1.
Jean Poton de Xaintrailles
–
Jean Poton de Xaintrailles, a minor noble of Gascon origin, was one of the chief lieutenants of Joan of Arc. He served as master of the stables, as royal bailiff in Berry. In 1454 he was appointed a Marshal of France, Jean Poton was a leading figure on the French side in the Hundred Years War. He fought at the battle of Verneuil in 1424 and his participation, along with Joan of Arc, in the battle at Orléans in 1427 led to the end of the Siege of Orléans. He was badly wounded during this battle and he was captured at the battle of Cravant and later exchanged for John Talbot. Jean Poton fought numerous battles alongside Joan of Arc during the Loire Campaign and he remained a lifelong support for Joan of Arc. With La Hire, he tried, albeit in vain. Believing Joan was being held captive in Compiègne, Jean Poton captured it and he served with Joan of Arc at the Siege of Orléans, and the battles of Jargeau, Meung-sur-Loire, Beaugency and Patay. He raised the siege of Compiègne, when the standing army was created in 1445, Xaintrailles was appointed to command one of the twelve companies of the new army. He died in Bordeaux without heirs and left his estate to the church, Xaintrailles is a minor figure in the Catherine novels of Juliette Benzoni
Jean Poton de Xaintrailles
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Xaintrailles and
La Hire depicted in a 15th-century illuminated book.
Jean Poton de Xaintrailles
–
Jean Poton de Xaintrailles
2.
Montauban
–
Montauban is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France. It is the capital of the department and lies 50 kilometres north of Toulouse, Montauban is the most populated town in Tarn-et-Garonne, and the sixth most populated of Languedoc Roussillon Midi Pyrenees behind Toulouse, Montpellier, Nîmes, Perpignan and Béziers. In 2013, there were 57,921 inhabitants, called “Montalbanais”, the town has been classified “Ville d’art et d’histoire” since 2015. The town, built mainly of a brick, stands on the right bank of the Tarn River at its confluence with the Tescou. Montauban is the second oldest of the bastides of southern France and its foundation dates from 1144 when Count Alphonse Jourdain of Toulouse, granted it a liberal charter. The inhabitants were chiefly from Montauriol, a village which had grown up around the neighbouring monastery of St Théodard. In 1360, under the Treaty of Brétigny, it was ceded to the English, in 1560 the bishops and magistrates embraced Protestantism, expelled the monks, and demolished the cathedral. Ten years later it became one of the four Huguenot strongholds under the Peace of Saint-Germain and it was the headquarters of the Huguenot rebellion of 1621, and successfully withstood an 86-day siege by Louis XIII. It did not submit to royal authority until after the fall of La Rochelle in 1629, the Protestants again suffered persecution after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. In the 17th century, the King of France revoked “l’Édit de Nantes”, Montauban was considered as an intellectual city. Because Montauban was a Protestant town, it started to resist and hold its position against the royal power, to scare off the King’s opponents and speed up the end of the siege,400 cannonballs were fired, but Montauban resisted and the royal army was vanquished. Saint Jacques church is marked by the cannonballs, and every year in September, the city celebrates “les 400 coups”. During World War II, Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa was briefly hidden in a secret vault behind a cellar at Montauban. Montauban’s climate is temperate and oceanic, temperatures are rather mild in winter and hot in summer. The town experienced severe droughts in 2003,2006,2012 and 2015, on August 31,2015, the Tarn-et-Garonne area was particularly struck by a wave of violent storms. These storms, accompanied by very important winds, created a tornado, Montauban was particularly affected, with winds measured between 130 and 150 kilometers per hour in the city center. This bridge is known as Pont Vieux, King Philip the Fair of France officially launched the building of the bridge in 1303 while on a tour to Toulouse. The project took 30 years to complete, and the bridge was inaugurated in 1335, the main architects were Étienne de Ferrières and Mathieu de Verdun
Montauban
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Montauban
Montauban
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Arcade at Place Nationale in Montauban
Montauban
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Redition of Montauban, 21 August 1629.
Château de Richelieu.
Montauban
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The Great Warrior of Montauban
3.
France
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France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans 643,801 square kilometres and had a population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary republic with the capital in Paris. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse, during the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome, which held Gaul until 486, France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years War strengthening state-building and political centralisation. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a colonial empire was established. The 16th century was dominated by civil wars between Catholics and Protestants. France became Europes dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV, in the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire, whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War, the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Algeria and nearly all the colonies became independent in the 1960s with minimal controversy and typically retained close economic. France has long been a centre of art, science. It hosts Europes fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, France is a developed country with the worlds sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, France remains a great power in the world, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a member state of the European Union and the Eurozone. It is also a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, originally applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name France comes from the Latin Francia, or country of the Franks
France
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One of the
Lascaux paintings: a horse –
Dordogne, approximately 18,000 BC
France
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Flag
France
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The
Maison Carrée was a temple of the
Gallo-Roman city of Nemausus (present-day
Nîmes) and is one of the best preserved vestiges of the
Roman Empire.
France
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With
Clovis ' conversion to Catholicism in 498, the
Frankish monarchy,
elective and
secular until then, became
hereditary and of
divine right.
4.
Charles VII of France
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Charles VII, called the Victorious or the Well-Served, was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1422 to his death. In the midst of the Hundred Years War, Charles VII inherited the throne of France under desperate circumstances, in addition, his father Charles VI had disinherited him in 1420 and recognized Henry V of England and his heirs as the legitimate successors to the French crown instead. At the same time, a war raged in France between the Armagnacs and the Burgundian party. However, his political and military position improved dramatically with the emergence of Joan of Arc as a leader in France. Joan of Arc and other charismatic figures led French troops to lift the siege of Orléans, as well as other cities on the Loire river. With the local English troops dispersed, the people of Reims switched allegiance and opened their gates and this long-awaited event boosted French morale as hostilities with England resumed. Following the battle of Castillon in 1453, the French had expelled the English from all their continental possessions except for the Pale of Calais, the last years of Charles VII were marked by conflicts with his turbulent son, the future Louis XI of France. Born at the Hôtel Saint-Pol, the residence in Paris. He was the child and fifth son of Charles VI of France. His four elder brothers, Charles, Charles, Louis and John had each held the title of Dauphin of France in turn, all died childless, leaving Charles with a rich inheritance of titles. By 1419, Charles had established his own court in Bourges and they also decided that a further meeting should take place the following 10 September. On that date, they met on the bridge at Montereau, the Duke assumed that the meeting would be entirely peaceful and diplomatic, thus he brought only a small escort with him. The Dauphins men reacted to the Dukes arrival by attacking and killing him, Charles level of involvement has remained uncertain to this day. Although he claimed to have been unaware of his mens intentions, the assassination marked the end of any attempt of a reconciliation between the two factions Armagnacs and Burgundians, thus playing into the hands of Henry V of England. Charles was later required by a treaty with Philip the Good, the son of John the Fearless, to pay penance for the murder, at the death of his father, Charles VI, the succession was cast into doubt. For those who did not recognize the treaty and believed the Dauphin Charles to be of legitimate birth, for those who did not recognize his legitimacy, the rightful heir was recognized as Charles, Duke of Orléans, cousin of the Dauphin, who was in English captivity. Only the supporters of Henry VI and the Dauphin Charles were able to enlist sufficient military force to press effectively for their candidates, the English, already in control of northern France, were able to enforce the claim of their king in the regions of France that they occupied. Northern France, including Paris, was ruled by an English regent, Henry Vs brother, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford
Charles VII of France
–
Portrait of Charles VII, by
Jean Fouquet,
tempera on wood,
Louvre Museum, Paris, c. 1445–1450
Charles VII of France
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Dauphin Charles with
Yolande of Aragon, Duchess of Anjou
Charles VII of France
–
Charles VII Royal d'or.
Charles VII of France
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Charles VII Ecu neuf, 1436.
5.
Jean de Dunois
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Jean de Dunois, also called John of Orléans and Jean de Duno, was the illegitimate son of Louis I, Duke of Orléans, by Mariette dEnghien. In 1439 he received the county of Dunois from his half-brother, Charles, Duke of Orléans and his legitimate half-brother, Charles, Duke of Orléans, became an English prisoner at the Battle of Agincourt and remained so for several decades. This left him the only adult male of the house of Orléans. He was Knight of the Order of the Porcupine, Jean joined the civil war in France in the time of Charles VI on the side of the Armagnacs, and was captured by the Burgundians in 1418. Released in 1420, he entered the service of the Dauphin Charles, the future count of Dunois led the French defenses at the siege of Orléans. Together with Joan of Arc he relieved the siege and he joined her on the campaigns of 1429 and remained active after her death. Jean took part in the coronation of Charles VII and in 1436 he aided in the capture of Paris and he was prominent in the conquest of Guienne and Normandy in the final years of the Hundred Years War. He participated in the Praguerie against Charles VII and was a leader of the League of the Public Weal against King Louis XI in 1465, but each time he regained favor at court
Jean de Dunois
–
Jean de Dunois
6.
Montargis
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Montargis is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France on the Loing river. The town is located about 110 km south of Paris and 70 km east of Orléans in the Gâtinais, Montargis is the second largest city in the Loiret, after Orléans. It is near a large forest, and contains light industry, due to its numerous canals and bridges, Montargis sometimes bills itself as the Venice of the Gâtinais. Though quite modern, it retains a medieval charm in its downtown area, numerous Gallo-Roman artifacts have been found in the area, and many are in the towns Gâtinais Museum. Later, the town was a stronghold of the Frankish king Clovis I, Montargis was originally a seat of the house of Courtenay, who fortified a château on a hill overlooking the town. The town was ceded to the king of France in 1188, in the 14th and 15th centuries, it was a royal residence. In 1427, during the Hundred Years War, the Earl of Warwick besieged the town with artillery, during the siege, the residents of Montargis sabotaged the dikes of numerous ponds in the district, flooding and drowning many of the besieging Plantagenets. On September 5, a French force of 1600 men broke the siege, led by Jean de Dunois and La Hire and this marked the first important victory by the army of King Charles VII in the war, gratefully remembered by Charles later. After being wounded in an attempt to besiege Paris in September 1429. After the war, Charles VII, rewarded the town for its valor in the war by granting it various privileges, in 1490, his later successor Charles VIII officially declared the town Montargis Le Franc. This title is abbreviated as MLF in the coat of arms. This privilege was renewed by his successors, and Montargis remained free of taxes for three centuries, until it was revoked during the French Revolution. In 1528, King Francis I granted the town to his sister-in-law, Renée of France, Duchess of Ferrara, after her husband Ercole II, the Duke of Ferrara died in 1559, Renée resided at Montargis. She sheltered there Protestant Huguenots fleeing from persecutions in Paris and elsewhere during the 16th century French Wars of Religion, the best-known legend of Montargis is that of the Dog of Montargis. In the story, Aubry de Montdidier, a courtier of King Charles V of France, was murdered around 1400 in a forest near Montargis by Robert Macaire, after his death, Mondidiers dog showed a remarkable hostility to Macaire. King Charles decreed a trial by combat in the town between the dog and Macaire, who was armed with only a cudgel, after the dog won the battle, Macaire confessed to the crime and was hanged. A dramatic bronze statue of this fight is in the courtyard of the Girodet Museum in central Montargis, and the contest is depicted in a stained glass window in a local church as well. The story was the subject of a 19th-century melodrama, Le Chien de Montargis, ou la Forêt de Bondy, in the 1880s, a rubber factory was built in Châlette, a district of Montargis
Montargis
–
The Briare Canal in Montargis
7.
Joan of Arc
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Joan of Arc, nicknamed The Maid of Orléans, is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years War and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint. Joan of Arc was born to Jacques dArc and Isabelle Romée, the uncrowned King Charles VII sent Joan to the siege of Orléans as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence after the siege was lifted nine days later. Several additional swift victories led to Charles VIIs coronation at Reims and this long-awaited event boosted French morale and paved the way for the final French victory. On 23 May 1430, she was captured at Compiègne by the Burgundian faction and she was later handed over to the English and put on trial by the pro-English Bishop of Beauvais Pierre Cauchon on a variety of charges. After Cauchon declared her guilty she was burned at the stake on 30 May 1431, in 1456, an inquisitorial court authorized by Pope Callixtus III examined the trial, debunked the charges against her, pronounced her innocent, and declared her a martyr. In the 16th century she became a symbol of the Catholic League and she was beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920. Cultural depictions of her have continued in films, theater, television, video games, music, the Hundred Years War had begun in 1337 as an inheritance dispute over the French throne, interspersed with occasional periods of relative peace. Nearly all the fighting had taken place in France, and the English armys use of chevauchée tactics had devastated the economy, the French population had not recovered to its size previous to the Black Death of the mid-14th century, and its merchants were isolated from foreign markets. Prior to the appearance of Joan of Arc, the English had nearly achieved their goal of a monarchy under English control. In the words of DeVries, The kingdom of France was not even a shadow of its thirteenth-century prototype, the French king at the time of Joans birth, Charles VI, suffered from bouts of insanity and was often unable to rule. The kings brother Louis, Duke of Orléans, and the kings cousin John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, quarreled over the regency of France and the guardianship of the royal children. This dispute included accusations that Louis was having an affair with the queen, Isabeau of Bavaria. The conflict climaxed with the assassination of the Duke of Orléans in 1407 on the orders of the Duke of Burgundy, the young Charles of Orléans succeeded his father as duke and was placed in the custody of his father-in-law, the Count of Armagnac. Their faction became known as the Armagnac faction, and the party led by the Duke of Burgundy was called the Burgundian faction. In 1418 Paris was taken by the Burgundians, who massacred the Count of Armagnac, the future French king, Charles VII, assumed the title of Dauphin—the heir to the throne—at the age of fourteen, after all four of his older brothers had died in succession. His first significant official act was to conclude a treaty with the Duke of Burgundy in 1419. This ended in disaster when Armagnac partisans assassinated John the Fearless during a meeting under Charless guarantee of protection, the new duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good, blamed Charles for the murder and entered into an alliance with the English
Joan of Arc
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Painting, c. 1485. An artist's interpretation, since the only known direct portrait has not survived. (Centre Historique des Archives Nationales, Paris, AE II 2490)
Joan of Arc
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Joan's birthplace in
Domrémy is now a museum. The village church where she attended Mass is on the right behind the trees.
Joan of Arc
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15th-century depiction of the Siege of Orléans, 1429
Joan of Arc
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Ruin of the great hall at
Château de Chinon where she met the future King Charles VII. The castle's only remaining intact tower, now known as the 'Joan of Arc Tower', has been turned into a museum dedicated to her.
8.
Battle of Patay
–
The Battle of Patay was the culminating engagement of the Loire Campaign of the Hundred Years War between the French and English in north-central France. It was a victory for the French and decimated the corps of veteran English longbowmen. This victory was to the French what Agincourt was to the English, after the English abandoned the Siege of Orléans on 8 May 1429, the survivors of the besieging forces withdrew to nearby garrisons along the Loire. On 12 June they took Jargeau by storm, then captured the bridge at Meung-sur-Loire and marched on, without attacking the nearby castle, to lay siege to Beaugency on 15 June. Talbot urged an attack to relieve Beaugency, but was opposed by the more cautious Fastolf. Talbot then agreed to Fastolfs proposal to retreat towards Paris, learning of this movement, the French set off in pursuit, and intercepted the English army near the village of Patay. Becoming aware of the French approach, Talbot sent a force of archers to ambush them from a patch of woods along the road and this ambush was discovered by scouts when a stag ran into the concealed longbowmen and they let out an excited shout. Talbot attempted to redeploy his men, setting up 500 longbowmen in a location which would block the main road, Fastolfs unit attempted to join up with the English vanguard but the latter fled, forcing Fastolf to follow suit. The rest of the battle was a prolonged mopping-up operation against the fleeing English units, with little organized resistance. In the rout and mop-up the English lost approximately 2,200 men out of a force of about 5,000, many of them the dreaded longbowmen, Fastolf, the only English commander who remained on horseback, managed to escape. Talbot, Scales and Sir Thomas Rempston were captured, Talbot later accused Fastolf of deserting his comrades in the face of the enemy, a charge which he pursued vigorously once he had negotiated his release from captivity. Fastolf hotly denied the charge and was cleared of the charge by a special chapter of the Order of the Garter. The Hundred Years War, England and France at War c, conquest, The English Kingdom of France in the Hundred Years War. The Real Falstaff, Sir John Fastolf and the Hundred Years War, Joan of Arc, A Military Leader. Richey, Stephen W. Joan of Arc, The Warrior Saint, medieval warfare Patay Joan of Arc bibliography Joan of Arc And The Loire Valley Campaign from history of Joan of Arc Dynamic maps of Joan of Arcs campaigns from Southern Methodist University
Battle of Patay
–
The French and English clashing. The English, however, did not fight on horseback
9.
Normandy
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Normandy is one of the regions of France, roughly corresponding to the historical Duchy of Normandy. Administratively, Normandy is divided into five departments, Calvados, Eure, Manche, Orne and it covers 30,627 km², forming roughly 5% of the territory of France. Its population of 3.37 million accounts for around 5% of the population of France, Normans is the name given to the inhabitants of Normandy, and the region is the homeland of the Norman language. The historical region of Normandy comprised the region of Normandy, as well as small areas now part of the départements, or departments of Mayenne. For a century and a following the Norman conquest of England in 1066, Normandy and England were linked by Norman. Archaeological finds, such as paintings, prove that humans were present in the region in prehistoric times. Celts invaded Normandy in successive waves from the 4th to the 3rd century BC, when Julius Caesar invaded Gaul, there were nine different Celtic tribes living in Normandy. The Romanisation of Normandy was achieved by the methods, Roman roads. Classicists have knowledge of many Gallo-Roman villas in Normandy, in the late 3rd century, barbarian raids devastated Normandy. Coastal settlements were raided by Saxon pirates, Christianity also began to enter the area during this period. In 406, Germanic tribes began invading from the east, while the Saxons subjugated the Norman coast, the Roman Emperor withdrew from most of Normandy. As early as 487, the area between the River Somme and the River Loire came under the control of the Frankish lord Clovis, the Vikings started to raid the Seine Valley during the middle of the 9th century. As early as 841, a Viking fleet appeared at the mouth of the Seine, after attacking and destroying monasteries, including one at Jumièges, they took advantage of the power vacuum created by the disintegration of Charlemagnes empire to take northern France. The fiefdom of Normandy was created for the Norwegian Viking leader Hrólfr Ragnvaldsson, Rollo had besieged Paris but in 911 entered vassalage to the king of the West Franks, Charles the Simple, through the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte. In exchange for his homage and fealty, Rollo legally gained the territory which he, the name Normandy reflects Rollos Viking origins. The descendants of Rollo and his followers adopted the local Gallo-Romance language and they became the Normans – a Norman-speaking mixture of Saxons and indigenous Franks and Celts. Besides the Norman conquest of England and the subsequent conquests of Wales and Ireland, Norman families, such as that of Tancred of Hauteville, Rainulf Drengot and Guimond de Moulins played important parts in the Norman conquest of southern Italy and Crusades. They also carved out a place for themselves and their descendants in the Crusader states of Asia Minor, the 14th century Norman explorer Jean de Béthencourt established a kingdom in the Canary Islands
Normandy
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Roman theatre in
Lillebonne
Normandy
Normandy
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Allied invasion of Normandy,
D-Day, 1944
Normandy
–
A typical northeastern Norman village
10.
Montmorillon
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Montmorillon is a commune in the Vienne department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, in western France. The clay mineral montmorillonite was named after Montmorillon after its discovery there in 1847, Montmorillon is well known for its macarons, and has a museum dedicated to it. The Maison Rannou-Métivier is the oldest macaron bakery in Montmorillon, dating back to 1920, the traditional recipe for Montmorillon macarons remains unchanged for over 150 years. The widely popular Coopération pédagogique range of posters were produced in Montmorillon. Joseph Carré, architect Simon Pagenaud, Champion Indycar Driver Communes of the Vienne department INSEE Tourisme Montmorillon
Montmorillon
–
The town hall in Montmorillon
11.
Jack (playing card)
–
The usual rank of a jack, within its suit, plays as if it were an 11. As the lowest face card, the jack often represents a minimum standard — for example, the earliest predecessor of the knave was the thānī nāib in the Mamluk card deck. This was the lowest of the three cards and like all court cards was depicted through abstract art or calligraphy. When brought over to Italy and Spain, the thānī nāib was made into a soldier or page ranking below the knight card. In France, where the card was called the valet, the queen was inserted between the king and knight, the knight was subsequently dropped out of non-Tarot decks leaving the valet directly under the queen. The king-queen-valet format then made its way into England, as early as the mid-16th century the card was known in England as the knave. The knave card had been called a jack as part of the terminology of the game All Fours since the 17th century, however, because the card abbreviation for knave was so close to that of the king, the two were easily confused. The earliest deck known of this type is from 1693, but such positioning did not become widespread until reintroduced by Hart in 1864, together with the knave-to-jack change. Books of card games published in the quarter of the 19th century still referred to the knave however. In some southern Italian decks, there are androgynous knaves that are referred to as maids. In the Sicilian Tarot deck, the knaves are female and are also known as maids. As this deck also includes queens, it is the traditional set to survive into modern times with two ranks of female face cards. This pack may have influenced by the obsolete Portuguese deck which also had female knaves. Also, the modern Mexican pattern has female knaves, the figure of the jack has been used in many literary works throughout history. Among these is one by 17th-century English writer Samuel Rowlands, the Four Knaves is a series of Satirical Tracts, with Introduction and Notes by E. F. Rimbault, upon the subject of playing cards. His The Knave of Clubbs, Tis Merry When Knaves Meet was first published in 1600, the cards shown here are from a Paris pattern deck, and include the historical and mythological names associated with them. The English pattern of the jacks can be seen in the photo at the top of the page. The jack, traditionally the lowest face card, has often promoted to a higher or the highest position in the traditional ranking of cards
Jack (playing card)
–
Jack cards of all four suits
Jack (playing card)
–
Jack of Clubs from the
Visconti-Sforza tarot deck
12.
Peter Strauss
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Peter Lawrence Strauss is an American television and movie actor, known for his roles in several television miniseries in the 1970s and 1980s. Strauss was born in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, the son of Warren B, Strauss graduated from the Hackley School in 1965 and Northwestern University in 1969. He married actress Rachel Ticotin on December 31,1998, notably, he plays Abel Roznovski in Kane and Abel, the TV miniseries from Jeffrey Archers book of the same title. He won an Emmy Award for his role on the 1979 made-for-television movie The Jericho Mile and his other noted television miniseries credits include starring roles in Rich Man, Poor Man, its sequel Rich Man, Poor Man Book II, and Masada. Strauss plays Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. in the 1977 TV movie Young Joe, Strauss starred in the films Soldier Blue and Spacehunter, Adventures in the Forbidden Zone, and has appeared in several others. He voiced the character of Justin, Captain of the Guard, in the 1982 animated film The Secret of NIMH, Strauss starred as an abused husband in the television movie Men Dont Tell, alongside Judith Light. In 2005, he played the U. S. president in the thriller XXX and he was the voice of Moses in the animated series K10C, Kids Ten Commandments. He starred in the short-lived series Body & Soul as Dr. Isaac Braun in 2002 and he provided the voice for Stoker Van Rotten in both the 1990s and 2006 versions of Biker Mice From Mars. Other work includes commercials for Miracle-Gro, Strauss runs a successful citrus production business and is on the advisory board of the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden. He sold a property to the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy. The ranch has since acquired by the National Park Service as the Peter Strauss Ranch. Peter Strauss at the Internet Movie Database
Peter Strauss
–
Strauss at the premiere of F.I.S.T, April 1978
13.
The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc
–
The Messenger, The Story of Joan of Arc is a 1999 French historical drama film directed by Luc Besson. The film stars Milla Jovovich, John Malkovich, Faye Dunaway, the screenplay was written by Besson and Andrew Birkin, and the original music score was composed by Éric Serra. The Messenger portrays the story of St. Joan of Arc and her success in routing the English allows Charles VII to take the throne. Eventually Joan is tried and executed for heresy, Bessons previous film, The Fifth Element, which also starred Jovovich, was a critical and financial success, and it had a positive influence on both their careers. The Messenger was intended to follow up that success and cement the status of Besson, however, the film received mixed reviews from critics and underperformed at the box office, earning just under $67 million on an $60 million budget. As a child, Joan has a violent and supernatural vision and she returns home to find her village burning. Her sister Catherine tries to protect her by hiding her from the attacking English forces, Joan, while hiding, witnesses the brutal murder and rape of her sister. Afterward, Joan is taken in by distant relatives, after meeting him and his mother-in-law Yolande of Aragon she describes her visions. Clad in armor, Joan leads the French army to the city of Orléans. She gives the English a chance to surrender, which they refuse, the armies commanders, skeptical of Joans leadership, initiate the next mornings battle to take over the stockade at St. Loup without her. By the time she arrives on the battlefield, the French soldiers are retreating, Joan ends the retreat and leads another charge, successfully capturing the fort. They proceed to the stronghold called the Tourelles. Joan gives the English another chance to surrender, but they refuse, Joan leads the French soldiers to attack the Tourelles, though the English defenders inflict heavy casualties, also severely wounding Joan. Nevertheless, Joan leads an attack the following day. As the English army regroups, the French army moves to face them across an open field, Joan rides alone toward the English and offers them a final chance to surrender and return to England. The English accept her offer and retreat, Joan returns to Rheims to witness the coronation of Charles VII of France. Her military campaigns then continue to the walls of Paris, though she does not receive her requested reinforcements, Joan tells King Charles VII to give her another army, but he refuses, saying he now prefers diplomacy over warfare. Believing she threatens his position and will require expenditure of treasure and she is taken prisoner by the pro-English Burgundians at Compiègne, who sell her to the English
The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc
–
French theatrical release poster
14.
John Ford
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John Ford was an American film director. His four Academy Awards for Best Director remain a record, one of the films for which he won the award, How Green Was My Valley, also won Best Picture. In a career spanned more than 50 years, Ford directed more than 140 films and he is widely regarded as one of the most important. Fords work was held in regard by his colleagues, with Orson Welles. Ford made frequent use of shooting and long shots, in which his characters were framed against a vast, harsh. Ford was born John Martin Jack Feeney in Cape Elizabeth, Maine to John Augustine Feeney and Barbara Abbey Curran and his father, John Augustine, was born in Spiddal, County Galway, Ireland in 1854. Barbara Curran had been born in the Aran Islands, in the town of Kilronan on the island of Inishmore, John A. Feeneys grandmother, Barbara Morris, was said to be a member of a local gentry family, the Morrises of Spiddal. John Augustine and Barbara Curran arrived in Boston and Portland respectively in May and they married in 1875 and became American citizens five years later on September 11,1880. John Augustine lived in the Munjoy Hill neighborhood of Portland, Maine with his family, and would try farming, fishing, working for the gas company, running a saloon, and being an alderman. Feeney attended Portland High School, Portland, Maine, where he was a successful fullback and he earned the nickname Bull because of the way he would lower his helmet and charge the line. A Portland pub is named Bull Feeneys in his honor and he later moved to California and in 1914 began working in film production as well as acting for his older brother Francis, adopting Jack Ford as a professional name. In addition to credited roles, he appeared uncredited as a Klansman in D. W. Griffiths 1915 The Birth of a Nation and he married Mary McBride Smith on July 3,1920, and they had two children. His daughter Barbara was married to singer and actor Ken Curtis from 1952 to 1964, what difficulty was caused by the two marrying is unclear as the level of John Fords commitment to the Catholic faith is disputed. A strain would have been Fords many extramarital relationships, John Ford began his career in film after moving to California in July 1914. He followed in the footsteps of his older brother Francis Ford, twelve years his senior. John Ford started out in his brothers films as an assistant, handyman, stuntman and occasional actor, frequently doubling for his brother, Francis gave his younger brother his first acting role in The Mysterious Rose. Despite an often combative relationship, within three years Jack had progressed to become Francis chief assistant and often worked as his cameraman, by the time Jack Ford was given his first break as a director, Francis profile was declining and he ceased working as a director soon after. One notable feature of John Fords films is that he used a company of actors
John Ford
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Ford in 1946
John Ford
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The Searchers (1956)
John Ford
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Ford in 1973
John Ford
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John Ford with portrait and Oscar, circa 1946
15.
Ward Bond
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Among his best-remembered roles are Bert, the cop, in James Stewarts Its a Wonderful Life and Captain Clayton in John Waynes The Searchers. Bond was born in Benkelman in Dundy County, Nebraska, Benkelman is a small town located in the southwestern corner of the state near the Kansas and Colorado state lines. The Bond family, John W. Mabel L. and sister Bernice, lived in Benkelman until 1919 when they moved to Denver, Colorado, Bond attended the University of Southern California and played football on the same team as future USC coach Jess Hill. At 62 and 195 pounds, Bond was a lineman on USCs first national championship team in 1928. Bond and John Wayne, who as Marion Michael Morrison, had played tackle for USC in 1926 before an injury ended his career, became lifelong friends and colleagues. Bond, Wayne, and the entire Southern Cal team were hired to appear in Salute, during the filming of this movie, Bond and Wayne befriended Ford, and appeared in many of Fords later films. Bond made his debut in Salute and thereafter was a busy character actor. He appeared in 31 films released in 1935 and 23 in 1939, rarely playing the lead in theatrical films, he starred in the television series Wagon Train from 1957 until his death in 1960. He was frequently typecast as a policeman or as a brutal thug. Bond later starred in the popular series Wagon Train from 1957 until his death, Wagon Train was inspired by the 1950 film Wagon Master, in which Bond also appeared. Wagon Master was influenced by the earlier The Big Trail, for Wagon Train, Bond was assigned the lead role of the crusty but compassionate Major Seth Adams, the trail master. Bond specifically requested Terry Wilson for the role of assistant trail master Bill Hawks, Wilson and McGrath stayed with the series for the entire run on NBC and then ABC from 1957 to 1965. Upon Bonds death in 1960, the master role passed in 1961 to John McIntire. An epileptic, he was rejected by the draft during World War II, in 1960, Bond campaigned for the Republican presidential nominee Richard M. Nixon. Bond died three days before Democrat John F. Kennedy narrowly defeated Nixon, Bond appears in more of the films on both the original and the tenth anniversary edition of the American Film Institutes 100 Years. Pop Perry Fort Apache – Sgt, John Wayne gave the eulogy at his funeral. Bonds will bequeathed to Wayne the shotgun with which Wayne had once accidentally shot Bond, for his contribution to the television industry, Bond has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6933 Hollywood Blvd. In 2001, he was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, also, a Ward Bond Memorial Park is in his birthplace of Benkelman, Nebraska
Ward Bond
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Ward Bond
Ward Bond
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As Reverend Captain Clayton in
The Searchers (1956)
Ward Bond
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With
John Wayne in
The Searchers (1956)
Ward Bond
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Jean Rogers, John Wayne, and Bond in
Conflict (1936)
16.
Joan of Arc (1948 film)
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Joan of Arc is a 1948 American hagiographic epic film directed by Victor Fleming, and starring Ingrid Bergman as the French religious icon and war heroine. It was produced by Walter Wanger and it is based on Maxwell Andersons successful Broadway play Joan of Lorraine, which also starred Bergman, and was adapted for the screen by Anderson himself, in collaboration with Andrew Solt. It is the film of an Anderson play for which the author himself wrote the film script. Bergman had been lobbying to play Joan for many years, and it received mixed reviews and lower-than-expected box office, though it clearly was not a financial disaster as is often claimed. Donald Spoto, in a biography of Ingrid Bergman, even claims that the critics denunciations notwithstanding, the movie is considered by some to mark the start of a low period in the actresss career that would last until she made Anastasia in 1956. The nearly two-and-a-half-hour film was drastically edited for its general release. Bergman and co-star José Ferrer received Academy Award nominations for their performances, the film was director Victor Flemings last project—he died only two months after its release. Sragrow speculates that the disappointment of the relationship and the failure of the film may have led to Flemings fatal heart attack. While contemporary critics may have agreed with Flemings assessment of Joan of Arc, filming began 16 September 1947 and was done primarily at Hal Roach Studios, with location scenes shot in the Los Angeles area. The movie was first released in November 1948 by RKO, the 1948 Sierra Pictures never produced another film after Joan of Arc. The film recorded a loss of $2,480,436, the complete 145 minute version of Joan of Arc remained unseen in the U. S. for about forty-nine years. Although the complete Technicolor negatives remained in storage in Hollywood, the soundtrack was thought to be lost. The movie was restored in 1998 after a print in mint condition was found in Europe. When it finally appeared on DVD, the complete version was hailed by online movie critics as being much superior to the edited version. It was released on DVD in 2004, the edited version received its first television showing on CBS on the evening of April 12,1968, and has been shown on Ted Turners WTCG and on cable several times. However, the version was finally shown on Turner Classic Movies on March 13,2011. This marked the first time that the unedited version had ever been shown on American television. It has now been several times by TCM and appears to have supplanted the edited version
Joan of Arc (1948 film)
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Original theatrical release poster
17.
Ingrid Bergman
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Ingrid Bergman was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films. She won three Academy Awards, two Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, and the Tony Award for Best Actress. She is best remembered for her roles as Ilsa Lund in Casablanca and as Alicia Huberman in Notorious, before becoming a star in American films, Bergman had been a leading actress in Swedish films. Her introduction to American audiences came with her role in the English-language remake of Intermezzo. Selznicks financial problems meant that Bergman was often loaned to other studios, apart from Casablanca, her performances from this period include Victor Flemings remake of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, For Whom the Bell Tolls, Gaslight, and The Bells of St. Marys. Her last films for Selznick were Alfred Hitchcocks Spellbound and Notorious and her final film for Hitchcock was Under Capricorn. After a decade in American films, she starred in Roberto Rossellinis Stromboli, many of her personal and film documents can be seen in the Wesleyan University Cinema Archives. According to the St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, Bergman quickly became the ideal of American womanhood, in 2007, the American Film Institute ranked Bergman as the fourth-greatest female screen legend of classic American cinema. Bergman, named after Princess Ingrid of Sweden, was born on 29 August 1915 in Stockholm, to a Swedish father, Justus Bergman, when she was two years old, her mother died. Her father, who was an artist and photographer, died when she was 13, in the years before he died, he wanted her to become an opera star, and had her take voice lessons for three years. But she always knew from the beginning that she wanted to be an actress, sometimes wearing her mothers clothes and her father documented all her birthdays with a borrowed camera. After his death, she was sent to live with an aunt and she then moved in with her Aunt Hulda and Uncle Otto, who had five children. Another aunt she visited, Elsa Adler, first told Ingrid, when she was 11, that her mother may have had some Jewish blood, but her aunt also cautioned her about telling others about her possible ancestry as there might be some difficult times coming. Biographer Aleksandra Ziolkowska-Boehm, however, notes that the claim of Jewish blood was likely an embellishment, after being forced to do an in-depth genealogical investigation, Bergmans maternal cousin found there to be no Jewish ancestry on Bergmans mothers side. Later, she received a scholarship to the state-sponsored Royal Dramatic Theatre School, after several months she was given a part in a new play, Ett Brott, written by Sigfrid Siwertz. Chandler notes that this was totally against procedure at the school, during her first summer break, she was also hired by a Swedish film studio, which led to her leaving the Royal Dramatic Theatre after just one year, to work in films full-time. Her first film role after leaving the Royal Dramatic Theatre was a part in 1935s Munkbrogreven. She went on to act in a films in Sweden, including En kvinnas ansikte, which was later remade as A Womans Face with Joan Crawford
Ingrid Bergman
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Ingrid Bergman
Ingrid Bergman
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Ingrid Bergman at 14
Ingrid Bergman
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Her first film, Munkbrogreven (1935) at age 19.
Ingrid Bergman
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With Humphrey Bogart in Casablanca
18.
Victor Fleming
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Victor Lonzo Fleming was an American film director, cinematographer, and producer. His most popular films were The Wizard of Oz, and Gone with the Wind, Fleming has two films listed in the top 10 of the American Film Institutes 2007 AFIs 100 Years.100 Movies list. His mother was of part German descent and he served in the photographic section during World War I, and acted as chief photographer for President Woodrow Wilson in Versailles, France. He showed a mechanical aptitude early in life, while working as a car mechanic, he met the director Allan Dwan and he soon rose to the rank of cinematographer, working with both Dwan and D. W. Griffith, and directed his first film in 1919. Many of his silent films were action movies, often starring Douglas Fairbanks, because of his robust attitude and love of outdoor sports, he became known as a mans director, however, he also proved an effective director of women. Under his direction, Vivien Leigh won the Best Actress Oscar, Hattie McDaniel won for Best Supporting Actress, in 1932, Fleming joined MGM and directed some of the studios most prestigious films. Red Dust, Bombshell, and Reckless showcasing Jean Harlow, while Treasure Island and his two most famous films came in 1939, when The Wizard of Oz was closely followed by Gone with the Wind. Flemings version of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, with Spencer Tracy, was generally rated below Rouben Mamoulians 1931 pre-code version, Flemings 1942 film version of John Steinbecks Tortilla Flat starred Tracy, John Garfield, Hedy Lamarr, and Frank Morgan. Other films that Fleming made with Tracy include Captains Courageous, A Guy Named Joe and he directed Clark Gable in a total of five films – Red Dust, The White Sister, Test Pilot, Gone with the Wind, and Adventure. He owned the Moraga Estate in Bel Air, Los Angeles, California, frequent guests to his estate were Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh, Ingrid Bergman, and Spencer Tracy. He died suddenly, while en route to a hospital in Cottonwood and his death occurred shortly after completing Joan of Arc with Ingrid Bergman, one of the few films that he did not make for MGM. Despite mixed reviews, Flemings film version of the life of Joan received seven Academy Award nominations and it was reported in James Curtis book Spencer Tracy, A Biography that Anne Revere once said Fleming was violently pro-Nazi and strongly opposed to the United States entering World War II. Furthermore, Revere had made her comment because she felt she had been cast in the film The Yearling over Flora Robson because Robson was British. However, at the time of the casting, Fleming was working on the film Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, which featured a British producer, furthermore, Revere did not know Fleming beyond their professional relationship. According to the biography, no other supporting evidence has been found for Reveres claim. Joan of Arc Adventure A Guy Named Joe Tortilla Flat Dr. Jekyll and Mr
Victor Fleming
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Victor Fleming
Victor Fleming
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Victor Fleming on the set of The Wizard of Oz.
19.
Otto Preminger
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Otto Ludwig Preminger was an American theatre and film director, originally from Austria-Hungary. He directed more than 35 feature films in a career after leaving the theatre. He first gained attention for film noir such as Laura and Fallen Angel, while in the 1950s and 60s, he directed a number of high-profile adaptations of popular novels. Several of these later films pushed the boundaries of censorship by dealing with topics which were taboo in Hollywood, such as drug addiction, rape. He was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director and he also had a few acting roles. Preminger was born in 1905 in Wiznitz, Bukovina, Austro-Hungarian Empire and his parents were Josefa and Markus Preminger. The couple provided a home life for Preminger and his younger brother Ingwald, known as Ingo. After the assassination in 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which led to the Great War, like other refugees in flight, Markus Preminger saw Austria as a safe haven for his family. He secured a position as prosecutor in Graz, capital of Styria. When the Preminger family relocated, Otto was nearly nine, and was enrolled in a school where instruction in Catholic dogma was mandatory and Jewish history, Ingo, not yet four, remained at home. After a year in Graz, the public prosecutor was summoned to Vienna. Markus was told that the position would be his if he converted to Catholicism. The next year, he relocated his family to Vienna, where Otto later claimed to have been born, Premingers first theatrical ambition was to become an actor. In his early teens, he was able to recite from memory many of the monologues from the international classic repertory. Premingers most successful performance in the National Library rotunda was Mark Antonys funeral oration from Julius Caesar, as he read, watched, and after a fashion began to produce plays, he began to miss more and more classes in school. When the war came to an end, Markus formed his own law practice and he instilled in both his sons a sense of fair play as well as respect for those with opposing viewpoints. As his fathers practice continued to thrive in postwar Vienna, Otto began seriously contemplating a career in the theater, in 1923, when Preminger was 17, his soon-to-be mentor, Max Reinhardt, the renowned Viennese-born director, announced plans to establish a theatrical company in Vienna. Reinhardts announcement was seen as a call of destiny to Preminger and he began writing to Reinhardt weekly, requesting an audition
Otto Preminger
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Preminger in 1976, by
Allan Warren
Otto Preminger
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Preminger and author
John D. Voelker in the
trailer for
Anatomy of a Murder
Otto Preminger
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The niche of Otto Preminger in
Woodlawn Cemetery
20.
Patrick Barr
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Patrick David Barr was a British film and television actor. Born in Akola, India in 1908, Patrick Barr went from stage to screen with The Merry Men of Sherwood and he spent the 1930s playing various beneficent authority figures and reliable friend types. As a conscientious objector during the Second World War, Barr helped people in the Blitz in Londons East End before serving with the Friends Ambulance Unit in Africa. There he met his wife Anne Jean Williams, marrying her after ten days, it would have been sooner, but they had to get permission from London. On television, he appeared in Doctor Who in 1967 as Hobson in the serial entitled The Moonbase, in the 1970 Randall & Hopkirk episode You Can Always Find a Fall Guy and appeared once in The Avengers. In the 1981 BBC Radio 4 adaptation of The Lord of the Rings, Patrick Barr died in London in 1985 at the age of 77. Patrick Barr at the Internet Movie Database Patrick Barr at the Internet Broadway Database
Patrick Barr
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Patrick Barr
21.
Cecil B. De Mille
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Cecil Blount DeMille was an American filmmaker. Between 1913 and 1956, he made a total of 70 features and he is acknowledged as a founding father of the cinema of the United States and the most commercially successful producer-director in film history. His films were distinguished by their scale and by his cinematic showmanship. He made silent films of every genre, social dramas, comedies, Westerns, farces, morality plays, DeMille began his career as a stage actor in 1900. He later moved to writing and directing stage productions, some with Jesse Lasky, DeMilles first film, The Squaw Man, was also the first feature film shot in Hollywood. Its interracial love story made it a hit and it put Hollywood on the map. The continued success of his productions led to the founding of Paramount Pictures with Lasky and his first biblical epic, The Ten Commandments, was both a critical and financial success, it held the Paramount revenue record for twenty-five years. In 1927 he directed The King of Kings, a biography of Jesus of Nazareth, the Sign of the Cross was the first sound film to integrate all aspects of cinematic technique. Cleopatra was his first film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, after more than thirty years in film production, DeMille reached the pinnacle of his career with Samson and Delilah, a biblical epic which did an all-time record business. Along with biblical and historical narratives, he directed films oriented toward neo-naturalism. He went on to receive his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director for his circus drama The Greatest Show on Earth and his last and most famous film, The Ten Commandments, is currently the sixth-highest-grossing film of all time, adjusted for inflation. He was also the first recipient of the Golden Globe Cecil B, DeMille Award, which was later named in his honor. There are several variants of DeMilles surname and his familys Dutch surname was originally spelled de Mil and then became de Mille. As an adult, he adopted the spelling DeMille for professional purposes, the family name de Mille was used by his children Cecilia, John, Richard, and Katherine. DeMilles brother William and his daughters, Margaret and Agnes, as well as DeMilles granddaughter, Cecilia de Mille Presley, Cecil Blount DeMille was born in Ashfield, Massachusetts, while his parents were vacationing there, and grew up in Washington, North Carolina. His father, Henry Churchill de Mille, was a North Carolina-born dramatist and lay reader in the Episcopal Church and his mother was Matilda Beatrice DeMille, whose parents were both of German Jewish heritage. She emigrated from England with her parents in 1871 when she was 18, Beatrice grew up in a middle-class English household. DeMilles mother was related to British politician Herbert Louis Samuel, DeMilles parents met as members of a music and literary society in New York
Cecil B. De Mille
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Cecil B. DeMille, c. 1920
Cecil B. De Mille
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c. 1904
Cecil B. De Mille
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DeMille as producer of the CBS Radio Theatre, 1937
Cecil B. De Mille
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DeMille's tomb at Hollywood Forever Cemetery
22.
Hobart Bosworth
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Hobart Van Zandt Bosworth was an American film actor, director, writer, and producer. He was born on August 11,1867 in Marietta, Ohio. He was a descendant of Miles Standish and John and Priscilla Alden on his fathers side and of New Yorks Van Zandt family, Bosworth was always proud of his lineage. After his mother died, his father remarried and young Hobart took a dislike to his stepmother, considering himself ill used and cruelly treated, as he told an interviewer in 1914, he ran away to New York City. There he signed on as a cabin boy aboard the Sovereign of the Seas, a clipper ship, after his first voyage, a five-month trip that took him from New York to San Francisco, Hobart spent his wages on candy. He continued as a sailor as the sea was in his familys blood and he once told an interviewer, All my people were of the sea and my father was a naval officer. He spent eleven months on an old fashioned whaler plying the Arctic, back in San Francisco, he found work at odd jobs. When not otherwise occupied becoming a boxer and wrestler, Bosworth tried ranching in Southern California and Mexico. Finally, his interest in the arts led him to the stage, thinking he would like to become a landscape painter, a friend suggested that he work as a stage manager to raise the money to study art. Acting on his friends advice, Bosworth obtained a job with McKee Rankin as a manager at the California Theatre in San Francisco. Earning some money, he undertook the study of painting, eventually, he was pressed into duty as an actor in a small part with three lines. Though he botched the lines, he was given small roles. Bosworth was eighteen years old, and on the cusp of a life in the theater, Hobart signed on with Louis Morrison to be part of a road company for a season as both an actor and as Morrisons dresser, playing Shakespeares Cymbeline and Measure for Measure. During his time with the company, Hobart and another wrote a version of Faust that Morrison used for twenty years in repertory. By 1887, he was acting at the Alcazar Theatre in San Francisco and he became proficient enough on stage to give Shakespearean canon by the time he was twenty-one years old, though he admitted that he was the worst Macbeth ever. Bosworth eventually wound up in Park City, Utah, where he worked in a mine and he escaped the pits to tour with the magician Hermann the Great as the conjurers assistant for a tour through Mexico. For the first time in years, the 21-year-old Bosworth met his father. Hobart recalled, He looked at me and said, Hum, I couldnt lick you now, son
Hobart Bosworth
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Hobart Bosworth
Hobart Bosworth
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From left to right,
Monte Blue,
Miriam Cooper, and Hobart Bosworth in costume for a publicity still for the silent drama Betrayed (1917)
Hobart Bosworth
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In a scene still for the 1919 silent drama "Behind the Door," German U-boat commander Lieutenant Brandt (played by Wallace Beery) is being throttled by American Merchant Marine Captain Oscar Krug (Hobart Bosworth).
23.
Jack Watson (actor)
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Jack Watson, was an English actor who appeared in many British films and television dramas from the 1950s onwards. During the Second World War, he was a training instructor in the Royal Navy. During the war he was resident compère of Navy Mixture and his first major role was in Coronation Street where he became Elsie Tanners first lover. Probably his best-known television role was as Llud, Arthurs craggy sidekick in Arthur of the Britons and his last major TV role was in the award-winning Edge of Darkness. He died 14 years later at the age of 84 and his films included Peeping Tom, This Sporting Life, Grand Prix, Tobruk, The McKenzie Break, The Devils Brigade and The Wild Geese. In total he appeared in over 70 films, Jack Watson at the Internet Movie Database Jack Watson at Find a Grave
Jack Watson (actor)
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Watson in the trailer for The Devil's Brigade (1968)
24.
Hallmark Hall of Fame
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Hallmark Hall of Fame is an anthology program on American television, sponsored by Hallmark Cards, a Kansas City-based greeting card company. The longest-running primetime series in the history of television, it has a long run, beginning in 1951. From 1954 onward, all of its productions have been broadcast in color and it holds a place in television history as one of the first video productions to telecast in color, a rarity in the 1950s. The series has received eighty Emmy Awards, twenty-four Christopher Awards, eleven Peabody Awards, nine Golden Globes, once a common practice in American television, it is the last remaining television program where the title includes the name of its sponsor. Unlike other long-running TV series still on the air, it differs in that it only occasionally. The Hallmark Playhouse changed to more serious literature from all genres and it was the first time a major corporation developed a television project specifically as a means of promoting its products to the viewing public. The program was such a success that it was restaged by Hallmark several times during a period of fifteen years, amahl was also staged by other NBC television anthologies. Early productions included some of the works of Shakespeare, Hamlet, Richard II, The Taming of the Shrew, Macbeth, Twelfth Night. Biographical subjects were very eclectic, ranging from Florence Nightingale to Father Flanagan to Joan of Arc, in a few cases, the actors repeated their original Broadway roles. Two different productions of Hamlet have been broadcast on the Hallmark Hall of Fame, one featuring Maurice Evans, neither one was more than two hours long. Evans and actress Judith Anderson performed their famous stage Macbeth on the Hallmark Hall of Fame on two occasions, each time with a different supporting cast. It may have set a record for the most-nominated Shakespeare production to ever be televised and it was left to National Educational Television and Public Broadcasting Service to be the pioneers in presenting nearly complete Shakespeare productions on American television. As a result of Foote, Cone, and Belding Advertising executive, a Tale of Two Cities was the first Hallmark production to run three hours. The late 1980s featured productions such as Foxfire, My Name is Bill W. Sarah, Plain and Tall, to Dance With the White Dog, The Piano Lesson, and What the Deaf Man Heard. One installment, Promise, featuring James Garner and James Woods, won five Emmys, through the 1980s and 1990s, Hallmark Hall of Fame movies often had twice the budget of other network movies. Hallmark movies also ran approximately 10–15 minutes longer because Hallmark Cards fully sponsored the movies and had commercial breaks. Unlike most network movies of the period, Hallmark always filmed on location, for nearly three decades the series was broadcast by NBC, but the network cancelled it in late 1978 due to declining ratings. Since then, the series has been televised by CBS from 1979 to 1989, then on ABC from 1989 to 1995, then CBS again from 1995 until 2011, when that network cancelled the series due to low ratings
Hallmark Hall of Fame
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Hallmark Hall of Fame
25.
Bruce Gordon (actor)
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Bruce Gordon was an American actor best known for playing gangster Frank Nitti in the ABC television series The Untouchables. Gordon was born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts and his first appearance on Broadway was in 1937 in the musical drama The Fireman’s Flame. From 1941-1945, he played the role of Officer Klein alongside Boris Karloff in the original cast of Arsenic and he had an Introducing credit in the 1949 Marx Brothers film Love Happy. In 1957, he guest starred on the ABC western series Tombstone Territory, starring Pat Conway and Richard Eastham, about this same time, he guest starred on Barry Sullivans adventure/drama series, Harbormaster, set in maritime New England. The episode focuses on Cajun outlaws who inhabit a remote island in the Mississippi River, Gordon appeared in the syndicated western series, Man Without a Gun, starring Rex Reason. In 1958, he guest starred on the NBC western Jefferson Drum and on the same networks adventure series Northwest Passage, with co-stars Keith Larsen, gordons role was that of a sadistic prison official. The program was based on Kenneth Roberts 1937 novel about Major Robert Rogers and his efforts to help the British during the French and Indian War. That same year, Gordon was cast as Myers, the man in the episode The Stool Pigeon of the syndicated series, U. S. Marshal. Gordon made three guest appearances on Perry Mason, in 1959 he played murder victim Frank Thatcher in The Case of Paul Drakes Dilemma, for which Masons private detective Paul Drake was accused of the crime. In 1960 he played murder victim Judson Bailey in The Case of the Loquacious Liar, Gordon appeared twice in 1961 on ABCs Adventures in Paradise, starring Gardner McKay, he was cast as Stevens in Mr. Flotsam and as Red Munce in Adam San. Often stealing scenes from the stolid, humorless Eliot Ness, as portrayed by Robert Stack, in 1959, Gordon starred, alongside Pernell Roberts, as Capt. Emil Tremaine in an episode of ABCs One Step Beyond entitled The Vision. In 1960–1961, Gordon appeared as Mercer in two episodes of NBCs Outlaws Western series starring Barton MacLane and he was cast at that time in the NBC anthology series, The Barbara Stanwyck Show, and in the NBC sitcom, Car 54, Where Are You. In 1964, Gordon guest-starred in the episode Between the Rats, D, played by Gordon, plotting the murder of a fellow gangster. In 1966, he and Robert Stack appeared together in an episode of The Lucy Show spoofing their roles from The Untouchables, in 1968, he played the security man in the Sour Note episode of It Takes A Thief, starring Robert Wagner. His film credits included roles in The Buccaneer, Curse of the Undead, Key Witness, Roger Cormans Tower of London, Hello Down There and Timerider, The Adventure of Lyle Swann. He also worked with Corman again, playing the nasty Colonel Waxman in the cult classic Piranha, starring alongside Bradford Dillman and Kevin McCarthy. For a time, he operated a restaurant in Scottsdale, Arizona, called Frank Nittis Place, and in the early 1980s. He greeted patrons at the door in his typical pin stripe suit with a carnation in the lapel, in 2003, he was reportedly unable to attend the funeral of Untouchables co-star Robert Stack because of poor health
Bruce Gordon (actor)
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Bruce Gordon
26.
Dana Elcar
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Ibsen Dana Elcar was an American television and film character actor. Although he appeared in about 40 films, his most memorable role was on the 1980s and 1990s television series MacGyver as Peter Thornton, an administrator working for the Phoenix Foundation. Elcar had appeared in the episode of MacGyver as Andy Colson. Elcar was born in Ferndale, Michigan, the son of Hedwig and James Aage Elcar and he was an alumnus of the University of Michigan where he was a member of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity. Elcar served a tour of duty in the United States Navy and he moved to New York in the 1950s to become a professional thespian. Elcar was also a student of acting coach Sanford Meisner. He brought this education to bear when in 1986, with character actor William Lucking. Elcar sat as director for six years. Elcar also had supporting roles in such as Fail Safe, A Lovely Way to Die, The Boston Strangler, The Maltese Bippy, Pendulum, The Learning Tree, Zig Zag, Soldier Blue. A Gunfight, The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid, The Sting, in 1962, he was first cast on the long running CBS daytime drama, The Guiding Light as Andrew Murray, the District Attorney of Los Angeles County. In 1966 and 1967, Elcar played Sheriff George Patterson on the soap opera Dark Shadows. He played Inspector Shiller, the supervisor, in the drama, Baretta. He was also on The Waltons and Kung Fu in 1973, in 1979 he played judges in Centennial and B. J. and the Bear. In 1980, he was cast in the role of Chief in the Get Smart feature film entitled The Nude Bomb that was based on the 1960s hit TV series and he also co-starred in two episodes of The A-Team in 1984 and 1985. In 1987, he was cast on Andy Griffiths legal drama, Elcar and his stunt/photography double, Don S. Davis, were often mistaken for each other. In 1991, Elcar began to develop glaucoma, the sixth season finale, Hind-Sight, was a clip show using Pete Thorntons upcoming eye surgery as a framing device. Elcar also played a character on episodes of The Magic School Bus. Once blind, Elcar took on the challenge of playing Vladimir in Waiting for Godot complete with white cane and this was his theatrical swan song, and he retired in 2002 after his ER performance
Dana Elcar
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Dana Elcar as Peter Thornton on MacGyver
27.
Wars and Warriors: Joan of Arc
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Wars & Warriors, Joan of Arc is a historically based computer game. Developed and published by Enlight, it was released in 2004, the player assumes the persona of Joan of Arc and leads the French in their attempt to win the Hundred Years War. The game combines aspects of strategy and action. While the game has action and strategy aspects, action predominates. Playing as Joan or one of several other French commanders, the uses a variety of weapons to defeat enemy English soldiers. As the game progresses, the player gains combos and special attacks that enable him or her to defeat the English more effectively, the player also controls the French army and directs it in battle. There are eight levels, each featuring multiple objectives, reaction to the game was middling. GameSpot rated it 6.2 out of 10, PC Gamer gave it 49% and said that it deserves the same fate as its namesake. Official website GameSpot review Wars and Warriors, Joan of Arc at MobyGames
Wars and Warriors: Joan of Arc
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Wars & Warriors: Joan of Arc
28.
Age of Empires 2: The Age of Kings
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Age of Empires II, The Age of Kings is a real-time strategy video game developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft. Released in 1999 for the Microsoft Windows and Macintosh operating systems, an expansion, The Conquerors, was released in 2000. A PlayStation 2 version was released by Konami in 2001, a Dreamcast port, by Konami, was canceled. The Age of Kings is set in the Middle Ages and contains thirteen playable civilizations, players aim to gather resources, which they use to build towns, create armies, and defeat their enemies. There are five historically based campaigns, which constrict the player to specialized and story-backed conditions, there are three additional single-player game modes, and multiplayer is supported. The design team focused on resolving significant issues in Age of Empires, reception of The Age of Kings was highly positive. The significant number of new features was praised, as were the gameplay improvements, three months after its release, two million copies of The Age of Kings had been shipped, and it topped sales charts in seven countries. The game won awards and is today considered a classic of its type. Both the original Age of Empires II and the pack were later released as the Gold Edition. In April 2013, Age of Empires II, HD Edition was released on the Steam digital distribution platform for Windows operating systems, the HD Edition includes both the original game and the expansion The Conquerors, as well as updated graphics for high-resolution displays. It also supports user-generated content through the Steam Workshop and multiplayer games provided through the Steam servers, three expansions have been released for the HD Edition, The Forgotten in 2013, The African Kingdoms in 2015, and Rise of the Rajas in 2016. The Age of Kings focuses on building towns, gathering resources, creating armies and ultimately conquering opponents by destroying their units and buildings. Advancing to a new Age unlocks new units, structures, and technologies, civilian units, called villagers, are used to gather resources, they are either male or female – gender does not affect their abilities. Resources can be used to train units, construct buildings, and research technologies, among other things, for example, the game offers four types of resources, food, wood, gold, and stone. Food is obtained by hunting animals, gathering berries, harvesting livestock, farming, wood is gathered by chopping down trees. Gold is obtained from either gold mines, trade or collecting relics in a monastery, villagers require checkpoints, typically depository buildings, where they can store gathered resources. Each civilization can purchase upgrades that increase the rate of gathering these resources, players can construct a market for trade, players can trade wood, stone, and food for gold, and use gold to buy other resources. Market prices fluctuate with every transaction, the amount of gold a trade unit earns on each trip is related to the distance it had to travel to a foreign market, more gold is earned on longer trips
Age of Empires 2: The Age of Kings
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A
Celtic player in the
Feudal Age. The Town Center is visible and has several farms surrounding it; villagers of both sexes work there and elsewhere to gather resources. A scout on horseback is also at the ready. Military buildings such as the barracks, archery range, and stable are visible, as well as economic buildings — the market, blacksmith and mill. The right-bottom corner of the screenshot shows the player's walls and a gate.
Age of Empires 2: The Age of Kings
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PC box cover
29.
Hulk (comics)
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The Hulk is a fictional superhero created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, who first appeared in the debut issue of the comic book The Incredible Hulk in May 1962 published by Marvel Comics. The Hulks level of strength is normally conveyed as proportionate to his level of anger, however, his uncontrollable power has brought him into conflict with his fellow heroes and others. Lee stated that the Hulks creation was inspired by a combination of Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll, although the Hulks coloration has varied throughout the characters publication history, the most usual color is green. He has two catchphrases, Hulk is strongest one there is. And the better-known HULK SMASH. which has founded the basis for pop culture memes. The Hulk first appeared in The Incredible Hulk #1, written by writer-editor Stan Lee, penciled and co-plotted by Jack Kirby, and inked by Paul Reinman. Lee cites influence from Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in the Hulks creation, for a long time Id been aware of the fact that people were more likely to favor someone who was less than perfect. Its a safe bet that you remember Quasimodo, but how easily can you name any of the heroic, handsomer, ive always had a soft spot in my heart for the Frankenstein monster. No one could ever convince me that he was the bad guy and he never wanted to hurt anyone, he merely groped his torturous way through a second life trying to defend himself, trying to come to terms with those who sought to destroy him. I decided I might as well borrow from Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde as well—our protagonist would constantly change from his identity to his superhuman alter ego. Kirby, commenting upon his influences in drawing the character, recalled as inspiration the tale of a mother who rescues her child who is trapped beneath a car, Lee has also compared Hulk to the Golem of Jewish mythology. In The Science of Superheroes, Gresh and Weinberg see the Hulk as a reaction to the Cold War and the threat of nuclear attack, in the debut, Lee chose grey for the Hulk because he wanted a color that did not suggest any particular ethnic group. Colorist Stan Goldberg, however, had problems with the coloring, resulting in different shades of grey. After seeing the first published issue, Lee chose to change the color to green. Green was used in retellings of the origin, with reprints of the original story being recolored for the next two decades, until The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #302 reintroduced the grey Hulk in flashbacks set close to the origin story, since then, reprints of the first issue have displayed the original grey coloring, with the fictional canon specifying that the Hulks skin had initially been grey. Lee gave the Hulks alter ego the alliterative name Bruce Banner because he found he had difficulty remembering alliterative names. Despite this, in stories he misremembered the characters name and referred to him as Bob Banner
Hulk (comics)
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Promotional art for "The Incredible Hulk" vol. 3, #92 (April 2006) by
Bryan Hitch
Hulk (comics)
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The Incredible Hulk #1 (May 1962). Cover art by
Jack Kirby and
Paul Reinman.
30.
Tactical role playing game
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A tactical role-playing game is a genre of video game which incorporates elements of traditional role-playing video games and emphasizes tactical rather than high-level strategic gameplay. In Japan these games are known as Simulation RPGs and this subgenre of role-playing video games principally refers to games which incorporate elements from strategy video games as an alternative to traditional role-playing game systems. Like standard RPGs, the controls a finite party and battles a similar number of enemies. And like other RPGs, death is usually temporary, but this genre incorporates strategic gameplay such as tactical movement on an isometric grid. Unlike other video game genres, tactical RPGs tend not to feature multiplayer play, a distinct difference between tactical RPGs and traditional RPGs is the lack of exploration. For instance, Final Fantasy Tactics does away with the typical third-person exploration to towns and dungeons that are typical in a Final Fantasy game, instead of exploration, there is an emphasis on battle strategy. Players are able to build and train characters to use in battle, utilizing different classes, including warriors and magic users, depending on the game. Battles will have specific winning conditions, such as defeating all enemies or surviving a certain number of turns, in between battles, players can access their characters to equip them, change classes, train them, depending on the game. Tactical RPGs are descendents of traditional games, such as chess, and table-top role-playing and war games, such as Chainmail. The format of a tactical RPG video game is also like a traditional RPG in its appearance, pacing, likewise, early table-top strategy wargames like Chainmail are descended from skirmish wargames, which were primarily concerned with combat. A year later, in 1983, Ultima III, Exodus used a combat system. The game revolves around a king who must recruit soldiers and lead his army against overwhelming forces, while each unit gains experience. It is also considered to be an early prototype real-time strategy game, according to Takahashi, Silver Ghost was a simulation action type of game where you had to direct, oversee and command multiple characters. Unlike later tactical RPGs, however, Silver Ghost was not turn-based and it also featured a point-and-click interface, to control the characters using a cursor. A similar game released by Kure Software Koubo that same year was First Queen, combining the basic concepts from games like Dragon Quest and simple turn-based strategy elements, Nintendo created a hit, which spawned many sequels and imitators. During the 16-bit generation, among the first imitators was Langrisser by NCS/Masaya and it was translated for North American release and retitled Warsong. The Langrisser series differed from Fire Emblem in that it used a general-soldier structure instead of controlling main characters, Langrisser, too, spawned many sequels, none of which were brought to North America. Langrisser set itself apart from other tactical RPGs in its time with larger-scale battles, since Der Langrisser in 1994, the series offered non-linear branching paths and multiple endings
Tactical role playing game
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Silent Storm presents the player with a large array of tactical options, including two sets of weapons, numerous stances, and several different firing modes. Terrain elevation is also completely fluid, with smooth ramps, sloping embankments and flights of stairs (not pictured).
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