1.
Ladera, California
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Ladera is a census-designated place located in southern San Mateo County, California adjacent to Portola Valley. Primarily a residential community, it comprises approximately 520 homes, the ZIP Code is 94028 and the community is inside area code 650. The population was 1,426 at the 2010 census, Ladera is located at the bottom of the eastern slope of the Peninsula Range of the Santa Cruz Mountains. It is bordered on the west by the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve operated by Stanford University, on the east by Alpine Road, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 0.4 square miles, all of it land. The community of Ladera occupies land that was settled by the Ramaytush Ohlones peoples prior to the settlement of California by the Spanish. Ladera is located on the Rancho Corte de Madera Mexican land grant, the land was used for grazing and timber through 1927 when it was joined to the Ormondale Ranch, owned by the Macdonough family. The Macdonoughs raised cattle and sheep, and bred racehorses, their most famous horse, Ormonde, raced primarily in England, in the 1930s, the majority of the Ormondale Ranch land was developed and incorporated into Portola Valley. In 1944, the Peninsula Housing Association was formed with the goal of purchasing a tract land, several prominent members of the Stanford and Palo Alto communities joined to develop the fledgling PHA co-op. It began subscribing members in 1945 and its 150 members purchased the remaining 260 acres of the former Ormondale ranch for $155,000 on July 31,1946, the co-op selected noted landscape architect Garrett Eckbo to lay out the design for the new community. The members chose the name Ladera to reflect the Spanish history of the land — ladera is Spanish for hillside, streets are Spanish phrases or botanical names. Early members of the cooperative included author Wallace Stegner and Klystron tube inventor Sigurd Varian of Varian Associates, due to financial difficulties caused in part by refusal to place restrictive covenants on the title deeds, the PHA failed after only a few houses had been constructed. The land was sold to Hare, Brewer, and Kelley, the 2010 United States Census reported that Ladera had a population of 1,426. The population density was 3,221.9 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Ladera was 1,269 White,3 African American,1 Native American,98 Asian,0 Pacific Islander,5 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 33 persons. The Census reported that 1,426 people lived in households,0 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 10 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 7 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 86 households were made up of individuals and 53 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.72. There were 422 families, the family size was 3.05. The median age was 46.0 years, for every 100 females there were 94.5 males
2.
Ladera Ranch, California
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Ladera Ranch is a 4,000 acres master-planned community adjacent to Mission Viejo, Rancho Santa Margarita, and San Juan Capistrano. Ladera Ranch is located in the foothills of the Orange County Saddleback, the Ladera Ranch development is divided into nine villages. Within each village, individual builders develop an area called a neighborhood, there are ten or more neighborhoods per village. There are also parks, pools, playgrounds and open areas within each village, the Covenant Hills village is a gated community which is closed to the general public, but accessible to all card-carrying residents of Ladera Ranch. There are no other gated villages in the community, the 2010 United States Census reported that Ladera Ranch had a population of 22,980. The population density was 4,685.2 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Ladera Ranch was 17,899 White,335 African American,54 Native American,2,774 Asian,27 Pacific Islander,624 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,952 persons. The Census reported that 22,980 people lived in households,0 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 231 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 72 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 927 households were made up of individuals and 226 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.23. There were 5,890 families, the family size was 3.59. The median age was 32.4 years, for every 100 females there were 96.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males. There were 7,410 housing units at a density of 1,510.8 per square mile, of which 5,204 were owner-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1. 9%, the vacancy rate was 4. 7%. 17,572 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 5,408 people lived in housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, Ladera Ranch had a household income of $131,892. At the 2000 census, the Census Bureau did not define a place called Ladera Ranch. Because Ladera Ranch is contained within this ZCTA, it is possible to obtain Census data from the United States 2000 Census for the even though data for Ladera Ranch is unavailable
3.
Los Angeles County, California
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Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles, is the most populous county in both the United States and the state of California, the countrys most populous state. Its population is larger than that of 42 individual U. S. states and it has 88 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas and at 4,083 square miles, it is larger than the combined areas of the U. S. states of Delaware and Rhode Island. The county is home to more than one-quarter of California residents and is one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the U. S and its county seat, the City of Los Angeles, is also its most populous city at about four million. Los Angeles County is one of the counties of California. The county originally included parts of what are now Kern, San Bernardino, Riverside, as the population increased, sections were split off to organize San Bernardino County in 1853, Kern County in 1866, and Orange County in 1889. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 4,751 square miles, Los Angeles County borders 70 miles of coast on the Pacific Ocean and encompasses mountain ranges, valleys, forests, islands, lakes, rivers, and desert. The western extent of the Mojave Desert begins in the Antelope Valley, most of the population of Los Angeles County is located in the south and southwest, with major population centers in the Los Angeles Basin, San Fernando Valley and San Gabriel Valley. Other population centers are found in the Santa Clarita Valley, Pomona Valley, Crescenta Valley, the county is divided west-to-east by the San Gabriel Mountains, which are part of the Transverse Ranges of southern California, and are contained mostly within the Angeles National Forest. Los Angeles County includes San Clemente Island and Santa Catalina Island, non-Hispanic whites numbered 2,728,321, or 28% of the population. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race numbered 4,687,889, 36% of Los Angeles Countys population was of Mexican ancestry,3. 7% Salvadoran, and 2. 2% Guatemalan heritage. The largest Asian groups of the 1,346,865 Asians in Los Angeles County are 4. 0% Chinese,3. 3% Filipino,2. 2% Korean,1. 0% Japanese,0. 9% Vietnamese,0. 8% Indian, and 0. 3% Cambodian. The racial makeup of the county is 48. 7% White,11. 0% African American,0. 8% Native American,10. 0% Asian,0. 3% Pacific Islander,23. 5% from other races, and 4. 9% from two or more races. 44. 6% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race, the largest European-American ancestry groups are German, Irish, English and Italian. 45. 9% of the population reported speaking only English at home,37. 9% spoke Spanish,2. 22% Tagalog,2. 0% Chinese,1. 9% Korean,1. 87% Armenian,0. 5% Arabic, and 0. 2% Hindi. At the census of 2000, there were 9,519,338 people,3,133,774 households, the population density was 2,344 people per square mile. There were 3,270,909 housing units at a density of 806 per square mile. 25% of all households were made up of individuals and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.61. In the county, the population was out with 28% under the age of 18, 10% from 18 to 24, 33% from 25 to 44, 19% from 45 to 64
4.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
5.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
6.
U.S. state
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A U. S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a geographic territory. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders. States range in population from just under 600,000 to over 39 million, four states use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names. States are divided into counties or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, State governments are allocated power by the people through their individual constitutions. All are grounded in principles, and each provides for a government. States possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and incorporation, with the government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a debate over states rights, which concerns the extent and nature of the states powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government. States and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a legislature consisting of the Senate. Each state is represented in the Senate by two senators, and is guaranteed at least one Representative in the House, members of the House are elected from single-member districts. Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census, the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50, alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of states have the power to secede from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U. S. Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, as a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance
7.
Pacific Time Zone
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The Pacific Time Zone observes standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time. During daylight saving time, its time offset is UTC−7 and is based on the mean solar time of the 105th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory. In the United States and Canada, this zone is generically called the Pacific Time Zone. Specifically, it uses Pacific Standard Time when observing standard time, most of Canada uses daylight saving time. In Mexico, the UTC−8 time zone is known as the Northwest Zone, the largest city in the Pacific Time Zone is Los Angeles, the citys metropolitan area is the largest in the zone. The following states or areas are part of the Pacific Time Zone, California Washington Oregon – all, except for most of Malheur County, nevada Idaho Panhandle – the northern half of Idaho, north of the Salmon River. The town of Hyder, Alaska, is officially in the Alaska Time Zone, however, most of the town observes the Pacific Time because of strong connections with nearby Stewart, British Columbia, which is in the Pacific Time Zone. The United States Post Office in Hyder strictly adheres to Alaska Time, in Canada, the Pacific Time Zone includes most of British Columbia, all of Yukon, and the townsite of Tungsten. In Mexico, the state of Baja California lies completely within the Pacific Time Zone and this does not include the state of Baja California Sur, which is south of Baja California. Through 2006, the time changed to daylight time at 02,00 LST to 03,00 LDT on the first Sunday in April. The Canadian provinces and territories that use daylight time each adopted these dates between October 2005 and February 2007, in Mexico, beginning in 2010, the portion of the country in this time zone uses the extended dates, as do some other parts. The vast majority of Mexico, however, still uses the old dates
8.
Daylight saving time
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Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
9.
ZIP Code
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ZIP Codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service since 1963. The term ZIP, an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan, was chosen to suggest that the travels more efficiently, and therefore more quickly. The basic format consists of five numerical digits, an extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in 1983, includes the five digits of the ZIP Code, a hyphen, and four additional digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP Code. The term ZIP Code was originally registered as a servicemark by the U. S. Postal Service, USPS style for ZIP is all caps and the c in code is also capitalized, although style sheets for some publications use sentence case or lowercase. The early history and context of postal codes began with postal district/zone numbers, the United States Post Office Department implemented postal zones for numerous large cities in 1943. For example, Mr. John Smith 3256 Epiphenomenal Avenue Minneapolis 16, by the early 1960s a more organized system was needed, and on July 1,1963, non-mandatory five-digit ZIP Codes were introduced nationwide. Three months later, on October 1,1963, the U. S, an earlier list in June had proposed capitalized abbreviations ranging from two to five letters. The abbreviations have remained unchanged, with one exception, according to the historian of the U. S. Robert Moon, an employee of the post office, is considered the father of the ZIP Code, he submitted his proposal in 1944 while working as a postal inspector. The post office gives credit to Moon only for the first three digits of the ZIP Code, which describe the sectional center facility or sec center, an SCF is a central mail processing facility with those three digits. The SCF sorts mail to all post offices with those first three digits in their ZIP Codes, the mail is sorted according to the final two digits of the ZIP Code and sent to the corresponding post offices in the early morning. Sectional centers do not deliver mail and are not open to the public, Mail picked up at post offices is sent to their own SCF in the afternoon, where the mail is sorted overnight. The United States Post Office used a character, which it called Mr. ZIP. He was often depicted with a such as USE ZIP CODE in the selvage of panes of stamps or on labels contained in, or the covers of. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded ZIP Code system that it called ZIP+4, often called plus-four codes, add-on codes, or add ons. But initial attempts to promote use of the new format met with public resistance. For Post Office Boxes, the rule is that each box has its own ZIP+4 code. However, there is no rule, so the ZIP+4 Code must be looked up individually for each box. It is common to use add-on code 9998 for mail addressed to the postmaster,9999 for general delivery, for a unique ZIP Code, the add-on code is typically 0001
10.
Area codes 310 and 424
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Area code 310 is a California telephone area code that was split from area code 213 on November 2,1991. Area code 424 is an overlay of 310 that became effective on July 26,2006 and it is the area code that covers the West Los Angeles and South Bay areas of Los Angeles County, including Santa Catalina Island. It also includes a portion of Ventura County. Area code 424 is the first non-mobile area code overlay in Southern California, therefore, callers in the 310 area code are no longer able to dial a seven-digit number even if they are dialing within the same area code. On January 25,1997 area code 310 was split, creating area code 562 for the southeast portion of Los Angeles County and a portion of Orange County. The south and east portions of 310, roughly the Gateway Cities area of Los Angeles County from Long Beach to Whittier, in lieu of executing an additional split, a new area code, the 424 overlay for the entire 310 region, was first announced in early 1999. Previously, several proposals had been made to split 310 at Imperial Highway, the South Bay below the boundary would have received area code 424. South Bay governments and businesses opposed such a move, since it would require changes to business cards, stationery, signage. Championed by Los Angeles Times columnist Robert Scheer in the papers Santa Monica insert section, responding to the controversy, the California Assembly passed the Consumer Area Code Relief Act of 1999 on September 9,1999, and the 424 overlay was tabled. Having been staved off nearly seven years, the 424 overlay was finally implemented on July 26,2006, on December 31,2005, customers began dialing 1 + area code + seven-digit number whenever a call is placed from the 310 area code. After July 26,2006, customers were required to use the new dialing procedure for all calls, List of California area codes List of NANP area codes North American Numbering Plan NANPA Area Code Map of California
11.
Area code 323
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Area code 323 is a California telephone area code. It covers, roughly, the area of central Los Angeles, including Hollywood, but it excludes Downtown Los Angeles and its immediately adjoining neighborhoods such as Koreatown, Echo Park,323 also includes several gateway cities of the region, including Bell and Huntington Park. 323 was created in a split from area code 213 on June 13,1998, area code 323 is projected to exhaust in 2017. The plan necessitates ten-digit dialing in the overlay area, cities in the 323 area code
12.
Geographic Names Information System
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It is a type of gazetteer. GNIS was developed by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the United States Board on Geographic Names to promote the standardization of feature names, the database is part of a system that includes topographic map names and bibliographic references. The names of books and historic maps that confirm the feature or place name are cited, variant names, alternatives to official federal names for a feature, are also recorded. Each feature receives a permanent, unique feature record identifier, sometimes called the GNIS identifier, the database never removes an entry, except in cases of obvious duplication. The GNIS accepts proposals for new or changed names for U. S. geographical features, the general public can make proposals at the GNIS web site and can review the justifications and supporters of the proposals. The Bureau of the Census defines Census Designated Places as a subset of locations in the National Geographic Names Database, U. S. Postal Service Publication 28 gives standards for addressing mail. In this publication, the postal service defines two-letter state abbreviations, street identifiers such as boulevard and street, department of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey, National Mapping Division, Digital Gazeteer, Users Manual. Least Heat Moon, William, Blue Highways, A Journey Into America, standard was withdrawn in September 2008, See Federal Register Notice, Vol.73, No. 170, page 51276 Report, Principles, Policies, and Procedures, Domestic Geographic Names, U. S. Postal Service Publication 28, November 2000. Board on Geographic Names website Geographic Names Information System Proposals from the general public Meeting minutes
13.
Unincorporated area
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Occasionally, municipalities dissolve or disincorporate, which may happen if they become fiscally insolvent, and services become the responsibility of a higher administration. In some countries, such as in Brazil, Japan, France or the United Kingdom, unlike many other countries, Australia has only one level of local government immediately beneath state and territorial governments. A local government area often contains several towns and even entire cities, thus, aside from very sparsely populated areas and a few other special cases, almost all of Australia is part of an LGA. Unincorporated areas are often in locations, cover vast areas or have very small populations. Postal addresses in unincorporated areas, as in parts of Australia. Thus, there is any ambiguity regarding addresses in unincorporated areas. The Australian Capital Territory has no municipalities and is in some sense an unincorporated area, the territorial government is directly responsible for matters normally carried out by local government. The far west and north of New South Wales constitutes the Unincorporated Far West Region, a civil servant in the state capital manages such matters as are necessary. The second unincorporated area of state is Lord Howe Island. In the Northern Territory,1. 45% of the area and 4. In South Australia, 60% of the area is unincorporated and communities located within can receive services provided by a state agency. Firstly, the remote area that is unincorporated is the Abrolhos Islands. Secondly, the unincorporated areas are A-class reserves either in, or close to. In Canada, depending on the province, a settlement is one that does not have a municipal council that governs solely over the settlement. It is usually, but not always, part of a municipal government. This can range from hamlets to large urbanized areas that are similar in size to towns. In British Columbia, unincorporated settlements lie outside municipal boundaries entirely, Unincorporated settlements with a population of between 100 and 1,000 residents may have the status of designated place in Canadian census data. In some provinces, large tracts of undeveloped wilderness or rural country are unorganized areas that fall directly under the provincial jurisdiction
14.
2010 United States Census
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The 2010 United States Census, is the twenty-third and currently most recent United States national census. National Census Day, the day used for the census, was April 1,2010. As part of a drive to increase the accuracy,635,000 temporary enumerators were hired. The population of the United States was counted as 308,745,538, as required by the United States Constitution, the U. S. census has been conducted every 10 years since 1790. The 2000 U. S. Census was the previous census completed, participation in the U. S. Census is required by law in Title 13 of the United States Code. On January 25,2010, Census Bureau Director Robert Groves personally inaugurated the 2010 Census enumeration by counting World War II veteran Clifton Jackson, more than 120 million census forms were delivered by the U. S. Post Office beginning March 15,2010, the number of forms mailed out or hand-delivered by the Census Bureau was approximately 134 million on April 1,2010. The 2010 Census national mail participation rate was 74%, from April through July 2010, census takers visited households that did not return a form, an operation called non-response follow-up. In December 2010, the Census Bureau delivered population information to the president for apportionment, personally identifiable information will be available in 2082. The Census Bureau did not use a form for the 2010 Census. In several previous censuses, one in six households received this long form, the 2010 Census used only a short form asking ten basic questions, How many people were living or staying in this house, apartment, or mobile home on April 1,2010. Were there any additional people staying here on April 1,2010 that you did not include in Question 1, mark all that apply, Is this house, apartment, or mobile home – What is your telephone number. What is Person 1s age and Person 1s date of birth, is Person 1 of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. Does Person 1 sometimes live or stay somewhere else, the form included space to repeat some or all of these questions for up to twelve residents total. In contrast to the 2000 census, an Internet response option was not offered, detailed socioeconomic information collected during past censuses will continue to be collected through the American Community Survey. The survey provides data about communities in the United States on a 1-year or 3-year cycle, depending on the size of the community, rather than once every 10 years. A small percentage of the population on a basis will receive the survey each year. In June 2009, the U. S. Census Bureau announced that it would count same-sex married couples, however, the final form did not contain a separate same-sex married couple option
15.
Culver City, California
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Culver City is a city in Los Angeles County, California. The city was named after its founder, Harry Culver, as of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 38,883. It is mostly surrounded by the city of Los Angeles, over the years, it has annexed more than 40 pieces of adjoining land and now comprises about five square miles. Since the 1920s, Culver City has been a center for motion picture and later television production, from 1932 to 1985, it was the headquarters for the Hughes Aircraft Company. National Public Radio West and Sony Pictures Entertainment have headquarters in the city, the NFL Network studio is also based in Culver City. Archaeological evidence suggests a human presence in the area of present-day Culver City since at least 8,000 BC, the region was the homeland of the Tongva-Gabrieliño Native Americans, who held a presence in the region for over 8,000 years. The city was founded primarily on the lands of the former Rancho La Ballona, Rancho Rincon de los Bueyes, and Rancho La Cienega o Paso de la Tijera. In 1861, during the American Civil War, Camp Latham was established by the 1st California Infantry under Col. James H. Carleton and the 1st California Cavalry under Lt. Col. Benjamin F. Davis. Named for California Senator Milton S. Latham, the camp was the first staging area for the training of Union troops and their operations in Southern California. It was located on land of the Rancho La Ballona, on the South side of Ballona Creek, near what is now the intersection of Jefferson, the post was later moved to Camp Drum, which became the Drum Barracks. Harry Culver first attempted to establish Culver City in 1913, the city was incorporated on September 20,1917, the city was one of many all-white planned communities started in the Los Angeles area around this time. The first film studio in Culver City was built by Thomas Ince in 1918, in 1919, silent film comedy producer Hal Roach built his studios there, and Metro Goldwyn Mayer in the 20s. During Prohibition, speakeasies and nightclubs such as the Cotton Club lined Washington Boulevard, Culver Center, one of Southern Californias first shopping malls, was completed in 1950 on Venice Boulevard near the Overland Avenue intersection. Today, it has retail stores, a supermarket, a Rite Aid department store, Best Buy. Hughes Aircraft opened its Culver City plant in July 1941, there the company built the H-4 Hercules transport. Hughes was also a subcontractor in World War II. It developed and patented a flexible feed chute for faster loading of machine guns on B-17 bombers, Hughes produced more ammunition belts than any other American manufacturer, and built 5,576 wings and 6,370 rear fuselage sections for Vultee BT-13 trainers. Hughes grew after the war, and in 1953 Howard Hughes donated all of his stock in the company to the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, after he died in 1976, the institute sold the company, which made it the second-best-endowed medical research foundation in the world
16.
Baldwin Hills/Crenshaw, Los Angeles
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Baldwin Hills/Crenshaw is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles encompasses within the south region of the city. It is divided between the upscale, principally home-owning Baldwin Hills residential district to the south and a more concentrated apartment area to the north, a commercial corridor along Crenshaw Boulevard it is known for the Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Plaza, Marlton Square and Crenshaw Boulevard restaurants. According to Mapping L. A. Project of the Los Angeles Times Baldwin Hills/Crenshaw is bounded by Culver City, Jefferson Park, Ladera Heights, View Park-Windsor Hills, areas within it are Baldwin Village, Baldwin Vista, The Dons and Village Green. Baldwin Hills/Crenshaw is right next to the affluent Crenshaw Manor neighborhood but is a separate and distinct community from Baldwin Hills and Baldwin Village communities. Crenshaw Manor is bordered by Crenshaw Blvd to the east, W. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd to the south, W. Exposition Blvd to the north, in 2008 the city estimated that 32,234 people lived there. The median age was 36, older than the city as a whole, the percentage of residents aged 65 and older was among the countys highest. The neighborhood was considered moderately diverse in 2000, with the residents consisting of 71. 3% black,17. 3% Latino,4. 7% Asian,3. 3% white and 3. 4% other, the neighborhood was the fifth-blackest in the city. The average household size was 2.3 people, low compared to the city as a whole, almost 32% of the 2,400 families living in Baldwin Hills-Crenshaw were headed by single parents, the third-highest rate in the city, after Watts and Vermont Knolls. The median household income at $37,948 in 2008 dollars was low compared with city and county populations. The percentage of households earning $20,000 or less a year was high for the county. The percentage of residents 25 and older with a school education and some college was high for the county. The large number of veterans,2,272 or 10. 2% of the population, was high for both the city and the county, the percentage of veterans who served during World War II or the Korean War was among the countys highest. Only 16. 6% of the residents were born, a low figure for both the city and the county. Mexico and El Salvador were the most common places of birth. Rancho La Cienega o Paso de la Tijera, historic early-19th-century eastern hills Rancho land grant. Sanchez Adobe de Rancho La Cienega o Paso de la Tijera, the adobe was once the center of the rancho. In the 1920s, an addition was built linking the structures, Rancho Rincon de los Bueyes, original early-19th-century western section Rancho land grant. Olympic Village, The Baldwin Hills were the site of the very first Olympic Village ever built, built for male athletes only, the village consisted of several hundred buildings, including post and telegraph offices, an amphitheater, a hospital, a fire department, and a bank. Female athletes were housed at the Chapman Park Hotel on Wilshire Boulevard, the Olympic Village was demolished after the Summer Olympic Games
17.
Westchester, Los Angeles
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Westchester is a neighborhood in Los Angeles and the Westside Region of Los Angeles County, California. The neighborhood is known for its secluded character and it is the home of Loyola Marymount University, the Otis College of Art and Design, and Westchester Enriched Sciences Magnet Schools, formerly Westchester High School. Two notable examples of Googie-style architecture are located within the community, the Los Angeles International Airport takes up the southwestern portion of Westchester territory. The main part of Westchester is flanked by Playa Vista and Culver City on the north, Inglewood and Lennox on the east, Del Aire and El Segundo on the south and it includes all of the Los Angeles International Airport. Nearby areas, not necessarily adjacent, Westchester began the 20th century as an area, growing a wide variety of crops in the dry. Westchester hosted the country part of the eventing equestrian event for the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. This community, dubbed Westchester, grew by leaps and bounds as the industry boomed in World War II. A Los Angeles Times article in 1989 described the development as a raw suburb, when the area had 30,000 residents, it was still lacking a police station, fire station, or hospital. It lacked a barber shop even by 1949, the 1960s saw the introduction of airliners that could make trans-Pacific flights without refueling, causing a massive increase in air traffic at LAX. When the North Airfield Complex was constructed the increase in noise from jet takeoffs greatly decreased the desirability of the areas adjoining LAX. In all, Westchester lost 4,500 homes and 14,000 residents, the 18-hole Westchester golf course became a 15-hole course. In 2007 Los Angeles World Airport proposed another move of the North runway into Westchester, in February 2010, a NASA panel found that the North runway was safe and should stay as it is. That same month, LAWA broke ground on a $1.5 billion expansion of the Bradley International Terminal, home prices rose 25 percent in 2013-14 while most southern California communities were recovering much slower. A major factor has been the influx of companies in Playa Vista as the Silicon Beach phenomena in west Los Angeles has spread. The community also experienced a boom in home additions or complete rehabilitation of traditional postwar Ranch-style house into larger two-story homes, the Howard Hughes Center was a significant addition to the neighborhood in 2001 next to the San Diego Freeway. Development continued till by 2015 the complex had 1.3 million square feet of space in high-rise buildings,3,200 apartments. A total of 39,480 people lived in Westchesters 10.81 square miles, the median age was 35.6, about average for Los Angeles city. The percentage of people from age 19 through 34 was among the countys highest
18.
Frank Robinson
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Frank Robinson is an American former Major League Baseball outfielder and manager. He played for five teams from 1956 to 1976, and became the player to win league MVP honors in both the National and American Leagues. He won the Triple Crown, was a member of two teams won the World Series, and amassed the fourth-most career home runs at the time of his retirement. Robinson was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982, Robinson was the first African-American hired to serve as manager in MLB history. He managed the Cleveland Indians during the last two years of his career, compiling a 186–189 record. He went on to manage the San Francisco Giants, the Baltimore Orioles, and he is the honorary President of the American League. Robinson attended McClymonds High School in Oakland, California, where he was a teammate of Bill Russell. He was a teammate of Vada Pinson and Curt Flood. While playing for the Reds in the late 1950s, he attended Xavier University in Cincinnati during the off-season, Robinson had a long and successful playing career. Unusual for a star in the era before free agency, he split his best years between two teams, the Cincinnati Reds and the Baltimore Orioles, the later years of his career were spent with the Los Angeles Dodgers, California Angels and Cleveland Indians. He is the player to be named Most Valuable Player in both leagues, in 1961 with the Reds and again in 1966 with the Orioles. In his rookie year,1956, he tied the then-record of 38 home runs by a rookie, as a member of the Cincinnati Reds, the Reds lost the 1961 World Series to the Yankees. Robinson practiced a gutsy batting style, crowding the plate more than any other player of his time. Asked by an announcer what his solution to the problem was, he answered simply, Just stand up and lambast the next pitch, which he often did. Prior to the 1966 season, Reds owner Bill DeWitt sent Robinson to Baltimore in exchange for pitcher Milt Pappas, pitcher Jack Baldschun and outfielder Dick Simpson. The trade is now considered among the most lopsided deals in baseball history, especially as Robinson was only 30 years old, DeWitt attempted to downplay this fact and defend the deal to skeptical Reds fans by famously referring to Robinson as not a young 30. It forever tarnished Dewitts legacy, and outrage over the deal made it difficult for Pappas to adjust to pitching in Cincinnati, there were also rumors that Robinson did not get along well with teammate Vada Pinson. In Robinsons first year in Baltimore, he won the Triple Crown, on May 8,1966, Robinson became the only player ever to hit a home run completely out of Memorial Stadium
19.
Peter Vidmar
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Peter Glen Vidmar is an American gymnast and Olympic medalist. He was born in Los Angeles and he was inducted into the U. S. Olympic Hall of Fame. He has a total of three Olympic medals, two golds and a silver. Peter is one of three athletes inducted into the U. S. Olympic Hall of Fame twice, first as an individual. He also was the highest-scoring American gymnast in Olympic history and he is an alumnus of UCLA. In 1983, Vidmar won the Nissen Award, peters son Tim was named after his 1984 team mate, Tim Daggett. Tim Daggetts son Peter, is named after Peter Vidmar, Vidmar hosts the Annual Peter Vidmar Mens Gymnastics Invitational at Brentwood School in Los Angeles. Peter has been an anchor for both CBS and ESPN. He is currently a motivational speaker as well as a co-chairman of the U. S. Olympic Committee Summer Sports Summit, in 1998 Vidmar was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame. He was named chairman of the U. S, Gymnastics Board of Directors in December 2008. He is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Vidmar was selected to be the chef de mission for the 2012 Olympics, where he would have represented all U. S. athletes and marched in the opening ceremonies. Vidmar decided several days after his selection to decline the appointment, Vidmar chose not to allow others to create a distraction that might hinder the US Olympic family. He left his role at USA Gymnastics in December 2015 to serve as a president for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Official Website List of competitive results at Gymn Forum
20.
Vanessa Williams
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Vanessa Lynn Williams is an American actress, singer, and fashion designer. She initially gained recognition as the first African-American recipient of the Miss America title when she was crowned Miss America 1984 in September 1983. However, a few prior to the end of her reign. Williams thus resigned as Miss America on July 22,1984, a few years later, she rebounded as an entertainer with the song The Right Stuff. She then had a string of albums and singles and also found success as an actress. You have lived life in grace and dignity, and never was it more evident than during the events of 1984. Though none of us currently in the organization were involved then, on behalf of todays organization, I want to apologize to you and to your mother, Miss Helen Williams. I want to apologize for anything that was said or done that made you feel any less the Miss America you are, Vanessa Lynn Williams was born in the The Bronx, New York, with a birth announcement that read, Here she is, Miss America. Her maternal great-great grandfather was William A. Feilds, an African-American legislator in the Tennessee House of Representatives and her mother, Helen Tinch, met her father, Milton Augustine Williams Jr. while both were music education students at Fredonia State Teachers College in the late 1950s. They both became elementary school music teachers after marriage, though their positions were in separate districts. Milton also served as the Assistant Principal of his school for a period of time. Williams was raised Roman Catholic, the religion of her father and her mother, who had been raised Baptist, converted to Catholicism when she got married. Williams was baptized at Our Lady of Grace Church in the Bronx, Williams mother played the organ at St. Theresas Church in Briarcliff Manor for weddings and at mass and Williams used to assist her mother by turning the pages of sheet music. Williams and her younger brother Chris grew up in a predominantly white suburb of New York City. Williams believes that she may have been the first African-American student to go from the first grade to the 12th grade in the Chappaqua Central School District. As the child of teachers, Williams grew up in a musical household, studying classical and jazz dance, French horn, piano. Thus, in 1981, Williams joined Syracuses College of Visual and Performing Arts and she stayed at Syracuse through her sophomore year, until she was crowned Miss America 1984 in September 1983. Twenty-five years later in May 2008, Syracuse granted Williams a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree, according to Syracuse News, Williams earned the remaining credits for her degree through industry experience and her substantial performances on stage and screen
21.
Lisa Leslie
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Lisa Deshaun Leslie is a former American professional basketball player who played in the Womens National Basketball Association. She is a three-time WNBA MVP and a four-time Olympic gold medal winner, Leslie was the first player to dunk in a WNBA game. In 2011, she was voted in by fans as one of the Top 15 players in WNBA history, in 2015, she was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Leslie is the daughter of Christine Lauren Leslie, who stood 6 ft 3 in, and Walter Leslie, Christine started her own truck driving business to support her three children. Walter left the family when her mother was four months pregnant with her, Leslie has two sisters, Dionne, who is five years older, and Tiffany, who is eight years younger. She also has a brother, Elgin, who is now the Carondelet high school basketball coach, Lisa played basketball on an all-boys basketball team in middle school. She also played on a team with the record 33-1. By the time Leslie was in school in California, she had grown to over 61 but never participated in athletic activities besides tetherball. Her dream then was to be a weather reporter. During the first few weeks of high, a classmate begged Leslie to help out the basketball team. On her first day of tryouts, team members were told to split into two groups for layup drills, lefties and righties. Leslie was the only lefty in the group, so from then on and that decision worked to her advantage, as she became ambidextrous. In eighth grade, she transferred to a high school without a girls basketball team. Her success there contributed to her confidence in her playing abilities, Leslie continued her education in 1986 by enrolling at Morningside High School in Inglewood, California. She made an impact on the basketball program, starting every game for the girls varsity team. She also found time to join the team and compete in track. She ended up being a state qualifier in the 400-meter run, by the time she was a sophomore in high school, she was able to dunk the ball in the open court, even though she was not able to palm the ball. She was her teams leading scorer and rebounder and led them to the 1989 California state championship, Leslie was so talented that she was invited to participate in the USAs Junior World Championship team
22.
Ken Norton
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Kenneth Howard Norton Sr. best known as Ken Norton, was an American professional boxer who competed from 1967 to 1981, and held the WBC heavyweight title from 1977 to 1978. Norton also fought a slugfest with Larry Holmes in 1978, narrowly losing a split decision, having officially retired from boxing in 1981, Norton was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1992. Norton was an athlete at Jacksonville High School. He was selected to the all-state team Football team on defense as a senior in 1960 and his track coach entered him in eight events, and Norton placed first in seven of them. As a result, the Ken Norton Rule, which limits participation of an athlete to a maximum of four track, after graduating from high school, Norton went to Northeast Missouri State University on a football scholarship and studied elementary education. In an interview with ESPN Fitness Magazine in 1985, Norton said that he would have become a teacher or a policeman if he had not taken up boxing. Norton started boxing when he was in the United States Marine Corps from 1963 to 1967, in time, he became the best boxer to ever fight for the Marines, and was awarded the North Carolina AAU Golden Gloves, International AAU and Pan American titles. Following the National AAU finals in 1967, he turned professional, Norton built up a steady string of wins, some against journeyman fighters and others over fringe contenders like the giant Jack OHalloran. But he suffered a defeat, ironically just after The Ring magazine had profiled him as a prospect. It was justifiably Garcias career peak, but Garcia was overpowered, both then as rated contenders, in their rematch five years later. Norton was given the motivational book Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill, shortly before he died, Norton stated Think and Grow Rich changed my life dramatically. I was going to fight Muhammad Ali, I was a green fighter, but yet I won, all through reading this book. Norton also took a course by Napoleon Hill on gaining wealth. It can be related to anybody, to be the best in a career, to think positive, an article which appeared in The Southeast Missourian discussed that Norton credited Napoleon Hills philosophy for his success. To quote from the article, Norton says hes a believer in Napoleon Hills philosophy, so I train for my fights, he says, mentally as well as physically. One thing I do is only watch films of the fights in which Ive done well or in which my opponent has done poorly, Norton once said, In boxing, and in all of life, nobody should ever stop learning. Name opponents were elusive in Nortons early career and his first big break came with a clear win over respected contender Henry Clark. This helped get him his world recognition break when Ali agreed to a match, Joe Frazier, whod sparred with Norton, presciently said of Ali, Hell have plenty of trouble
23.
Arron Afflalo
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Arron Agustin Afflalo is an American professional basketball player for the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association. He played college basketball for UCLA, as a junior, he was named a consensus NCAA Mens Basketball All-Americans and was voted the player of the year in the Pac-12 Conference. After electing to forgo his senior year in college, Afflalo was selected in the first round of the 2007 NBA draft by the Detroit Pistons with the 27th overall pick. Afflalo was born at the UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, only a few minutes walk from Pauley Pavilion and his parents are Benjamin Afflalo and Gwendolyn Washington. He also has a sister named Paris. As a senior in 2003–04, Afflalo helped lead Centennial High School to a California Division III title, considered a five-star recruit by Rivals. com, Afflalo was listed as the No.6 shooting guard and the No.26 player in the nation in 2004. He also set the record for most three-point field goals made in a season. Commenting on the award, Afflalo said, It is good that contributions on both ends of the floor are recognized. If you truly have a love and passion for the game, then you should work at every aspect of it, not just the part that gives you, that being scoring. Against Memphis in the Elite Eight, Afflalo was noted by many to be responsible for stopping Rodney Carney. In the 2007 NCAA Tournament, he was named the West Regionals Most Outstanding Player after scoring 24 points, however, his quick foul trouble against the Florida Gators cost his team the ability to successfully compete and the Bruins ended up bowing out of the tournament. On June 28,2007, Afflalo was drafted with the 27th overall pick in the 2007 NBA draft by the Detroit Pistons and later signed July 6. Afflalo started the teams first and second games during his campaign that culminated with a loss to the Boston Celtics in the Eastern Conference Finals of the 2008 NBA Playoffs. On February 14,2009, Afflalo helped Team Detroit to its victory in three years at the Shooting Stars Competition during the 2009 NBA All-Star Weekend in Phoenix, Arizona. Afflalo teamed with Detroit Shock head coach and former NBA legend Bill Laimbeer, on July 13,2009, he was traded along with Walter Sharpe to the Denver Nuggets in exchange for a second round pick in the 2011 NBA draft and cash. The draft pick became the 52nd overall pick and was used by the Pistons to draft Vernon Macklin, on February 10,2011, Afflalo made a 20-foot jump shot at the buzzer over Shawn Marion as Denver beat Dallas 121–120. The Nuggets trailed by as many as 13 in the 4th and were down 119–110 with under 2 minutes to play before pulling off an upset victory. Afflalo had 19 points in the fourth quarter alone to almost single-handedly power Denver to the win, on December 3,2013, he recorded a career-high 43 points and minutes with 52, in a double-overtime loss to the Philadelphia 76ers
24.
Tyler, the Creator
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Tyler Gregory Okonma, better known by his stage name Tyler, The Creator, is an American rapper, record producer, and music video director. Okonma creates all the artwork for the releases and designs the groups clothing. After releasing his debut album Goblin under XL Recordings, in April 2011, he signed a joint venture deal for him and his label Odd Future Records, with RED Distribution and Sony Music Entertainment. Following that he released his studio album Wolf, which was met with generally positive reviews. He has his own clothing company, called Golf Wang, started in 2011, and he runs his own streaming service Golf Media, Camp Flog Gnaw streams there yearly and contains original scripted series from Tyler himself. Okonma was born in Ladera Heights, California, to a Nigerian father and he has said that he has never met his father, and spent his early life living in the communities of Ladera Heights and Hawthorne, California. At the age of seven, he would take the cover out of an albums case, at the age of 14, he taught himself to play the piano. In his 12 years of schooling, he attended 12 different schools in the Los Angeles and he worked at FedEx for just under two weeks, and Starbucks for over two years. On December 25,2009, Tyler self-released his first mixtape, the mixtape was eventually ranked 32nd on Pitchfork Medias list of the Top Albums of 2010. On February 11,2011, Tyler released the video for Yonkers, the first single from his second album, Goblin. The video has received attention from online media outlets. An extended version with a third verse can be purchased on iTunes, after the release of Yonkers, Tyler announced that he had signed a one-album deal with XL Recordings. Tyler and fellow OF member Hodgy Beats made their debut on February 16,2011 when they performed Sandwitches on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon. On March 16, Tyler and Hodgy performed Yonkers and Sandwitches on the 2011 mtvU Woodie Awards, Goblin was released on May 10,2011. During an interview with Tyler for Interview, Waka Flocka Flame expressed his interest in collaborating with the Odd Future frontman to direct a video for him. Tyler first mentioned the album in early 2010 saying that he would have an album titled Wolf, in early 2011 he told fans through his Formspring account that his third album would be called Wolf and it was scheduled to be released in May 2012. The album will continue Tylers sessions with his fictional therapist, Dr. TC, as hinted by the track on his first album, Bastard. Tylers third album Wolf, released on April 2,2013, in August 2011, Tyler said that the album will be more focused on beats and have less rapping
25.
Byron Scott
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Byron Anton Scott is an American professional basketball former head coach and player. He last coached the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association, as a player, he won three NBA championships with the Lakers during their Showtime era in the 1980s. Scott grew up in Inglewood, California and played at Morningside High School, in the shadow of what was then the Lakers home arena and he played college basketball at Arizona State University for three years, then left after his junior year to play in the NBA. Selected by the San Diego Clippers in the first round, with the pick of the 1983 NBA draft. During his playing career, Scott suited up for the Lakers, Indiana Pacers, Scott was a key player for the Lakers during the Showtime era, being a starter alongside Magic Johnson, James Worthy, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and A. C. Green. He played for the Lakers for 10 consecutive seasons, during that time he was on three NBA championship teams. As a rookie, Scott was a member of the 1984 all-rookie team and he led the NBA in three-point field goal percentage in 1984–85. In 1987–88, Scott enjoyed his best season, leading the NBA champion Lakers in scoring, averaging a career-best 21.7 ppg and he was the Lakers starting shooting guard from 1984 until 1993. In the summer of 1997, Scott signed with the Greek Basket League team Panathinaikos for the 1997–1998 season and that season, he played with Panathinaikos in both the FIBA Saporta Cup, Europes second-tier level competition after the top-tier EuroLeague, and the Greek Basket League. In the Saporta Cups 1997–1998 season, he averaged 13.4 points,2.4 rebounds,2.1 assists, Scott helped to lead his team to the Greek Basket League championship with his scoring in many crucial games. In the Greek Basket Leagues 1997–1998 season, he averaged 17.6 points,2.8 rebounds,2.3 assists, after one season with the Greek Basket League champions, Scott retired from playing professional basketball, and began his coaching career. Byron Scott began his NBA coaching career in 1998, when he began the first of two seasons as an assistant with the Sacramento Kings. He specialized in teaching perimeter shooting during his tenure with the Kings, in 2000, Scott took over a struggling New Jersey Nets team. His team performed poorly in his first year, but that changed in the 2001–02 season with the arrival of Jason Kidd as the Nets raced to a record of 52 wins. In the process, they won their first Atlantic division crown, New Jersey was up by double figures in game six, but the Spurs tightened up their defense, which won the game and the championship. Scott was fired during the 2003–04 season, as New Jersey had a disappointing 22–20 record coming into the All-Star break, rumors of a rift between Scott and Kidd circulated media outlets, with sources allegedly claiming that Kidd wanted Scott out of Jersey. All the parties, including then Nets GM Rod Thorn, denied the reports, Scott claimed that he was very surprised by the report and that he and Kidd always got along. He was succeeded by his assistant Lawrence Frank, while coaching the Nets, Scott lived in Livingston, New Jersey
26.
United States Census Bureau
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The United States Census Bureau is a principal agency of the U. S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureaus primary mission is conducting the U. S. Census every ten years, in addition to the decennial census, the Census Bureau continually conducts dozens of other censuses and surveys, including the American Community Survey, the U. S. Economic Census, and the Current Population Survey, furthermore, economic and foreign trade indicators released by the federal government typically contain data produced by the Census Bureau. The Bureaus various censuses and surveys help allocate over $400 billion in federal funds every year and help states, local communities, the Census Bureau is part of the U. S. Department of Commerce and its director is appointed by the President of the United States. The Census Bureau now conducts a population count every 10 years in years ending with a 0. Between censuses, the Census Bureau makes population estimates and projections, the Census Bureau is mandated with fulfilling these obligations, the collecting of statistics about the nation, its people, and economy. The Census Bureaus legal authority is codified in Title 13 of the United States Code, the Census Bureau also conducts surveys on behalf of various federal government and local government agencies on topics such as employment, crime, health, consumer expenditures, and housing. Within the bureau, these are known as surveys and are conducted perpetually between and during decennial population counts. The Census Bureau also conducts surveys of manufacturing, retail, service. Between 1790 and 1840, the census was taken by marshals of the judicial districts, the Census Act of 1840 established a central office which became known as the Census Office. Several acts followed that revised and authorized new censuses, typically at the 10-year intervals, in 1902, the temporary Census Office was moved under the Department of Interior, and in 1903 it was renamed the Census Bureau under the new Department of Commerce and Labor. The department was intended to consolidate overlapping statistical agencies, but Census Bureau officials were hindered by their role in the department. An act in 1920 changed the date and authorized manufacturing censuses every 2 years, in 1929, a bill was passed mandating the House of Representatives be reapportioned based on the results of the 1930 Census. In 1954, various acts were codified into Title 13 of the US Code, by law, the Census Bureau must count everyone and submit state population totals to the U. S. President by December 31 of any year ending in a zero. States within the Union receive the results in the spring of the following year, the United States Census Bureau defines four statistical regions, with nine divisions. The Census Bureau regions are widely used. for data collection, the Census Bureau definition is pervasive. Title 13 of the U. S. Code establishes penalties for the disclosure of this information, all Census employees must sign an affidavit of non-disclosure prior to employment. The Bureau cannot share responses, addresses or personal information with anyone including United States or foreign government, only after 72 years does the information collected become available to other agencies or the general public
27.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
28.
1970 United States Census
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Microdata from the 1970 census are freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files and these data were originally created and disseminated by DUALabs. Personally identifiable information will be available in 2042, california took over as the most populous state, New York had previously been ranked number one. While the entire country increased to more than 204 million persons, four states lost population with West Virginia leading the list, down 8, historic US Census data 1971 U. S Census Report, with estimated 1970 Census results 1970 Census of Population
29.
1980 United States Census
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Approximately 16 percent of households received a long form of the 1980 census, which contained over 100 questions. Full documentation on the 1980 census, including forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Microdata from the 1980 census are available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, personally identifiable information will be available in 2052. Between the 1980 census and the 1990 census, the United States population increased by approximately 22,164,837 or 9. 8%, historic US Census data 1981 U. S Census Report Contains 1980 Census results
30.
1990 United States Census
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Approximately 16 percent of households received a long form of the 1990 census, which contained over 100 questions. Full documentation on the 1990 census, including forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. It was the first census to designate Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander as a group separate from Asians. To increase black participation in the 1990 United States Census, the bureau recruited Bill Cosby, Magic Johnson, Alfre Woodard, the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, personally identifiable information will be available in 2062. The results of the 1990 census determined the number of seats that each state receives in the United States House of Representatives starting with the 1992 elections, consequently, this affected the number of votes each state has in the Electoral College for the 1992 presidential election. Because of population changes, twenty-one states had changes in their number of seats, eight states gained at least one seat, and thirteen states lost at least one seat. The final result involved 19 seats being switched
31.
2000 United States Census
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This was the twenty-second federal census and was at the time the largest civilly administered peacetime effort in the United States. Approximately 16 percent of households received a form of the 2000 census. Full documentation on the 2000 census, including forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Microdata from the 2000 census is available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, personally identifiable information will be available in 2072. The U. S. resident population includes the number of people in the 50 states. The Bureau also enumerated the residents of the U. S. territory of Puerto Rico, its population was 3,808,610, the 2000 Census was the first time survey options for multiracial Americans were provided. S. Households had access to computers, 42% have Internet access, regionally, the South and West experienced the bulk of the nations population increase,14,790,890 and 10,411,850, respectively. This meant that the center of U. S. population moved to Phelps County. The Northeast grew by 2,785,149, the Midwest by 4,724,144, the results of the census are used to determine how many congressional districts each state is apportioned. Congress defines the formula, in accordance with Title 2 of the U. S. Code, each member of the House represents a population of about 647,000. The populations of the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico are excluded from the apportionment population because they do not have voting seats in the U. S, since the first census in 1790, the decennial count has been the basis for the United States representative form of government. Article I, Section II specifies that The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, in 1790, each member of the House represented about 34,000 residents. Since then, the House more than quadrupled in size, today, each member represents about 20 times as many constituents. This recommendation was followed by the Secretary of Commerce, after the census was tabulated, Utah challenged the results in two different ways. Utah was extremely close to gaining a fourth seat, falling 857 people short. The margin was later shortened to 80 people, after the government discovered that it overcounted the population of North Carolina by 2,673 residents. Utah claimed that individuals traveling abroad as religious missionaries should be counted as residents, almost half of all Mormon missionaries, more than 11,000 individuals, were from Utah, only 102 came from North Carolina
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Population density
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Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume, it is a quantity of type number density. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and most of the time to humans and it is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by land area or water volume. Low densities may cause a vortex and lead to further reduced fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it, commonly this may be calculated for a county, city, country, another territory, or the entire world. The worlds population is around 7,000,000,000, therefore, the worldwide human population density is around 7,000,000,000 ÷510,000,000 =13.7 per km2. If only the Earths land area of 150,000,000 km2 is taken into account and this includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. If Antarctica is also excluded, then population density rises to over 50 people per km2, thus, this number by itself does not give any helpful measurement of human population density. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states, microstates, cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Most of the most densely populated cities are in Southeast Asia, though Cairo, for instance, Milwaukee has a greater population density when just the inner city is measured, and the surrounding suburbs excluded. Arithmetic density, The total number of people / area of land, physiological density, The total population / area of arable land. Agricultural density, The total rural population / area of arable land, residential density, The number of people living in an urban area / area of residential land. Urban density, The number of people inhabiting an urban area / total area of urban land, ecological optimum, The density of population that can be supported by the natural resources. S. States by population density Selected Current and Historic City, Ward & Neighborhood Density
United States of America
California
Los Angeles
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