1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Anna Vissi
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Anna Vissi, also known as Anna Vishy, is a Greek Cypriot recording artist and actress. Vissi established herself in the industry by winning the Thessaloniki Song Festival in 1977 with the song As Kanoume Apopse Mian Arhi. Together they created the label CarVi, which resulted in issues with EMI Greece, and they then moved to CBS Records Greece. Through the years she kept a strong fan base, sold out tours, since the late 1990s, Vissi has also made attempts at establishing a career abroad, most of which fell through and have had some negative repercussions on her domestic career. While her performance for Cyprus remains the highest placement the country has received in the contest. Through a career that has spanned four decades, Vissi has influenced several of the nations younger generation of female artists. She has won six Arion Music Awards,15 Pop Corn Music Awards, while Forbes Anna Vissi was born on 20 December 1957 into a Greek Cypriot family, in Pyla, a village near Larnaca, Cyprus. She has been singing from a early age, beginning formal musical studies at the age of six at a local conservatory. At the age of twelve she entered a talent competition and won first prize, two years later, she was the main singer at Ayia Tilliria, which was also her first TV appearance. In 1973, her moved to Athens, Greece, where she was able to pursue her studies at the National Conservatory. She would eventually appear with a number of well-known Greek singers, such as George Dalaras, Haris Alexiou, during this time she also studied the law at the University of Athens. Her first important collaboration, alongside George Dalaras, was with composer Stavros Koujioumtzis, Koujioumtzis composed two songs for Vissi, S Agapo and Sta Hronia tis Ipomonis. She also collaborated with many important Greek composers such as Mikis Theodorakis, Georgios Hadjinassios, Doros Giorgiadis, Nikos Karvelas, in 1977, she went on tour with George Dalaras and Haris Alexiou, giving concerts with the most notable at the Rainbow, London. In the same year, she released her first studio album named As Kanoume Apopse Mian Arhi and won the prize for best singer, in 1978 she was proposed by ERT to represent Greece at the 23rd Eurovision Song Contest. There were two songs, Poso S Agapo and O Kyrios Nobel. Finally, due to controversies between the composers of the songs, her participation was disqualified and Tania Tsanaklidou went to the contest and her second album Kitrino Galazio was released in 1979 and produced the hit Aftos Pou Perimeno. The album reached platinum status and became the record of the year in Greece. In 1980, Vissi participated in the 25th Eurovision Song Contest representing Greece with the song Autostop, in the same year she released her third album Nai reaching gold status with 50,000 units sold
3.
Columbia Records
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Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an enterprise named the American Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the sound business. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of singers, instrumentalists. It is one of Sony Musics three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records, rather, as above, it was connected to CBS, a broadcasting media company which had purchased the company in 1938, and had been co-founded in 1927 by Columbia Records itself. Though Arista Records was sold to Bertelsmann Music Group, it would become a sister label of Columbia Records through its mutual connection to Sony Music. The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded in 1887 by stenographer, lawyer and New Jersey native Edward Easton and it derived its name from the District of Columbia, where it was headquartered. At first it had a monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington. As was the custom of some of the regional companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own. Columbias ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company were severed in 1894 with the North American Phonograph Companys breakup, thereafter it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the XP record, a brown wax record. According to Gracyk, the molded brown waxes may have sold to Sears for distribution. Columbia began selling records and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their Toy Graphophone of 1899. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and the Victor Talking Machine Company disc records as one of the top three names in American recorded sound. In order to add prestige to its catalog of artists. The firm also introduced the internal-horn Grafonola to compete with the extremely popular Victrola sold by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company, during this era, Columbia used the famous Magic Notes logo—a pair of sixteenth notes in a circle—both in the United States and overseas. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players, Columbia Phonograph was moved to Connecticut, and Ed Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation, in late 1923, Columbia went into receivership
4.
Greek alphabet
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It is the ancestor of the Latin and Cyrillic scripts. In its classical and modern forms, the alphabet has 24 letters, Modern and Ancient Greek use different diacritics. In standard Modern Greek spelling, orthography has been simplified to the monotonic system, examples In both Ancient and Modern Greek, the letters of the Greek alphabet have fairly stable and consistent symbol-to-sound mappings, making pronunciation of words largely predictable. Ancient Greek spelling was generally near-phonemic, among consonant letters, all letters that denoted voiced plosive consonants and aspirated plosives in Ancient Greek stand for corresponding fricative sounds in Modern Greek. This leads to groups of vowel letters denoting identical sounds today. Modern Greek orthography remains true to the spellings in most of these cases. The following vowel letters and digraphs are involved in the mergers, Modern Greek speakers typically use the same, modern, in other countries, students of Ancient Greek may use a variety of conventional approximations of the historical sound system in pronouncing Ancient Greek. Several letter combinations have special conventional sound values different from those of their single components, among them are several digraphs of vowel letters that formerly represented diphthongs but are now monophthongized. In addition to the three mentioned above, there is also ⟨ου⟩, pronounced /u/, the Ancient Greek diphthongs ⟨αυ⟩, ⟨ευ⟩ and ⟨ηυ⟩ are pronounced, and respectively in voicing environments in Modern Greek. The Modern Greek consonant combinations ⟨μπ⟩ and ⟨ντ⟩ stand for and respectively, ⟨τζ⟩ stands for, in addition, both in Ancient and Modern Greek, the letter ⟨γ⟩, before another velar consonant, stands for the velar nasal, thus ⟨γγ⟩ and ⟨γκ⟩ are pronounced like English ⟨ng⟩. There are also the combinations ⟨γχ⟩ and ⟨γξ⟩ and these signs were originally designed to mark different forms of the phonological pitch accent in Ancient Greek. The letter rho, although not a vowel, also carries a rough breathing in word-initial position, if a rho was geminated within a word, the first ρ always had the smooth breathing and the second the rough breathing leading to the transiliteration rrh. The vowel letters ⟨α, η, ω⟩ carry an additional diacritic in certain words, the iota subscript. This iota represents the former offglide of what were originally long diphthongs, ⟨ᾱι, ηι, ωι⟩, another diacritic used in Greek is the diaeresis, indicating a hiatus. In 1982, a new, simplified orthography, known as monotonic, was adopted for use in Modern Greek by the Greek state. Although it is not a diacritic, the comma has a function as a silent letter in a handful of Greek words, principally distinguishing ό. There are many different methods of rendering Greek text or Greek names in the Latin script, the form in which classical Greek names are conventionally rendered in English goes back to the way Greek loanwords were incorporated into Latin in antiquity. In this system, ⟨κ⟩ is replaced with ⟨c⟩, the diphthongs ⟨αι⟩ and ⟨οι⟩ are rendered as ⟨ae⟩ and ⟨oe⟩ respectively, and ⟨ει⟩ and ⟨ου⟩ are simplified to ⟨i⟩ and ⟨u⟩ respectively
5.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
6.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
7.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
8.
Nylon (album)
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Nylon is a Greek album by singer Anna Vissi, released in Greece and Cyprus on September 28,2005, and subsequently in select European countries and Taiwan. The album reached Platinum status in less than 24 hours after its release, released in September 2005, Nylon was Anna Vissis first studio album since the commercially successful 2003 Paraksenes Eikones. Vissi characterized Nylon as her best album so far, with Nikos Karvelas paying a lot of attention to the lyrics of the songs he had written, upon release, Nylon went platinum within 24 hours in Greece. In October 2005, the album was released on the DualDisc format, the DualDisc version featured bonus songs and as well as special footage from the recording studio. The album was released in Turkey in 2006. In 2007 the Euro-Edition was released in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and it was then released on the market on the Gold maxi-single Call Me. Was later included in the dual disc edition of Nylon, the maxi-single peaked at number 1 of the official Greek singles charts. In Cyprus the maxi-single won the award for best selling single of 2005, Lie Included as a b-side on the maxi-single Call Me. A remix of the song was included in the edition of Nylon. Nylon Prior of the release of the came the single Nylon. In Cyprus it debuted at number 1 of the airplay charts, Erota I Polemo Erota I Polemo feat Goin Through, was the third video from the album. Gia Teleftea Fora Radio single, that achieved the biggest airplay success of the album in Greece, kinoumeni Ammos A remix of the song was released by December 2005 helping it achieve significant airplay, charting at number 4 of the Cypriot charts. Everything Everything was the Greek entry in Eurovision Song Contest 2006 included in Nylon Euro Edition, the song peaked at number 1 on the official Greek airplay charts. It also charted at number 1 in Cyprus, the cd-single debuted at number 1 of the official greek single charts. Call Me Nylon Erota I Polemo Everything All the songs were composed by Nikos Karvelas, All the lyrics are written by Nikos Karvelas with the exception of the rap segment in Erota I Polemo written by Nikos Vourliotis. The album was certified Platinum in Greece within 24 hours of its release
9.
Agapi Ipervoliki
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Agapi Ipervoliki is a single from the 7x Platinum album Kravgi by Greek pop singer Anna Vissi, released in 2000 prior to the album release. It was released as a single with five more songs from the album obtaining 4x Platinum status in Greece. It is Vissis most successful single to date in Greece and 4th most successful CD-Single of all time. Agapi Ipervoliki -4,50 Epilogi Mou -4,08 Den Me Agapas -4,56 Afti Ti Fora -6,15 Kaka Pedia -5,10 Ola Ta Lefta -3,47 The song Agapi Ipervoliki was also renowned for its groundbreaking video. On January 1,2007, it was voted as the eighth best video in MADs Countdown Top 40 Best Videos in 10 Mad Years
10.
As Kanoume Apopse Mian Arhi
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As Kanoume Apopse Mian Arhi is the title of the debut studio album by singer Anna Vissi, released in Greece and Cyprus by Minos in 1977. In the 1970s in the Greek music industry, the prerequisite to recording an album was to prove ones artistic merits by collaborating and recording with other established musicians. The album featured new songs and songs included in various composer albums. The lead single, As Kanoume Apopse Mian Arhi was sung by Vissi at the Thessaloniki Song Festival, on September 26,1977, prior to the album release, winning first prize. In 1987, As Kanoume Apopse Mian Arhi was among the selection of albums that Minos-EMI decided to release on CD as it was still popular. The Minos EMI reissue for the back catalogue Minos EMI CD Club series, in 2006 it was re-released in a remasted edition including a bonus CD with additional songs from her early career with Minos featured on albums of other successful artists. In 2007 the songs of the album were included on EMIs boxset of Vissi recordings Back to Time which, despite of being a box set, charted on the Top 10 of sales charts. Music and lyrics are by Doros Georgiadis, Spiros Blassopoulos, Antonis Vardis, Panos Falaras, Giannis Spanos, Manos Eleftheriou, M. Terzis, G. Karakatsanis, G. Gerasimidis, and K. Loizos
11.
Kitrino Galazio
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Kitrino Galazio is the title of the second studio album by Greek singer Anna Vissi, released in Greece and Cyprus in 1979 by EMI Greece. It is her first album after her departure from Minos, her previous record label, the album reached platinum status, and was one of the best-selling albums of 1979 in Greece. After Vissi leaving Minos, decided to pop sound on her second album. The album was received by the public with first single Aftos Pou Perimeno becoming instant hit. The song remains a classic receiving airplay up until today, in 1987, Kitrino Galazio was among the selection of albums that MINOS-EMI decided to release on CD as it was still popular. The CD edition of the album was shipped in shops throughout the years. In 1997, the popularity of Aftos Pou Perimeno was confirmed with the release of remixes of the song on a single titled The Remixes. In 2006 it was re-released in an edition featuring remixes of Aftos Pou Perimeno. In 2007 the songs of the album were included on EMIs boxset of Vissi recordings Back to Time which, despite of being a box set, music and lyrics are by Takis Mpougas, I. Kalamitsi, Daniel Deschênes, G. Kanellopoulou, S. Blassopoulou, G. Kanellopoulou, Sakari, Psylla, and Anna Vissi
12.
Nai (album)
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Nai is the name of a Greek album by singer Anna Vissi. It is her third album and includes the soundtrack of the TV series Methismeni Politeia. It was released in Greece and Cyprus in 1980 by EMI Greece, in 2006, a remastered version was released, including the Greek participation song in the ESC1980 Autostop, featuring the Epikouri band, as well as two remixes of the song Oso Eho Foni. After the success coming from her 1979 album Kitrino Galazio, Vissi remained on pop tunes with this album. Methismeni Politia was the song for a popular drama series during the 1980–1981 TV season on ERT, months before the release of the album. The next singles Oso Eho Foni and To Ksero Tha Ertheis Ksana were also popular, like Kitrino Galazio, Nai was released on CD in 1987 and was shipped to stores throughout the years as the album continued to sell. Oso Eho Foni alongside Aftos Pou Perimeno from Kitrino Galazio were remixed and released on the maxi single The Remixes, all songs from the album were included in 2007 Anna Vissi box set Back to Time which charted on the Greek Albums Chart. Credits adapted from the liner notes
