1.
Pattani
–
Pattani is one of the southern provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Narathiwat, Yala, and Songkhla, the name Pattani is the Thai adaptation of the Malay name Patani, which can mean this beach in Patani Malay language. Another suggestion is that it derives from a Sanskrit word pathini, meaning virgin nymph, Pathini was the name of a daughter of Merong Mahawangsa, historically, Pattani Province was the centre of the Malay Sultanate of Patani Darul Makrif. For centuries a tributary state of Siam, Pattani has been governed by Siam since its conquest in 1785, siamese rule was officially acknowledged by the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 negotiated with the British Empire. Both Yala and Narathiwat were originally part of Patani, but were made provinces of their own during the administrative reform. Pattani is one of the four provinces of Thailand where the majority of the population are Malay Muslim and they make up about 88 percent of its population. The people speak the Patani Malay language, although most also speak Thai, the Pattani Malays are similar in ethnicity and culture to the Malays of Kelantan, Malaysia. Pattani is on the Malay Peninsula, with the coast of the Gulf of Thailand to the north, the south is dominated by the Sankalakhiri mountain range, which includes Budo-Su-ngai Padi National Park, on the border with Yala and Narathiwat. The seal of the shows the cannon called Phraya Tani, known as Sri Pattani in Malay. It was brought to Bangkok in 1785, and is now on display in front of the Ministry of Defence in Bangkok, the provincial flower is the Chinese hibiscus, and the provincial tree the Ironwood. Pattani is divided into 12 districts, which are subdivided into 115 communes and 629 villages. The districts of Chana, Thepa and Saba Yoi were detached from Pattani, Thailand Islamic Insurgency Muslim rebels light fuse in Thailand
Pattani
–
Pattani Grand Mosque
2.
Thailand
–
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand, formerly known as Siam, is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. With a total area of approximately 513,000 km2, Thailand is the worlds 51st-largest country and it is the 20th-most-populous country in the world, with around 66 million people. The capital and largest city is Bangkok, Thailand is a constitutional monarchy and has switched between parliamentary democracy and military junta for decades, the latest coup being in May 2014 by the National Council for Peace and Order. Its capital and most populous city is Bangkok and its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. The Thai economy is the worlds 20th largest by GDP at PPP and it became a newly industrialised country and a major exporter in the 1990s. Manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism are leading sectors of the economy and it is considered a middle power in the region and around the world. The country has always been called Mueang Thai by its citizens, by outsiders prior to 1949, it was usually known by the exonym Siam. The word Siam has been identified with the Sanskrit Śyāma, the names Shan and A-hom seem to be variants of the same word. The word Śyâma is possibly not its origin, but a learned, another theory is the name derives from Chinese, Ayutthaya emerged as a dominant centre in the late fourteenth century. The Chinese called this region Xian, which the Portuguese converted into Siam, the signature of King Mongkut reads SPPM Mongkut King of the Siamese, giving the name Siam official status until 24 June 1939 when it was changed to Thailand. Thailand was renamed Siam from 1945 to 11 May 1949, after which it reverted to Thailand. According to George Cœdès, the word Thai means free man in the Thai language, ratcha Anachak Thai means kingdom of Thailand or kingdom of Thai. Etymologically, its components are, ratcha, -ana- -chak, the Thai National Anthem, written by Luang Saranupraphan during the extremely patriotic 1930s, refers to the Thai nation as, prathet Thai. The first line of the anthem is, prathet thai ruam lueat nuea chat chuea thai, Thailand is the unity of Thai flesh. There is evidence of habitation in Thailand that has been dated at 40,000 years before the present. Similar to other regions in Southeast Asia, Thailand was heavily influenced by the culture and religions of India, Thailand in its earliest days was under the rule of the Khmer Empire, which had strong Hindu roots, and the influence among Thais remains even today. Voretzsch believes that Buddhism must have been flowing into Siam from India in the time of the Indian Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya Empire, later Thailand was influenced by the south Indian Pallava dynasty and north Indian Gupta Empire. The Menam Basin was originally populated by the Mons, and the location of Dvaravati in the 7th century, the History of the Yuan mentions an embassy from the kingdom of Sukhothai in 1282
Thailand
–
The ruins of
Wat Chaiwatthanaram at
Ayutthaya.
Thailand
–
Flag
Thailand
–
Stupas,
Ayutthaya Historical Park.
Thailand
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Pottery discovered near
Ban Chiang in Udon Thani Province, the earliest dating to 2100 BCE.
3.
List of religions and spiritual traditions
–
Religion is a collection of cultural systems, beliefs and world views that establishes symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and, sometimes to moral values. While religion is hard to define, one model of religion, used in religious studies courses, was proposed by Clifford Geertz. A critique of Geertzs model by Talal Asad categorized religion as an anthropological category, many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life or to explain the origin of life or the universe. They tend to derive morality, ethics, religious laws, or a preferred lifestyle from their ideas about the cosmos, according to some estimates, there are roughly 4,200 religions in the world. The word religion is sometimes used interchangeably with faith or belief system, Certain religions also have a sacred language often used in liturgical services. Religious beliefs have also used to explain parapsychological phenomena such as out-of-body experiences, near-death experiences and reincarnation. A group of monotheistic traditions sometimes grouped with one another for comparative purposes, oriental Orthodox Churches, Includes the Armenian Apostolic, Coptic, Syrian Orthodox, Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Churches, as well as a portion of the St. Thomas Christians in India. Greek Old Calendarists Russian Old Believers Bezpopovtsy Popovtsy Spiritual Christianity Doukhobor Molokan Certain Christian groups are difficult to classify as Eastern or Western, irenaeus wrote polemics against them from the standpoint of the then-unified Catholic Church. They are definitely of ancient Israelite origin, but their status as Jews is disputed, falasha or Beta Israel Noahidism Noahidism is a monotheistic ideology based on the Seven Laws of Noah, and on their traditional interpretations within Rabbinic Judaism. According to Jewish law, non-Jews are not obligated to convert to Judaism and they derive from African traditional religions, especially of West and Central Africa, showing similarities to the Yoruba religion in particular. co. uk section on major world religions
List of religions and spiritual traditions
–
Religious symbols in clock-wise order:
Judaism,
Christianity,
Islam,
Bahá'í Faith,
Hinduism,
Taoism,
Buddhism,
Sikhism,
Slavic neopaganism,
Celtic polytheism,
Heathenism (German paganism),
Semitic neopaganism,
Wicca,
Kemetism (Egyptian paganism),
Hellenism,
Italo-Roman neopaganism.
4.
Islam
–
Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion which professes that there is only one and incomparable God and that Muhammad is the last messenger of God. It is the worlds second-largest religion and the major religion in the world, with over 1.7 billion followers or 23% of the global population. Islam teaches that God is merciful, all-powerful, and unique, and He has guided mankind through revealed scriptures, natural signs, and a line of prophets sealed by Muhammad. The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran, viewed by Muslims as the word of God. Muslims believe that Islam is the original, complete and universal version of a faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses. As for the Quran, Muslims consider it to be the unaltered, certain religious rites and customs are observed by the Muslims in their family and social life, while social responsibilities to parents, relatives, and neighbors have also been defined. Besides, the Quran and the sunnah of Muhammad prescribe a comprehensive body of moral guidelines for Muslims to be followed in their personal, social, political, Islam began in the early 7th century. Originating in Mecca, it spread in the Arabian Peninsula. The expansion of the Muslim world involved various caliphates and empires, traders, most Muslims are of one of two denominations, Sunni or Shia. Islam is the dominant religion in the Middle East, North Africa, sizable Muslim communities are also found in Horn of Africa, Europe, China, Russia, Mainland Southeast Asia, Philippines, Northern Borneo, Caucasus and the Americas. Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world, Islam is a verbal noun originating from the triliteral root s-l-m which forms a large class of words mostly relating to concepts of wholeness, submission, safeness and peace. In a religious context it means voluntary submission to God, Islām is the verbal noun of Form IV of the root, and means submission or surrender. Muslim, the word for an adherent of Islam, is the active participle of the verb form. The word sometimes has connotations in its various occurrences in the Quran. In some verses, there is stress on the quality of Islam as a state, Whomsoever God desires to guide. Other verses connect Islām and dīn, Today, I have perfected your religion for you, I have completed My blessing upon you, still others describe Islam as an action of returning to God—more than just a verbal affirmation of faith. In the Hadith of Gabriel, islām is presented as one part of a triad that also includes imān, Islam was historically called Muhammadanism in Anglophone societies. This term has fallen out of use and is said to be offensive because it suggests that a human being rather than God is central to Muslims religion
Islam
–
The
Kaaba, in
Mecca,
Hejaz region, today's
Saudi Arabia, is the
center of Islam.
Muslims from all over the world gather there to
pray in unity.
Islam
–
The dome of the
Carol I Mosque in
Constanța,
Romania, topped by the
Islamic crescent
Islam
–
Medallion showing "
Allah " (
God) in
Hagia Sophia,
Istanbul,
Turkey.
Islam
–
An
angel presenting
Muhammad and his companions with a miniature city. In the
Topkapi Palace Library,
Istanbul.
5.
Malay language
–
Malay is a major language of the Austronesian family. It has a status in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia. As the Bahasa Kebangsaan or Bahasa Nasional of several states, Standard Malay has various official names, in Singapore and Brunei it is called Bahasa Melayu, in Malaysia, Bahasa Malaysia, and in Indonesia, Bahasa Indonesia and is designated the Bahasa Persatuan/Pemersatu. However, in areas of central to southern Sumatra where the language is indigenous, Indonesians refer to it as Bahasa Melayu and consider it one of their regional languages. There are also several Malay trade and creole languages which are based on a lingua franca derived from Classical Malay, as well as Macassar Malay, Malay historical linguists agree on the likelihood of the Malay homeland being in western Borneo stretching to the Bruneian coast. A form known as Proto-Malay language was spoken in Borneo at least by 1000 BCE and was, it has been argued, the ancestral language of all subsequent Malayan languages. The history of the Malay language can be divided into five periods, Old Malay, the Transitional Period, the Malacca Period, Late Modern Malay and it is not clear that Old Malay was actually the ancestor of Classical Malay, but this is thought to be quite possible. Old Malay was influenced by Sanskrit literary language of Classical India, Sanskrit loanwords can be found in Old Malay vocabulary. Batenburg on November 29,1920 at Kedukan Bukit, South Sumatra, on the banks of the Tatang and it is a small stone of 45 by 80 centimetres. The earliest surviving manuscript in Malay is the Tanjong Tanah Law in post-Pallava letters and this 14th-century pre-Islamic legal text produced in the Adityawarman era of Dharmasraya, a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that arose after the end of Srivijayan rule in Sumatra. The laws were for the Minangkabau people, who still live in the highlands of Sumatra. The Malay language came into use as the lingua franca of the Malacca Sultanate. During this period, the Malay language developed rapidly under the influence of Islamic literature, the development changed the nature of the language with massive infusion of Arabic, Malayalam and Sanskrit vocabularies, called Classical Malay. Under the Sultanate of Malacca the language evolved into a form recognisable to speakers of modern Malay, however, there is no connection between Malaccan Malay as used on Riau and the Riau vernacular. One of the oldest surviving letters written in Malay is a letter from Sultan Abu Hayat of Ternate, Maluku Islands in present-day Indonesia, the letter is addressed to the king of Portugal, following contact with Portuguese explorer Francisco Serrão. The letters show sign of non-native usage, the Ternateans used the unrelated Ternate language, Malay was used solely as a lingua franca for inter-ethnic communications. Malay is a member of the Austronesian family of languages, which includes languages from Southeast Asia, malagasy, a geographic outlier spoken in Madagascar in the Indian Ocean, is also a member of this language family. Although each language of the family is mutually unintelligible, their similarities are rather striking, many roots have come virtually unchanged from their common ancestor, Proto-Austronesian language
Malay language
–
Malay Traffic-signs
Malay language
–
Koc Wanita street sign in Malay.
6.
Thai language
–
Thai, also known as Siamese or Central Thai, is the national and official language of Thailand and the native language of the Thai people and the vast majority of Thai Chinese. Thai is a member of the Tai group of the Tai–Kadai language family, over half of the words in Thai are borrowed from Pali, Sanskrit and Old Khmer. It is a tonal and analytic language, Thai also has a complex orthography and relational markers. Spoken Thai is mutually intelligible with Laotian, Thai is the official language of Thailand, natively spoken by over 20 million people. Standard Thai is based on the register of the classes of Bangkok. In addition to Central Thai, Thailand is home to other related Tai languages, Isan, the language of the Isan region of Thailand, a collective term for the various Lao dialects spoken in Thailand that show some Siamese Thai influences, which is written with the Thai script. It is spoken by about 20 million people, Thais from both inside and outside the Isan region often simply call this variant Lao when speaking informally. Northern Thai, spoken by about 6 million in the independent kingdom of Lanna. Shares strong similarities with Lao to the point that in the past the Siamese Thais referred to it as Lao. Southern Thai, spoken by about 4.5 million Phu Thai, spoken by half a million around Nakhon Phanom Province. Phuan, spoken by 200,000 in central Thailand and Isan, Shan, spoken by about 100,000 in north-west Thailand along the border with the Shan States of Burma, and by 3.2 million in Burma. Lü, spoken by about 1,000,000 in northern Thailand, and 600,000 more in Sipsong Panna, Burma, nyaw language, spoken by 50,000 in Nakhon Phanom Province, Sakhon Nakhon Province, Udon Thani Province of Northeast Thailand. Song, spoken by about 30,000 in central and northern Thailand, Elegant or Formal Thai, official and written version, includes respectful terms of address, used in simplified form in newspapers. Rhetorical Thai, used for public speaking, religious Thai, used when discussing Buddhism or addressing monks. Royal Thai, influenced by Khmer, this is used when addressing members of the family or describing their activities. Most Thais can speak and understand all of these contexts, street and Elegant Thai are the basis of all conversations. Rhetorical, religious, and royal Thai are taught in schools as the national curriculum, many scholars believe that the Thai script is derived from the Khmer script, which is modeled after the Brahmic script from the Indic family. However, in appearance, Thai is closer to Thai Dam script, the language and its script are closely related to the Lao language and script
Thai language
–
Thai
7.
Pattani Province
–
Pattani is one of the southern provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Narathiwat, Yala, and Songkhla, the name Pattani is the Thai adaptation of the Malay name Patani, which can mean this beach in Patani Malay language. Another suggestion is that it derives from a Sanskrit word pathini, meaning virgin nymph, Pathini was the name of a daughter of Merong Mahawangsa, historically, Pattani Province was the centre of the Malay Sultanate of Patani Darul Makrif. For centuries a tributary state of Siam, Pattani has been governed by Siam since its conquest in 1785, siamese rule was officially acknowledged by the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 negotiated with the British Empire. Both Yala and Narathiwat were originally part of Patani, but were made provinces of their own during the administrative reform. Pattani is one of the four provinces of Thailand where the majority of the population are Malay Muslim and they make up about 88 percent of its population. The people speak the Patani Malay language, although most also speak Thai, the Pattani Malays are similar in ethnicity and culture to the Malays of Kelantan, Malaysia. Pattani is on the Malay Peninsula, with the coast of the Gulf of Thailand to the north, the south is dominated by the Sankalakhiri mountain range, which includes Budo-Su-ngai Padi National Park, on the border with Yala and Narathiwat. The seal of the shows the cannon called Phraya Tani, known as Sri Pattani in Malay. It was brought to Bangkok in 1785, and is now on display in front of the Ministry of Defence in Bangkok, the provincial flower is the Chinese hibiscus, and the provincial tree the Ironwood. Pattani is divided into 12 districts, which are subdivided into 115 communes and 629 villages. The districts of Chana, Thepa and Saba Yoi were detached from Pattani, Thailand Islamic Insurgency Muslim rebels light fuse in Thailand
Pattani Province
–
Pattani Grand Mosque
8.
South Thailand insurgency
–
The South Thailand insurgency is an ongoing conflict centered in southern Thailand. Although low-level separatist violence had occurred in the region for decades, the campaign escalated after 2001, with a recrudescence in 2004, incidents blamed on southern insurgents have occurred in Bangkok and Phuket. In July 2005, Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra assumed wide-ranging emergency powers to deal with the southern violence, on 19 September 2006, a military junta ousted Thaksin Shinawatra in a coup. The junta implemented a policy shift by replacing Thaksins earlier approach with a campaign to win over the hearts. Despite little progress in curbing the violence, the junta declared that security was improving, by March 2008, however, the death toll surpassed 3,000. During the Democrat-led government of Abhisit Vejjajiva, Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya noted a sense of optimism, but by the end of 2010 insurgency-related violence had increased, confounding the governments optimism. Finally in March 2011, the government conceded that violence was increasing, however, these groups have been largely sidelined by the Barisan Revolusi Nasional-Koordinasi, the group currently spearheading the insurgency. It sees no reason for negotiations and is against talks with other insurgent groups, the BRN-C has as its immediate aim to make southern Thailand ungovernable and it has largely been successful. Estimates of the strength of the insurgency vary greatly, in 2004 General Pallop Pinmanee claimed that there were only 500 hardcore jihadists. Other estimates say there as many as 15,000 armed insurgents, Thai rule over the historical Patani region was confirmed by the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909. Until well into the 20th century, the government in Bangkok had interfered little locally and this included an exemption in implementing Thai Civil Law, which had allowed Muslims to continue their observance of local Islamic laws regarding issues on inheritance and family. The National Culture Act was enforced as a result of the Thaification process, promoting the concept of Thai-ness and its Mandate 3 was directly aimed at the Patani people. By 1944, Thai civil law was enforced throughout the land including the Patani region, the school curriculum was revised to be Thai-centric, with all lessons in the Thai language, to the detriment of the local Jawi. Traditional Muslim courts that formerly handled civil cases were removed and replaced with civil courts run and this forced assimilation process and the perceived imposition of Thai-Buddhist cultural practices upon their society were irritants to the ethnic Malay Patani. In 1947, Haji Sulong, founder of the Patani People’s Movement, launched a campaign, demanding autonomy, language, and cultural rights. In January 1948, Sulong was arrested on treason charges along with local leaders branded as separatist. Sulong was released from jail in 1952, then disappeared under mysterious circumstances in 1954, denied recognition as a culturally separate ethnic minority, Patani leaders reacted against the Thai government policy towards them. Inspired by ideologies such as Nasserism, in the 1950s a Patani nationalist movement began to grow, by 1959, Tengku Jalal Nasir established the Patani National Liberation Front, the first Malay rebel group
South Thailand insurgency
–
Original arms of the PULO and GMIP
South Thailand insurgency
–
Map of the southern provinces of Thailand showing the Malay-Muslim majority areas
9.
Thaksin Shinawatra
–
Thaksin Shinawatra is a Thai businessman and politician. Between 2001 and 2006, he was the Prime Minister of Thailand and he joined politics in 1994, founded the Thai Rak Thai Party in 1998 and, after a landslide electoral victory, became prime minister in 2001. Thaksins government launched programs to poverty, expand infrastructure, promote small and medium-sized enterprises. Thaksin declared a war on drugs in which more than 2,500 people died and he was the first democratically elected prime minister of Thailand to serve a full term and was re-elected in 2005 by an overwhelming majority. After selling shares of his worth more than a billion dollars to foreign investors without paying taxes. A citizens movement against Thaksin, called Peoples Alliance for Democracy or yellow shirts, launched mass protests, accusing him of corruption, abuse of power, Thaksin called snap elections that were boycotted by the opposition and invalidated by the Constitutional Court. He was overthrown in a coup on 19 September 2006. His party was outlawed and he was barred from political activity, Thaksin has since lived in self-imposed exile except for a brief visit to Thailand in 2008. He was sentenced in absentia to two years in jail for abuse of power and his younger sister Yingluck Shinawatra was the prime minister of Thailand from 2011 to 2014. Thaksins great-grandfather, Seng Saekhu, was an immigrant from Meizhou, Guangdong, China and his eldest son, Chiang Saekhu, was born in Chanthaburi in 1890 and married a Thai woman named Saeng Samana. Chiangs eldest son, Sak, adopted the Thai surname Shinawatra in 1938 because of the countrys anti-Chinese movement, Seng Saekhu had made his fortune through tax farming. Chiang Saekhu/Shinawatra later founded Shinawatra Silks and then moved into finance, construction, Thaksins father, Loet, was born in Chiang Mai in 1919 and married Yindi Ramingwong. Yindis father, Charoen Ramingwong, was a Hakka immigrant who married Princess Chanthip na Chiangmai, in 1968, Loet Shinawatra entered politics and became an MP for Chiang Mai and deputy leader of the now-defunct Liberal Party. Loet Shinawatra quit politics in 1976 and he opened a coffee shop, grew oranges and flowers in Chiang Mais San Kamphaeng district, and opened two cinemas, a gas station, and a car and motorcycle dealership. By the time Thaksin was born, the Shinawatra family was one of the richest and most influential families in Chiang Mai, Thaksin was born in San Kamphaeng, Chiang Mai province. He lived in the village of San Kamphaeng until he was 15, at 16, he helped run one of his fathers cinemas. Thaksin married Potjaman Damapong in July 1976 and they have one son, Panthongtae and two daughters, Pintongtha and Peathongtarn. Thaksin Shinawatra was a member of the 10th class of the Armed Forces Academies Preparatory School, graduating in 1973, he joined the Royal Thai Police
Thaksin Shinawatra
–
Thaksin Shinawatra
MPCh MWM TCW GCON GCPS
Thaksin Shinawatra
–
Thaksin meeting
Donald Evans in December 2001
Thaksin Shinawatra
–
Thaksin in a meeting with the
President of Brazil,
Lula da Silva, in 2004
Thaksin Shinawatra
–
Thaksin with the
President of Russia Vladimir Putin at APEC Bangkok 2003 on 21 October 2003 in Bangkok
10.
Songkhla
–
Songkhla, also known as Singgora or Singora, is a city in Songkhla Province of southern Thailand, near the border with Malaysia. As of 2006 it had a population of 75,048, Songkhla lies 968 km south of Bangkok. Despite being smaller than the neighboring city Hat Yai, Songkhla is the capital of Songkhla Province as well as the Mueang Songkhla district, due to its location at the opening of Songkhla Lake to the Gulf of Thailand, Songkhla is a fishing town and also an important harbour. It is the seaport on the east side of the Isthmus of Kra. On 8 December 1941 local time, hours before the 7 December attack on Pearl Harbor and it then moved south towards Perlis and Penang as part of the Malayan campaign which culminated in the capture of Singapore. Since 2003, Songhkla has been affected by Muslim insurgencies in neighboring Narathiwat, Pattani, the municipalitys mayor, Peera Tantiserane, was murdered there in 2012. Songkhla has a monsoon climate. Temperatures are very warm to hot throughout the year with minor variation. There is a dry season in February and March, the rest of the year is wet. The majority of the population is Buddhist with a proportion of Muslims. These Muslims speak Yawi language, a Malay-related language which has some Thai influence especially loan words borrowed from the Thai language, songkhlas district has five Tambon Administrative Organizations. Songkhla town takes up the whole of Bo Yang division, sultanate of Singgora Songkhla travel guide from Wikivoyage Official website
Songkhla
–
City of Songkhla
Songkhla
–
Laem Samila beach
Songkhla
–
Naga Head at Song Thale Park, Laem Son On, Songkhla City
Songkhla
–
French hydrographic / topographic map of Songkhla, during the reign of King Narai the Great, 1687.
11.
Islam in Thailand
–
Islam is a minority faith in Thailand, with recent statistics suggesting a population of around seven million, or almost 10 percent of the population. Figures as high as 12 percent of Thailands population have also been mentioned, most Thai Muslims belong to the Sunni branch, although Thailand has a diverse population which includes immigrants from around the world. However, the Thai Ministry of Foreign Affairs research indicates that only 18 percent of Thai Muslims live in three provinces. The rest are scattered throughout Thailand, with the largest concentrations being in Bangkok, in Siam Indian Muslims from the Coromandel Coast served as eunuchs in the Thai palace and court. Many Thai Muslims are ethnically and linguistically Thai, who are either hereditary Muslims, Muslims by intermarriage, ethnic Thai Muslims live mainly in the central and southern provinces - varying from entire Muslim communities to mixed settlements. Former Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army General Sonthi Boonyaratglin is an example of an indigenous Thai Muslim, Sonthi is of remote Persian ancestry. His ancestor, Sheikh Ahmad Qomi, was an Iranian expatriate trader who lived in the Ayutthaya Kingdom for 26 years, many Thais, including those of the Bunnag and Ahmadchula families trace their ancestry back to him. Sri Sulalai was a princess of the family of the Sultanate of Singora. Rama II of Siam took her as a concubine, in 1946 Prince Bhumibol and King Ananda toured the Tonson Mosque. In the three southernmost border provinces, the vast majority of the local Muslim population is predominantly Malay in origin and these people, known colloquially as Yawi, speak a dialect of Malay that is not understood by Thai speakers. This adds to the unique identity of Thai Malay Muslims. Similarly, there is an ethnic Thai minority in northern Malaysia, in the far north, as well as in select central and southern urban areas, there are pockets of Thai Muslims of Chinese Hui origin. Most Chinese Muslims belong to a group of people called Chin Ho or Haw in the Thai Language, some historians believed that the name Chin Ho can be explained to be a combination of Chin and Ho. The Chin Ho people, thus, can be seen as traders, one of the best known Chinese mosques is Baan Haw Mosque in Chiang Mai Province. Ethnic groups, such as the Rohingya are refugees who are scattered throughout Thailands refugee camps, rural fishing villages, as well as in small towns. Northern Thailand, as well as being home to many Chinese Muslims, also is home to many Burmese, see also Pakistanis in Thailand Other represented groups include Cham Muslims, originally from Cambodia who can be found between the mutual border and Bangkok as well as the deep south. In the 1700s and 1800s Cambodia-based Chams settled in Bangkok, Other groups include Indonesian Muslims, especially Bugis, Javanese and Minangkabau. For Thai Muslims, like their co-coreligionists in Southeast Asias other Buddhist-majority countries and it is also represents an annual opportunity to reaffirm Muslims status as Thai citizens and their allegiance to the monarchy
Islam in Thailand
–
Surat Thani Mosque
Islam in Thailand
–
The
Baan Haw Mosque of Chinese Muslims.
Islam in Thailand
–
Chinese Muslims walking inside a mosque in
Amphoe Pai, northern
Thailand
Islam in Thailand
–
Khao soi at a
Chinese Muslim restaurant in
Chiang Mai
12.
300 Years Mosque
–
The 300 Years Mosque also known as Al-Hussein Mosque or Talo Mano Mosque is one of the oldest mosques in Thailand. Located in Narathiwat, a province in Thailand, it is still in use today by the large Muslim community in the area. The mosque was built in 1634 to serve the newly settled Muslim community during that time and it is the oldest wooden mosque in Thailand. The 300 year mosque dates back to the Pattani Kingdom, when it was ruled by a sultan, the villagers in that area who were both Muslims and Buddhists built the mosque in 1634. They cooperated in the construction of the mosque, legend states that during the war between the Siamese Kingdom and the Pattani Kingdom, a young woman of a village in the Pattani Kingdom was fleeing from the war. She was the keeper of the village’s Quran and fled with it in her hands, upon fleeing, she fell into a small valley. Rescued by the villagers in that area, she surprised them as she had the Quran tight in her hands, the villagers so then decided to build the Mosque after the war ended. Another legend states that the mosque was built by Wan Husein Az-Sanawi, the hand-written Quran and the construction plan of the mosque are kept in the mosque itself. The mosque combines architectural styles from the Chinese, Thais. The mosque was built with wood from the tree and an ironwood tree. Because nails weren’t invented at that time, wedges were used instead to hold the wood into place, original roofing was made of palm tree leaves and it was later changed to terracotta tiles. The mosque consists of two buildings, the smaller building is where the mihrab is located and has three layers of roof. It is also where the Chinese-style minaret is located, the bigger building has more of Thai architectural influence with the Thai-style gable. The walls of buildings has etchings of Thai/Chinese/Malay designs and patterns. Most ceremonies held in the mosque are strictly Islamic ceremonies, although it also serves as a community centre, it still must be treated as a mosque. To prepare for the ASEAN community, the 300 year mosque received a 200-million Thai Baht fund from the government to renovate the mosque in early 2014, the plan will be implemented by the Southern Border Provinces Administrative Center. Renovations includes renovating the mosque, improving surrounding landscapes, and adding functions to the mosque, with the renovation, the mosque will hopefully attract more tourists. To enter the 300 Years Mosque, one must have permission from the local imam, one must also dress properly which means pants that covers the knee and a top that covers shoulders/cleavage
300 Years Mosque
–
300 Years Mosque
13.
Ban Ho Mosque
–
Hedaytul Islam Mosque, near the Chiang Mai Night Bazaar, is one of the biggest mosques in the province, and also one of the seven Chinese mosques in Chiang Mai. It was first built in nineteenth century by a group of Chinese people, called Chin Ho or Hui, mostly came from Yunnan. The present-day buildings were later, with an Arabic, rather than a Chinese style except in front of the prayer hall, where there is the Chinese phrase, 清真寺 or qingzhensi. Every Saturday and Sunday, there is a class for young Muslims, the mosque also receives 20 students each year for parents who cant afford to send their children to a government school
Ban Ho Mosque
–
On the left is the prayer hall, and on the right is the educational hall.
Ban Ho Mosque
–
The main building
14.
Darunaman Mosque
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Darun Aman Mosque or Ban Haw Mosque, is the biggest mosque in Chiang Rai Province. The mosque was one of the mosques in northern Thailand built by Hui people, the new building was opened on 27 December 2009, replacing the old one. It is a mixture of Chinese and Islamic architecture, the main structure is influenced by Persian architecture with Chinese decorations. The tip of the two minarets has been replaced with the small Chinese pavilion, instead of a typical Islamic dome and its total cost was around 20 million baht. Ban Ho Mosque, Chinese mosque, Chiang Mai Province Islam in Thailand Darunaman Mosque
Darunaman Mosque
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The current biggest mosque in
Chiang Rai.
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Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
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Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
Thailand
