Langkasuka was an ancient Hindu-Buddhist kingdom located in the Malay Peninsula. The name is Sanskrit in origin; it is thought to be a combination of langkha for "resplendent land" -sukkha for "bliss". The kingdom, along with Old Kedah, is among the earliest kingdoms founded on the Malay Peninsula. The exact location of the kingdom is of some debate, but archaeological discoveries at Yarang near Pattani, Thailand suggest a probable location. The kingdom is proposed to have been established in the 1st century, perhaps between 80 and 100 AD.
A suggestion of the reach of the kingdom of Langkasuka. Most scholars consider Langkasuka to be located on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, but some argued for a kingdom that extended from the east to the west coast. Ligor refers to Nakhon Si Thammarat and Kataha is Kedah.
Details from Portraits of Periodical Offering of Liang showing an emissary from Langkasuka with description of the kingdom. Song Dynasty copy of a Liang Dynasty painting dated to 526–539.
Yarang is a district (amphoe) of Pattani province, southern Thailand.
Yarang intersection before 2020 expansion