Lahar
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A lahar is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley.
A lahar travels down a river valley in Guatemala near the Santa María volcano, 1989
Excavated 9th century Sambisari Hindu temple near Yogyakarta in Java, Indonesia. The temple was buried 6.5 metres under the lahar volcanic debris accumulated from centuries of Mount Merapi eruptions.
Mudline left behind on trees on the banks of the Muddy River after the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens showing the height of the lahar
The aftermath of a lahar from the 1982 eruption of Galunggung, Indonesia
Nevado del Ruiz
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Nevado del Ruiz, also known as La Mesa de Herveo is a volcano on the border of the departments of Caldas and Tolima in Colombia, being the highest point of both. It is located about 130 km west of the
The volcano's summit and upper flanks are covered by several glaciers that appear as a white mass surrounding the Arenas crater.
The top of the 11,000 year-old ash fall deposits interstratified with paleosols overlying a channelized debris flow and a sequence of wet surges.
Armero was located in the center of this photograph, taken late November 1985.
Nevado del Ruiz as seen from Manizales, 2006