Laminar–turbulent transition
Videos
In fluid dynamics, the process of a laminar flow becoming turbulent is known as laminar–turbulent transition. The main parameter characterizing transition is the Reynolds number.
The plume from an ordinary candle transitions from laminar to turbulent flow in this Schlieren photograph.
Reynolds’ 1883 experiment on fluid dynamics in pipes
Reynolds’ 1883 observations of the nature of the flow in his experiments
Boundary layer
Videos
In physics and fluid mechanics, a boundary layer is the thin layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface formed by the fluid flowing along the surface. The fluid's interaction with
Laminar–turbulent transition
…laminar–turbulent transitional or turbulent–laminar transitional flow. The process applies to any fluid flow, and is most often used in the context of boundary layers. In 1883 Osborne Reynolds demonstrated the transition to turbulent flow in a classic experiment in which he examined the behaviour of water flow under…
The boundary layer around a human hand, schlieren photograph. The boundary layer is the bright-green border, most visible on the back of the hand (click for high-res image).
Ludwig Prandtl