Other lagers are Bock, Märzen, and Schwarzbier, in the United Kingdom, the term lager commonly refers specifically to pale lagers, many of which are derived from the Pilsner style. Worldwide, pale lager is the most widely consumed and commercially available style of beer and it is often known primarily by its brand name, and labeled simply as beer. Well-known brands include Miller, Stella Artois, Becks, Brahma, Budweiser, Corona, Snow, Tsingtao, Kirin Company, Heineken, Carling, Fosters, and Carlsberg. In 2011, a team of researchers claimed to have discovered that Saccharomyces eubayanus is responsible for creating the hybrid yeast used to make lager. To further protect the cellars from the heat, they would plant chestnut trees. The practice of serving beer at these sites evolved into the beer garden. The first large-scale refrigerated lagering tanks were developed for Gabriel Sedelmayrs Spaten Brewery in Munich by Carl von Linde in 1870, Lager beer uses a process of cool fermentation, followed by maturation in cold storage. The German word Lager means storeroom or warehouse, the yeast generally used with lager brewing is Saccharomyces pastorianus. It is a relative of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast used for warm fermented ales. While prohibited by the German Reinheitsgebot tradition, lagers in some countries often feature large proportions of adjuncts, adjuncts entered United States brewing as a means of thinning out the body of U. S. beers, balancing the large quantities of protein introduced by six-row barley. Adjuncts are often used now in beermaking to introduce a large quantity of sugar, there are however cases in which adjunct usage actually increases the cost of manufacture. The examples of lager beers produced worldwide vary greatly in flavour, colour, composition, pale lager Helles Pilsner — Pilsner Urquell, Stella Artois Märzen Bock Dark lager Dunkel Dopplebock Schwarzbier The most common lager beers in worldwide production are pale lagers. The flavor of these lighter lagers is usually mild, and the producers often recommend that the beers be served refrigerated, pale lager is a very pale to golden-coloured lager with a well attenuated body and noble hop bitterness
7.
Kompania Piwowarska
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Kompania Piwowarska is a Polish brewing group based in Poznań, established in 1999. Since 2009 it was 100% owned by SABMiller, kompania Piwowarska currently has three breweries, Lech Browary Wielkopolski in Poznań, Tyskie Browary Książęce in Tychy and Browar Dojlidy in Białystok. Tyskie Browary Książęce, one of the oldest breweries in Europe, was founded in 1629, the three breweries have a total capacity of 15.1 million hectolitres. The company was owned by SABMiller since 2009, kompania Piwowarska currently controls 45% of the Polish beer market. The main Lech brands are Lech Premium a 5. 2% abv pale lager, Lech Pils, Lech controls 8% of the Polish beer market. The Poznań brewary brews Dębowe Mocne, which is 7%, currently produced types are Lech Premium, Lech Pils and Lech Mocne. Tyskie is one of the best selling brands of beer in Poland, Tyskie also has a world distribution. The main brands are Tyskie Gronie, a 5. 6% pale lager, and Tyskie Książęce, the main Dojlidy Brewery brand is the 6% pale lager, Żubr
8.
Pilsner Urquell
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Pilsner Urquell, is a Czech lager brewed in Plzeň, Czech Republic by Pilsner Urquell Brewery. Pilsner Urquell is the world’s first-ever pilsner type blond lager, making it the inspiration for much of the beer produced in the world today, many of which are named pils, pilsner and pilsener. It is hopped with Saaz hops, a noble hop variety which is a key element in its profile, as is the use of soft water. It is available in 330 ml,355 ml and 500 ml aluminium cans, Pilsner Urquell is exported in bottles and cans to North America and other regions. As the name suggests, Pilsner Urquell is the original pilsner and it is characterised by its golden colour and clarity and was immensely successful – nine out of ten beers produced and consumed in the world are derived from the original Pilsen beer. Before 1840, the beer in Bohemia was top-fermented and characterized by a dark colour, turbidity. Plzeň burghers had not found this satisfying and the Plzeň city council ordered 36 casks to be dumped and they invested in a new, state-of-the art brewery, the Bürgerbrauerei, and commissioned Josef Groll, a Bavarian brewer, to develop a better beer. On 5 October 1842, Groll had a new mash ready and on 11 November 1842. Bürgerbrauerei registered Pilsner Bier B B brand in 1859, Pilsner Urquell is today brewed in two breweries, in the Pilsen brewery and in Kaluga, Russia. It was brewed between 2002 and 2011 in Tychy in Poland
9.
Miller Brewing Company
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The company has brewing facilities in Albany, Georgia, Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, Fort Worth, Texas, Irwindale, California, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Trenton, Ohio. The joint venture ended after the SABMiller operation was acquired by Anheuser-Busch InBev on October 10,2016, the new company is called Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV. For the consumer, and for employees, the change to 100 percent ownership by Molson Coors will not be apparent in the U. S. according to Jon Stern, the good news is that none of this impacts Milwaukee or Wisconsin. Miller Lite, Coors light, Miller High Life and Leinenkugels --, Miller Brewing Company was founded in 1855 by Frederick Miller after emigrating from Hohenzollern, Germany in 1854 with a unique brewers yeast. Initially, he purchased the small Plank Road Brewery in Milwaukee for $2300, the brewerys location in the Miller Valley in Milwaukee provided easy access to raw materials produced on nearby farms. In 1855, Miller changed its name to Miller Brewing Company, the enterprise remained in the family until 1966. In 1966, the conglomerate W. R. Grace and Company bought Miller from Mrs. Lorraine John Mulberger and her family, in 1969, Philip Morris bought Miller from W. R. Grace for $130 million, outbidding PepsiCo. In 2006, Miller Brewing purchased Sparks and Steel Reserve brands from McKenzie River Corporation for $215 million cash, Miller had been producing both brands prior to this purchase. In 2007, SABMiller and Molson Coors combined their U. S. operations in a joint venture called MillerCoors, SABMiller owned 58% of the unit, which operated in the United States but not in Canada, where Molson Coors is strongest. Molson Coors owned the rest of the joint venture, but the companies had equal voting power. Consequently, on October 11,2016, SABMiller in the U. S. sold its interests in MillerCoors to Molson Coors who had been its partner in the joint venture, in Canada, Molson Coors regained the right to make and market Miller Genuine Draft and Miller Lite. In the U. S. however, the change in ownership of MillerCoors/Miller Brewing Company will not be apparent to consumers or to employees, Miller bought the rights to the Hamms Brewery brands. Icehouse, Icehouse is an ice lager, in 2017, the packaging changed to specify 6. 9% alcohol by volume. Icehouse EDGE, Icehouse EDGE is an ice lager/malt liquor and was introduced in June 2012, Red Dog, Although popular during the mid- to late-1990s, Red Dog faded into near obscurity near the start of the 21st century. However, since 2005 it has been returning to stores, Miller has been a motorsport sponsor since the 1980s. In the CART World Series, the company has sponsored drivers such as Al Unser, Danny Sullivan, Roberto Guerrero, Bobby Rahal and it also sponsored the Miller 200 race at Mid-Ohio. In NASCAR Cup Series, Miller has sponsored Bobby Allison from 1983 to 1988, Dick Trickle in 1989, Rusty Wallace from 1990 to 2005, Kurt Busch from 2006 to 2010, and Brad Keselowski since 2011. Allison won the 1983 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, and Keselowski won the 2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, also, the company has sponsored the Miller High Life 500, Miller 500, Miller High Life 400, Miller 400, Miller 300, Miller 200 and Miller 150 races
10.
Lech Browary Wielkopolski
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Lech Browary Wielkopolski is a big industrial brewery in Poznań, with a production capacity of 7.5 million hl. The plant is owned by Kompania Piwowarska SA, the modern brewing plant in Poznań was built between 1975-1980. In 1984 a malthouse was added, by 1992, along with other brewers, it was part of Wielkopolskie Zakłady Piwowarsko-Słodownicze SA, but after 1992 it became the companys main production facility - Lech Browary SA. In 1993, the ministry has decided to privatize the ownership of the brewery, as a result of the tender a majority shareholder in the company was Euro Agro Centrum Poznań, owned by entrepreneur Jan Kulczyk. In 1996, the brewery was taken over by South African Breweries, three years later, the two breweries were combined to form Kompania Piwowarska. The establishment of the record was attended by 10,625 people, on July 31,2010, an advertisement containing words Zimny Lech was placed near Wawel. The controversy was that in Polish, zimny Lech means both cold Lech, as well as cold Lech, the president of Poland, whose corpse was buried in Wawel on April 18,2010. On August 2,2010, it was announced that that advertisement was going to be removed from near Wawel, as well as from other cities
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