1.
Kos
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Kos or Cos is a Greek island, part of the Dodecanese island chain in the southeastern Aegean Sea, off the Anatolian coast of Turkey. Kos is the third largest of the Dodecanese by area, after Rhodes and Karpathos, it has a population of 33,388, making it the second most populous of the Dodecanese, after Rhodes. The island measures 40 by 8 kilometres, and is 4 km from the coast of the ancient region of Caria in Turkey, administratively, Kos constitutes a municipality within the Kos regional unit, which is part of the South Aegean region. The principal town of the island and seat of the municipality is Kos town, the name Kos is first attested in the Iliad, and has been in continuous use since. Other ancient names include Meropis, Cea, and Nymphaea, the similar Istanbul, and Stimpoli, Crete. Under the rule of the Knights Hospitaller of Rhodes, it was known as Lango or Langò, in The Travels of Sir John Mandeville, the author misunderstands this, and treats Lango and Kos as distinct islands. In Italian, the island is known as Coo, a person from Kos is called a Koan in English. The word is also an adjective, as in Koan goods, Kos is in the Aegean Sea. Its coastline is 112 kilometres long and it extends from west to east, in addition to the main town and port, also called Kos, the main villages of Kos island are Kardamena, Kefalos, Tingaki, Antimachia, Mastihari, Marmari and Pyli. Smaller ones are Zia, Zipari, Platani, Lagoudi and Asfendiou, tourism is the main industry in Kos, the islands beaches being the primary attraction. The seaside village of Kardamena is a resort for young holidaymakers and has a large number of bars. Farming is the principal occupation, with the main crops being grapes, almonds, figs, olives. Cos lettuce may be here, but the name is unrelated. In Homers Iliad, a contingent of Koans fought for the Greeks in the Trojan War, in classical mythology, the island was visited by Heracles. The island was colonised by the Carians. The Dorians invaded it in the 11th century BC, establishing a Dorian colony with a contingent of settlers from Epidaurus. The other chief sources of the islands lay in its wines and, in later days. Its early history–as part of the religious-political amphictyony that included Lindos, Kamiros, Ialysos, Cnidus and Halicarnassus, at the end of the 6th century, Kos fell under Achaemenid domination but rebelled after the Greek victory at the Battle of Mycale in 479
2.
Greece
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Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, historically also known as Hellas, is a country in southeastern Europe, with a population of approximately 11 million as of 2015. Athens is the capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki. Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast. Greece consists of nine regions, Macedonia, Central Greece, the Peloponnese, Thessaly, Epirus, the Aegean Islands, Thrace, Crete. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km in length, featuring a vast number of islands, eighty percent of Greece is mountainous, with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres. From the eighth century BC, the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states, known as polis, which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea. Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century BC, becoming a part of the Roman Empire and its successor. The Greek Orthodox Church also shaped modern Greek identity and transmitted Greek traditions to the wider Orthodox World, falling under Ottoman dominion in the mid-15th century, the modern nation state of Greece emerged in 1830 following a war of independence. Greeces rich historical legacy is reflected by its 18 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, among the most in Europe, Greece is a democratic and developed country with an advanced high-income economy, a high quality of life, and a very high standard of living. A founding member of the United Nations, Greece was the member to join the European Communities and has been part of the Eurozone since 2001. Greeces unique cultural heritage, large industry, prominent shipping sector. It is the largest economy in the Balkans, where it is an important regional investor, the names for the nation of Greece and the Greek people differ from the names used in other languages, locations and cultures. The earliest evidence of the presence of human ancestors in the southern Balkans, dated to 270,000 BC, is to be found in the Petralona cave, all three stages of the stone age are represented in Greece, for example in the Franchthi Cave. Neolithic settlements in Greece, dating from the 7th millennium BC, are the oldest in Europe by several centuries and these civilizations possessed writing, the Minoans writing in an undeciphered script known as Linear A, and the Mycenaeans in Linear B, an early form of Greek. The Mycenaeans gradually absorbed the Minoans, but collapsed violently around 1200 BC and this ushered in a period known as the Greek Dark Ages, from which written records are absent. The end of the Dark Ages is traditionally dated to 776 BC, the Iliad and the Odyssey, the foundational texts of Western literature, are believed to have been composed by Homer in the 7th or 8th centuries BC. With the end of the Dark Ages, there emerged various kingdoms and city-states across the Greek peninsula, in 508 BC, Cleisthenes instituted the worlds first democratic system of government in Athens
3.
Aegean Airlines
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Aegean Airlines S. A. is the largest Greek airline by total number of passengers carried, by number of destinations served and by fleet size. Its main hubs are Athens International Airport in Athens, Thessaloniki International Airport in Thessaloniki and it also uses other Greek airports as bases, some of which are seasonal. It has its office in Kifisia, a suburb of Athens. Although the airline is the largest airline in Greece, it is not a flag carrier. On 21 October 2012, Aegean Airlines announced that it had struck a deal to acquire Olympic Air, both carriers continue to operate under separate brands. In addition, Aegean Airlines participated in the stages of the tender for the privatization of Cyprus Airways. Aegean Airlines was founded as Aegean Aviation in 1987 and it was originally a VIP/business air operation specialising in executive and air ambulance services. On 17 February 1992, it became the first airline to be issued with a Greek independent air operators licence, after it was acquired by Vasilakis Group in 1994, Aegean Aviation commenced VIP flights from Athens all over the world with wholly owned Learjet aircraft. The Aegean Airlines name was adopted with the start of scheduled services at the end of May 1999. Aegeans first commercial flights were in May 1999 from Athens to Heraklion, Crete, in December 1999 Aegean also acquired Air Greece. After an agreement in March 2001 to merge Aegean and Cronus Airlines, since 2005, the airline has been in partnership with Lufthansa, offering participation in the Miles & More programme, and its flights, in addition to its A3 code also have the Lufthansa LH code. In March 2006, Aegean Airlines also entered into an agreement with TAP Portugal. In December 2008, Aegean Airlines announced its co-operation with Brussels Airlines, in 2009, Aegean Airlines started codeshare agreements with BMI, Brussels Airlines, Lufthansa and TAP Portugal. On 26 May 2009, the Aegean Airlines membership application was approved by the Chief Executive Board of Star Alliance, Aegean officially joined the alliance on 30 June 2010. In February 2010, initial shareholder discussions took place to consider co-operation between Aegean Airlines and Olympic Air fueling rumours of a possible merger, on 22 February 2010, Olympic Air and Aegean Airlines announced that they agreed to a merger. The newly merged airline was to carry the Olympic brand name and logo, the Aegean brand would cease to exist after the transition period. It was expected that the merger would be finalised and the new combined airline would begin operation by October 2010, Aegean joined Star Alliance at the end of June 2010. The intent was for the carrier to be a Star Alliance member
4.
Runway
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According to the International Civil Aviation Organization, a runway is a defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and takeoff of aircraft. Runways may be a surface or a natural surface. Runways are named by a number between 01 and 36, which is generally the magnetic azimuth of the heading in decadegrees. This heading differs from true north by the magnetic declination. A runway numbered 09 points east, runway 18 is south, runway 27 points west, when taking off from or landing on runway 09, a plane would be heading 90°. A runway can normally be used in both directions, and is named for each separately, e. g. runway 33 in one direction is runway 15 when used in the other. The two numbers usually differ by 18, Runway Zero Three Left becomes Runway Two One Right when used in the opposite direction. In some countries, if parallel runways are too close to each other, at large airports with four or more parallel runways some runway identifiers are shifted by 10 degrees to avoid the ambiguity that would result with more than three parallel runways. For example, in Los Angeles, this results in runways 6L, 6R, 7L. At Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, there are five parallel runways, named 17L, 17C, 17R, 18L, for clarity in radio communications, each digit in the runway name is pronounced individually, runway three six, runway one four, etc. A leading zero, for example in runway zero six or runway zero one left, is included for all ICAO, however, most U. S. civil aviation airports drop the leading zero as required by FAA regulation. This also includes some military airfields such as Cairns Army Airfield and this American anomaly may lead to inconsistencies in conversations between American pilots and controllers in other countries. It is very common in a such as Canada for a controller to clear an incoming American aircraft to, for example, runway 04. In flight simulation programs those of American origin might apply U. S. usage to airports around the world, for example, runway 05 at Halifax will appear on the program as the single digit 5 rather than 05. Runway designations change over time because the magnetic poles slowly drift on the Earths surface, depending on the airport location and how much drift takes place, it may be necessary over time to change the runway designation. As runways are designated with headings rounded to the nearest 10 degrees, for example, if the magnetic heading of a runway is 233 degrees, it would be designated Runway 23. If the magnetic heading changed downwards by 5 degrees to 228, if on the other hand the original magnetic heading was 226, and the heading decreased by only 2 degrees to 224, the runway should become Runway 22. Because the drift itself is slow, runway designation changes are uncommon
5.
Athens International Airport
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It is Greeces busiest airport and it serves as the hub and main base of Aegean Airlines as well as other Greek airlines. The airport is currently in Group 2 of Airports Council International and as of 2016, AIA is located between the towns of Markopoulo, Koropi, Spata and Loutsa, about 20 km to the east of central Athens. As to-date, ownership is divided between the Hellenic Republic and Private Sector in a 55%-45% stake following a PPP scheme for the airport company, currently, private investors include the Copelouzos Group and PSP Investments of Canada, following purchase of Hochtiefs shares. The airport was constructed to replace the now-closed Athens International Airport, studies for a new airport had been carried out from as early as the 1970s, with as many as 19 different locations being looked at before an area close to the town of Spata was chosen as suitable. Athens Airport SA, a company, was established in 1978 to proceed with the plans. In 1996, Athens International Airport S. A. was established as a Public–private partnership with a 30-year concession agreement and that same year, the €2.1 billion development finally began with an estimated completion date of February 2001. The airport construction was completed five months before schedule, but was delayed opening a month due to connections to Attiki Odos not being completed. Its major features include two parallel runways being 4 km and 3.8 km long respectively, the airport has received approval from the European Aviation Safety Agency and the Federal Aviation Administration for take-offs and landings of the biggest passenger jet worldwide, the A380. The first ever A380 to visit Eleftherios Venizelos Athens International Airport made a landing on 13 April 2011 for emergency medical reasons. The first scheduled A380 flight took place on 26 October 2012 by Emirates, the Greek government-debt crisis reduced the overall passenger traffic of the airport for six consecutive years. Many long-haul airlines outright terminated service to the airport, while others chose to operate on a basis only. Moreover, these problems were exacerbated by the closure of Olympic Airlines. In 2013, the airport handled just above 12.5 million passengers,3. 2% fewer than in 2012,2014 signaled a strong recovery for the airports passenger traffic and all statistical figures. More than ten new airlines started new flights to and from Athens, Aegean Airlines strengthened its network by 30% while Ryanair established a new base in the Athens Airport and added eight destinations. Characteristically, Singapore and Gulf Air resumed flights while Emirates, Etihad Airways, delta Air Lines and American Airlines retained their seasonal schedules to/from USA with even more frequent connectivity. From 2017 onwards, year-round services to Singapore are going to resume after more than 5 years, flights are going to be opeated by Scoot. In addition, over the period, aircraft traffic exhibited a solid growth of 14% year-over-year. Strong growth was evident throughout 2016, both for domestic and international destinations, annual results reflect a solid performance having an all-time record high been achieved for a second year in a row fueled by double-digit growth, this time passing the twenty million mark
6.
Manchester Airport
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Manchester Airport is an international airport in Ringway, Manchester, England,7.5 nautical miles south west of Manchester city centre. In 2016, it was the third busiest airport in the United Kingdom in terms of passenger numbers, the airport comprises three terminals, a goods terminal and is the only British airport other than Londons Heathrow Airport to operate two runways over 3,280 yd in length. Manchester Airport covers an area of 560 hectares and has flights to 199 destinations, officially opened on 25 June 1938, it was initially known as Ringway Airport. In the Second World War, as RAF Ringway, it was a base for the Royal Air Force, Ringway, after which the airport was named, is a village with a few buildings and church at the southern edge of the airport. The airport handled 25.6 million passengers in 2016, a record total and this potential figure is limited by the airports restriction to 61 aircraft movements per hour. Manchester Airport started construction on 28 November 1935 and opened partly in June 1937 and completely on 25 June 1938, after the Second World War, the base reverted to a civilian airport and gradually expanded to its present size. Historically, Manchester Airport was consistently the busiest airport after London Heathrow for a number of following the war. In 1972, the M56 motorway opened to the airport, by 1993, the airport railway station opened. From 1997 to 2001 its second runway was built, causing protests in the area. In October 2008 the daily New York–JFK service was terminated and in March 2013. This leaves a daily high frequency BA Shuttle serving London Heathrow, in codeshare with British Airways Oneworld Alliance partner American Airlines operations remain in Terminal 3 with daily flights to both New York–JFK and Chicago–OHare. American Airlines has since merged with US Airways, which offers service to Philadelphia and operated a seasonal route to Charlotte. Since taking over BA Connects select routes, Flybe has gone on to add more destinations. In 2013 Virgin Atlantic introduced its Little Red short-haul brand to take-up some of the available Heathrow, Manchester was the inaugural destination, with services were operated by aircraft wet-leased from Aer Lingus. However, these ceased in March 2015 due to low popularity. As part of the Governments The Future of Air Transport White Paper, Manchester Airport published its Master Plan on its proposed expansions until 2030. A full-length parallel taxiway may be added to the second runway, the World Logistics Hub is also part of the Airport City Enterprise Developments in South Manchester. This development is designed to meet the demand for cargo handling space
7.
Austrian Airlines
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Austrian Airlines AG, sometimes shortened to Austrian, is the flag carrier of Austria and a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group. The airline is headquartered in the grounds of Vienna International Airport in Schwechat where it maintains its hub. It flies to 6 domestic and more than 120 international year-round, the airline was formed in 1957 by the merger of Air Austria and Austrian Airways, but traces its history back to 1923 at the founding of Austrian Airways. During the 2000s, the airline expanded through the acquisitions of Rheintalflug and Lauda Air, throughout the decade, Austrian sustained several years of losses, and in 2008 its owner, the Austrian Government was advised to sell the airline to a foreign company. In 2009, the Lufthansa Group purchased the airline after receiving approval from the European Commission following an investigation into the tendering process. Following disputes with staff over cost-cutting, all Austrian Airlines flights were transferred on 1 July 2012 to its subsidiary Tyrolean Airways, on 1 April 2015, all flights transferred back to Austrian, and Tyrolean Airways was merged into its parent. On 3 May 1923 Walter Barda-Bardenau received approval by the Austrian government for establishing an airline and he participated in the newly formed Austrian Airlines with one percent, with the remaining shares went to the Austrian railway transportation company and the Junkers-Werke. The initial fleet consisted of Junkers F 13s, the first flight of the company took place in Vienna on 14 May 1923 by Munich, with pilot Hans Baur. The landing took place in Vienna Jedlesee, there occurred a conversion to float, the company was operated by Junkers Trans European Union. Its destinations included Munich, Budapest, Nuremberg, Graz, Klagenfurt, some targets in Austria were served with seaplanes. The union was dissolved in September 1926, from 1927 the company procured new aircraft with support from the government. In the same year it began a partnership agreement with Deutsche Luft Hansa. Line connections were planned and operated jointly by the two companies, a route network to Berlin, Budapest and Milan ranged Vienna was created. In 1932 Luft Hansa Junkers held 49% interest, after the end of the world economic crisis the fleet with several Junkers Ju 52/3 m was added. In 1938, the company began planning of routes to Rome, Paris, Junkers Ju 90 planes were used. After the annexation of Austria by Germany in March 1938, these plans were abandoned, the airline was fully under the control of Lufthansa from 1 January 1939. In June 1939, the company was deleted from the commercial register, after the Second World War, Austria was separated from Germany, and Austria was left without a national airline. Austrian Airlines was formed as Österreichische Luftverkehrs AG through the merger of Air Austria and it began operations on 30 September 1957, making its maiden flight on 31 March 1958 when a leased Vickers Viscount 779 took off from Vienna for a scheduled service to Zurich and London
8.
Vienna International Airport
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Vienna International Airport is the international airport of Vienna, the capital of Austria, located in Schwechat,18 km southeast of central Vienna and 57 km west of Bratislava. It is the countrys biggest airport and serves as the hub for Austrian Airlines and it is capable of handling wide-body aircraft up to the Airbus A380. The airport features a network of European destinations as well as long-haul flights to Asia. During 2015, the airport handled 23.4 million passengers, in 1954, the Betriebsgesellschaft was founded, and the airport replaced Aspern as Viennas principal aerodrome. There was just one runway, which in 1959 was expanded to measure 3,000 m, the erection of the new airport building starting in 1959. In 1972 another runway was built, in 1982 the airport was connected to the national motorway network. In 1986 the enlarged arrivals hall was opened, and in 1988 Pier East with 8 jetbridges, Flughafen Wien AG, one of the few publicly traded airport operators in Europe, was privatised in 1992. The state of Lower Austria and the City of Vienna each hold 20% of the shares, the shares are part of the Austrian Traded Index. In 1992, the new Terminal 1 was opened and a year later the area around the plaza in the transit area of the B, C and D gates. In 1996 Pier West with 12 jetbridges got in operation, in 2006 the 109 m tall control tower started operating. It allows a free overview of the airport area and offers a night laser show. From 2004–2007 an Office Park had been erected offering 69,000 m2 of rentable space, a VIP- and general aviation-terminal, including a separated apron, opened in 2006. To accommodate future growth, in 1998 Vienna Airport published a plan that outlined expansion projects until 2015. These projects included a new park, railway station, cargo center, general aviation center, air traffic control tower, terminal. Additionally, the called for streamlined security control. The centerpiece of the enlargement was the new terminal, dubbed Skylink during its construction, in 2002, the airports management estimated that building the new terminal will cost €401.79 million. However, costs skyrocketed and in 2009 stood at an estimated €929.5 million, on June 5,2012, the new Austrian Star Alliance Terminal was opened, which enables the airport to handle up to 30 million passengers per year. Construction started in 2004 and was suspended due to projected cost increases in 2009, the maximum planned costs totaled less than €770 million
9.
Linz Airport
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Linz Airport, also known as Blue Danube Airport Linz and formerly Hörsching Airport, is a minor international airport near Linz, the third-largest city of Austria. It mainly features flights to European leisure and some metropolitan destinations, Air traffic used to take place at the Südbahnhofmarkt in the center of Linz where the zeppelin Estaric I took off on the 30th October 1909. In 1925 air traffic was established between Linz and Vienna, starting in 1934, the air traffic operation was based in the Linz-Katzenau district, which was later terminated by the NSDAP after 1938. The airport was moved to Hörsching. The following table shows some of the units of the Luftwaffe, since 1956 regular passenger air traffic takes place. Since 1966 daily flight connections to Frankfurt Airport are available, in 1972 a passenger terminal was built, which was officially opened in 1976. Since 1985 the flight path is equipped with an Instrument landing system, in the years 1998 to 2003 the passenger terminal was adjusted and enlarged. In 2005 a new instrument landing system was put into operation at the runway 08/26, until 1989 the supersonic jet Concorde landed several times at the airport. Since the 90s some cargo flights were dispatched by the high-capacity transporter Antonov An-124 Ruslan, in 2003 the worlds largest cargo aircraft Antonov An-225 landed in Austria. On 2 June 2010 a Lufthansa Airbus A380-800 landed at Linz Airport coming from Vienna, Linz has been the second largest airport in Austria since 1978, although cargo transactions are mostly done by trucks. Amerer Air operated from the airport Linz from 1995 until 2009 and was the only company in Austria. In June 1994 the cargo terminal 1 was finished, in October 2013 the cargo terminal 5 was put into operation. 6 Million Euro were invested in the new cargo terminal, with more than 100 companies, Linz Airport is the largest business park in Upper Austria. The Flughafen GmbH employs about 160 people, according to the number of passengers, Linz Airport is the fifth largest airport in Austria after Vienna, Salzburg, Innsbruck and Graz. The airport is a shared property, 50% belong to the general state Upper Austria and 50% belong to the city of Linz. Since the inauguration of the new services in December 2014. In September 2016, Austrian Airlines cut down their Linz-Vienna route again to one daily flight per direction stating extremely poor passenger numbers. Most travelers between both cities are now using the rail link as nearly one Railjet per hour departs Linz for Vienna on which Austrian Airlines sells AirRail tickets as well
10.
Air Serbia
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Air Serbia is the flag carrier and largest airline of Serbia. The airline was known as Jat Airways until it was renamed in 2013. Air Serbia commenced operations under its new name on 26 October 2013, the airline has its hub at Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport. After the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1990s, JAT became a carrier of Serbia. On 29 February 1992 JAT turned into a company and was renamed as Jat Airways in 2003. However, the fleet and lack of investments caused the company to record financial losses year after year. On 1 August 2013, Jat Airways and Etihad Airways entered into an agreement of strategic partnership, under the agreement, Etihad acquired a 49% stake in Jat Airways and management rights for a period of five years. The Republic of Serbia would retain the remaining 51% and hold five of nine monitoring committee seats in the company, Jat Airways was reorganized and renamed Air Serbia in October 2013 and launched its inaugural flight under its new name on 26 October 2013, from Belgrade to Abu Dhabi. Air Serbias logo is a stylized double-headed eagle inspired by the Serbian coat-of-arms, the airlines branding was based on work undertaken by Tamara Maksimović, a 25-year-old graphic designer from Novi Sad. Serbian tennis player Novak Đoković gave his name to the first Airbus A319, Serbian professional basketball player Vlade Divac gave his name to the first Airbus A320. The airline phased in its first long-haul aircraft, an Airbus A330, Air Serbia is jointly owned by the Republic of Serbia, which holds a 51 per cent stake, and Etihad Airways, which has a 49 per cent share. It is governed by an Executive Board led by the CEO, Dane Kondić, a Supervisory Board chaired by Siniša Mali, as of June 2016, the airline operates flights to 44 destinations in Europe, the Mediterranean, the Middle East and North America. The transatlantic service became the first non-stop flight operated by a Serbian carrier between Serbia and the United States since 1992, when the majority of flights were discontinued. On 27 October 2013, Air Serbia had to switch its operations from Istanbul Atatürk Airport to Sabiha Gökçen Airport after being given unfavourable slot timings at Atatürk Airport. ASGS has been certified to provide ground handling operations which include handling of passengers, baggage, aircraft, cargo, Air Serbia Catering is a wholly owned subsidiary of Air Serbia. Located in the zone of Nikola Tesla Airport, the company prepares inflight meals for Air Serbia. Founded in 1967 as part of JAT, ASC started operating as an independent company in 2005, and in early 2014 it became part of Air Serbia. In May 2014 Air Serbia launched a new brand called Aviolet
20.7%
141,283
