Kulturkampf
Videos
The Kulturkampf was the seven-year political conflict between the Catholic Church in Germany led by Pope Pius IX and the Kingdom of Prussia, led by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, as well as other Germa
Pope Pius IX, c. 1878
Anti-Catholic caricature in the Munich Leuchtkugeln, 1848. A warning not to rejoice yet. The Catholic cleric as a fox and blind passenger on the wagon of progress, in order to later reverse the course of history.
Prussian Minister of Education Adalbert Falk, 1872
Otto von Bismarck, c. 1875
Otto von Bismarck
Videos
Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg, was a German statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany and served as its first chancellor
Kulturkampf
…the seven-year political conflict (1871–1878) between the Catholic Church in Germany led by Pope Pius IX and the Kingdom of Prussia, led by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, as well as other German states. The Prussian church-and-state political conflict was about the church's direct control over both education and…
Bismarck in 1885
Bismarck in 1833, at age 18
Bismarck in 1847, at age 32
Bismarck in 1863 with Roon (centre) and Moltke (right), the three leaders of Prussia in the 1860s