1.
The Doors
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The Doors were an American rock band formed in 1965 in Los Angeles, with vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger, and drummer John Densmore. They were unique and among the most controversial and influential acts of the 1960s, mostly because of Morrisons lyrics and charismatic. After Morrisons death in 1971 at age 27, the members continued as a trio until disbanding in 1973. Signing with Elektra Records in 1966, The Doors released eight albums between 1967 and 1971, All but one hit the Top 10 on the Billboard 200 and went platinum or better. By the end of 1971, it was reported that The Doors had sold 4,190,457 albums domestically and 7,750,642 singles. The band had three million-selling singles in the U. S. with Light My Fire, Hello, I Love You, after Morrisons death in 1971, the surviving trio released two albums Other Voices and Full Circle with Manzarek and Krieger sharing lead vocals. The three members also collaborated on the spoken word recording of Morrisons An American Prayer in 1978, Manzarek, Krieger and Densmore reunited in 2000 for an episode of VH1s Storytellers and subsequently recorded Stoned Immaculate, The Music of The Doors with a variety of vocalists. Although the Doors active career ended in 1973, their popularity has persisted, According to the RIAA, they have sold 33 million certified units in the US and over 100 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling bands of all time. The Doors have been listed as one of the greatest artists of all time by many magazines, including Rolling Stone, the Doors were the first American band to accumulate eight consecutive gold and platinum LPs. In 2002, Manzarek and Krieger started playing again, branding themselves as the Doors of the 21st Century. Densmore opted to sit out and, along with the Morrison estate, sued the duo over proper use of the bands name and won. After a short time as Riders On the Storm, they settled on the name Manzarek-Krieger and continued to tour until Manzareks death in 2013 at the age of 74. Three of the studio albums, the self-titled debut, L. A. Woman, and Strange Days, were featured in Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, at positions 42,362. According to The Washington Posts Martin Weil, the rose to the center of the counterculture of the 1960s. The Doors were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993, Morrison told Manzarek he had been writing songs and with Manzareks encouragement sang Moonlight Drive. The members came from a musical background of jazz, rock, blues. In August, Densmore joined the group, which had renamed the Doors. This has circulated widely since then as a bootleg recording, in mid-1965, after Manzareks two brothers left, the group recruited guitarist Robby Krieger and the best-known lineup – Morrison, Manzarek, Krieger and Densmore – was complete
2.
L.A. Woman
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L. A. Woman is the sixth studio album by the American rock band the Doors, released on April 19,1971, on Elektra Records. It is the last to feature the lead singer, Jim Morrison. It saw the band continue to integrate elements of blues back into their music and it was also recorded without long-time record producer Paul A. Rothchild, after he fell out over the bands studio performance. Subsequently, the band co-produced the album with engineer, Bruce Botnick. Love Her Madly was released as a single in March 1971, preceding the albums release, upon release, the album peaked at number nine on the Billboard 200 and reached number 28 on the UK Albums Charts. An additional single in support of the album, Riders on the Storm, also achieved success on Billboard. Promoters feared another episode like this, on September 20,1970, Morrison was convicted for the Miami incident. In a 1971 interview with Ben Fong-Torres, Morrison said of Miami, I think subconsciously I was trying to get across in that concert, I was trying to reduce it to absurdity. The new songs were a departure from the heavily orchestrated pieces on the earlier album The Soft Parade that burdened the group with long, drawn-out recording sessions. The simplified and straightforward style, progressing from Morrison Hotel, was well-received, noted by Jazz & Pop magazine as A return to the fury of early Doors music. The band conflicted with their company, Elektra Records, who released the Doors first compilation album,13. It was released without the input, and featured a large image of a younger Morrison. As their contract required one more album, the group were unable to follow through with the threat, record producer Paul A. Rothchild, who worked with the band on their first five albums, attended the early sessions but quit following friction with the band. This included his dissatisfaction with the song Love Her Madly, which he recalled drove out of the studio and he felt that recording the composition was a step backwards artistically, calling it cocktail music. Rothchild has said that the remark was directed toward Riders on the Storm, Rothchild also left because the group were slow in developing new material, especially as the band contained three songwriters. His enthusiasm with the band deteriorated further after he was unable to persuade Morrison to consistently attend rehearsals, Rothchild left before any master takes were complete, recommending that the Doors co-produce L. A. Woman with sound engineer Bruce Botnick. A mixing console previously owned by Elektra was installed upstairs in the Workshop, while studio monitors, microphones, to compensate for the lack of an isolated vocal booth, Morrison recorded in the bathroom doorway, singing into the same microphone used on the Doors final tour. For recording, the Doors hired Elvis Presleys bassist Jerry Scheff and rhythm guitarist Marc Benno to round out their sound, with Scheff, in particular, by all accounts, Morrison – a huge Presley fan – was excited by Scheffs participation
3.
Rock and roll
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While elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until the 1950s. For the purpose of differentiation, this deals with the first definition. The beat is essentially a blues rhythm with an accentuated backbeat, classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars, a double bass or string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. Beyond simply a style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and on television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes. In addition, rock and roll may have contributed to the civil rights movement because both African-American and white American teens enjoyed the music and it went on to spawn various genres, often without the initially characteristic backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply rock music or rock. The term rock and roll now has at least two different meanings, both in common usage, the American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both define rock and roll as synonymous with rock music. Encyclopædia Britannica, on the hand, regards it as the music that originated in the mid-1950s. In 1934, the song Rock and Roll by the Boswell Sisters appeared in the film Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round, in 1942, Billboard magazine columnist Maurie Orodenker started to use the term rock-and-roll to describe upbeat recordings such as Rock Me by Sister Rosetta Tharpe. By 1943, the Rock and Roll Inn in South Merchantville, in 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing this music style while popularizing the phrase to describe it. The origins of rock and roll have been debated by commentators. The migration of former slaves and their descendants to major urban centers such as St. The immediate roots of rock and roll lay in the rhythm and blues, then called race music, particularly significant influences were jazz, blues, gospel, country, and folk. The 1940s saw the use of blaring horns, shouted lyrics. In the same period, particularly on the West Coast and in the Midwest, similarly, country boogie and Chicago electric blues supplied many of the elements that would be seen as characteristic of rock and roll. Rock and roll arrived at a time of technological change, soon after the development of the electric guitar, amplifier and microphone. It was the realization that relatively affluent white teenagers were listening to music that led to the development of what was to be defined as rock. Because the development of rock and roll was a process, no single record can be identified as unambiguously the first rock. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
4.
Blues rock
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Blues rock is a fusion genre combining elements of blues and rock. It is mostly an electric ensemble-style music with similar to electric blues. From its beginnings in the early- to mid-1960s, blues rock has gone through several stylistic shifts and along the way inspired hard rock, Southern rock, Blues rock continues to be an influence, with performances and recordings by several popular artists. Blues rock started with rock musicians in the United Kingdom and the United States performing American blues songs. They typically recreated electric Chicago-style blues songs, such as those by Muddy Waters, Jimmy Reed, Howlin Wolf, and Albert King, at faster tempos and with a more aggressive sound common to rock. In the UK, the style was popularized by such as the Rolling Stones, the Yardbirds, and the Animals. In the US, Lonnie Mack, the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, in the US, Johnny Winter, the Allman Brothers Band, and ZZ Top represented a hard rock trend. Although around this time, AllMusic commented, the lines between rock and hard rock were barely visible, there was a return to more blues-influenced styles. Groups, such as the Jon Spencer Blues Explosion and the White Stripes, brought an edgier, more diverse style into the 2000s, Blues rock bands borrow the idea of an instrumental combo and loud amplification from rock & roll. It is also played at a fast tempo, again distinguishing it from the blues. The core blues rock sound is created by the guitar, bass guitar. Often bands also included a harmonica, usually called a harp, the electric guitar is usually amplified through a tube guitar amplifier or using an overdrive effect. While 1950s-era blues bands would still use the upright bass, the blues rock bands of the 1960s used the electric bass. Keyboard instruments, such as the piano and Hammond organ, are occasionally used. As with the guitar, the sound of the Hammond organ is typically amplified with a tube amplifier. Vocals also typically play a key role, although the vocals may be equal in importance or even subordinate to the guitar playing. As well, a number of rock pieces are instrumental-only. Blues-rock pieces often follow typical blues structures, such as blues, sixteen-bar blues
5.
Elektra Records
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Elektra Records is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, founded in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt. It played an important role in the development of folk music. In 2004, it was consolidated into WMGs Atlantic Records Group, after five years of dormancy, the label was revived as an imprint of Atlantic in 2009. The label has been run by Gregg Nadel since 2015 who officially became its president in 2017, Elektra was formed in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt in Holzmans St. Johns College dorm room. The usual spelling of the Greek mythological Pleiad Electra was changed, Holzman famously explained, I gave her the ‘K’ that I lacked. He found the C in the name too soft but liked the solid bite of the letter K. The first Elektra LP, New Songs, was a collection of Lieder and similar art songs, Holzman also recorded Josh White, who was without a record deal as a result of McCarthyite blacklisting. In 1964, Elektra launched Nonesuch Records and this classical budget label was the best-selling budget classical label of the era. In 1965, Elektra began a joint venture with Survey Music called Bounty Records which was Elektras first foray into pop music. The most notable signing for Bounty was the Paul Butterfield Band who was moved over to Elektra when Bounty folded, the labels most important signings were the Chicago-based Paul Butterfield Blues Band, the Los Angeles bands Love and The Doors, and the Detroit bands The Stooges and MC5. Included in Elektras LA signings were Tim Buckley and Bread, in 1968, the label also signed pioneering rock guitar soloist Lonnie Mack to a three-album deal. Also in 1967, Elektra launched its influential Nonesuch Explorer Series, excerpts from several Nonesuch Explorer recordings were later included on the two Voyager Golden Discs which were sent into deep space in 1977 aboard the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 space probes. Elektra, along with its Nonesuch Records subsidiary, was acquired by Kinney National Services in 1970, soon afterwards, Kinney consolidated their label holdings under the Warner-Elektra-Atlantic umbrella. Holzman remained in charge of Elektra until 1972, when it merged with Asylum Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records, Asylums founder, David Geffen, would head the newly combined label. Holzman, in the meantime, was appointed vice president and chief technologist for Warner — ushering the company into home video. Holzman also went on to acquire Discovery Records, in 1975, Geffen stepped down due to health problems. He would be replaced by Joe Smith, who went on to become CEO of Capitol Records. Although the company was listed as Elektra/Asylum Records on the label credits
6.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
7.
Jim Morrison
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James Douglas Jim Morrison was an American singer, songwriter, and poet, best remembered as the lead singer of the Doors. Morrison co-founded the Doors in the summer of 1965 in Venice, the band spent two years in obscurity until shooting to prominence with the #1 single in the USA, Light My Fire, taken from their first album. Morrison recorded a total of six albums with the Doors, all of which sold well. Though the Doors recorded two albums after his death, the loss of Morrison was crippling to the band. In 1993, Morrison, as a member of the Doors, was inducted into the Rock, since his death, his fame has endured as one of the popular cultures most rebellious and oft-displayed icons, representing the generation gap and youth counterculture. He was also known for improvising spoken word poetry passages while the band played live. Morrison was ranked number 47 on Rolling Stones list of the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time, Ray Manzarek, who co-founded The Doors with him, said Morrison embodied hippie counterculture rebellion. Morrison was sometimes referred to by nicknames, such as Lizard King, Mr. Mojo Risin. Morrison developed an alcohol dependency during the 1960s, which at times affected his performances on stage and he died at the age of 27 in Paris. As no autopsy was performed, the cause of Morrisons death is not known. Morrison is interred at Père Lachaise Cemetery in eastern Paris, Morrison had a sister, Anne Robin, who was born in 1947 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and a brother, Andrew Lee Morrison, who was born in 1948 in Los Altos, California. His ancestors were Scottish, Irish, and English, in 1947, Morrison, then four years old, allegedly witnessed a car accident in the desert, in which a family of Native Americans were injured and possibly killed. Morrison believed this incident to be the most formative event of his life, and made repeated references to it in the imagery in his songs, poems and his family does not recall this incident happening in the way he told it. According to the Morrison biography No One Here Gets Out Alive, Morrisons family did drive past a car accident on an Indian reservation when he was a child, and he was very upset by it. The book The Doors, written by the members of the Doors. This book quotes his father as saying, We went by several Indians and it did make an impression on him. He always thought about that crying Indian and this is contrasted sharply with Morrisons tale of Indians scattered all over the highway, bleeding to death. In the same book, his sister is quoted as saying, He enjoyed telling that story and he said he saw a dead Indian by the side of the road, and I dont even know if thats true
8.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
9.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
10.
Bridge (music)
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In music, especially western popular music, a bridge is a contrasting section that prepares for the return of the original material section. The bridge may be the third eight-bar phrase in a form, or may be used more loosely in verse-chorus form, or, in a compound AABA form. The term comes from a German word for bridge, Steg, the bridge is often used to contrast with and prepare for the return of the verse and the chorus. The b section of the song chorus is often called the bridge or release. For example, the B of AABA in thirty-two-bar form, with the surrounding the whole. While the bridge in verse-chorus and other forms is C, for example, lyrically, the bridge is typically used to pause and reflect on the earlier portions of the song or to prepare the listener for the climax. The term may refer to the section between the verse and the chorus, though this is more commonly called the pre-chorus or link. Similarly, in the Axis of Awesome song This Is How You Write a Love Song, in the song Get Up Sex Machine, James Brown asks if he can take the band to the bridge. Led Zeppelin makes an in-joke regarding the use of bridges in popular music in their song The Crunge, asking, at the end, the song, humorously, does not have a bridge. Bridges are also common in music, and are known as a specific Sequence form—also known as transitions. The latter work also provides good examples of a short bridge to smooth a modulation. Instead of simply repeating the whole exposition in the key, as would be done in a symphony of the classical period. A two-bar bridge achieves this transition with Franks characteristic combination of enharmonic and chromatic modulation, after the repeat of the first subject, another bridge of four bars leads into the transition theme in F major, the key of the true second subject. In a fugue, a bridge is. a short passage at the end of the first entrance of the answer and its purpose is to modulate back to the tonic key from the answer. Not all fugues include a bridge, an example of a bridge-passage that separates two sections of a more loosely organized work occurs in George Gershwins An American in Paris. As Deems Taylor described it in the notes for the first performance. The Americans itinerary becomes somewhat obscured, however, since what immediately ensues is technically known as a bridge-passage, one is reasonably justified in assuming that the Gershwin pen. has perpetrated a musical pun and that. Our American has crossed the Seine, and is somewhere on the Left Bank, break Montgomery-Ward bridge Sears Roebuck bridge Song structure Appen, Ralf von / Frei-Hauenschild, Markus AABA, Refrain, Chorus, Bridge, Prechorus — Song Forms and their Historical Development
11.
Anagram
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The original word or phrase is known as the subject of the anagram. Any word or phrase that exactly reproduces the letters in order is an anagram. Someone who creates anagrams may be called an anagrammatist, and the goal of a serious or skilled anagrammatist is to produce anagrams that in some way reflect or comment on their subject, Anagrams are often used as a form of mnemonic device. Such an anagram may be a synonym or antonym of its subject, a parody and it sometimes changes a proper noun or personal name into a sentence, such as with William Shakespeare = I am a weakish speller or Madam Curie = Radium came. It can change parts of speech, such as the adjective silent to the verb listen, Anagrams itself can be anagrammatized as Ars magna. Anagrams can be traced back to the time of Moses, as Themuru or changing and they were popular throughout Europe during the Middle Ages, for example with the poet and composer Guillaume de Machaut. They are said to go back at least to the Greek poet Lycophron, in the third century BCE, Anagrams in Latin were considered witty over many centuries. Est vir qui adest, explained below, was cited as the example in Samuel Johnsons A Dictionary of the English Language, any historical material on anagrams must always be interpreted in terms of the assumptions and spellings that were current for the language in question. In particular, spelling in English only slowly became fixed, there were attempts to regulate anagram formation, an important one in English being that of George Puttenhams Of the Anagram or Posy Transposed in The Art of English Poesie. The origins of these are not documented, Latin continued to influence letter values. There was a tradition of allowing anagrams to be perfect if the letters were all used once. This can be seen in a popular Latin anagram against the Jesuits, Societas Jesu turned into Vitiosa seces, the rules were not completely fixed in the 17th century. When it comes to the 17th century and anagrams in English or other languages, the lawyer Thomas Egerton was praised through the anagram gestat honorem, the physician George Ent took the anagrammatic motto genio surget, which requires his first name as Georgius. James Is courtiers discovered in James Stuart a just master, walter Quin, tutor to the future Charles I, worked hard on multilingual anagrams on the name of father James. Dryden in MacFlecknoe disdainfully called the pastime the torturing of one poor word ten thousand ways, an example from France was a flattering anagram for Cardinal Richelieu, comparing him to Hercules or at least one of his hands, where Armand de Richelieu became Ardue main dHercule. Examples from the century are the transposition of Horatio Nelson into Honor est a Nilo. With the advent of surrealism as a movement, anagrams regained the artistic respect they had had in the Baroque period. The German poet Unica Zürn, who made use of anagram techniques, came to regard obsession with anagrams as a dangerous fever
12.
Santa Monica Boulevard
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Santa Monica Boulevard is a major west-east thoroughfare in Los Angeles County. It breaks off Sunset Boulevard at Sunset Junction and ends at Ocean Avenue in Santa Monica near the Pacific Ocean, the western terminus of Santa Monica Boulevard is at Ocean Avenue near the Pacific Ocean. From there until the San Diego Freeway, Santa Monica Boulevard is an urban commercial street. It assumes the designation California State Route 2 between Lincoln Boulevard and the Hollywood Freeway, Santa Monica Boulevard, being a major street, is for most of its length at least four lanes wide. Most of the Westside car dealerships are located on Santa Monica Boulevard, after Sepulveda Boulevard, Santa Monica Boulevard passes by Century City and its shopping center, and intersects with Wilshire Boulevard in Beverly Hills. After intersecting with Wilshire in Beverly Hills, Santa Monica Boulevard continues northeast towards West Hollywood, spanning Beverly Boulevard, at Holloway Drive, in the middle of West Hollywood, Santa Monica, now north of Melrose Avenue turns to run east. In West Hollywood, between Doheny Drive and Fairfax Avenue along Santa Monica Boulevard, bronze plaques are embedded in the sidewalks as part of the West Hollywood Memorial Walk. One of the most famous spots for prostitution and transgender prostitution is Santa Monica Boulevard in the Hollywood area. The original southern end of California State Route 170 was at the intersection with Highland Avenue, Santa Monica Boulevard merges on its eastern end with Sunset Boulevard in the Sunset Junction neighborhood of Silver Lake. After Rexford Drive, Little Santa Monica turns east, becoming Burton Way, Burton Way merges into San Vicente Boulevard at its intersection with La Cienega Boulevard. Metro Local line 4, Metro Rapid line 704 and Santa Monica Transit Line 1 operate on Santa Monica Boulevard, the Metro Red Line serves an underground station on Santa Monica Boulevard at its intersection with Vermont Avenue
13.
West Hollywood, California
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West Hollywood, occasionally referred to locally as WeHo, is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Incorporated in 1984, it is home to the Sunset Strip, as of the 2010 census, its population was 34,399. It is considered one of the most prominent gay villages in the United States, the citys irregular boundary is featured in its logo, it was largely formed from the unincorporated Los Angeles County area that had not become part of the surrounding cities. West Hollywood benefits from a dense, compact urban form with small lots, mixed land use. According to Walkscore, a website that ranks cities based on walkability, commercial corridors include the nightlife and dining focused on the Sunset Strip, along Santa Monica Boulevard, and the Avenues of Art & Design along Robertson, Melrose, and Beverly Boulevard. Major intersecting streets typically provide amenities within walking distance of adjacent neighborhoods, West Hollywood has a Subtropical-semi-arid climate with year-round warm weather. The record high temperature of 111 °F was recorded September 26,1963, snow is rare in West Hollywood, with the last accumulation occurring in 1949. Rainfall is sparse, and falls mainly during winter months, around 5,000 of the indigenous inhabitants from the Tongva Indian tribe canoed out to greet Juan Cabrillo. The Tongva tribe was a nation of hunter-gatherers known for their reverence of dance, by 1771, these native people had been severely ravaged by diseases brought in by the Europeans from across wide oceans. The Spanish mission system changed the name to Gabrielinos, in reference to the Mission de San Gabriel. The Gabrielinos are believed to have burned the pitch for fuel, by 1780, what became the Sunset Strip was the major connecting road for El Pueblo de Los Angeles, and all ranches westward to the Pacific Ocean. This land passed through the hands of owners during the next one hundred years. Most of this area was part of the Rancho La Brea, Sherman became the location of the railroads main shops, railroad yards, and car barns. Many working-class employees of the railroad settled in this town and it was during this time that the city began to earn its reputation as a loosely regulated, liquor-friendly place for eccentric people wary of government interference. Despite several annexation attempts, the town elected not to part of the City of Los Angeles. For many years, the area that is now the city of West Hollywood was an area in the midst of Los Angeles. Because gambling was illegal in the city of Los Angeles, but still legal in Los Angeles County and these businesses were immune from the sometimes heavy-handed law-enforcement of the L. A. Some people connected with movie-making were attracted to this area of the County
14.
Reverberation
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Reverberation, in psychoacoustics and acoustics, is the persistence of sound after a sound is produced. This is most noticeable when the sound source stops but the reflections continue, decreasing in amplitude, until they reach zero amplitude. In comparison to an echo that is a minimum of 50 to 100 ms after the initial sound. As time passes, the amplitude of the reflections is reduced until it is reduced to zero, Reverberation is not limited to indoor spaces as it exists in forests and other outdoor environments where reflection exists. Reverberation occurs naturally when a person sings, talks or plays an instrument acoustically in a hall or performance space with sound-reflective surfaces. The sound of reverberation is often added to the vocals of singers in live sound systems. The time it takes for a signal to drop by 60 dB is the reverberation time, RT60 is the time required for reflections of a direct sound to decay 60 dB. Reverberation time is stated as a single value, if measured as a wide band signal, however, being frequency dependent. Being frequency dependent, the time measured in narrow bands will differ depending on the frequency band being measured. For precision, it is important to know what ranges of frequencies are being described by a time measurement. In the late 19th century, Wallace Clement Sabine started experiments at Harvard University to investigate the impact of absorption on the reverberation time. Using a portable wind chest and organ pipes as a sound source and he found that the reverberation time is proportional to room dimensions and inversely proportional to the amount of absorption present. The optimum reverberation time for a space in which music is played depends on the type of music that is to be played in the space, rooms used for speech typically need a shorter reverberation time so that speech can be understood more clearly. If the reflected sound from one syllable is still heard when the syllable is spoken. Cat, Cab, and Cap may all sound very similar, if on the other hand the reverberation time is too short, tonal balance and loudness may suffer. Reverberation effects are used in studios to add depth to sounds. Reverberation changes the perceived spectral structure of a sound, but does not alter the pitch, basic factors that affect a rooms reverberation time include the size and shape of the enclosure as well as the materials used in the construction of the room. Every object placed within the enclosure can also affect this time, including people
15.
Jerry Scheff
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Jerry Obern Scheff is an American bassist, best known for his work with Elvis Presley in the 1960s and 1970s as a member of his TCB Band and his work on The Doors final recordings. Scheff grew up in the Vallejo, California, after serving in the U. S. Navy he returned to California, ending up in Los Angeles as a session musician. After working at the Sands nightclub in Los Angeles with 16-year-old Billy Preston, Merry Clayton and that success led to other early record appearances with Bobby Sherman, Johnny Mathis, Johnny Rivers, Neil Diamond, Nancy Sinatra, Pat Boone, Sammy Davis Jr. Bobby Vinton, The Monkees, The Everly Brothers, and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, in 1971, he appeared on L. A. Woman, the final album recorded by The Doors, playing bass on every track. In July 1969, Scheff became a member of Elvis Presleys touring TCB Band, with the band, he performed in concert with Presley from July 1969 to February 1973 and from April 1975 until Presleys final show on June 26,1977 at the Market Square Arena in Indianapolis. He appears on Aloha from Hawaii, Back In Memphis, Thats The Way It Is, Elvis As Recorded At Madison Square Garden, the movie from 1972 Elvis On Tour. In later years, Scheff worked with Willy DeVille, Bob Dylan, John Denver, Elvis Costello, The Doors, Sam Phillips, Richard Thompson, Scheff also was a bassist for Southern Pacific on their debut album. He also participated in the 1987 cable television concert Roy Orbison and Friends, A Black, in June 2009 he gave a sold out performance in Breda, Netherlands with the remaining TCB bandmembers. Scheff has stopped touring with the TCB band due to creative, Scheff has three sons, Jason, Darin, and Lauren Scheff. Jason was the bassist for the band Chicago from 1985 until May 2016, Jason Scheff co-wrote the song Bigger Than Elvis as a tribute to his father Jerry, featuring himself on vocals and Jerry on the bass guitar. As of 2010, Scheff splits his time between his native California and his home in a village in Northumberland, England with his wife Natalie. Scheff wrote the 2012 musical autobiography titled Way Down, Playing Bass with Elvis, Dylan, the Doors, in 2013 and 2014, Scheff performed two concerts in Birmingham with the singer Janson Bloomer, playing the greatest hits of Elvis Presley, Bob Dylan, and the Doors
16.
My Country, 'Tis of Thee
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My Country, Tis of Thee, also known as America, is an American patriotic song, whose lyrics were written by Samuel Francis Smith. The melody used is the same as that of the anthem of the United Kingdom, God Save the Queen. The song served as one of the de facto national anthems of the United States before the adoption of The Star-Spangled Banner as the anthem in 1931. Samuel Francis Smith wrote the lyrics to My Country Tis of Thee in 1831, while he was a student at the Andover Theological Seminary in Andover and his friend Lowell Mason had asked him to translate the lyrics in some German school songbooks or to write new lyrics. A melody in Muzio Clementis Symphony No.3 caught his attention, rather than translating the lyrics from German, Smith wrote his own American patriotic hymn to the melody, completing the lyrics in thirty minutes. Smith gave Mason the lyrics he had written and the song was first performed in public on July 4,1831, first publication of America was in 1832. 1 My country, tis of thee, Sweet land of liberty, Of thee I sing, Land where my fathers died, Land of the pilgrims pride, From evry mountainside Let freedom ring. 2 My native country, thee, Land of the free, Thy name I love, I love thy rocks and rills, Thy woods and templed hills, My heart with rapture thrills. 3 Let music swell the breeze, And ring from all the trees Sweet freedoms song, Let mortal tongues awake, Let all that breathe partake, Let rocks their silence break,4 Our fathers God to Thee, Author of liberty, To Thee we sing. Long may our land be bright, With freedoms holy light, Protect us by Thy might, Great God our King. 7 Thy silver Eastern strands, Thy Golden Gate that stands Fronting the West, Thy flowery Southland fair, Thy Norths sweet, crystal air, O Land beyond compare, We love thee best. 9 My native country, thee, Where all men are free, if white’s their skin, I love thy hills and dales, Thy mounts and pleasant vales, But hate thy negro sales. 10 Let wailing swell the breeze, And ring from all the trees the black man’s wrong, Let every tongue awake, Let bond and free partake, Let rocks their silence break, the sound prolong. To thee, Author of Liberty, to thee we sing, Soon may our land be bright, With holy freedom’s right, Protect us by thy might, Great God, our King. 12 It comes, the day, When tyranny’s proud sway, stern as the grave, Shall to the ground be hurl’d, And freedom’s flag, unfurl’d, Shall wave throughout the world. Echo o’er land and sea freedom for all, Let the glad tidings fly, And every tribe reply, “Glory to God on high, ” at Slavery’s fall. Marian Anderson performed the song at the Lincoln Memorial on Easter Sunday, cary Grant and Jim Hutton sang the first verse in the 1966 film Walk, Dont Run, while simultaneously Grant and Samantha Eggar sang God Save the Queen. Crosby, Stills & Nash performed the song on the first episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno to air after the September 11 attacks in 2001, on January 20,2009, Aretha Franklin sang the song at the first inauguration of President Barack Obama
17.
Ray Manzarek
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Manzarek was notable for performing on a keyboard bass during many live shows and some recordings, taking on a role usually filled by a bass guitar player. He recorded on track of all eight Doors studio albums. He was a member of Nite City from 1977 to 1978. Raymond Daniel Manczarek, Jr. was born and raised on the South Side of Chicago and he was born to Polish immigrants Helena and Raymond Manczarek, Sr. Growing up, he took piano lessons from Bruno Michelotti. He originally wanted to play basketball, but he wanted to only power forward or center. When he was sixteen his coach insisted either he play guard or not at all, Manzarek said later if it was not for that ultimatum, he might never have been with The Doors. He went to Everett Elementary School on South Bell Street and attended St. Rita of Cascia High School and he graduated from the Universitys College of Commerce with a degree in economics in 1960. In the fall of 1961, Manzarek briefly enrolled at the University of California, while in the Army, Manzarek played in various musical ensembles and first smoked and grew cannabis. However, because he wanted to eventually visit Poland, he refused to sign the security clearance and was discharged as a private first class after several months of undesignated duty. In 1962, he re-enrolled in UCLAs graduate film program, where he received a M. F. A. in cinematography in 1965, during this period, he met future wife Dorothy Fujikawa and undergraduate film student Jim Morrison. At the time, Manzarek was in a band called Rick & the Ravens with his brothers Rick, forty days after finishing film school, thinking they had gone their separate ways, Manzarek and Morrison met by chance on Venice Beach in California. Morrison said he had some songs, and Manzarek expressed an interest in hearing them, whereupon Morrison sang rough versions of Moonlight Drive, My Eyes Have Seen You. Manzarek liked the songs and co-founded the Doors with Morrison at that moment, Manzarek met guitarist Robby Krieger and drummer John Densmore at a Transcendental Meditation lecture. Densmore said, There wouldnt be any Doors without Maharishi, in January 1966, the Doors became the house band at the London Fog on the Sunset Strip. According to Manzarek, Nobody ever came in the place. an occasional sailor or two on leave, a few drunks, all in all it was a very depressing experience, but it gave us time to really get the music together. The same day the Doors were fired from the London Fog, the Doors first recording contract was with Columbia Records. After a few months of inactivity, they learned they were on Columbias drop list, at that point, they asked to be released from their contract
18.
MTV
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MTV is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1,1981, the originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as video jockeys. In its early years, MTVs main target demographic was young adults and it has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTVs influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years, in recent years, MTV had struggled with the secular decline of music-related cable media. In April 2016, MTV announced it would start to return to its original music roots with the reintroduction of the classic MTV series MTV Unplugged. It was also reported that the series MTV Cribs would be making a return on Snapchat, MTV has spawned numerous sister channels in the US and affiliated channels internationally, some of which have gone independent. As of July 2015, approximately 92,188,000 US households have received MTV, several earlier concepts for music video-based television programming had been around since the early 1960s. The Beatles had used music videos to promote their records starting in the mid-1960s, CBS rejected the idea, but Williams premiered his own musical composition Classical Gas on the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, where he was head writer. The series featured clips from various popular artists, but was canceled by its distributor in 1971. The channel, which featured video disc jockeys, signed a deal with US Cable in 1978 to expand its audience from retail to cable television, the service was no longer active by the time MTV launched in 1981. The QUBE system offered many specialized channels, One of these specialized channels was Sight on Sound, a music channel that featured concert footage and music-oriented television programs. With the interactive QUBE service, viewers could vote for their favorite songs, the original programming format of MTV was created by media executive Robert W. Pittman, who later became president and chief executive officer of MTV Networks. Pittman had test-driven the music format by producing and hosting a 15-minute show, Album Tracks, the inspiration for PopClips came from a similar program on New Zealands TVNZ network named Radio with Pictures, which premiered in 1976. The concept itself had been in the works since 1966, when record companies began supplying the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation with promotional music clips to play on the air at no charge. Few artists made the trip to New Zealand to appear live. A shortened version of the shuttle launch ID ran at the top of hour in various forms. The first music video shown on MTV was The Buggles Video Killed the Radio Star and this was followed by the video for Pat Benatars You Better Run. Sporadically, the screen would go black when an employee at MTV inserted a tape into a VCR, MTVs lower third graphics that appeared near the beginning and end of music videos would eventually use the recognizable Kabel typeface for about 25 years
19.
Yellow
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Yellow is the color between green and orange on the spectrum of visible light. It is evoked by light with a predominant wavelength of roughly 570–590 nm, in traditional color theory, used in painting, and in the subtractive color system, used in color printing, yellow is a primary color. In the RGB color model, used to create colors on television and computer screens, yellow is made by combining red, the word yellow comes from the Old English geolu, geolwe, meaning yellow, yellowish, derived from the Proto-Germanic word gelwaz yellow. It has the same Indo-European base, gʰel-, as the gold and yell. In Iran it has connotations of pallor/sickness, but also wisdom and it plays an important role in Asian culture, particularly in China, where it is seen as the color of happiness, glory, wisdom, harmony, and culture. The word yellow comes from the Old English geolu, geolwe, meaning yellow, yellowish and it has the same Indo-European base, gʰel-, as the words gold and yell, gʰel- means both bright and gleaming, and to cry out. The English term is related to other Germanic words for yellow, namely Scots yella, East Frisian jeel, West Frisian giel, Dutch geel, German gelb, and Swedish and Norwegian gul. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the oldest known use of word in English is from The Epinal Glossary in 700. Yellow, in the form of yellow pigment made from clay, was one of the first colors used in prehistoric cave art. The cave of Lascaux has an image of a horse colored with yellow estimated to be 17,300 years old, in Ancient Egypt, yellow was associated with gold, which was considered to be imperishable, eternal and indestructible. The skin and bones of the gods were believed to be made of gold, the Egyptians used yellow extensively in tomb paintings, they usually used either yellow ochre or the brilliant orpiment, though it was made of arsenic and was highly toxic. A small paintbox with orpiment pigment was found in the tomb of King Tutankhamun, men were always shown with brown faces, women with yellow ochre or gold faces. The ancient Romans used yellow in their paintings to represent gold and it is found frequently in the murals of Pompeii. During the Post-Classical period, yellow became firmly established as the color of Judas Iscariot, from this connection, yellow also took on associations with envy, jealousy and duplicity. The tradition started in the Renaissance of marking non-Christian outsiders, such as Jews, in 16th century Spain, those accused of heresy and who refused to renounce their views were compelled to come before the Spanish Inquisition dressed in a yellow cape. The color yellow has been associated with moneylenders and finance. The National Pawnbrokers Associations logo depicts three golden spheres hanging from a bar, referencing the three bags of gold that the saint of pawnbroking, St. Nicholas, holds in his hands. Additionally, the symbol of three golden orbs is found in the coat of arms of the House of Medici, a fifteenth century Italian dynasty of bankers and lenders
20.
A4 paper
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ISO216 specifies international standard paper sizes used in most countries in the world today, although not in Canada or the United States. The standard defines the A and B series of sizes, including A4. Two supplementary standards, ISO217 and ISO269, define related paper sizes, all ISO216, ISO217 and ISO269 paper sizes have the same aspect ratio,1, √2, at least to within the rounding to whole numbers of millimetres. This ratio has the property that when cut or folded in half widthwise. Each ISO paper size is one half of the area of the larger size. In 1786, the German scientist Georg Christoph Lichtenberg described the advantages of basing a paper size on a ratio of 2 in a letter to Johann Beckmann. The formats that became ISO paper sizes A2, A3, B3, B4 and they were listed in a 1798 law on taxation of publications that was based in part on page sizes. The main advantage of this system is its scaling, the ISO system of paper sizes exploit these properties of the 2 aspect ratio. In each series of sizes, the largest size is numbered 0, a folded brochure can be made by using a sheet of the next larger size (for example, an A4 sheet is folded in half to make a brochure with size A5 pages. An office photocopier or printer can be designed to reduce a page from A4 to A5 or to enlarge a page from A4 to A3, similarly, two sheets of A4 can be scaled down to fit one A4 sheet without excess empty paper. This system also simplifies calculating the weight paper, under ISO536, papers grammage is defined as a sheets weight in grams per area in square metres. Since an A0 sheet has an area of 1 m2, its weight in grams is the same as its grammage, one can derive the grammage of other sizes by arithmetic division in g/m2. A standard A4 sheet made from 80 g/m2 paper weighs 5 g, thus the weight, and the associated postage rate, can be easily approximated by counting the number of sheets used.414 aspect ratio, rounded to the nearest millimetre. A0 is defined so that it has an area of 1 square metre before rounding. Successive paper sizes in the series are defined by halving the length of the paper size. The most frequently used of this series is the size A4 which is 210 mm ×297 mm, for comparison, the letter paper size commonly used in North America is approximately 6 mm wider and 18 mm shorter than A4. The geometric rationale behind the root of 2 is to maintain the aspect ratio of each subsequent rectangle after cutting or folding an A series sheet in half. The formula that gives the border of the paper size An in metres and without rounding off is the geometric sequence
21.
Paper
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Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. It is a material with many uses, including writing, printing, packaging, cleaning. The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading its production, the oldest known archaeological fragments of the immediate precursor to modern paper, date to the 2nd century BC in China. The pulp papermaking process is ascribed to Cai Lun, a 2nd-century AD Han court eunuch, with paper as an effective substitute for silk in many applications, China could export silk in greater quantity, contributing to a Golden Age. Because of papers introduction to the West through the city of Baghdad, in the 19th century, industrial manufacture greatly lowered its cost, enabling mass exchange of information and contributing to significant cultural shifts. In 1844, the Canadian inventor Charles Fenerty and the German F. G. Keller independently developed processes for pulping wood fibres, before the industrialisation of the paper production the most common fibre source was recycled fibres from used textiles, called rags. The rags were from hemp, linen and cotton, a process for removing printing inks from recycled paper was invented by German jurist Justus Claproth in 1774. Today this method is called deinking and it was not until the introduction of wood pulp in 1843 that paper production was not dependent on recycled materials from ragpickers. The word paper is etymologically derived from Latin papyrus, which comes from the Greek πάπυρος, although the word paper is etymologically derived from papyrus, the two are produced very differently and the development of the first is distinct from the development of the second. Papyrus is a lamination of natural plant fibres, while paper is manufactured from fibres whose properties have changed by maceration. To make pulp from wood, a chemical pulping process separates lignin from cellulose fibres and this is accomplished by dissolving lignin in a cooking liquor, so that it may be washed from the cellulose, this preserves the length of the cellulose fibres. Paper made from chemical pulps are also known as wood-free papers–not to be confused with paper, this is because they do not contain lignin. The pulp can also be bleached to produce paper, but this consumes 5% of the fibres, chemical pulping processes are not used to make paper made from cotton. There are three main chemical pulping processes, the process dates back to the 1840s and it was the dominant method extent before the second world war. Most pulping operations using the process are net contributors to the electricity grid or use the electricity to run an adjacent paper mill. Another advantage is that this process recovers and reuses all inorganic chemical reagents, soda pulping is another specialty process used to pulp straws, bagasse and hardwoods with high silicate content. There are two major mechanical pulps, thermomechanical pulp and groundwood pulp, in the TMP process, wood is chipped and then fed into steam heated refiners, where the chips are squeezed and converted to fibres between two steel discs. In the groundwood process, debarked logs are fed into grinders where they are pressed against rotating stones to be made into fibres
22.
Lyrics
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Lyrics are words that make up a song usually consisting of verses and choruses. The writer of lyrics is a lyricist, the words to an extended musical composition such as an opera are, however, usually known as a libretto and their writer, as a librettist. The meaning of lyrics can either be explicit or implicit, some lyrics are abstract, almost unintelligible, and, in such cases, their explication emphasizes form, articulation, meter, and symmetry of expression. Rappers can also create lyrics with a variation of rhyming words or words that create, Lyric derives via Latin lyricus from the Greek λυρικός, the adjectival form of lyre. It first appeared in English in the century in reference, to the Earl of Surreys translations of Petrarch. Stainer and Barrett used the word as a substantive, Lyric, poetry or blank verse intended to be set to music. By the 1930s, the present use of the plurale tantum lyrics had begun, the singular form lyric still appears, its present use, however, is to refer to a specific phrase within a songs lyrics. The differences between poem and song may become less meaningful where verse is set to music, to the point that any distinction becomes untenable and this is perhaps recognised in the way popular songs have lyrics. However, the verse may pre-date its tune, or the tune may be lost over time but the words survive, nursery rhymes may be songs, or doggerel, the term doesnt imply a distinction. The ghazal is a form that is considered primarily poetic. See also rapping, roots of hip hop music, analogously, verse drama might normally be judged as poetry, but not consisting of poems. In Baroque music, melodies and their lyrics where prose, rather than paired lines they consist of rhetorical sentences or paragraphs consisting of an opening gesture, an amplification, and a close, in German Vordersatz-Fortspinnung-Epilog. For example, When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child, But when I became a man, I put away childish things. -1 Corinthians 13,11 In the lyrics of music a shifter is a word, often a pronoun, where reference varies according to who is speaking, when. For example, who is the my of My Generation, see Royalties Currently, there are many websites featuring song lyrics. This offering, however, is controversial, since some sites include copyrighted lyrics offered without the holders permission, music Publishers Association, which represents sheet music companies, launched a legal campaign against such websites in December 2005. The MPAs president, Lauren Keiser, said the free lyrics web sites are completely illegal, Lyrics licenses could be obtained worldwide through one of the two aggregators, LyricFind and Musixmatch. The first company to provide licensed lyrics was Yahoo, quickly followed by MetroLyrics and Lyrics. com
23.
Auction
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An auction is a process of buying and selling goods or services by offering them up for bid, taking bids, and then buying the item to the highest bidder. The open ascending price auction is arguably the most common form of auction in use today, participants bid openly against one another, with each subsequent bid required to be higher than the previous bid. An auctioneer may announce prices, bidders may call out their bids themselves, in economic theory, an auction may refer to any mechanism or set of trading rules for exchange. The word auction is derived from the Latin augeō which means I increase or I augment, for most of history, auctions have been a relatively uncommon way to negotiate the exchange of goods and commodities. In practice, both haggling and sale by set-price have been more common. Indeed, before the century the few auctions that were held were sporadic. Nonetheless, auctions have a history, having been recorded as early as 500 B. C. According to Herodotus, in Babylon auctions of women for marriage were held annually, the auctions began with the woman the auctioneer considered to be the most beautiful and progressed to the least. It was considered illegal to allow a daughter to be sold outside of the auction method, during the Roman Empire, following military victory, Roman soldiers would often drive a spear into the ground around which the spoils of war were left, to be auctioned off. Later slaves, often captured as the spoils of war, were auctioned in the forum under the sign of the spear, the Romans also used auctions to liquidate the assets of debtors whose property had been confiscated. For example, Marcus Aurelius sold household furniture to pay off debts, One of the most significant historical auctions occurred in the year 193 A. D. when the entire Roman Empire was put on the auction block by the Praetorian Guard. On March 23 The Praetorian Guard first killed emperor Pertinax, then offered the empire to the highest bidder, didius Julianus outbid everyone else for the price of 6,250 drachmas per guard, an act that initiated a brief civil war. Didius was then beheaded two months later when Septimius Severus conquered Rome, from the end of the Roman Empire to the eighteenth century auctions lost favor in Europe, while they had never been widespread in Asia. In some parts of England during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries auction by candle began to be used for the sale of goods and leaseholds, sometimes, other unpredictable processes, such as a footrace, were used in place of the expiration of a candle. This type of auction was first mentioned in 1641 in the records of the House of Lords, the practice rapidly became popular, and in 1660 Samuel Pepyss diary recorded two occasions when the Admiralty sold surplus ships by an inch of candle. The London Gazette began reporting on the auctioning of artwork at the coffeehouses, the first known auction house in the world was Stockholm Auction House, Sweden, founded by Baron Claes Rålamb in 1674. Other early auction houses that are still in operation include Dorotheum, Mallams, Bonhams, Phillips de Pury & Company, Freemans, by the end of the 18th century, auctions of art works were commonly held in taverns and coffeehouses. These auctions were held daily, and auction catalogs were printed to announce available items, in some cases these catalogs were elaborate works of art themselves, containing considerable detail about the items being auctioned
24.
United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
25.
Rhodes piano
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The Rhodes piano is an electric piano invented by Harold Rhodes, which became particularly popular throughout the 1970s. The instrument evolved from Rhodes attempt to manufacture pianos to teach recovering soldiers during World War II under a strict budget, Fender started marketing the Piano Bass, a cut-down version of the piano, but the full-size instrument did not appear until after the sale to CBS in 1965. CBS oversaw mass production of the Rhodes piano in the 1970s, and it was used extensively through the decade, particularly in jazz, pop, the company was eventually sold to Roland, who manufactured digital versions of the Rhodes without authorization or approval from its inventor. In the 1990s, the instrument enjoyed a resurgence in popularity, although Harold Rhodes died in 2000, the instrument has since been reissued, and his teaching methods are still receiving active use. The Rhodes piano features a keyboard with a layout to a traditional acoustic piano. The touch and action of the keyboard is designed to be as close to a piano as possible, pressing a key results in a hammer striking a thin metal rod called a tine, connected to a larger tone bar. The whole tone generator assembly acts as a fork, the tone bar reinforcing and extending the vibrations of the tine. A pickup sits opposite the tine, picking up its vibrations, the Suitcase model Rhodes includes a built-in power amplifier and a tremolo feature that bounces the output signal from the piano in stereo across two speakers. This feature is mistakenly labeled vibrato on some models to be consistent with the labelling on Fender amplifiers, although the Rhodes has the same mechanical operation as a piano, its sound is very different. The sound produced by the tines has a mellow timbre. Putting the two close together gives a bell sound. The instruments sound has been compared with the Wurlitzer electric piano, which uses a similar technology. The Rhodes has a sustain, while the Wurlitzer produces significant harmonics when the keys are played hard. Rhodes started teaching piano when he was 19 and he dropped out of studying at the University of Southern California in 1929 to support his family through the Great Depression by full-time teaching. As a teacher, he designed a method that combined classical and jazz music, which became popular across the United States, Rhodes continued to teach the piano through his lifetime, and the piano method continues to be taught today by a team led by Joseph Brandsetter. By 1942, Rhodes was working for the Army Air Corps and he was unable to supply enough acoustic pianos, so decided to develop a miniature electric model that could be made from surplus army parts. Rhodes won a award for his piano design and subsequently put the model into production for piano teachers during the 1950s. These were retrospectively known as the Pre-Piano, in 1959, Rhodes entered a joint venture with Leo Fender to manufacture the instruments
26.
Robby Krieger
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Robert Alan Robby Krieger is an American guitarist and singer-songwriter best known as the guitarist of the rock band the Doors, and as such has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Krieger wrote or co-wrote many of the Doors songs, including the hits Light My Fire, Love Me Two Times, Touch Me, after the Doors disbanded, Krieger continued his performing and recording career with other musicians including former Doors band mates John Densmore and Ray Manzarek. He was listed by Rolling Stone as one of the greatest guitarists of all time, Krieger was born in Los Angeles, California to a Jewish family. His father, an engineer, was a fan of marching music, and much of young Robbys early exposure to music was classical, including Peter and the Wolf, which was the first music that captivated him. When he was seven, Krieger accidentally broke his record player, but the radio introduced him to the likes of Fats Domino, Elvis Presley, at the age of 10, he tried the trumpet, but found it was not for him. He began playing the blues on his parents piano with more success than the trumpet. While Krieger was a student at a private school called Menlo School in Menlo Park, California. He began by first de-tuning a ukulele to the four strings of a guitar. Later, in the mid-1960s, Asian American scholar Frank Chin taught Krieger how to play the flamenco guitar, during a Christmas break, Krieger and two classmates took a vacation to Puerto Vallarta where he purchased a peg-tuned Ramírez guitar and took lessons for a few months. He bounced around genres, including flamenco, folk, blues, after high school, Krieger attended the University of California, Santa Barbara. Krieger listed guitarists Wes Montgomery, Albert King, and Larry Carlton among the biggest influences on his style, kriegers flamenco guitar playing can be found present in the song Spanish Caravan. Krieger became a member of the Doors in 1965, joining keyboard player Ray Manzarek, drummer John Densmore and vocalist Jim Morrison, at an early Doors rehearsal Morrison heard Krieger playing bottleneck guitar and initially wanted the technique featured on every song on the first album. Kriegers fingerstyle approach to the guitar, broad musical tastes. Krieger occasionally sang lead vocal with the Doors and he can be heard on the song Runnin Blue. He also sang on the last two Doors albums, recorded after Morrisons death, Other Voices and Full Circle, after Morrison’s death in 1971, Krieger, Manzarek and Densmore carried on as a trio. After the Doors disbanded in 1973, Krieger formed the Butts Band with Densmore and he enjoyed some success as a jazz-fusion guitarist, recording a handful of albums in the 1970s and 1980s, including Versions, Robby Krieger, and No Habla. For his first solo release in 1977, Robbie Krieger & Friends, in 1982, Krieger made an album with the Los Angeles group Acid Casualties. Their album, Panic Station, was released by Rhino Records, in the early 90s, Krieger formed a trio called the Robby Krieger Organization featuring Skip Van Winkle and Dale Alexander
27.
John Densmore
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John Paul Densmore is an American musician, songwriter, author and actor. He is best known as the drummer of the rock band The Doors and he was the sole drummer in the Doors history and appeared on every recording made by the band. Densmore has worked additionally in the arts as a dancer and actor. Born in Los Angeles on December 1,1944, Densmore grew up playing piano and he also played timpani in orchestra. Densmore attended Santa Monica City College and California State University, Northridge, Densmores influences included hard jazz figures Elvin Jones and Art Blakey. The quartet released six studio and several albums, eventually selling over 100 million units. Morrison’s death in 1971 marked the end of an era, though the trio recorded two more albums of songs and an instrumental backdrop for the late singer’s recorded poetry. Densmore remained a member until the dissolution in 1973. According to Densmores own book, he quit the band on one occasion in reaction to Jim Morrisons increasingly self-destructive behavior and he repeatedly suggested that the band stop touring, but Krieger and Manzarek were resistant to this notion. After The Doors final performance with Morrison in New Orleans on December 12,1970, the New Orleans performance would be the bands last public performance as a quartet. Densmore formed a band with fellow ex-Doors Robby Krieger in 1973 called Butts Band, the band released two albums with two different lineups but disbanded in 1975. Densmore left rock and roll in the 1980s, moving to the world of dance as he performed with Bess Snyder, in 1984, at La Mama Theatre in New York, he made his stage acting debut in Skins, a one-act play he had written. In 1985, he won the LA Weekly Theater Award for music with Methusalem, the play Rounds, which he co-produced, won the NAACP award for theatre in 1987. In 1988, he played a role in Band Dreams. He developed and performed a piece from the Donald Barthelme short story, The King of Jazz. With Adam Ant, he co-produced Be Bop A Lula at Theatre Theatre in 1992 and his film credits include Get Crazy with Malcolm McDowell, Dudes directed by Penelope Spheeris, and The Doors directed by Oliver Stone. In the latter film he was portrayed by actor Kevin Dillon, Densmore wrote his best-selling autobiography, Riders on the Storm, about his life and the time he spent with Morrison and the Doors. In the first chapter Densmore describes the day on which he
28.
Leningrad Cowboys
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The Leningrad Cowboys are a Finnish rock band who frequently perform rock and roll covers of other songs. They have exaggerated pompadour hairstyles and wear long, pointy shoes and they often work with Russian military band the Alexandrov Ensemble. The band was an invention of the Finnish film director Aki Kaurismäki, Sakke Järvenpää and Mato Valtonen, the band was conceived in a bar in 1986 as a joke on the waning power of the Soviet Union. Jarvenpää and Valtonen expressed their wishes that Kaurismäki would direct their first music video, after two further short films, Thru the Wire and L. A. Woman, Kaurismäki decided to direct a feature film about them, Leningrad Cowboys Go America. In these films they are joined by Nicky Tesco, founding member of the UK punk rock band The Members, after the film, the band took on a life of its own, recording music, making videos and giving concerts. Kaurismäki also wrote and directed two videos featuring the band, their cover of the 60s folk standard Those Were The Days, the show was seen by an estimated 250 million people worldwide. That same year, the band and ensemble again joined forces for the Nokia Balalaika Show, in 1998 they featured in the film L. A. In 1996 the Leningrad Cowboys granted the Swiss-Italian singer-songwriter David Buzzi permission to write lyrics for the instrumental Ten Lost Gringos from the Go America soundtrack and this song was released in Italy and Switzerland in 1998 on the album Il Diavolo Rosso, Romaneschi with the title Gringo. Currently, the band has 11 Cowboys and two Leningrad Ladies, in 2006 the album Zombies Paradise was released. This album features a rock sound, and draws influences from speed metal, groove metal. However, covers of old songs sounds chaotically effective. The album also includes the 1994 Studio version of Happy Together as well as a new 2006 version, the music video for the albums cover of the song Youre My Heart, Youre My Soul is an animated as a road-thriller movie. One more show with the Russian military band was played in Finland on November 22,2008, a newly released publication, Bio-Book PRAVDA – The Truth About The Leningrad Cowboys also appeared. Promotional lines included, Here it is finally, The Leningrad Cowboys book Pravda, october 2011 saw the release of the Kaurismäki Leningrad Cowboys features and short films as a box set by The Criterion Collection as of their Eclipse series of releases. This month also featured the new album Buena Vodka Social Club, December 2012 saw the release of an animated Christmas video featuring DogYDog, a dog resembling the dog from the Youre My Heart, Youre My Soul video. The video also featured a cover of Christmas in Hollis from an upcoming Leningrad Cowboys album for Christmas 2013, red X-Mas will be a tour of Finland by the Leningrad Cowboys and the Russian Air Force Choir from 27 November to 7 December 2013, featuring over 60 performers. In co-production with Anima Vitae, Leningrad cowboys is producing an animated feature Dogydog featuring the half-Siberian/half-Mexican dog traveling from Siberia to Mexica via the USA, dogyDog also appeared in the Bonehead game for Android developed by Leningrad Cowboys Studios and Fingersoft and released 13 May 2014
29.
Billy Idol
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William Michael Albert Broad, known professionally as Billy Idol, is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and actor. Idol began his career in late 1976 as a guitarist in the rock band Chelsea. However, he left the group and along with his bandmate Tony James formed Generation X with Idol being the lead singer. The band achieved success in the United Kingdom and released three albums on Chrysalis Records before disbanding, in 1981, Idol moved to New York City to pursue his solo career in collaboration with guitarist Steve Stevens. His debut studio album Billy Idol was a success and with music videos for singles Dancing with Myself. His second studio album Rebel Yell was a commercial success with hit singles Rebel Yell. The album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of two million copies across the United States. He followed with a number of albums, including Whiplash Smile, Charmed Life. Idol spent the second half of the 1990s out of the eye focusing on his personal life. He made a comeback with the release of Devils Playground. Idol was born in Stanmore, Middlesex, the name Billy Idol was inspired by a school teachers description of him as idle. In an interview on 21 November 1983, Idol said the name was a bit of a goof and it was a double thing not just a poke at the superstar-like people. In another interview for BBC Breakfast in October 2014, he said that he wanted to be Billy Idle but thought he could not because of Monty Python star Eric Idle, in 1958, when Idol was two years old, his parents moved to Patchogue, New York. The family returned to England four years later with Idol and his sister, Jane, settling in Dorking. In 1971, the moved to Bromley, London, where Idol attended Ravensbourne School for Boys. Idol also attended Worthing High School for Boys in Worthing, West Sussex, in October 1975, Idol went to Sussex University to pursue an English degree and lived on campus but left after year one in 1976. He then went on to join the Bromley Contingent of Sex Pistols fans, Idol first joined Chelsea in 1976 as a guitarist. However, he and Chelsea bandmate Tony James soon left that group and co-founded Generation X, Generation X was one of the first punk bands to appear on the BBC Television music programme Top of the Pops
30.
Charmed Life (Billy Idol album)
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Charmed Life is the fourth studio album by English rock vocalist Billy Idol, released in 1990 through Chrysalis Records. Cradle of Love appeared on the soundtrack of The Adventures of Ford Fairlane, the song was famous for its video, which won the 1990 MTV Video Music Award for Best video from a film. The video, directed by David Fincher, involved Betsy Lynn George as a teenager who knocks at her neighbours door and asks to play a tape, the albums second single is a cover version of L. A. Woman by The Doors. Its video was directed by Fincher. Charmed Life has been certified platinum by the RIAA and Silver by BPI
31.
Paul Oakenfold
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Paul Mark Oakenfold /ˈoʊkənfoʊld/ is an English record producer and trance DJ. He is a two time Grammy Award and two time World Music Awards nominee and he was voted the No.1 DJ in the World twice in 1998 and 1999 by DJ Magazine. Later 21-year-old Oakenfold and Ian Paul moved to 254 West 54th Street, studio 54s Steve Rubell ran the place and only allowed popular people inside. Oakenfolds musical career began in the late 1970s, when he started playing soul in a Covent Garden wine bar, here, he met Trevor Fung as well as Rumours in London where he played Earth, Wind and Fire and popular British bands. In 1984, he spent several months in New York Citys West Harlem, during this time hip-hop was the most popular sound in the area. He began breaking into the mainstream as he was working as an A&R man for Champion Records, at that time, he signed DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince, as well as Salt-n-Pepa. Oakenfold appeared on the Blue Peter BBC programme for children with a breakdancing crew and he became a promoter and British agent for the Beastie Boys and Run-D. M. C. Since then, he appeared at The Project in Streatham playing soul, in 1987, Oakenfold travelled to the island of Ibiza for a week to celebrate his birthday. Trevor Fung, Nicky Holloway, Ian Saint Paul, Danny Rampling, Oakenfold convinced the owner of a venue in England to host an Ibiza Reunion party after-hours. He had previously made an attempt, but it failed as the crowd was not prepared for the house style until 1987 when the party was successful. After that, the became a classic and became one of the UKs major acid house nights. Spectrum became popular in The Sanctuary, as a bigger space was required, it turned into the Heaven club, which was run by Oakenfold and Paul. The party was best known for the Theatre of Madness, as more than 1,500 people were present on Monday nights, until it went down, with the financial issues it changed its name to the Land of Oz. Artists like Alex Paterson DJd in the VIP chillout area known as the White Room, which gave Oakenfold more free time, members included Nick Divaris, John Johnny Rocca and Micky. Also in 1988 he decided to create a place where new artists could develop their careers, at that moment, Perfecto Records was born. He collaborated with his friend Steve Osborne on various projects, in 1990, he worked with Terry Farley, Andrew Weatherall and Osborne on two remixes for Happy Mondays. The remixes of Rave On and Hallelujah were released on the Madchester Rave On EP, as well as Step On, the song reached the Top 5 position in the UK. He was invited as a guest DJ to Spike Island, a gig with The Stone Roses, pleased with the last single, the Happy Mondays gave Oakenfold and Osborne the opportunity to produce their third studio album, Pills n Thrills and Bellyaches
32.
Californication (TV series)
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Californication is an American comedy-drama television series created by Tom Kapinos, which aired for seven seasons on Showtime from August 13,2007, to June 29,2014. The show follows New Yorker Hank Moody, a troubled novelist who moves to California and his drinking, womanizing, and drug abuse complicate his relationships with his longtime lover Karen and their daughter Becca. Hank struggles to find purpose in his life as he passes up multiple opportunities, the shows other main characters are Hanks best friend and agent, Charlie Runkle, and Charlies wife, Marcy. Recurring themes are sex, drugs, and rock and roll, all of which are featured regularly, the show has been nominated for many awards and won several, including winning two Emmy Awards and one Golden Globe Award. The series revolves around Hank Moody, a novelist plagued by alcoholism and he blames his longtime writers block on reasons ranging from the hedonism of Los Angeles to the departure of his partner Karen. The show was renewed for a season on September 7,2007. The Season 1 finale, titled The Last Waltz, originally aired on Showtime on October 29,2007, Season 2 began filming in April 2008, and was underway as of June 2008. The premiere episode of Season 2 aired September 28,2008, the first season was released on DVD in the US on June 17,2008. Showtime renewed Californication for a season, which premiered on Sunday September 27,2009 at 10 pm. The show is laced with rock culture references and it frequently alludes to Warren Zevon and featured Henry Rollins in a guest appearance, some episode titles, such as Filthy Lucre and Turn the Page, allude to album and song names. Hanks lawyer in Season 4 is called Abby Rhodes, his first three novels, South of Heaven, Seasons in the Abyss and God Hates Us All, are all named after Slayer albums. The books Crack The Sky and Blood Mountain by Richard Bates are also the names of two Mastodon albums, the movie based on God Hates Us All, A Crazy Little Thing Called Love, is named after the song by the rock band Queen from their album The Game. The segment before the Opening Theme is the intro to The Stooges song, Season 1 followed Hank and the other main characters in the months leading up to Karens planned marriage to Bill, a Los Angeles publisher. Hank spends most of his drinking and not writing. One day he picks up a woman in a bookstore, after they have sex. Mia proceeds to harass Hank during his visits to his family and she uses the threat of illegal sex charges to extort stories from him that she passes off as her own for her high-school creative-writing class. The death of Hanks father drives Hank on an alcohol-fueled binge, after the funeral, Hank stays in New York to finish a manuscript for a new novella. On Karens and Bills wedding day, Hank chooses to be unselfish, but that evening, as he and Becca leave the reception, Karen runs out and jumps into his car, presumably to resume their life together
33.
Jane's Addiction
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Janes Addiction is an American rock band from Los Angeles, formed in 1985. The band consists of Perry Farrell, Dave Navarro, Stephen Perkins, Janes Addiction launched with a live self-titled debut album in 1987 and quickly caught the attention of Warner Bros. The bands following first two studio albums, Nothings Shocking and Ritual de lo habitual, were released to widespread critical acclaim. As a result, Janes Addiction became icons of what Farrell dubbed the Alternative Nation, the bands initial farewell tour, in 1991, launched the first Lollapalooza, which has since become a perennial alternative rock festival. The band briefly reunited in 1997, with Flea, of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, in 2001, a second reunion took place, with Martyn LeNoble—and later Chris Chaney—occupying the role of bass guitarist. In 2003, the band released its third studio album, Strays. In 2008, the bands original line-up reunited and embarked on a world tour, Eric Avery, however, subsequently left the band in early 2010 as the group began work on new material. The band released its fourth studio album The Great Escape Artist in 2011, with Chaney returning to the band for its recording, Janes Addiction formed out of the remains of frontman Perry Farrells previous band, Psi Com. In mid-1985, Farrell was searching for a new player for the faltering Psi-com when he was introduced to Eric Avery. The new band was dubbed Janes Addiction in honor of Farrells housemate, Jane Bainter, in its early incarnation, Janes Addiction went through four guitarists and featured Matt Chaikin, formerly of Kommunity FK, on drums. After Chaikin failed to show up for rehearsals, Farrell began seeking a new drummer. Averys younger sister Rebecca suggested her boyfriend Stephen Perkins, Avery was uncertain because of their differing tastes in music, but eventually relented. After Perkins was hired, the drummer and Rebecca Avery promised to get their friend Dave Navarro into the group, based on Perkins recommendation, the band auditioned Navarro and subsequently hired him. Janes Addiction became a sensation on the Los Angeles club scene, the band soon gained interest from a variety of record labels. While the group had decided to sign with Warner Bros, Records, Janes Addiction insisted on releasing its debut on independent record label Triple X Records first. The bands manager negotiated the largest advance up to that point, in January 1987, the band recorded its debut record Janes Addiction during a live performance at the Roxy Theatre at a cost of $4,000. Before the album was released, Janes Addiction supported British band Love, also in late 1987, the band opened for former Bauhaus vocalist Peter Murphy at the now demolished Fenders Ballroom in Long Beach. In January 1988, Janes Addiction went into the studio to record its major debut and follow-up to Janes Addiction
34.
X (American band)
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X is an American punk rock band, formed in Los Angeles in 1977, among the first wave of American punk. The original members are vocalist Exene Cervenka, vocalist/bassist John Doe, guitarist Billy Zoom, the band released seven studio albums from 1980 to 1993. After a period of inactivity during the mid to late 1990s, X reunited in the early 2000s, X achieved limited mainstream success but influenced various genres of music, including punk rock and folk rock. In 2003, Xs first two albums, Los Angeles and Wild Gift, were ranked by Rolling Stone as being among the 500 greatest albums of all time. Los Angeles was ranked 91st on Pitchforks Top 100 Albums of the 1980s, the band received an Official Certificate of Recognition from the City of Los Angeles in acknowledgment of its contribution to Los Angeles music and culture. X was founded by bassist/singer Doe and guitarist Zoom, Doe brought his poetry-writing girlfriend Cervenka to band practices, and she eventually joined the band as a vocalist. Drummer Bonebrake was the last of the members to join after leaving local group the Eyes. Xs first record deal was with independent label Dangerhouse, for which the band produced one single, as the band became the flag bearer for the local scene, a larger independent label, Slash Records, signed the band to issue its first album. The result was their debut, Los Angeles produced by the Doors keyboard player and it was a minor hit and was well received by the underground press and mainstream media. Much of Xs early material had a rockabilly edge, Doe and Cervenka co-wrote most of the groups songs, with their slightly off-kilter harmony vocals serving as the groups most distinctive element. Their lyrics tended to be poetry, comparisons to Charles Bukowski. Their follow-up effort, 1981s Wild Gift, broadened the bands profile when it was named Record of the Year by Rolling Stone, The Los Angeles Times, The New York Times and Village Voice. During 1981, both Doe and Bonebrake (along with Dave Alvin, guitarist served as members of the Flesh Eaters, performing on that second album, A Minute to Pray. X then signed to Elektra in 1982 to release Under the Big Black Sun, while still fast and loud, with raw punk guitars, the album displayed evolving country leanings. The album was influenced by the death of Cervenkas elder sister Mirielle in a 1980 automobile accident. Three songs on the album all directly related to the tragedy, a fourth, a high-speed version of Al Dubin and Joe Burkes Dancing With Tears in My Eyes, was, years later, indirectly attributed to Cervenkas mournful state of mind. The stark black-and-white cover art and title were also a reflection of the mood of the band during this time. Cervenka has said it is her favorite X album You know, my record is Under the Big Black Sun
35.
Germs (band)
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The Germs were an American punk rock band from Los Angeles, California, United States, originally active from 1977 to 1980. The bands main early lineup consisted of singer Darby Crash, guitarist Pat Smear, bassist Lorna Doom, the Germs disbanded following Crashs suicide on December 7,1980. Their music was influential to later punk rock acts. Smear went on to greater fame performing with Nirvana and Foo Fighters. In 2005, actor Shane West was cast to play Crash in the biographical film What We Do Is Secret and he performed with Smear, Doom and Bolles at a production party for the film, after which the Germs reformed with West as singer. The new lineup of the band toured the United States several times, Crash and Smear decided to start a band after being kicked out of University High School for antisocial behavior, allegedly for using mind control on fellow students. Their original name was Sophistifuck and the Revlon Spam Queens, the first lineup consisted of Beahm on vocals, Ruthenberg on guitar, an early member named Dinky on bass and Michelle Baer playing drums. This lineup never played in front of a live audience, in April 1977, the band added Doom on bass, with transitional member Dottie Danger on drums. Carlisle never actually played with the band, as she was sidelined by a bout of mononucleosis for an extended period and she was replaced by her friend Donna Rhia, who played three gigs and performed on their first single. Carlisle remained a friend and helper of the band, only leaving because her new band, nickey Beat, of various noteworthy Los Angeles bands including the Weirdos, also sat in on drums for a time. The bands first live performance was at the Orpheum Theater, Darby stuck the mic in a jar of peanut butter. It was a dare, we had no songs or anything, Lorna wore her pants inside out, and Darby covered himself in red licorice. we made noise for five minutes until they threw us off. The Germs initially drew musical influences from Iggy Pop, David Bowie, Ramones, early performances were usually marked by raucous crowds made up of the bands friends. As a result, their gigs became notorious for being rowdy and it was released in July 1977 on the What. The single featured a shambolic but serviceable performance on the A-side, the song was not used in the movie, nor was the band. The Germs, despite most expectations, developed a sound that was highly influential, throughout their career, they had a reputation as a chaotic live band. The other band members prided themselves on similar problems, with many reviews citing collapses, incoherence. Fans saw this as part of the show, and indeed, Smear was revealed to be a remarkably talented and fluid player, much later, after Crashs death, critics finally acknowledged his lyrics as poetic art
36.
Particle (band)
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Particle is an American jam band formed in Los Angeles in 2000. The band formed in 2000 and the members were Dave Simmons, Steve Molitz, Eric Gould. Simmons died shortly after the formation of the due to a sudden illness. Guitarist Charlie Hitchcock joined shortly thereafter, along with The Disco Biscuits, Sound Tribe Sector 9, and Lotus the group was among the first to blend rock, jazz, funk, and electronica into the milieu of what has been dubbed livetronica. Prior to 2006, the repertoire consisted entirely of instrumental material. They played up to 140 shows a year, often to large audiences, bassist Phil Lesh, also of the Grateful Dead, sat in with the band that summer. They followed Launchpad with the EP Launchpad Remixes, featuring tracks from the album remixed by members of Groove Armada, in 2005 the band toured Europe for the first time. Following their performance on the Xingolati Cruise in late 2005 the band dismissed Hitchcock from the group and this was a source of controversy in the months that followed, because the bands website stated that the departure was a mutual decision. Replacing Hitchcock were Ben Combe and Scott Metzger on guitars and vocals and their first two performance with the group in February 2006 was recorded, filmed, and released as Transformations, Live for the People that July. In late July 2006 Scott Metzger had to leave Particle due to an emergency that required his long-term attention. In October 2007 Ben Combe announced his departure from Particle and pursued a Biotech degree until April 2012. A July 2008 side project, PUJA, brought together Combe and Darren Pujalet of Particle, as well as Melvin Seals of The Jerry Garcia Band and Cristian Basso of Leo Nocentelli, in 2008 Molitz also played in the supergroup Agents of Mayhem. The band is regarded as a jam-band with progressive rock roots and they have described their music as space porn, a term coined by one of their early fans, and funktronic. A review by Nicole Keiper in The Tennessean described the sound as jam-rock standards that make smart use of dance musics lush textures and well-placed. Chris Nelson of The New York Times described them as disco-flavored, instrumental jam music
37.
Stoned Immaculate: The Music of The Doors
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Stoned Immaculate, The Music of The Doors is a tribute album dedicated to The Doors. Producer Ralph Sall gathered an assortment of new, classic and iconic artists for the record, unusually, the surviving members of The Doors played on this tribute record. In addition, recordings of Jim Morrison were used posthumously, in the creation of some of the tracks, another posthumous usage, the cover features a painting by Rick Griffin. The album title is a taken from the song The WASP. A. — William S. Burroughs Musicians, William S
38.
"Weird Al" Yankovic
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Alfred Matthew Weird Al Yankovic is an American singer, songwriter, parodist, record producer, satirist, actor, voice actor, music video director, film producer, and author. Since his first-aired comedy song in 1976, he has more than 12 million albums, recorded more than 150 parody and original songs. His works have earned him four Grammy Awards and a further 11 nominations, four gold records, Weird Als first top ten Billboard album and single were both released in 2006, nearly three decades into his career. His latest album, Mandatory Fun, became his first number-one album during its debut week and he directed later videos himself and went on to direct for other artists including Ben Folds, Hanson, The Black Crowes, and The Presidents of the United States of America. Weird Al has stated that he may forgo traditional albums in favor of timely releases of singles, in addition to recording his albums, Weird Al wrote and starred in the film UHF and The Weird Al Show. He has also made guest appearances and voice acting roles on television shows and video web content. He has also written two books, When I Grow Up and My New Teacher and Me. Yankovic was born in Downey, California and raised in Lynwood. He is the child of Mary Elizabeth and Nick Yankovic. Mary, who was of Italian and English descent, had come to California from Kentucky, Als first accordion lesson, which sparked his career in music, was on the day before his sixth birthday. A door-to-door salesman traveling through Lynwood offered the Yankovic parents a choice of accordion or guitar lessons at a music school. Yankovic said that parents chose the accordion because they were convinced it would revolutionize rock and he continued lessons at the school for three years before continuing to learn on his own. Yankovics early accordion role models included Frankie Yankovic and Myron Floren, in the 1970s, Yankovic was a big fan of Elton John and claims Johns Goodbye Yellow Brick Road album was partly how I learned to play rock n roll on the accordion. Other sources of inspiration for his comedy come from Mad magazine, Monty Python, Yankovic began kindergarten a year earlier than most children, and he skipped second grade. My classmates seemed to think I was some kind of rocket scientist so I was labeled an early on. As his unusual schooling left him two years younger than most of his classmates, Yankovic was not interested in sports or social events at school and we started the club just to get an extra picture of ourselves in the yearbook. Weird Al graduated in 1975 and was valedictorian of his senior class, Yankovic attended California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo where he earned a bachelors degree in architecture. Yankovic received his first exposure via southern California and syndicated radio personality Dr. Dementos radio show, saying If there hadnt been a Dr. Demento. The tapes first song, Belvedere Cruisin - about his familys Plymouth Belvedere - was played on Dementos comedy radio show, launching Yankovics career
39.
"Weird Al" Yankovic in 3-D
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Weird Al Yankovic in 3-D is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Weird Al Yankovic, released on February 28,1984, by Rock n Roll Records. The album was one of many produced by former The McCoys guitarist Rick Derringer, recorded between October and December 1983, the album was Yankovics follow-up to his modestly successful debut LP, Weird Al Yankovic. The music on Weird Al Yankovic in 3-D is built around parodies and pastiches of pop, half of the album is made up of parodies, featuring jabs at Michael Jackson, Men Without Hats, The Greg Kihn Band, The Police, and Survivor. The other half of the album is original material, featuring many style parodies, or musical imitations that come close to and these style parodies include imitations of specific artists like Bob Marley and The B-52s. Weird Al Yankovic in 3-D is also notable for being the first album released by Yankovic to feature a medley of hit songs. These pastiches of hit songs, set to music, have since appeared on nearly all of Yankovics albums. Weird Al Yankovic in 3-D was met mostly positive reviews and peaked at number seventeen on the Billboard 200. The album also produced one of Yankovics most famous singles, Eat It and this song was Yankovics highest charting single until White & Nerdy from his 2006 album Straight Outta Lynwood peaked at number nine in the October 21,2006 Billboard charts. Eat It also charted at number one in Australia, making it Yankovics only number one single in any country, the album also produced two minor US hits, King of Suede, which peaked at number sixty-two, and I Lost on Jeopardy, which peaked at number eighty-one. The album was Yankovics first Gold record, and went on to be certified Platinum for sales of one million copies in the United States. Eat It won a Grammy Award for Best Comedy Performance Single or Album, in October 1983, Yankovic began recording his second album at Santa Monica Sound Recorders, in Santa Monica, California. To produce it, he brought in former The McCoys guitarist Rick Derringer, backing Yankovic were Jon Bermuda Schwartz on drums, Steve Jay on bass, and Jim West on guitar. During the first recording session for the album, five songs were recorded, Nature Trail To Hell, Mr. Popeil, Buy Me a Condo, Midnight Star. Every song on Yankovics debut album was played on an accordion, accompanied by bass, guitar, on In 3-D Yankovic decided to restrict the accordion to certain sections, most notably the polka medley Polkas on 45. and of course, on the polka medleys. Im not really downplaying the accordion at all - I usually feature the accordion on three or four songs every album, which is three or four more accordion-based songs than most Top 40 albums have. One of the first originals recorded for the album was Midnight Star, the liner notes to Permanent Record state that a Weekly World News article about the Incredible Frog Boy helped to inspire the song. According to Yankovic, most of the headlines were real. He spent several weeks collecting and looking through old tabloids to find inane titles, initially he thought that Midnight Star should have been the lead single for the album, but later relented and released Eat It instead
