Ticker symbol
A ticker symbol or stock symbol is an abbreviation used to uniquely identify publicly traded shares of a particular stock on a particular stock market. A stock symbol may consist of numbers or a combination of both. "Ticker symbol" refers to the symbols. Stock symbols are unique identifiers assigned to each security traded on a particular market. A stock symbol can consist of letters, numbers, or a combination of both, is a way to uniquely identify that stock; the symbols were kept as short as possible to reduce the number of characters that had to be printed on the ticker tape, to make it easy to recognize by traders and investors. The allocation of symbols and formatting convention is specific to each stock exchange. In the US, for example, stock tickers are between 1 and 4 letters and represent the company name where possible. For example, US-based computer company stock Apple Inc. traded on the NASDAQ exchange has the symbol AAPL, while the motor company Ford's stock, traded on the New York Stock Exchange has the single-letter ticker F.
In Europe, most exchanges use three-letter codes, for example Dutch consumer goods company Unilever traded on the Amsterdam Euronext exchange has the symbol UNA. While in Asia, numbers are used as stock tickers to avoid issues for international investors when using non-Latin scripts. For example, the bank HSBC's stock traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange has the ticker symbol 0005. Symbols sometimes change to reflect mergers. Prior to the 1999 merger with Mobil Oil, Exxon used a phonetic spelling of the company "XON" as its ticker symbol; the symbol of the firm after the merger was "XOM". Symbols are sometimes reused. In the US the single-letter symbols are sought after as vanity symbols. For example, since Mar 2008 Visa Inc. has used the symbol V, used by Vivendi which had delisted and given up the symbol. To qualify a stock, both the ticker and the exchange or country of listing needs to be known. On many systems both must be specified to uniquely identify the security; this is done by appending the location or exchange code to the ticker.
Although stock tickers identify a security, they are exchange dependent limited to stocks and can change. These limitations have led to the development of other codes in financial markets to identify securities for settlement purposes; the most prevalent of these is the International Securities Identifying Number. An ISIN uniquely identifies a security and its structure is defined in ISO 6166. Securities for which ISINs are issued include bonds, commercial paper and warrants; the ISIN code is a 12-character alpha-numerical code that does not contain information characterizing financial instruments, but serves for uniform identification of a security at trading and settlement. The ISIN identifies not the exchange on which it trades. For instance, Daimler AG stock trades on twenty-two different stock exchanges worldwide, is priced in five different currencies. ISIN cannot specify a particular trade in this case, another identifier the three- or four-letter exchange code will have to be specified in addition to the ISIN.
While a stock ticker identifies a security that can be traded, stock market indices are sometimes assigned a symbol though they can not be traded. Symbols for indices are distinguished by adding a symbol in front of the name, such as a caret or a dot. For example, Reuters lists the Nasdaq Composite index under the symbol. IXIC. In Canada the Toronto Stock Exchange TSX and the TSXV use the following special codes after the ticker symbol: In the United Kingdom, prior to 1996, stock codes were known as EPICs, named after the London Stock Exchange's Exchange Price Information Computer. Following the introduction of the Sequence trading platform in 1996, EPICs were renamed Tradable Instrument Display Mnemonics, but they are still referred to as EPICs. Stocks can be identified using their SEDOL number or their ISIN. In the United States, modern letter-only ticker symbols were developed by Standard & Poor's to bring a national standard to investing. A single company could have many different ticker symbols as they varied between the dozens of individual stock markets.
The term ticker refers to the noise made by the ticker tape machines once used by stock exchanges. The S&P system was standardized by the securities industry and modified as years passed. Stock symbols for preferred stock have not been standardized; some companies use a well-known product as their ticker symbol. Belgian brewer InBev, the brewer of Budweiser beer, uses "BUD" as its three-letter ticker for American Depository Receipts, symbolizing its premier product in the United States, its rival, Molson Coors Brewing Company, uses a beer-related symbol, "TAP". Southwest Airlines pays tribute to its headquarters at Love Field in Dallas through its "LUV" symbol. Cedar Fair Entertainment Company, which operates large amusement parks in the United States, uses "FUN" as its symbol. Harley-Davidson uses "HOG" for its Harley Owners Group. Yamana Gold uses "AUY", because on the periodic table of elements. Sotheby's uses the symbol "BID". While most symbols come from the company's name, sometimes it happens the other way around.
Tricon Global, owner of KFC, Pi
Canada
Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres, making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border, its capital is Ottawa, its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto and Vancouver. As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area being dominated by forest and tundra, its population is urbanized, with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, many near the southern border. Canada's climate varies across its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons. Various indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Beginning in the 16th century and French expeditions explored, settled, along the Atlantic coast.
As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces; this began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom. This widening autonomy was highlighted by the Statute of Westminster of 1931 and culminated in the Canada Act of 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition, with Elizabeth II as its queen and a prime minister who serves as the chair of the federal cabinet and head of government; the country is a realm within the Commonwealth of Nations, a member of the Francophonie and bilingual at the federal level. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, education.
It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. A developed country, Canada has the sixteenth-highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the twelfth-highest ranking in the Human Development Index, its advanced economy is the tenth-largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Canada is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the G7, the Group of Ten, the G20, the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the etymological origins of Canada, the name is now accepted as coming from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word kanata, meaning "village" or "settlement".
In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona. Cartier used the word Canada to refer not only to that particular village but to the entire area subject to Donnacona. From the 16th to the early 18th century "Canada" referred to the part of New France that lay along the Saint Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named the Canadas. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the legal name for the new country at the London Conference, the word Dominion was conferred as the country's title. By the 1950s, the term Dominion of Canada was no longer used by the United Kingdom, which considered Canada a "Realm of the Commonwealth"; the government of Louis St. Laurent ended the practice of using'Dominion' in the Statutes of Canada in 1951. In 1982, the passage of the Canada Act, bringing the Constitution of Canada under Canadian control, referred only to Canada, that year the name of the national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day.
The term Dominion was used to distinguish the federal government from the provinces, though after the Second World War the term federal had replaced dominion. Indigenous peoples in present-day Canada include the First Nations, Métis, the last being a mixed-blood people who originated in the mid-17th century when First Nations and Inuit people married European settlers; the term "Aboriginal" as a collective noun is a specific term of art used in some legal documents, including the Constitution Act 1982. The first inhabitants of North America are hypothesized to have migrated from Siberia by way of the Bering land bridge and arrived at least 14,000 years ago; the Paleo-Indian archeological sites at Old Crow Flats and Bluefish Caves are two of the oldest sites of human habitation in Canada. The characteristics of Canadian indigenous societies included permanent settlements, complex societal hierarchies, trading networks; some of these cultures had collapsed by the time European explorers arrived in the late 15th and early 16th centuries and have only been discovered through archeological investigations.
The indigenous population at the time of the first European settlements is estimated to have been between 200,000
Peter George Peterson
Peter George Peterson was an American investment banker who served as United States Secretary of Commerce from February 29, 1972 to February 1, 1973 under the Richard Nixon administration. Before serving as Secretary of Commerce, Peterson was Chairman and CEO of Bell & Howell from 1963 to 1971. From 1973 to 1984 he was CEO of Lehman Brothers. In 1985 he co-founded the private equity firm, The Blackstone Group, served as Chairman. Peterson was Chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations until retiring in 2007, after being named Chairman Emeritus. In 2008, Peterson was ranked 149th on the "Forbes 400 Richest Americans" with a net worth of $2.8 billion. He was known as founder and principal funder of The Peter G. Peterson Foundation, dedicated to promoting fiscal sustainability. Peterson was born in Kearney, Nebraska, as the eldest of three children to Venetia "Venet" Paul and George Peterson, both were immigrants from southern Greece, he had one younger sister, who died of croup when she was one year old and a brother, the youngest.
His father arrived in the United States at the age of 17 and worked as a dishwasher for Union Pacific Railroad and roomed on a caboose. In 1923, George opened and ran a Greek diner named Central Café in Kearney after changing his name from Georgios Petropoulos. Peter began working at the cash register at age 8. Transferring out of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in his freshman year, Peterson received an undergraduate degree from Northwestern University and The Kellogg School, graduating in 1947 with highest academic honors, summa cum laude. After college, Peterson was first married from 1948 to 1950 to Kris Krengel, a journalism student at Northwestern University, he joined Market Facts upon graduation, a Chicago-based market research firm, in 1948. In 1951, he received an M. B. A. degree from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, before returning to Market Facts as an executive vice president. Peterson joined advertising agency McCann Erickson in 1953, again in Chicago, where he served as a director.
He joined movie-equipment maker Howell Corporation in 1958 as Executive Vice President. He succeeded Charles H. Percy as Chairman and CEO, positions he held from 1963 to 1971. In 1969, he was invited by philanthropist John D. Rockefeller III, CFR Chairman John J. McCloy, former Treasury Secretary Douglas Dillon to chair a Commission on Foundations and Private Philanthropy, which became known as the Peterson Commission. Among its recommendations adopted by the government were that foundations be required annually to disburse a minimum proportion of their funds. In 1971, he was named Assistant to the President for International Economic Affairs by U. S. President Richard Nixon. In 1972, he became the Secretary of a position he held for one year. At that time he assumed the Chairmanship of President Nixon’s National Commission on Productivity and was appointed U. S. Chairman of the U. S.–Soviet Commercial Commission. During his tenure, Peterson was a strong critic of the rising financial debt of the United States.
Peterson was Chairman and CEO of Lehman Brothers and Lehman Brothers, Loeb Inc.. In 1985, he co-founded with Stephen A. Schwarzman the prominent private equity and investment management firm, the Blackstone Group, was for many years its chairman. At Blackstone, he made a fortune including the $1.9 billion he received when it went public in 2007, that funded many of his charitable and political causes. In 1992, he was one of the co-founders of the Concord Coalition, a bipartisan citizens' group that advocates reduction of the federal budget deficit. Following record deficits under President George W. Bush, Peterson commented in 2004, "I remain a Republican, but the Republicans have become a far more theological, faith-directed party, not troubling with evidence."In February 1994, President Bill Clinton named Peterson as a member of the Bi-Partisan Commission on Entitlement and Tax Reform co-chaired by Senators Bob Kerrey and John Danforth. He served as Co-Chair of the Conference Board Commission on Public Trust and Private Enterprises.
Peterson succeeded David Rockefeller as Chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations in 1985 and served until his retirement from that position in 2007. He served as Trustee of the Rockefeller family's Japan Society and of the Museum of Modern Art, was on the board of Rockefeller Center Properties, Inc, he was the founding Chairman of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, a Trustee of the Committee for Economic Development. He was Chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York between 2000 and 2004. In 2008, he founded the Peter G. Peterson Foundation, an organization devoted to spreading public awareness on fiscal sustainability issues related to the national debt, federal deficits, Social Security policy, tax policies. PGPF distributed the 2008 documentary film I. O. U. S. A. and did outreach to the 2008 presidential candidates. Peterson funded The Fiscal Times, a news website that reports on current economic issues, including the federal budget, the deficit, health care, personal savings and the global economy.
Fiscal Times contributors and editors include several veteran economics reporters for The New York Times and The Washington Post. On August 4, 2010, it was announced that he had signed "The Giving Pledge." He was one of 40 billionaires, led by Bill Gates and Warren Buffett, who agreed to give at least half their wealth to charity. Most of his giving was to his own foundation, The Peter G. Peterson Foundation, which focuses on raising public awareness about
Microtel Inn and Suites
The Microtel Inn & Suites brand is a chain of franchise hotels with over 300 locations. The company has locations in Argentina, Mexico, the Philippines, the United States; the first location opened in 1989 in suburban Rochester, NY. There are now over three hundred franchises around the world. On July 21, 2008, Wyndham Hotel Group purchased US Franchise Systems, Inc. owner of the Microtel Inn & Suites and Hawthorn Suites brands, from Global Hyatt. US Franchise Systems had sold the America's Best Inn chain to the Country Hearth Inns chain in 2005; that holding company is now known as America's Best Franchising Inc. As of 2012, Microtel's logo has changed to match the logo style of Wingate and Hawthorn Suites, both owned by Wyndham Hotels and Resorts. Official website
Gillette, Wyoming
Gillette is a city in and the county seat of Campbell County, United States. The population was estimated at 30,560 as of July 1, 2017. Gillette is centrally located in an area involved with the development of vast quantities of American coal and coalbed methane gas; the city calls itself the "Energy Capital of the Nation," noting that the state of Wyoming provides nearly 35% of the nation's coal. Over the last decade Gillette saw a population increase of 48% from the 2000 census of 19,646 residents. Before its founding, Gillette started as Donkey Town named after Donkey Creek and was moved and called Rocky Pile after Rocky Draw. Gillette was founded in 1891 with the coming of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad and incorporated on January 6, 1892, less than two years after Wyoming became a state. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad changed the name to Gillette for Edward Gillette, who worked as a surveyor for the company. In November 1895, a fire destroyed most of Gillette. Only two saloons, two stores, a restaurant survived.
In 1974, U. S. psychologist ElDean Kohrs used the town as the basic example of what he called the'Gillette Syndrome': the social disruption that can occur in a community due to rapid population growth. During the 1960s, Gillette doubled its population from 3,580 to 7,194 residents. Kohrs proposed that this fast increase of population caused the phenomenon known as Gillette Syndrome, resulting in increased crime, high costs of living and weakened social and community bonds; some of Kohrs' claims about the energy industry's influence have been disputed, since similar increases in divorce rates, welfare usage, crime were seen in other growing areas of the country. The census-designated place Antelope Valley-Crestview was annexed by the city on January 1, 2018; the population of Antelope Valley-Crestview was 1,658 at the 2010 census and it has a total area of 4.9 square miles. Gillette is located at 44°16′58″N 105°30′19″W, it is situated between the Bighorn Mountains to the west and the Black Hills to the east, in the Powder River Basin.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 19.00 square miles, of which, 18.97 square miles is land and 0.03 square miles is water. There were few trees in Gillette; the native trees were found along creeks. The oldest surviving non-native trees were planted in the 1940s; the earliest planted trees were exclusively Elm, White Poplar, Green Ash, Colorado Spruce, Ponderosa Pine. In the 1960s Crab apples, Honey locust, European mountain-ash, other evergreen trees were planted. Nurseries started to sell trees in the 1970s. Gillette is situated in USDA plant hardiness zone 4b; as of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $69,581, the median income for a family was $78,377. Males had a median income of $41,131 versus $22,717 for females; the per capita income for the city was $19,749. About 5.7% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 29,087 people, 10,975 households, 7,299 families residing in the city.
The population density was 1,533.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 12,153 housing units at an average density of 640.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 92.2% White, 0.4% African American, 1.2% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 3.2% from other races, 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.5% of the population. There were 10,975 households of which 38.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.0% had a male householder with no wife present, 33.5% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.7% had someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.09. The median age in the city was 30.6 years. 28% of residents were under the age of 18. The gender makeup of the city was 47.7 % female. The Wyoming Center, a 9,000 seat arena located at the CAM-PLEX just east of the city, was completed in 2008.
The CAM-PLEX hosts events ranging from balls to the National High School Finals Rodeo. The Campbell County Recreation Center is a 190,000 square foot facility, established April 2010; this facility includes a 42-foot climbing wall resembling the Devils Tower National Monument. There is an 81,000 square foot field house that contains a six-lane track and 5 indoor tennis courts; the Energy Capital Sports Complex site has four fast-pitch softball fields that can be converted for Little League baseball. The fields use Slitfilm synthetic turf with sand-rubber infill. There is a 28,000 square foot protected spectator viewing area with a grass play area. There is a 2.4 mile recreation trail around the complex. Since the grand opening in 2015, the Energy Capital Sports Complex has hosted many tournaments including the Razor City Softball Tournament and the 2016 Wyoming ASA State Softball Tournament. Gillette is governed by a city council with six members. Gillette is split into three wards each represented by two council members.
Both the mayor and council members serve four-year terms. Under the mayor and city council the city government consists of the city attorney, muni
Mexico
Mexico the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States. Covering 2,000,000 square kilometres, the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million people, the country is the eleventh most populous state and the most populous Spanish-speaking state in the world, while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and Mexico City, a special federal entity, the capital city and its most populous city. Other metropolises in the state include Guadalajara, Puebla, Tijuana and León. Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of five cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec and Aztec before first contact with Europeans. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan, administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain.
Three centuries the territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence. The post-independence period was tumultuous, characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes; the Mexican–American War led to a territorial cession of the extant northern territories to the United States. The Pastry War, the Franco-Mexican War, a civil war, two empires, the Porfiriato occurred in the 19th century; the Porfiriato was ended by the start of the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system as a federal, democratic republic. Mexico has the 11th largest by purchasing power parity; the Mexican economy is linked to those of its 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement partners the United States. In 1994, Mexico became the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, it is classified as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country by several analysts.
The country is considered both a regional power and a middle power, is identified as an emerging global power. Due to its rich culture and history, Mexico ranks first in the Americas and seventh in the world for number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Mexico is an ecologically megadiverse country, ranking fourth in the world for its biodiversity. Mexico receives a huge number of tourists every year: in 2018, it was the sixth most-visited country in the world, with 39 million international arrivals. Mexico is a member of the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G8+5, the G20, the Uniting for Consensus group of the UN, the Pacific Alliance trade bloc. Mēxihco is the Nahuatl term for the heartland of the Aztec Empire, namely the Valley of Mexico and surrounding territories, with its people being known as the Mexica, it is believed to be a toponym for the valley which became the primary ethnonym for the Aztec Triple Alliance as a result, although it could have been the other way around.
In the colonial era, back when Mexico was called New Spain this territory became the Intendency of Mexico and after New Spain achieved independence from the Spanish Empire it came to be known as the State of Mexico with the new country being named after its capital: the City of Mexico, which itself was founded in 1524 on top of the ancient Mexica capital of Mexico-Tenochtitlan. Traditionally, the name Tenochtitlan was thought to come from Nahuatl tetl and nōchtli and is thought to mean "Among the prickly pears rocks". However, one attestation in the late 16th-century manuscript known as "the Bancroft dialogues" suggests the second vowel was short, so that the true etymology remains uncertain; the suffix -co is the Nahuatl locative, making the word a place name. Beyond that, the etymology is uncertain, it has been suggested that it is derived from Mextli or Mēxihtli, a secret name for the god of war and patron of the Mexica, Huitzilopochtli, in which case Mēxihco means "place where Huitzilopochtli lives".
Another hypothesis suggests that Mēxihco derives from a portmanteau of the Nahuatl words for "moon" and navel. This meaning might refer to Tenochtitlan's position in the middle of Lake Texcoco; the system of interconnected lakes, of which Texcoco formed the center, had the form of a rabbit, which the Mesoamericans pareidolically associated with the moon rabbit. Still another hypothesis suggests that the word is derived from Mēctli, the name of the goddess of maguey; the name of the city-state was transliterated to Spanish as México with the phonetic value of the letter x in Medieval Spanish, which represented the voiceless postalveolar fricative. This sound, as well as the voiced postalveolar fricative, represented by a j, evolved into a voiceless velar fricative during the 16th century; this led to the use of the variant Méjico in many publications in Spanish, most notably in Spain, whereas in Mexico and most other Spanish–speaking countries, México was the preferred spelling. In recent years, the Real Academia Española, which regulates the Spanish l
San Antonio Express-News
The San Antonio Express-News is a daily newspaper in San Antonio, Texas. It has offices in San Antonio and Austin; the Express-News is the fourth largest newspaper in the state of Texas, with a daily circulation of nearly 100,000 copies in 2016.. The Express-News operates online both as Express-News and as MySA; the paper was first published in 1865 as a weekly tabloid-style newspaper under the name The San Antonio Express. At that time, the city had had a number of other newspapers in a number of different languages. However, all the other publications went out of business, leaving only the Express to serve the city. In December 1866, the Express made the move from a weekly paper to a daily newspaper, expanded into a full newspaper by the early 1870s; the early days of the Express was marked by several leadership changes which doomed the paper, until a brand new company, the Express Printing Company, took control in 1875. The Express became a daily morning newspaper in 1878. In January 1881 a new rival newspaper, the Evening Light, was first published by A. W. Gifford and J. P. Newcomb, an early investor in the Express.
The Evening Light was published as as opposed to the morning Express. At first, the editors of the Express chose to ignore the upstart paper, but the Light soon grew in popularity at the turn of the 20th century. In 1906 the Daily Light was sold to E. B. Chandler, in 1909 the Daily Light Publishing Company bought the San Antonio Gazette. From until 1911 the paper was referred to as the Light and Gazette. Edward S. O'Reilly, known as Tex, was at one time managing editor. In 1911 Harrison L. Beach and Charles S. Diehl, veteran correspondents of national standing, moved to San Antonio and bought the Light and Gazette. Once again it was known as the Light. Diehl was a founder of the AP wire service. Beach and Diehl installed leased wire news service and published the first full stock market reports in a San Antonio paper; the Light became liberal-Democratic in its political views. While Beach and Diehl ran the paper, circulation increased from 11,000 to 25,000 copies daily. In 1918, the Express ownership, now renamed Express Publishing Company, launched its own afternoon paper, the San Antonio Evening News.
Soon thereafter, a rivalry developed between workers of the News. In fact, some News workers dubbed a new office building as the News-Express building. In 1924, William Randolph Hearst bought the Light and instituted Hearst policies, by 1945 the circulation was 70,000; the 1920s was marked by expansion by Express Publishing as the company started one of the city's first radio stations, WOAI, in 1922. Meanwhile, the company's future owners, in the form of William Randolph Hearst, purchased the Light; as the two rival companies entered the 1950s, the Express and the News both had higher readership numbers than the Light. However, the Light skyrocketed to the top of the market when it acquired a number of popular comic strips, like Dick Tracy. Over at Express Publishing, the company diversified further as they acquired a couple more radio stations, a television station which they renamed KENS-TV; those call letters were intended to stand for. In the 1960s, Express Publishing was sold to the Harte-Hanks newspaper group.
In 1973, with the Light beating the Express and the News in circulation numbers, a new ownership group emerged. Australian native Rupert Murdoch of News Corp bought the News from Harte-Hanks. Murdoch re-formatted the News as a more tabloid-styled paper, while the Express retained its original, conservative format; the Light was now forced to compete against two different styles of newspaper while at the same time trying to combat the growing costs of an afternoon circulation. By September 1984, the Express and the News merged into the Express-News and afternoon service was discontinued, while the Light started getting into the morning circulation business in order to keep up, but under News Corp. the Express-News adopted a more mainstream format and expanded its services to communities outside Bexar County. As a result, the Express-News became San Antonio's leading newspaper for good. By 1992, News Corp had diversified into movies and television and was looking to sell the Express-News; the Hearst Corporation, which still owned the Light, agreed to either sell or close the newspaper and acquire the Express-News in order to keep its stake in the San Antonio market.
The Light never found a buyer and it went out of business in January 1993. On February 13, 2016, the paper broke the news of the death of US Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia. Today, this Hearst Corp. newspaper is led by Publisher Susan Lynch Pape, Hearst's Texas Group chief financial officer at the Houston Chronicle and the San Antonio Express-News. Marc Duvoisin is Vice Editor of the San Antonio Express-News; the Express-News is a nationally recognized news organization that has earned a number of top awards over the last several years, including first-place finishes in the Scripps, National Headliners, ASNE, TxAPME, Sigma Delta Chi, Best of the West, Editor & Publisher and other contests for its coverage of South Texas, the military, border affairs and general features. Its photo staff was a Pulitzer finalist in the feature photography category for its immigration coverage in South and Central America, its subscriber website, ExpressNews.com, has earned top honors for its overall digital storytelling.
Dan Cook List of newspapers in Texas Handbook of Texas Online, San Antonio Light ExpressNews.com and mySA.com Online homes of the Express-News The history of the Express-News San Antonio Express-News Hearst subsidiary profile of the San Antonio Expr
