Lake Passaic was a prehistoric proglacial lake that existed in northern New Jersey in the United States at the end of the last ice age 19,000–14,000 years ago. The lake was formed of waters released by the retreating Wisconsin Glacier, which had pushed large quantities of earth and rock ahead of its advance, blocking the previous natural drainage of the ancestral Passaic River through a gap in the central Watchung Mountains; the lake persisted for several thousand years as melting ice and eroding moraine dams drained the former lake basin. The effect of the lake's creation permanently altered the course of the Passaic River, forcing it to take a circuitous route through the northern Watchung Mountains before spilling out into the lower piedmont. Today, the former lake basin is called Passaic Meadows and includes the Great Swamp, Black Meadows, Troy Meadows, Hatfield Swamp, Lee Meadows, Little Piece Meadows, Great Piece Meadows, Glenhurst Meadows, Bog and Vly Meadows; these remnants of the ancient lake provide prime wetland habitat to a variety of plants and animals while at the same time offering recreational and outdoor opportunities to residents of northern New Jersey.

The discovery of Glacial Lake Passaic is credited to Professor George Hammell Cook, once the State Geologist of New Jersey and Vice President of Rutgers University. Cook's first official mention of the lake was in the New Jersey Annual Report of the State Geologist for the Year 1880, in which he described flat-topped hills and drift-like deposits in the upper Passaic Valley that appeared to be created or modified by the waters of a lake. Twelve years field research conducted under State Geologist John C. Smock began to uncover wave-cut terraces and other shoreline features that more conclusively established the lake's existence. However, the boundaries of the lake were not understood until the following year, 1893, when geologists Rollin D. Salisbury and Henry B. Kümmel completed a study of wave cut terraces, shoreline platforms, delta deposits within the central and upper Passaic basin; the study was used to create a report, Lake Passaic – An Extinct Glacial Lake, included in the New Jersey Annual Report of the State Geologist for the Year 1893.

During the late Triassic and early Jurassic periods, when the North American plate separated from the African plate, an aborted rift system was created. The resulting rift valley, known as the Newark Basin, was filled with alternating layers of red bed sediment and flood basalts. Over millions of years, the rift valley was faulted and eroded, until the edges of the hard flood basalt layers formed ridges. Prior to 20,000 years before the present, an ancestral Passaic River flowed through a gap in these ridges; this changed when the Wisconsin Glacier, a massive continental ice sheet which formed during the last ice age, advanced on the region and permanently plugged the gap. As the glacier melted back, water pooled behind the ridges, forming Glacial Lake Passaic. Glacial Lake Passaic was a dynamic water body during its five millennia of existence. At present, the lake is believed to have existed in four major stages, the final stage being split between three smaller sub-stages; each stage saw a new shoreline elevation of the lake as ice or earthen moraine dams were built or gave way over brief spans of time.

20,000 years ago, the Wisconsin Glacier advanced across northern New Jersey, expanding differentially across the land as it encountered variable terrain. West of the Watchung Mountains and east of the Appalachians, the Passaic lobe of the great glacier was impeded by rugged terrain, slowing its southward advance. East of the Watchung Mountains, the Hackensack lobe of the glacier spread more over the piedmont lowlands, advancing on the Hobart/Short Hills Gap. An ancestral Passaic River flowed southeast toward Raritan Bay through the gap, but as the Hackensack lobe dammed it with ice, a lake began to form, reaching depths of nearly 200 feet; the resulting body of water formed the Chatham Stage, which found an outlet to the sea via the Blue Brook Valley, between the ridges of First and Second Watchung Mountain south of the Short Hills Gap. This outlet, was cut off as the Hackensack lobe continued to push south; the Hackensack lobe of the Wisconsin Glacier piled a massive moraine into the Short Hills Gap and northern Blue Brook Valley creating a permanent dam after the ice began retreating to the north.

With its outlet to the sea severed, Glacial Lake Passaic rose until it found a new escape point via a gap in the southwestern Watchung Mountains known as Moggy Hollow. The Moggy Hollow Stage came to be the deepest stage of the ancient lake, reaching a depth of about 300 ft. Eventually, it came to cover the greatest area too; as the Wisconsin Glacier melted back, the lake's waters submerged an area stretching from the base of Preakness Mountain in Wayne to the northern slope of Second Watchung Mountain in Liberty Corner. During this time, it is believed that the ridges of Third Watchung Mountain formed a sinuous chain of islands running down the length of lake; the first major drop in the level of Glacial Lake Passaic occurred as the Wisconsin Glacier melted back to reveal the Great Notch, a significant gap present in the ridge of First Watchung Mountain in Clifton. In a short span of time, the level of the lake fell 80 feet, the resulting drainage carving a spillway that would become the valley of the Third River.

The Great Notch Stage, as it came to be called, produced a lake of similar depth to the Chatham Stage, although covering a greater area. It is believed that Hook Mountain, one of the ridges of Third Watchung Mountain, was

Hrachya Keshishyan is an Armenian film director and producer, winner of numerous international awards. In 1990 - 1993 he worked as a director for Armenian State TV and Radio Committee. In 1993-1998 he was the Head of TV Programs Unit of Information and Propaganda Department at Ministry of Defense. In 1996 - 2000 was the "Art 13" TV general producer in 2000 - 2010 general producer of Armenia Public TV. In 1999-2010 Keshishyan produced and directed many TV programs and shows at Armenia Public TV: "Late Night," "The First Program," "Open project", "Foreign games", "Resolution", "Europolis", "Top 10" "Hot 10", "Two Stars", "Song of Songs". 2003-2009 he produced Armenian National Music Awards and in 2006-2008 was the producer for the contestants from Armenia at the "Eurovision" International Music Competition. In 2010 he was the Chief Advisor to the President of Public Council of Radio of Armenia. In 2011 was the Head of the «ATV» Television Company. In 2012 was the CEO and general producer of «Armenia TV».

Nothing Will Stay Hrachya Keshishian is winner of numerous local and international awards for his films, as well as music videos. In 2011 Hrachya Keshishyan was awarded The Movses Khorenatsi Medal. AV Production - ՀՐԱՉՅԱ ՔԵՇԻՇՅԱՆ Hrachya Keshishyan on IMDb

The Sydney Roosters is an Australian professional rugby league football club based in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney. The club competes in the National Rugby League competition and is one of the oldest and most successful clubs; the Roosters have won fifteen New South Wales Rugby League and National Rugby League titles, several other competitions. As a franchise, the Eastern Suburbs/Sydney City/Sydney Roosters have won 15 premierships, tying them with the St George Dragons. Only South Sydney Rabbitohs have won more premierships; the club holds the record for having the most wins and the second greatest margin of victory in a match in Australian rugby league history, has won more minor premierships than any other club. The Roosters is one of only two clubs to finish runners-up in its inaugural season; the Eastern Suburbs DRLFC is the only club to have played in each and every season at the elite level, since the 1970s has been dubbed the "glamour club" of the league. Coached by Trent Robinson along with captains Boyd Cordner and Jake Friend, the Roosters play their home games at the Sydney Cricket Ground.

The club was founded in 1908 in Paddington, Sydney, as Eastern Suburbs District Rugby League Football Club. The Bondi Junction and Moore Park-based Roosters have a long-standing and fierce rivalry with other Sydney-based clubs the South Sydney Rabbitohs, a fellow foundation club based in neighbouring Redfern; the Eastern Suburbs District Rugby League Football Club was formed on 24 January 1908 at a meeting at the Paddington Town Hall in Sydney after it was decided that the district should enter a team in the newly formed New South Wales Rugby Football League. The ESDRLFC was formed, under its articles of association with the NSWRL, to represent the geographic areas in Sydney covering the Waverley, Woollahra, Paddington and Vaucluse local government municipalities, as well as the eastern parts of the Sydney CBD. Indeed, the'suburb' of Sydney, postcode 2000, falls within the official boundaries of the ESDRLFC. Unofficially nicknamed the "Tricolours" due to their red and blue playing strip, Eastern Suburbs won its first match, defeating Newtown 32–16 at Wentworth Oval on 20 April 1908.

In 1913, it became the first club to win three consecutive premierships. However, the club declined and failed to win the premiership for the next nine seasons. Eastern Suburbs missed the finals once from 1926 to 1942, in that time won four titles and the minor premiership on seven occasions. During this period, Dave Brown set several point-scoring records. In 1935, the team lost just one game, recorded the highest winning margin in their history, an 87–7 victory over Canterbury. In 1936, Eastern Suburbs became one of five teams in premiership history to remain undefeated for an entire season, a feat they repeated the following year, they are the only club to remain unbeaten for two consecutive seasons. Despite claiming the premiership in 1945, Eastern Suburbs failed to make the finals for the following seven seasons. A runners-up finish in 1960 was the closest the club came to claiming the premiership during this era. Eastern Suburbs were soundly defeated 31–6 in the grand final that year, by the famous record-beating St George outfit.

In 1966, the club was winless for the first time in its history. It was the last occasion in which the Roosters won the wooden spoon until claiming it again in the 2009 season, it ended a poor run for Eastern Suburbs. The club underwent a renaissance in 1967 after appointing Jack Gibson as coach, introducing a new emblem on the playing jerseys, the rooster. From 1972 to 1982, the Roosters won four minor premierships and played in four grand finals, winning two consecutively. Gibson, now dubbed as "Super Coach", returned to lead the team from 1974 to 1976. In 1974 and 1975, the team won 39 of 44 matches, both minor premierships, both grand finals and set a premiership record of 19 consecutive wins; the 38–0 grand final victory in 1975 against St George was the largest margin in a first grade grand final, the record stood for 33 years until superseded by Manly's 40–nil win over the Melbourne Storm in 2008. Though the 1975 grand final was played in the era of an obsolete scoring system with 3-point tries, the winning margin using 4 points for tries would mean that it is still a record for a grand final at 46-0.

With line-ups including Mark Harris, Elwyn Walters, John Brass, Bill Mullins, Russell Fairfax, Johnny Mayes, John Peard, Ron Coote, Ian Schubert and captain Arthur Beetson, the Centenary of Rugby League panel considered the Roosters of 1974 and 1975 to be among the greatest club teams of all time. Between 1984 and 1995, the Roosters reached the semi-finals once, became known to critics as the "transit lounge", due to the high frequency of player purchases and releases; the club came close to reaching the premiership in 1987 under coach and favourite son Arthur Beetson, being defeated by eventual premiers Manly in a "bruising" major semi-final, 10–6. As the Super League war built up in the mid-1990s, the Roosters recruited high-profile coach Phil Gould and star five-eighth Brad Fittler, both from the Penrith Panthers; this helped to send the Roosters back to the upper end of the ladder. Fittler's presence proved invaluable.

James William White was an American surgeon from Philadelphia. After participating in the Hassler expedition to the West Indies, he became a respected surgeon and author at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital, with which he was associated from 1874 to 1916, he was John Rhea Barton Professor of Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital from 1900 to 1912 and professor emeritus until his death. J. William White was born in Philadelphia, a son of Dr. James W. White and his wife Mary Ann McClaranan. Dr. James W. White was for many years president of the Board of Charities and Correction, founder of the Maternity Hospital in Philadelphia, first president of the S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Company. After completing courses of study in the public schools and Friends' School, J. William White entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, whence he was graduated Doctor of Medicine, class of 1871, receiving from the university the degree of Doctor of Philosophy the same year.

Shortly after graduation he became a member of the staff gathered by Professor Louis Agassiz for the Hassler expedition to the West Indies, the Straits of Magellan and both coasts of South America. After his return to Philadelphia he began practice, became eminent as a surgeon, during his entire after life was a teacher and writer in surgery, he joined the University of Pennsylvania Medical School in 1874. His connection with the university as professor emeritus ended only with his death. White was the author of the "Human Anatomy", he was a member of the American Surgical Association, the American Genito-Urinary Association, a fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania. White was an avid sportsman, he was a member of the Rittenhouse, Corinthian Yacht, Philadelphia Country and Franklin Inn clubs of Philadelphia. He was a member of the Reform, the Royal Automobile and the Kinsman clubs, all of London, of the Swiss and American Alpine Club. Once, in September 1880, he swam from Newport to the Narragansett Pier, Rhode Island, making ten miles in five hours and forty minutes in a cold rough sea.

He married, on June 22, 1888, Miss Letitia Brown, who survived him. During World War I, Dr. White served at the American Hospital in Paris, as part of a unit from the University of Pennsylvania Medical School, he published A Primer of the War for Americans enlarged and republished as A Textbook of the War for Americans. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Jordan, John Woolf, 1840–1921. Encyclopedia of Pennsylvania biography: illustrated. 7. New York, NY: Lewis Historical Publishing Co. CS1 maint: uses editors parameter Works by or about J. William White at Internet Archive

Robert "Rob" L. Gordon III has spent over 30 years as a cross-sector leader in the government, academic and high tech sectors, he is the Chief Global Growth Officer of SBG Technology Solutions, a technology and services company that delivers solutions to the Federal government that govern modernization, optimize operations, secure vital IT infrastructure. He is the President of Be the Change, a social impact organization that creates manages national issue-based campaigns to inspire broad cross-sector coalitions to bring about positive changes in American society. Gordon was appointed the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Military Community and Family Policy on July 19, 2010, serving under U. S. President Barack Obama. In the Defense Department he was responsible for defense-wide policy, program execution and oversight of global community support programs to care for and empower 2 million Service members, 1.2 million military spouses, 2 million children, over 2 million military families worldwide.

He oversaw the Department of Defense school system that serves 90,000 students in 194 schools in 14 districts located in 12 foreign countries, seven states and Puerto Rico. He oversaw voluntary education for over half a million active duty military service members. Included within the purview of his office was the strategic development of quality education for more than one million military school aged children, his oversight included two Armed Forces Retirement Homes and mortuary affairs, military funeral honors. During his tenure, Gordon spearheaded the creation of the Military Spouse Employment Partnership initiative, a partnership with more than 360 employer partners nationwide that have hired over 120,000 military spouses since the program's inception, he led the effort to overhaul the infrastructure of 160 public schools on military installations across the United States. For his service he was awarded the Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service. Gordon was a senior executive at City Year, an education-based national service program that engages 17- to 24-year-old young adults to serve as full-time national service corps members at one of 27 cities across the United States as tutors and mentors, running after-school programs and leading youth leadership programs.

Gordon was the Founding Chair of ServiceNation: Mission Serve, a nationwide initiative established in 2009 within the Service Nation network that activates and convenes civilian and military organizations across the United States to more focus on issues associated with Veterans, military families, active-duty service members reintegrating back into the communities across the country. Born in Richmond, Gordon is the son of an American Army officer and a schoolteacher. Most of his youth was spent overseas in Germany; as a child he lived with his family in the Tian Mu district in Taipei, where he attended the Dominican International School in downtown Taipei. He lived in Frankfurt and Augsburg, where he attended Augsburg American High School for two years; as a military brat, Gordon lived in New York and Colorado in the United States. He graduated in 1975 from General William J. Palmer High School in Colorado, he is a graduate of both West Princeton University. Gordon graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1979 with a BS degree and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Field Artillery.

He went to Ranger School after his West Point graduation and afterwards was assigned to the 4th Infantry Division near Colorado Springs, Colorado. He held numerous artillery assignments and was selected to be the Aide-de-Camp to Brigadier General Colin Powell from 1981 to 1982. After his tour at Fort Carson he attended the Field Artillery Advanced Course at Fort Sill, where he was the Distinguished Graduate. Gordon commanded a heavy artillery company in Bamberg and soon thereafter was selected to return to West Point to teach in the Department of Social Sciences, he attended the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, earned a Masters in Public Affairs in 1989. Gordon was assigned to the Department of Social Sciences at West Point where he served as both an instructor and Assistant Professor of American Politics, the Executive Officer of the Department. Gordon won the prestigious White House Fellowship and served in both the Department of Veterans Affairs and the White House.

Following his fellowship he returned to field duty at Fort Carson, was assigned to West Point as the Director of American Politics in the Department of Social Sciences. His military education includes the Field Artillery Officer Advanced Course, the United States Army Command and General Staff College and an instructor and graduate of the National War College. While at West Point, Gordon co-founded and was for six years the Executive Director of Service America, a funded program that brought together cadets at West Point and AmeriCorps members to serve as tutors, build low income housing, improve environmental awareness in six cities in three states

The National Farmers Organization is a producer movement founded in the United States in 1955, by farmers younger farmers with mortgages, frustrated by too receiving crop and produce prices that producied a living that paid less than the minimum wage, too might not cover the cost of seed, land, etc. This was despite the many hours; this was despite mortgages having to be paid in years of other crop failure. It was despite too high injury rates related to lifting and to high mortality rates due to working with heavy, sharp equipment. Frustrated farmers, tried to obtain better prices. At first the methods included withholding of commodities from sale; the early methods included opposition to those coops unwilling to withhold goods from market. During protests, farmers might purposely sell food directly to neighbors instead of through the co-ops, they might destroy food in dramatic ways, in an attempt to gain media exposure, for example, slaughtering excess dairy cows. A 1964 incident brought negative attention when two members were crushed under the rear wheels of a cattle truck.

They did not succeed in obtaining a Canadian-style quota system. Methods, are different now. Details and sources are below. NFO had its roots in earlier populist agrarian movements such as the Grange, the National Farmers Union, the Farmers' Alliance; the NFO was founded on 22 September 1955 in Bedford, Iowa. However, it informally began with conversations between farmer Wayne Jackson and feed sales man Jay Loghry in 1953. At a feed sales presentation for Moorman's feed on September 5, 1955 in the Adair County, Iowa schoolhouse, Loghry suggested to the seven farmers present that they form a new farm organization. Jackson organized the next meeting at Iowa, at which 35 farmers attended. However, much of the initial impetus for the NFO's early growth came from positive comments made by former Iowa Governor Daniel Webster Turner when he was asked about it by the press. Don Berkhahn was instrumental in the early years. Turner exerted a moderating influence on the organization, he had been Governor of Iowa during the Farmer's Holiday Association movement and had to call-out the state militia to suppress violence associated with that eruption.

Governor Turner's political career had foundered due to the Great Depression, but he was still influential in 1955. He sought to direct the nascent NFO organization away from militancy; the NFO took on the character of a “producers union”. The NFO headquarters was established in Iowa. Governor Turner had wanted the organization to be headquartered in a small town, instead of in a big city like Kansas City, Omaha, or Chicago, he wanted the NFO to remain in touch with its rural roots. In return for Missourians' supporting Corning as the headquarters’ site, Turner backed Oren Lee Staley from Missouri as the first President of the NFO. In 1989; the national headquarters was relocated to Iowa. In its early days as a protest organization, the NFO's membership reached as high as 149,000. Staley is credited with carrying the NFO thru the subsequent downturn and establishing a post-protest program for the NFO. Under Staley's leadership the NFO pursued collective bargaining agreements in accordance with the Capper–Volstead Act of 1922.

National Farmers represented dairy producers' interests in Federal Milk Marketing Order hearings and started depositing milk checks directly into members' banks. Using group marketing and a supply management system designed by farmers for farms, National Farmers contracts with processors established floor or minimum prices to take rapid fluctuations out of farm-gate milk prices; the NFO's program involved: getting members to sign a membership agreement that named the NFO as their bargaining agent negotiating procurement agent contracts with food processors who buy the produce of the members. For milk, cutting handling charges in order to gain market share In 1964, the Lake to Lake dairy coop held its annual meeting at Luxemburg High School. Protestors from the National Farmers Organization dumped milk from a milk truck on the school grounds. In 1964, two NFO members were killed when they and about 500 others attempted to stop a truck from taking cattle to market; the NFO engaged in producers strikes called “holding actions” to get food processors who ordinarily held monopsony power over farmers to sign the agency contracts.

On March 16, 1967 the NFO started their most notable holding action. They withheld milk from the market for 15 days; this ended due to a temporary restraining order issued by US Federal Judge Stephenson of the US District Court for Southern Iowa. By the time the restraining order expired, the government negotiated terms agreeable to the NFO. During this withholding, milk supplies in the Nashville, area were reduced from 12,000 to 1,800 gallons per day. All remaining milk was escorted by police to hospitals. Overall, many public slaughters were held in early 1970s. Farmers would kill their own animals in front of media representatives. However, this effort backfired because it angered television audiences to see animals being "needlessly and wastefully" killed. In the 1970s, the National Farmers Organization started working with processors and the food and feed industry to secure supply contracts in all the commodities they represented; the strategy was to sell into rising markets and influence the market positively, rather than feed, encourage, a continued market downtrend.

The group developed a collection, dis