1.
Ed Sullivan Theater
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The Ed Sullivan Theater, located at 1697–1699 Broadway between West 53rd and West 54th, in the Theater District in Manhattan, is a venerable radio and television studio in New York City. The theater has been used as a venue for live and taped CBS broadcasts since 1936 and it is historically known as the home of The Ed Sullivan Show and the site of The Beatles US debut performance. It has also housed David Lettermans tenure of CBS Late Show from 1993 to 2015, the theatre currently houses The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, the second incarnation of the Late Show franchise. It is on the National Register of Historic Places, and the interior has been designated a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, the 13-story, brown brick and terra cotta office building with a ground-floor theater was designed by architect Herbert J. Krapp. It was built by Arthur Hammerstein between 1925 and 1927, and was named Hammersteins Theatre after his father, Oscar Hammerstein I, the original neo-Gothic interior contained pointed-arch stained-glass windows with scenes from the elder Hammersteins operas. Its first production was the three-hour musical Golden Dawn, the male lead of which was Cary Grant, then still using his birth name. Arthur Hammerstein went bankrupt in 1931, and lost ownership of the building and it later went by the name Manhattan Theatre, Billy Roses Music Hall, and the Manhattan once again. In the 1930s, it became a nightclub, after CBS obtained a long-term lease on the property, the radio network began broadcasting from there in 1936, moving in broadcast facilities it had leased at NBC Studios in Radio City. The debut broadcast was the Major Bowes Amateur Hour, the theater had various names during the networks tenancy, including Radio Theater #3 and the CBS Radio Playhouse. It was converted for television in 1950, when it became CBS-TV Studio 50, in the early and mid-Fifties, the theater played host to many of the live telecasts of The Jackie Gleason Show. The theater was renamed for Sullivan at the end of his 20th Anniversary Celebration telecast on December 10,1967. In the 1960s, Studio 50 was one of CBS busiest stages, not only for Sullivans program but also for The Merv Griffin Show, as well as several game shows. In 1965, Studio 50 was converted to color, and the first color episode of The Ed Sullivan Show originated from the theater on October 31,1965, the first episode of regular color telecasts of Whats My Line. was broadcast live on September 11,1966. Line and Truth remained at Studio 50 even after they moved from CBS to first-run syndication in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The Ed Sullivan Theater was also the first home for The $10,000 Pyramid, with its huge end-game board set at the rear of the stage, in 1973. Other short-lived game shows produced at the Ed included Musical Chairs with singer Adam Wade, Shoot For The Stars with Geoff Edwards, the CBS lease on the building expired in 1981 and it became a Reeves Entertainment teletape facility. As such it hosted the sitcom Kate & Allie, which ran from 1984 to 1989, in 1990, David Niles/1125 Productions signed onto the lease, with the theater to house his HDTV studio and new Broadway show Dreamtime. On October 17,1992, an NBC special celebrating Phil Donahues 25 years on television taped in the theater, the following month, NBC News used the theater for its November 1992 election night coverage
2.
Late Show (CBS TV series)
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The Late Show is an American late-night television talk and variety show on CBS. It first aired in August 1993 with host David Letterman, who previously hosted Late Night with David Letterman on NBC from 1982 to 1993, Lettermans iteration of the program ran until his retirement on May 20,2015. Comedian Stephen Colbert, best known for his roles on Comedy Central programs The Daily Show and The Colbert Report, according to their agreement, the show would spend a month in Hollywood at least once a year. CBS purchased the Ed Sullivan Theater for four dollars, spending several million more for renovation. The renovation was supervised by architect James Polshek, when Letterman moved to CBS and began the Late Show, several of Late Nights long-running comedy bits made the move with him. Letterman renamed a few of his regular bits to avoid legal problems over trademark infringement, viewer Mail on NBC became the CBS Mailbag, and Larry Bud Melman began to use his real name, Calvert DeForest. Shaffers Worlds Most Dangerous Band became The CBS Orchestra, a jab at NBC regarding the new home. Lettermans signature bit, the Top Ten List, was renamed the Late Show Top Ten List. In ratings, Lettermans Late Show topped Lenos Tonight Show for its first two years, leno pulled ahead on July 10,1995, starting with a Hugh Grant interview, after Grants much-publicized arrest for picking up an LA prostitute. Leno also benefited from the lead-in provided by NBCs popular Must See TV prime time programs of the mid-to-late 1990s, announcer Bill Wendell left in 1995, with Alan Kalter taking his place for the remainder of Lettermans run as host. On April 3,2014, Letterman announced his retirement and his last telecast aired on May 20,2015. The network dismissed concerns that this may hurt the ratings of The Late Late Show with James Corden, CBS inaugurated the summer format with reruns of the final season of The Mentalist, a cancelled prime time police procedural, airing nightly from May 21 until June 5,2015. Stephen Colbert succeeded David Letterman as host on September 8,2015 having been signed to a five-year contract, in contrast with Colberts previous program, The Colbert Report, in which he plays a fictional character also named Stephen Colbert, Colbert hosts the show as himself. Several locations sought to acquire the Late Show, among them New York City, Los Angeles, New Orleans, and Connecticut. A deal to keep the show at the Ed Sullivan Theater, jon Batiste is the bandleader for Colberts tenure. Pre-production material program has added the definite article The, spoken in most references during Lettermans time as host but not displayed on-screen, the Late Shift Official website Late Show with David Letterman at the Internet Movie Database The Late Show with Stephen Colbert at the Internet Movie Database
3.
David Letterman
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David Michael Letterman is an American former television host, comedian, writer, and producer. In total, Letterman hosted 6,028 episodes of Late Night and Late Show, surpassing friend, in 1996 Letterman was ranked 45th on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time. Letterman is also a television and film producer and his company, Worldwide Pants, produced his show and formerly produced The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson. Worldwide Pants has also produced several prime-time comedies, the most successful of which was Everybody Loves Raymond, several late-night hosts have cited Lettermans influence, including Conan OBrien, Stephen Colbert, Jimmy Fallon, Jimmy Kimmel and Seth Meyers. Letterman was born in Indianapolis, Indiana and his father, Harry Joseph Letterman, was a florist. His mother, Dorothy Marie, a secretary, was an occasional figure on Lettermans show. He lived on the side of Indianapolis, not far from Speedway, Indiana, and the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. In 2000, he told an interviewer for Esquire that, while growing up, he admired his fathers ability to tell jokes, Harry Joseph Letterman survived a heart attack at age 36, when David was a young boy. The fear of losing his father was constantly with Letterman as he grew up, the elder Letterman died of a second heart attack at age 57. Letterman attended his hometowns Broad Ripple High School at the time as Marilyn Tucker. According to the Ball State Daily News, he originally had wanted to attend Indiana University and he is a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity, and he graduated in 1969 from what was then the Department of Radio and Television. A self-described average student, Letterman later endowed a scholarship for what he called C students at Ball State. Though he registered for the draft and passed his physical after graduating from college, Letterman began his broadcasting career as an announcer and newscaster at the colleges student-run radio station—WBST—a 10-watt campus station which now is part of Indiana Public Radio. He was fired for treating classical music with irreverence and he then became involved with the founding of another campus station—WAGO-AM570. And then all of a sudden I saw him doing it, and I thought, Thats really what I want to do. Letterman began his career as a talk show host on WNTS and on Indianapolis television station WLWI as an anchor. He received some attention for his unpredictable behavior, which included congratulating a tropical storm for being upgraded to a hurricane. In 1971 Letterman appeared as a pit reporter for ABC Sports tape-delayed coverage of the Indianapolis 500
4.
Paul Shaffer
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Shaffer was born and raised in Fort William, Ontario, Canada, the son of Shirley and Bernard Shaffer, a lawyer. Shaffer was raised in a Jewish family, as a child, Shaffer took piano lessons, and in his teenage years played the organ in a band called Fabulous Fugitives with his schoolmates in Thunder Bay. Later he performed with the Flash Landing Band at different venues around Edmonton and he went on to play piano for the Schwartz Broadway show The Magic Show in 1974, then became a member of the house band on NBCs popular Saturday Night Live television program from 1975 to 1980. Shaffer also regularly appeared in the sketches, notably as the pianist for Bill Murrays Nick the Lounge Singer character. He also appeared as a keyboardist on the 1978 album, Desire Wire, recorded by pop/rock star, musician, Shaffer was to appear in the duos 1980 film, but, as he revealed in October 2009 on CBS Sunday Morning, Belushi dropped him from the project. In a memo to fellow SNL colleagues, Belushi said that he was unhappy that Shaffer was spending so much time on a record for Radner. Belushi said that he had tried to talk Shaffer out of working on the album in the first place in order to avoid sharing Shaffers talents with another SNL-related project, Shaffer later reported that he was in love with Gilda Radner. He would go on to appear in 1998s Blues Brothers 2000, letterman consistently maintained that the shows switch to CBS was because NBC fired Paul for stealing pens or some other facetious reason. In 1984, Shaffer played keyboards for The Honeydrippers, a group formed in 1981 by former Led Zeppelin frontman Robert Plant, on their studio album, The Honeydrippers. The album included the hit single Sea of Love which reached #1 on Billboards adult contemporary chart in 1984, Shaffer also served as musical director for Fats Domino and Friends, a Cinemax special that included Ray Charles, Jerry Lee Lewis and Ron Wood. He released two albums, 1989s Grammy-nominated Coast to Coast, and 1993s The Worlds Most Dangerous Party. Shaffer has also recorded with a range of artists, including Donald Fagen, Ronnie Wood, Grand Funk Railroad, Diana Ross. In 1982, he co-wrote Its Raining Men, with Paul Jabara and it was #1 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play charts, a #2 hit in the UK for The Weather Girls in 1984 and a UK #1 remake for Geri Halliwell in 2001. Shaffer and The Worlds Most Dangerous Band performed the Chuck Berry song Roll over Beethoven for the 1992 film Beethoven, in 2017, Shaffer reunited with his band, resuming its previous name, and recorded the self-titled album Paul Shaffer & the Worlds Most Dangerous Band. Shaffer and the band are scheduled to go on tour beginning in April, in addition, Shaffer lent his voice to Disneys animated feature and television series Hercules, as the character Hermes. Though the series lasted a few episodes, a soundtrack album was released. Following the series cancellation, Shaffer returned to SNL, in the fall of 1979, Shaffer became the first person to say fuck on SNL. That year, SNL parodied The Troggs Tapes with a musical sketch featuring Shaffer, Bill Murray, Harry Shearer
5.
CBS Orchestra
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Paul Shaffer and the Worlds Most Dangerous Band is an American big band led by Paul Shaffer. It is best known for being David Lettermans house band for 33 years, the band formed in 1982 to serve as house band for NBCs Late Night with David Letterman. After a two-year hiatus, in 2017, the band was revived by Paul Shaffer using its original name, the original membership of The Worlds Most Dangerous Band was assembled in early 1982, and consisted of Paul Shaffer, Will Lee, Hiram Bullock and Steve Jordan. Lee, Bullock and Jordan were all members of The 24th Street Band. Shaffer was an attendee at their shows, and had worked with Lee as a session musician. When it came time to create a band for Late Night, Bullock dropped out of the band around the end of 1983. Shaffer had met guitarist Sid McGinnis in 1978, McGinnis became a permanent member of the group, replacing Bullock, in 1984. Jordan was the second to exit, in 1986, and was replaced by Anton Fig. Shaffer and drummer Fig first played together at a Joan Armatrading recording session in March 1980. From the mid-1980s through 1993, saxophone player David Sanborn was a frequent guest player, Sanborn was originally intended to be a permanent band member. When Letterman moved to CBS to host the Late Show in 1993, felicia Collins was added as a second guitarist and eventually a vocalist, she had first performed with Will Lee in 1985 when they backed the Thompson Twins at Live Aid in Philadelphia. Two years later, she and Shaffer first performed together, at a concert for homeless children. A horn section was added at this time, including trombonist Tom Malone. Trumpeter Al Chez was added in February 1997, Shaffer and trombonist Malone first worked together in 1975, as original members of the Saturday Night Live Band, they also helped organize the original Blues Brothers in 1978. Kapler and Chez occasionally sat in with the WMDB starting in 1988, saxophonist Aaron Heick can be heard alongside Will Lee on the 2008 Terry Silverlight album Diamond in the Riff. In addition, frequent substitute for Anton Fig, Shawn Pelton was the drummer on Heicks own 2009 debut album, Daylight, following Bruce Kaplers departure from the CBS Orchestra, Heick was the most frequent substitute during the roughly seven month transition period between saxophonists. Trumpeter Frank Green, like Tom Malone, is an alum of the famed One OClock Lab Band at the University of North Texas, phil Collins played drums with Steve Jordan in the band when he was a guest on the Letterman show on March 26,1985. When Shaffer was unavailable, Warren Zevon was usually the substitute bandleader prior to his death in 2003, David Sanborn on saxophone was an occasional guest member of the band during its NBC days. Michael Bearden infrequently substituted for Shaffer as a keyboardist, with drummer Anton Fig taking on the role of bandleader, however, this was before Bearden was named the bandleader on George Lopezs ill-fated TBS talk show, Lopez Tonight
6.
Bill Wendell
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William Joseph Wenzel, Jr. known as Bill Wendell, was an NBC television staff announcer for almost his entire professional career. Born in New York City, Wendell served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II and he began his radio career in summer of 1947 at WHAM in Rochester, New York. He moved to WWJ Detroit where he worked in radio and TV. Wendell returned to Manhattan in 1952 when he landed a job on the DuMont television network emceeing several shows before jumping to NBC in 1955. He was a regular on the 1955-1956 version of The Ernie Kovacs Show, serving as the shows announcer and he also worked with Steve Allen, Jack Paar, Dave Garroway and other NBC personalities. Wendell was also announcer for several years on the Macys Thanksgiving Day Parade and his most notable stint on television was as the regular announcer for NBCs Late Night with David Letterman, on which he appeared from 1982–1993, the entirety of the shows NBC run. He moved with Letterman to CBS in 1993, staying as announcer on the Late Show with David Letterman and he retired in mid-1995, with his last episode airing on August 18. Following a two-week hiatus, Alan Kalter succeeded him as announcer on September 4, before he announced for David Lettermans Late Night, Wendell was announcer on Tom Snyders Tomorrow Show when Snyder moved production from Burbank, California to New York. Lettermans show replaced Snyders and kept Wendell as announcer, Wendell also appeared as a TV announcer in the movie, Mr. Saturday Night, which starred Billy Crystal. Wendells last major job was as the original voiceover announcer in Old Navys fashion show commercial campaign and he died of complications from cancer in 1999 in Boca Raton, Florida. Obituary in The New York Times, April 15,1999, obituary in Variety, May 25,1999. Bill Wendell at the Internet Movie Database
7.
CBS Television Studios
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CBS Television Studios is an American television production company that was formed on January 17,2006 by CBS Corporation merging Paramount Television and CBS Productions. It is the production arm of the CBS network, and. Television, it is also the production arm of The CW Television Network. 1952, The Columbia Broadcasting System forms an in-house television production unit, CBS Productions, also formed is CBS Television Film Sales as the distributor of off-network and first-run syndicated programming to local television stations in the United States and abroad. 1963, CBS Studio Center is established in Studio City, California,1971, CBS Films is spun off as Viacom International, Inc. 1974, The company is re-established as CBS, Inc,1978, The production unit gains the secondary/alternate name CBS Entertainment Productions 1994, Westinghouse Electric acquires CBS. 1999, Viacom merges with its creator CBS,1939, Established experimental television stations in Los Angeles as Television Productions Inc. and Chicago with Balaban and Katz. 1943, Began commercial broadcasting over WBKB in Chicago,1947, Began commercial broadcasting over KTLA in Los Angeles. 1949, The first major studio to establish program syndication as Paramount Television Network,1964, Paramount branched out of broadcasting with the sale of KTLA to Golden West Broadcasters. 1950, Desilu Productions formed by Desi Arnaz and Lucille Ball,1957, Desilu Studios is established in Hollywood and Culver City, after Arnaz/Ball purchased the RKO studio lot. 1962, Desilu Sales Inc. is formed as the syndication arm. 1967, Desilu Productions is acquired by Gulf+Western Industries, the company becomes the TV division of Paramount Pictures Corporation in July, retaining the Desilu name until the end of that year. Desilu Sales, in turn, merges with Paramounts syndication division to become Paramount Television Sales,1967, Paramount Television Enterprises releases 60 titles from their post-1949 feature film library to television broadcasters under the Paramount Portfolio I umbrella package. 1968, Paramount Television, formerly Desilu, is established as the television production unit. 1977, Paramount Television Service is formed,1982, Paramount Television Group and Paramount Domestic Television and Video Programming are established. 1989, September, Gulf+Western is reincorporated as Paramount Communications, Inc,1994, March 11, Viacom acquired Paramount Communications, resulting in the formation of Paramount/Viacom as a byline for several of Viacoms subsidiaries. 1995, Viacom launched the United Paramount Network with Chris-Craft Industries,1971, Viacom Enterprises is established for domestic and overseas syndication of off-network and first-run television programs from various independent producers. 1974, Viacom Productions is formed as the television production unit
8.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
9.
1080i
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1080i is an abbreviation referring to a combination of frame resolution and scan type, used in high-definition television and high-definition video. The number 1080 refers to the number of lines on the screen. The term assumes a widescreen ratio of 16,9, so the 1080 lines of vertical resolution implies 1920 columns of horizontal resolution. A1920 pixels ×1080 lines screen has a total of 2.1 megapixels and this format is used in the SMPTE 292M standard. The choice of 1080 lines originates with Charles Poynton, who in the early 1990s pushed for square pixels to be used in HD video formats, within the designation 1080i, the i stands for interlaced scan. A frame of 1080i video consists of two fields of 1920 horizontal and 540 vertical pixels. The first field consists of all odd-numbered TV lines and the second all even numbered lines, 1080i differs from 1080p, where the p stands for progressive scan, where all lines in a frame are captured at the same time. In native or pure 1080i, the two fields of a frame correspond to different instants, so motion portrayal is good and this is true for interlaced video in general and can be easily observed in still images taken of fast motion scenes. However, when 1080p material is captured at 25 or 30 frames/second, it is converted to 1080i at 50 or 60 fields/second, respectively, in this situation both fields in a frame do correspond to the same instant. The field-to-instant relation is more complex for the case of 1080p at 24 frames/second converted to 1080i at 60 fields/second. Both field rates can be carried by digital television broadcast formats such as ATSC, DVB. The frame rate can be implied by the context, while the rate is generally specified after the letter i. In this case 1080i60 refers to 60 fields per second, the European Broadcasting Union prefers to use the resolution and frame rate separated by a slash, as in 1080i/30 and 1080i/25, likewise 480i/30 and 576i/25. Resolutions of 1080i60 or 1080i50 often refers to 1080i/30 or 1080i/25 in EBU notation, 1080i is directly compatible with some CRT HDTVs on which it can be displayed natively in interlaced form, but for display on progressive-scan—e. g. Most new LCD and plasma TVs, it must be deinterlaced, depending on the televisions video processing capabilities, the resulting video quality may vary, but may not necessarily suffer. For example, film material at 25fps may be deinterlaced from 1080i50 to restore a full 1080p resolution at the frame rate without any loss. Preferably video material with 50 or 60 motion phases/second is to be converted to 50p or 60p before display, worldwide, most HD channels on satellite and cable broadcast in 1080i. This also allows local newscasts on these ABC affiliates to be produced in the resolution to match the picture quality of their 1080i competitors
10.
The Pat Sajak Show
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The Pat Sajak Show is an American late-night television talk show which aired on CBS from January 9,1989 to April 13,1990. The show was hosted by Pat Sajak, best known as host of the game show Wheel of Fortune, in order to do the talk show, Sajak left the NBC daytime version of Wheel, but remained the host of the syndicated nighttime version. In mid-1989, the daytime Wheel was cancelled by NBC and picked up by CBS with a set and theme, as well as a new host. Sajaks announcer and sidekick on the show was Dan Miller, his friend and former colleague from their working together in the mid-1970s at WSM-TV in Nashville. The in-studio band was led by jazz musician Tom Scott, who served the same role on the short lived Chevy Chase Show. Brockman had known Sajak since the two worked for NBC in the late 1970s, at that time, Brockman had approached Sajak, a weatherman, about doing a game show, but Sajak rejected the idea, saying what he really wanted to do was get a talk show. Brockman kept him in mind over the years, and at a lunch in 1986 he reminded Sajak about the conversation. Sajak confirmed his interest in a show, and Brockman went to work getting approvals from his management for the plan. CBS spent more than $4 million for a new stage for the show at its Television City studios located above the four studios on the first floor. A staff of more than 30 was hired, and Sajak signed a guaranteed contract for what was reportedly $60,000 a week. There was an interview, and then the show ended with a performance by stand-up comic Dennis Wolfberg, the shows set was similar to that of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Its format emulated Carsons model, featuring a monologue, comedy bits, interviews with celebrities, the Pat Sajak Show began as a 90-minute talk show, but was reduced to 60 minutes in October 1989. CBS executives said the show was shortened because the late-night talk show format was suited for a 60-minute time slot. Directly after announcing that the bill was vetoed, Limbaugh went to the first woman who stood up and was cheering the loudest, the woman denounced Limbaughs anti-abortion statements earlier in the show, stating womens lives are more important than any potato and You dont know what its about. Youll never have a baby, youll never be pregnant, due to heckling, Limbaugh decided to conduct his interview with Sydney Biddle Barrows in another studio. Limbaugh sat silently with the focused on him for nearly a minute while audience members continued shouting phrases such as You want people to die. Limbaugh responded with, I am not responsible for your behavior, after another break, Limbaugh returned and conducted the final segment after the audience had been cleared. He stated that the audience was not evicted from the studio or forcibly restrained from doing anything they did, Limbaugh later claimed that the dissident audience members were planted by the shows producers as a publicity stunt
11.
CBS Late Night
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The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series during the 1970s and 1980s. The program ran in most American television markets from 11,30 p. m. until 2,30 a. m. or later, on weeknights. A single announcer voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program, the program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show, CBSs late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972. The show went on to have a run in first-run syndication following CBSs cancellation. The CBS Late Movie theme music was So Old, So Young by Morton Stevens, which also served as the theme music for CBSs prime-time movies until 1978. Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time, with commercial breaks lasting longer, it was not uncommon for the portion of the show to start at 12, 05AM or 12. It was not until 1993, when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted, until 1969, CBS programming had never ventured into the late hours. However, three earlier, many of its affiliates, which were running old movies after nightly local newscasts. Thus, CBS tentatively targeted the spring of 1968 as the date for a new network late-night series. Otherwise, the financing required for such a production would prove cost-prohibitive, yet in 1969, this is just what was offered to them—in the person of Merv Griffin. But despite his success as a syndicated TV phenomenon, Griffins CBS ratings could never compete with Johnny Carsons consistently high audience numbers. And thus, in pulling the plug on Griffin in early 1972 and this move proved an effective ploy because two months after The CBS Late Movie premiered, the Nielsen ratings recorded that it had drawn better audience numbers than The Tonight Show. One CBS executive had an explanation for this sudden good fortune. First airing on February 14,1972, The CBS Late Movie initially ran titles from a new package of MGM films that had not been previously televised. CBSs new anthology also offered packages of 1950s Warner Brothers and MGM films that, up until then, had run only on local and independent stations. These included the Burt Lancaster medieval action-picture The Flame and the Arrow, the Randolph Scott western Fort Worth, as mentioned above, the first few weeks of The CBS Late Movie proved a winner with late-night television audiences. Here is the lineup of films that initially drew viewers away from Johnny Carson. Yellow indicates the premiere of a film that was previously shown for years on local
12.
The Late Show with Stephen Colbert
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The Late Show with Stephen Colbert is an American late-night talk show hosted by Stephen Colbert, which premiered on September 8,2015. Produced by Spartina Productions and CBS Television Studios, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert is the iteration of CBSs Late Show franchise. Stay Human, led by bandleader Jon Batiste, serves as the house band. Prior to Colberts assumption of hosting duties, David Letterman had been host of Late Show for 22 years, CBS had not had a regular late-night talk show for most of its existence prior to that point, with only one attempt between 1972 and Lettermans arrival. According to TV by the Numbers, in February 2013, the ratings for Lettermans Late Show averaged about 3.1 million per show for the 2012–13 season to date. A year later, average viewership was down to 2.8 million, in addition, Colberts previous program did well among college students and young men 18-34, which are prime target audiences for late-night comedy programming. On April 3,2014, Letterman announced his retirement, with his episode as host of Late Show scheduled for May 20,2015. On April 10,2014, CBS announced Stephen Colbert as Lettermans successor, in contrast with Colberts previous program The Colbert Report, in which he played a fictionalized version of himself, Colbert hosts the show as himself. This came after the announcement the character would not be used after the end of The Colbert Report, the final episode of the Report aired on December 18,2014. On July 23,2014, CBS announced that Late Show would continue to be produced at the Ed Sullivan Theater in New York when Colbert takes over. Jonathan Batiste was announced as the bandleader on June 4,2015, throughout the remainder of the summer, videos would continue to be released through the shows official YouTube channel and mobile app. On July 1,2015, Colbert hosted an edition of a public access program in Monroe, Michigan. Colbert has been given control of the show, with little interference from CBS management in regard to format. Colbert no longer uses the character he had portrayed on The Colbert Report, the 1993 restoration project for Letterman was only done on a few months notice after the theater was repurchased in February 1993 by CBS. The Hollywood Reporter believed that Lichts experience in news programming would be leveraged to complement Colberts strengths in topical, during the opening sequence in a voice-over, Jen Spyra, announces the nights guests. Along with scenes of New York City at night including Yankee Stadium, Times Square and this structure is similar to the openings of other late-night shows such as The Tonight Show or Late Night. Similar to The Colbert Report, graphics that resemble the American Flag have also been added, the open is followed by an extended fake news style desk sequence with a run-through of recent headlines, in a manner reminiscent of television newscasts and that of The Colbert Report. Also, the show follows the basic format as other late-night talk shows including the use of sketch comedy, guest interviews
13.
The David Letterman Show
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The David Letterman Show is a live morning NBC short-lived talk show, hosted by David Letterman. It ran from June 23 to October 24,1980, originally, the series lasted 90 minutes, then 60 minutes from August 4 onward. The show had replaced High Rollers, Chain Reaction, and the version of Hollywood Squares on NBCs schedule. The original producer was Bob Stewart, a veteran quiz-show creator who had enlisted Letterman as a panelist on Pyramid from 1978 onward, however, due to creative differences, Stewart left the show four days before its premiere. He was succeeded by H. Barry Sand, who remained at the helm for the rest of its run, michael McDonald of the Doobie Brothers wrote the opening theme of the show. Behind the scenes were Hal Gurnee directing and Barry Sand producing, the writing staff consisted of Merrill Markoe, Valri Bromfield, Rich Hall, Gary Jacobs, Harold Kimmel, Edie McClurg, Gerard Mulligan, Paul Raley, Ron Richards, and Letterman. Familiar bits that became staples of Lettermans comedy on his shows were originally introduced on this show. They include, Small Town News, Stupid Pet Tricks, and an ever-changing non-sequitur opening introduction immediately before Letterman is seen on camera. NBC wanted to claim much of the work he did on Late Night was the property of NBC. The production staff consisted of George Callahan, Kim Carney, Lee B, chernick, Barbara Gaines, Edd Hall, Tim Holton, Brian J. McAloon, Meg Mortimer, Dency Nelson, and David Reale. The news producer was Alan Mohan, and the writer was Nick Allen. Bill Kelley was the technical director, the musical director was Frank Owens who led the David Letterman Symphony Orchestra and traded jokes with Letterman. The program was produced by Space Age Meats, a precursor to Lettermans later production company, Valri Bromfield, Edie McClurg, Rich Hall, Gerard Mulligan, Merrill Markoe and Paul Raley all appeared on the show and served as writers. Edd Hall and Late Show producer Barbara Gaines were both production assistants, while stage manager Biff Henderson and director Hal Gurnee would follow Dave to his two shows. Announcer/comedian Bob Sarlatte was replaced partway through the run by Bill Wendell, the shows musical guests included Tony-winner Nell Carter, Irene Cara, Tom Rush and Harve Mann. Some episodes are available for viewing at the Paley Center for Media in New York. The David Letterman Show at the Internet Movie Database The David Letterman Show at epguides. com Opening minutes of the September 30,1980 show
14.
Late Night with David Letterman
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Late Night with David Letterman is a nightly hour-long comedy talk show on NBC that was created and hosted by David Letterman. It premiered on February 1,1982, as the first incarnation of the Late Night franchise and ran until 1993, the series was then reformatted as Late Night with Conan OBrien, with Jimmy Fallon later taking over from OBrien as host. Late Night continues to air as of 2017 with Seth Meyers as host, in 2013, this series and Late Show with David Letterman were ranked #41 on TV Guides 60 Best Series of All Time. In 1981, NBC and Carson, after significant acrimony, reached an agreement on a new contract, Time slot Monday through Thursday, with occasional specials every few Fridays, all aimed at young men. The network wanted to capitalize on catering to young males, feeling there was very little late-night programming for that demographic. The newly announced show thus displaced the Tomorrow Coast to Coast program hosted by Tom Snyder from the 12,30 slot. NBC initially offered Snyder to move his show back an hour, the final first-run Tomorrow episode aired on December 17,1981. The staff responsible for preparing Late Night consisted of Lettermans girlfriend Merrill Markoe in the head writing role, Markoe and Letterman broke up in 1988 and Markoe left for California, resulting in Steve ODonnell taking over the position. Other key personnel included seasoned TV veteran Hal Gurnee directing the program, Jack Rollins as executive producer. The plan from the start was to resurrect the spirit of Lettermans morning show for a late-night audience, after a brief monologue, the very first comedy segment was a sarcastic tour of the studio. The first guest, Bill Murray, came out in fashion, throwing jibes. The second guest was Don Herbert, TVs Mr. Wizard, and the show ended with a young comic named Steve Fessler reciting aloud the script of the obscure Bela Lugosi film Bowery at Midnight. The reviews were mixed – Los Angeles Times wrote, Much of Lettermans first week did not jell – but more importantly, eccentric and awkward, the show immediately established a sensibility that was clearly different from The Tonight Show. Carson, for his part, wanted Late Night to have as little overlap with his show as possible, in fact, most ground rules and restrictions on what Letterman could do came not from the network but from the production company itself. Letterman could not have a sidekick like Ed McMahon, and Paul Shaffers band could not include a horn section like Doc Severinsens. Letterman was told he could not book old-school showbiz guests such as James Stewart, George Burns, or Buddy Hackett, Letterman was also specifically instructed not to replicate any of the signature pieces of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson like Stump the Band or Carnac the Magnificent. Carson also wanted Letterman to minimize the number of jokes in his opening monologue. So, in 1993, Letterman and his moved to CBS and Late Show with David Letterman was born
15.
Late-night talk show
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A late-night talk show is a genre of talk show popular in the United States, where the format originated. It is generally structured around humorous monologues about the news, guest interviews, comedy sketches. The late-night talk show format was popularized, though not invented, typically the shows host conducts interviews from behind a desk, while the guest is seated on a couch. Many late night talk shows feature a band which generally performs cover songs for the studio audience during commercial breaks. Late-night talk shows are a popular format in the United States, Shows that loosely resemble the format air in other countries, but generally air weekly as opposed to the nightly airings of those in the United States. They also generally air in time slots considered to be prime time in the United States and these shows aired once a week in evening time slots that would come to be known as prime time. The first version of The Tonight Show, Tonight Starring Steve Allen, the show created many modern talk show staples included an opening monologue, celebrity interviews, audience participation, comedy bits, and musical performances. As a result, unlike Broadway Open House, Tonight proved to be a resounding success, the success of the show led Allen to get another show, entitled The Steve Allen Show, which would compete with The Ed Sullivan Show on Sunday nights. Meanwhile, hosting duties of The Tonight Show were split between Allen and Ernie Kovacs, Kovacs had defected to NBC from his own show on the then-crumbling DuMont Television Network. Both Allen and Kovacs departed from Tonight in 1957 in order to focus on Allens Sunday night show, after the two left, the format changed similar to that of Today and was renamed Tonight. America After Dark and was hosted first by Jack Lescoulie and then by Al Collins while interviews were performed by Hy Gardner, the show was not popular leading to many NBC affiliates dropping the show. The show returned to the format that year and was renamed Tonight Starring Jack Paar. The even greater success of the show during Paars hosting resulted in many NBC affiliates re-airing the show. Paar permanently left the show in 1962, citing the reason that he could not handle the load of The Tonight Show, and he moved to his own weekly prime-time show. After Paars departure, hosting duties were filled by Groucho Marx, Mort Sahl, longtime guest host Johnny Carson took over as host of The Tonight Show in 1962 and the show was renamed The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Carson streamlined the format of the show, focusing more on entertainment personalities, tweaking the monologue to include more shorter jokes, Ed McMahon served as Carsons announcer while from 1962 to 1966 the band was led by Skitch Henderson, who hired, among others, Doc Severinsen. When Henderson left, Milton DeLugg took over, Severinsen took over in 1967, and served as bandleader with the NBC Orchestra. The show originated from NBC Studios in New York City but, as part of Carsons shifting the show toward a more entertainment-oriented program, moved to Burbank, California in 1972
16.
Eastern Time Zone
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Places that use Eastern Standard Time when observing standard time are 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time. Eastern Daylight Time, when observing daylight saving time DST is 4 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time, in the northern parts of the time zone, on the second Sunday in March, at 2,00 a. m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3,00 a. m. EDT leaving a one-hour gap, on the first Sunday in November, at 2,00 a. m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1,00 a. m, southern parts of the zone do not observe daylight saving time. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 ruled that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October in the United States, the act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time as of 1987. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States beginning in 2007. So local times change at 2,00 a. m. EST to 3,00 a. m. EDT on the second Sunday in March, in Canada, the time changes as it does in the United States. However, a handful of communities unofficially observe Eastern Time because they are part of the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area – Phenix City, Smiths Station, Lanett, and Valley. Florida, All of Florida is in the Eastern Time zone except for the portion of the Florida Panhandle west of the Apalachicola River, as the Eastern–Central zone boundary approaches the Gulf of Mexico, it follows the Bay/Gulf county line. Indiana, All of Indiana observes Eastern Time except for six counties in the Chicago metropolitan area. Kentucky, Roughly, the half of the state, including all of metropolitan Louisville, is in the Eastern Time Zone. Historically the entire state observed Central Time, when daylight saving time was first introduced, the Lower Peninsula remained on DST after it formally ended, effectively re-aligning itself into the Eastern Time Zone. The Upper Peninsula continued to observe Central Time until 1972, when all, Tennessee, Most of the eastern third of Tennessee is legally on Eastern Time. Eastern Time is also used somewhat as a de facto official time for all of the United States, since it includes the capital and the largest city. Major professional sports leagues also post all game times in Eastern time, for example, a game time between two teams from Pacific Time Zone will still be posted in Eastern time. Most cable television and national broadcast networks advertise airing times in Eastern time, national broadcast networks generally have two primary feeds, an eastern feed for Eastern and Central time zones, and a tape-delayed western feed for the Pacific Time Zone. The prime time is set on Eastern and Pacific at 8,00 p. m. with the Central time zone stations receiving the eastern feed at 7,00 p. m. local time. Mountain Time Zone stations receive a separate feed at 7,00 p. m. local time, as Arizona does not observe daylight saving time, during the summer months, it has its own feed at 7,00 p. m. local time
17.
Pacific Time Zone
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The Pacific Time Zone observes standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time. During daylight saving time, its time offset is UTC−7 and is based on the mean solar time of the 105th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory. In the United States and Canada, this zone is generically called the Pacific Time Zone. Specifically, it uses Pacific Standard Time when observing standard time, most of Canada uses daylight saving time. In Mexico, the UTC−8 time zone is known as the Northwest Zone, the largest city in the Pacific Time Zone is Los Angeles, the citys metropolitan area is the largest in the zone. The following states or areas are part of the Pacific Time Zone, California Washington Oregon – all, except for most of Malheur County, nevada Idaho Panhandle – the northern half of Idaho, north of the Salmon River. The town of Hyder, Alaska, is officially in the Alaska Time Zone, however, most of the town observes the Pacific Time because of strong connections with nearby Stewart, British Columbia, which is in the Pacific Time Zone. The United States Post Office in Hyder strictly adheres to Alaska Time, in Canada, the Pacific Time Zone includes most of British Columbia, all of Yukon, and the townsite of Tungsten. In Mexico, the state of Baja California lies completely within the Pacific Time Zone and this does not include the state of Baja California Sur, which is south of Baja California. Through 2006, the time changed to daylight time at 02,00 LST to 03,00 LDT on the first Sunday in April. The Canadian provinces and territories that use daylight time each adopted these dates between October 2005 and February 2007, in Mexico, beginning in 2010, the portion of the country in this time zone uses the extended dates, as do some other parts. The vast majority of Mexico, however, still uses the old dates
18.
Johnny Carson
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John William Johnny Carson was an American talk show host and comedian, best known for his 30 years as host of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Carson received six Emmy Awards, the Television Academys 1980 Governors Award, and he was inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 1987. Carson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1992 and received a Kennedy Center Honor in 1993, although his show was already successful by the end of the 1960s, during the 1970s Carson became an American icon and remained so even after his retirement in 1992. He adopted a casual, conversational approach with extensive interaction with guests, former late-night host and friend David Letterman cited Carsons influence. John William Carson was born on October 23,1925, in Corning, Iowa, to Homer Lloyd Kit Carson, a company manager, and Ruth Elizabeth Carson. He grew up in the towns of Avoca, Clarinda. There, Carson grew up and began developing his talent for entertaining, at the age of 12, Carson found a book on magic at a friends house and immediately purchased a mail-order magicians kit. After the purchase of the kit, Carson practiced his entertainment skills on family members with card tricks and he was known for following his family members around saying, Pick a card, any card. Carsons mother sewed him a cape, and his first performance was staged in front of the local Kiwanis Club and he debuted as The Great Carsoni at age 14 and was paid $3 a show. Soon, many performances at local picnics and country fairs followed. After graduating from school, Carson had his first encounter with Hollywood. He hitchhiked to Hollywood, where he was arrested and fined $50 for impersonating a midshipman, Johnny embarked on an adventure, one so laden with implications about his future, that some have wondered if the escapade might not actually be a legend. Carson joined the United States Navy on June 8,1943, commissioned an ensign late in the war, Carson was assigned to the USS Pennsylvania in the Pacific. While in the Navy, Carson posted a 10–0 amateur boxing record and he was en route to the combat zone aboard a troop ship when the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ended the war. Carson served as a officer in charge of decoding encrypted messages. He said that the point of his military career was performing a magic trick for United States Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal. In a conversation with Forrestal, the Secretary asked Carson if he planned to stay in the navy after the war, in response, Carson said no and told him he wanted to be a magician. Forrestal asked him to perform, and Carson responded with a card trick, Carson made the discovery that he could entertain and amuse someone as cranky and sophisticated as Forrestal
19.
TV Guide
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In 1948, he printed New York City area listings magazine The TeleVision Guide. Silent film star Gloria Swanson, who then starred of the variety series The Gloria Swanson Hour. Wagner later began publishing regional editions of The TeleVision Guide for New England, five years later, he sold the editions to Walter Annenberg, who folded it into his publishing and broadcasting company Triangle Publications, but remained as a consultant for the magazine until 1963. The national TV Guides first issue was released on April 3,1953. The inaugural cover featured a photograph of Lucille Balls newborn son Desi Arnaz, Jr. with a photo of Ball placed in the top corner under the issues headline. The magazine was published in digest size, which remained its printed format for 52 years. The launch as a magazine with local listings in April 1953 became an almost instant success, with TV Guide becoming the most read. The initial cost of issue was 15¢ per copy. In addition to subscriptions, TV Guide was sold at the counters of grocery stores nationwide. Until the 1980s, the pieces included in each issue were promoted in a television commercial. Over the decades, the shape of the TV Guide logo has changed to reflect the modernization of the television screen, at first, the logo had various colored backgrounds until the familiar red background became the standard in the 1960s with occasional changes used for special editions. The magazine was first based in an office in downtown Philadelphia, before moving to more spacious national headquarters in Radnor. The color section was sent to regional printers to be wrapped around the local listing sections. It was under Triangles ownership of WFIL-TV that Dick Clark and American Bandstand came to popularity, most listing entries in the log included program genres after the programs title, while its running time was listed in the synopses. Originally, the majority of programs listed in the log each issue featured brief synopses, except for local and national newscasts, in addition, black-and-white ads for programs scheduled to air on broadcast stations – and later, cable channels – during prime time were included within the listings. A regular feature of the section was Close-Up, which provided expanded reviews of select programs airing each day. The advent of television would become hard on TV Guide. Channels that were listed also differed, depending on the edition, as the years went on, more cable channels were added into the listings of each edition
20.
Stephen Colbert
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Stephen Tyrone Colbert is an American comedian, television host, and author. Colbert has hosted The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, a television talk show on CBS. Colbert originally studied to be an actor, but became interested in improvisational theatre while attending Northwestern University. He wrote and performed on the short-lived Dana Carvey Show before collaborating with Sedaris and he gained considerable attention for his role on the latter as closeted gay history teacher Chuck Noblet. His work as a correspondent on Comedy Centrals news-parody series The Daily Show gained him wide recognition, in 2005, he left The Daily Show to host a spin-off series, The Colbert Report. The series became one of Comedy Centrals highest-rated series, earning Colbert an invitation to perform as featured entertainer at the White House Correspondents Association Dinner in 2006, Colbert has won nine Primetime Emmy Awards, two Grammy Awards, and two Peabody Awards. Colbert was named one of Times 100 Most Influential People in 2006 and 2012 and his book, I Am America, was #1 on The New York Times Best Seller list in 2007. Colbert was born in Washington, D. C. the youngest of 11 children in a Catholic family and he grew up on James Island, South Carolina. Colbert and his siblings, in descending order by age, are James, Edward, Mary, William, Margo, Thomas, Jay, Elizabeth, Paul, Peter, stephens mother, Lorna Elizabeth Colbert, was a homemaker. In interviews, Colbert has described his parents as people who also strongly valued intellectualism and taught their children that it was possible to question the church. The emphasis his family placed on intelligence and his observation of negative stereotypes of Southerners led Colbert to train himself to suppress his Southern accent while he was quite young. While Colbert sometimes comedically claims his surname is French, he is of 15/16ths Irish ancestry, many of his ancestors emigrated from Ireland to North America in the 19th century before and during the Great Famine. He offered his children the option to pronounce the name whichever way they preferred, Stephen started using /koʊlˈbɛər/ later in life when he transferred to Northwestern University, taking advantage of the opportunity to reinvent himself in a new place where no one knew him. Ed responded /ˈkoʊlbərt/, to which Stephen jokingly replied, See you in Hell and they were en route to enroll the two boys at Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut. Lorna Colbert relocated the family downtown to the urban environment of East Bay Street in Charleston. Colbert found the transition difficult and did not easily make new friends in his new neighborhood, Colbert later described himself during this time as detached, lacking a sense of importance regarding the things with which other children concerned themselves. He developed a love of science fiction and fantasy novels, especially the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, Colbert attended Charlestons Episcopal Porter-Gaud School, where he participated in several school plays and contributed to the school newspaper but was not highly motivated academically. During his adolescence, he briefly fronted A Shot in the Dark, when he was younger, he had hoped to study marine biology, but surgery intended to repair a severely perforated eardrum caused him inner ear damage
21.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
22.
The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
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The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson is a talk show hosted by Johnny Carson under The Tonight Show franchise from October 1,1962 through May 22,1992. In 2002, The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson was ranked No.12 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, particularly during the early years of Carsons tenure, his guests included politicians such as former U. S. Vice President Richard M. Nixon, former U. S. Attorney General Robert F. Psychologist Joyce Brothers was also one of Carsons most frequent guests. Carson strongly disliked prop comedy and generally refused to have such comics on his show, gallagher first appeared on The Tonight Show Dec.5,1975, when he demonstrated his prop, The Tonight Show Home Game, and Carson noted that it was his first appearance. Gallagher again appeared on May 9,1979, a show hosted by Carson, mort Sahl recalled, The producer crouches just off camera and holds up a card that says, Go to commercial. So Carson goes to a commercial and the team rushes up to his desk to discuss what had gone wrong. Actor Robert Blake once compared being interviewed by Carson to facing the death squad or Broadway on opening night, the publicity value of appearing on Tonight was so great, however, that most guests were willing to subject themselves to the risk. The shows announcer and Carsons sidekick was Ed McMahon, who from the very first show would introduce Carson with a drawn-out Heeeeeeeeeres Johnny. The catchphrase was heard nightly for 30 years, and ranked top of the TV Land poll of U. S. McMahon, who held the same role in Carsons ABC game show Who Do You Trust. For five years previously, would remain standing to the side as Carson did his monologue, laughing at his jokes, the two would usually interact in a comic spot for a short while before the first guest was introduced. McMahon stated in a 1978 profile of Carson in The New Yorker that the ‘Tonight Show’ is my staple diet, my meat and potatoes—I’m realistic enough to know that everything else stems from that. After a 1965 incident in which he ruined Carsons joke on the air McMahon was careful to, as he said and he wrote in his 1998 autobiography, My role on the show never was strictly defined. I did what had to be done when it had to be done, I was there when he needed me, and when he didnt I moved down the couch and kept quiet. I did the audience warm-up, I did commercials, for a brief period I co-hosted the first fifteen minutes of the show, and I performed in many sketches. On our thirteenth-anniversary show Johnny and I were talking at his desk and he said and he paused long enough for me to recognize my cue, so I asked, How long is it. Thats why youre here, he said, probably summing up my primary role on the show perfectly. I had to him, I had to help him get to the punch line. Many nights Id be listening to Johnny and in my mind Id reach the same ad lib just as he said it, Id have to bite my tongue not to say it out loud
23.
The CBS Late Movie
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The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series during the 1970s and 1980s. The program ran in most American television markets from 11,30 p. m. until 2,30 a. m. or later, on weeknights. A single announcer voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program, the program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show, CBSs late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972. The show went on to have a run in first-run syndication following CBSs cancellation. The CBS Late Movie theme music was So Old, So Young by Morton Stevens, which also served as the theme music for CBSs prime-time movies until 1978. Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time, with commercial breaks lasting longer, it was not uncommon for the portion of the show to start at 12, 05AM or 12. It was not until 1993, when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted, until 1969, CBS programming had never ventured into the late hours. However, three earlier, many of its affiliates, which were running old movies after nightly local newscasts. Thus, CBS tentatively targeted the spring of 1968 as the date for a new network late-night series. Otherwise, the financing required for such a production would prove cost-prohibitive, yet in 1969, this is just what was offered to them—in the person of Merv Griffin. But despite his success as a syndicated TV phenomenon, Griffins CBS ratings could never compete with Johnny Carsons consistently high audience numbers. And thus, in pulling the plug on Griffin in early 1972 and this move proved an effective ploy because two months after The CBS Late Movie premiered, the Nielsen ratings recorded that it had drawn better audience numbers than The Tonight Show. One CBS executive had an explanation for this sudden good fortune. First airing on February 14,1972, The CBS Late Movie initially ran titles from a new package of MGM films that had not been previously televised. CBSs new anthology also offered packages of 1950s Warner Brothers and MGM films that, up until then, had run only on local and independent stations. These included the Burt Lancaster medieval action-picture The Flame and the Arrow, the Randolph Scott western Fort Worth, as mentioned above, the first few weeks of The CBS Late Movie proved a winner with late-night television audiences. Here is the lineup of films that initially drew viewers away from Johnny Carson. Yellow indicates the premiere of a film that was previously shown for years on local
24.
The Tonight Show
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The Tonight Show is an American late-night talk show currently broadcast from the Rockefeller Center in New York City and airing on NBC since 1954. It is the worlds longest-running talk show, and the longest running and it is the third-longest-running show on NBC, after the news-and-talk shows Today and Meet the Press. Over the course of more than 60 years, The Tonight Show has undergone only minor title changes and it aired under the name Tonight for several of its early years, eventually settling on The Tonight Show after the seating of long-time host Johnny Carson in 1962. In 1957, the show briefly tried a more news-style format and it has otherwise remained a talk show throughout its run. The Tonight Show began broadcasting in 1954 and it has had six official hosts, beginning with Steve Allen, followed by Jack Paar, Johnny Carson, Jay Leno, Conan OBrien, and Jimmy Fallon. It has had recurring guest hosts, a practice especially common during the Paar. Carson is the longest-serving host to date, the Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson aired for 30 seasons between October 1962 and May 1992. Leno, however, has the record of having hosted the greatest number of total televised episodes, during Johnny Carsons first eighteen years, the show ran for ninety minutes. During Johnnys 1980 contract negotiations, the show was shortened to sixty minutes, besides the guest hosts Johnny used, NBC ran The Best of Carson which was reruns of popular older shows Johnny had done. Prior to the starting of Saturday Night Live in 1975, NBC showed The Best of Carson on Saturday nights at 11,30 pm, outside of its brief run as a news show in 1957, OBrien is the shortest-serving host. OBrien hosted 146 episodes over the course of less than eight months, current host Fallon took the helm on February 17,2014. Fallon had previously hosted Late Night, and before Late Night he was a member of the cast of Saturday Night Live. From 1950 to 1951 NBC aired Broadway Open House, a variety show hosted primarily by comic Jerry Lester. Broadway… demonstrated the potential for late-night network programming. The format of The Tonight Show can be traced to a nightly 40-minute local program in New York, hosted by Allen and it was quickly retitled The Steve Allen Show. This premiered in 1953 on WNBT-TV, the local affiliate in New York City. Beginning in September 1954, it was renamed Tonight. and began its run on the full NBC network. Notes for hosting history The first Tonight announcer was Gene Rayburn, when the show became a success, Allen got a primetime Sunday comedy/variety show in June 1956, leading him to share Tonight hosting duties with Ernie Kovacs during the 1956–57 season
25.
Intellectual property
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Intellectual property refers to creations of the intellect for which a monopoly is assigned to designated owners by law. Intellectual property rights are the protections granted to the creators of IP, and include trademarks, copyright, patents, industrial design rights, and in some jurisdictions trade secrets. Artistic works including music and literature, as well as discoveries, inventions, words, phrases, symbols, the Statute of Monopolies and the British Statute of Anne are seen as the origins of patent law and copyright respectively, firmly establishing the concept of intellectual property. The first known use of the intellectual property dates to 1769. The first clear example of modern usage goes back as early as 1808, the German equivalent was used with the founding of the North German Confederation whose constitution granted legislative power over the protection of intellectual property to the confederation. According to Lemley, it was only at point that the term really began to be used in the United States. The history of patents does not begin with inventions, but rather with royal grants by Queen Elizabeth I for monopoly privileges, the evolution of patents from royal prerogative to common-law doctrine. The term can be used in an October 1845 Massachusetts Circuit Court ruling in the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown. The statement that discoveries are. property goes back earlier, in Europe, French author A. Nion mentioned propriété intellectuelle in his Droits civils des auteurs, artistes et inventeurs, published in 1846. Until recently, the purpose of property law was to give as little protection as possible in order to encourage innovation. Historically, therefore, they were granted only when they were necessary to encourage invention, limited in time, the concepts origins can potentially be traced back further. In 500 BCE, the government of the Greek state of Sybaris offered one years patent to all who should discover any new refinement in luxury. Intellectual property rights include patents, copyright, industrial design rights, trademarks, plant variety rights, trade dress, geographical indications, a copyright gives the creator of an original work exclusive rights to it, usually for a limited time. Copyright may apply to a range of creative, intellectual, or artistic forms. Copyright does not cover ideas and information themselves, only the form or manner in which they are expressed, an industrial design right protects the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern, an industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or handicraft. Plant breeders rights or plant variety rights are the rights to use a new variety of a plant. The variety must amongst others be novel and distinct and for registration the evaluation of propagating material of the variety is examined, a trademark is a recognizable sign, design or expression which distinguishes products or services of a particular trader from the similar products or services of other traders
26.
Late Show Top Ten List
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The Top Ten List was a regular segment of the television programs Late Night with David Letterman and the Late Show with David Letterman. Each night, host David Letterman would present a list of ten items, compiled by his writing staff, that circulated around a common theme. The lists were given humorous topics such as, Top Ten Signs Your Kid Had A Bad First Day At School or. Letterman would also give an intentionally absurd and mundane category, such as Top Ten Numbers Between One and Ten. Lettermans top ten skit was thought of when Steve ODonnell was head writer of the Late Night With David Letterman show, why, we can put such nonsense together ourselves. On September 18,1985, the very first list, The Top Ten Things That Almost Rhyme With Peas was broadcast. A loose compromise was reached where it would be renamed the Late Show Top Ten, although Letterman would soon simply refer to it again as the Top Ten List. The entries are read by Letterman in reverse order, and are accompanied by a drum roll performed by CBS Orchestra drummer Anton Fig. There are six montages, the pyramids, the athletes, the cabs, the water towers, the sewer covers, and, in time for the 2012 presidential campaign. The conclusion of the list is followed by a brief performance by the band. Occasionally, the list is given by a guest presenter, four animated characters have recited a Top Ten list on the show, Homer Simpson, Peter Griffin, Stewie Griffin and Optimus Prime. Perhaps to break the monotony of daily list, the show will occasionally add a twist to the presentation, One notable example occurred on November 27,2001. Introduced as Top Ten Ways Osama bin Laden Can Improve His Image, theres no way he can improve his image. A common source of confusion regarding the Top Ten List is why the #1 entry is seen as the least funny. Writer Bill Scheft confirmed this in a 2007 interview on Costas on the Radio, stating that the writers use the three funniest entries on #10, #6, and #2. Sometimes the list would be long if video clips are incorporated such as Top 10 Bush Moments and the music store featuring Jack Black, following shows from which the list was omitted, or if Letterman was on vacation, the feature would utilize a list from the archives. The feature was often edited for time, and occasionally edited for content which may have been appropriate for late-night TV, in late 2013 Westwood One informed Top 10 affiliates that it was ceasing distribution of the feature. The last Top 10 list for radio aired Friday January 3,2014, no other radio network picked up the feature for the rest of the TV shows run
27.
Common property
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Unlike pure public goods, common pool resources face problems of congestion or overuse, because they are subtractable. A common-pool resource typically consists of a resource, which defines the stock variable, while providing a limited quantity of extractable fringe units. While the core resource is to be protected or nurtured in order to allow for its continuous exploitation, a common property system is a particular social arrangement regulating the preservation, maintenance, and consumption of a common-pool resource. The use of the common property resource to designate a type of good has been criticized. Examples of common-pool resources include irrigation systems, fishing grounds, pastures, forests, a pasture, for instance, allows for a certain amount of grazing to occur each year without the core resource being harmed. In the case of excessive grazing, however, the pasture may become more prone to erosion, however, consumption exceeding the fringe value reduces the stock variable, which in turn decreases the flow variable. If the stock variable is allowed to then the fringe and flow variables may also recover to initial levels. When they are owned by no one, they are used as open access resources, Common property systems of management arise when users acting independently threaten the total net benefit from common-pool resource. In order to maintain the resources, protocols coordinate strategies to maintain the resource as a common property instead of dividing it up into parcels of private property, Common property systems typically protect the core resource and allocate the fringe resources through complex community norms of consensus decision-making. Common resource management has to face the task of devising rules that limit the amount, timing. In common property systems, access to the resource is not free, while there is relatively free but monitored access to the resource system for community members, there are mechanisms in place which allow the community to exclude outsiders from using its resource. Thus, in a common property state, a common-pool resource appears as a good to an outsider. The resource units withdrawn from the system are owned individually by the appropriators. A common property good is rivaled in consumption, Common property systems typically function at a local level to prevent the overexploitation of a resource system from which fringe units can be extracted. The management of resources is highly dependent upon the type of resource involved. An effective strategy at one location, or of one particular resource, in The Challenge of Common-Pool Resources, Ostrom makes the case for adaptive governance as a method for the management of common-pool resources. Adaptive governance is suited to dealing with problems that are complex, uncertain and fragmented, Ostrom outlines five basic protocol requirements for achieving adaptive governance. This makes them similar to common goods during times of prosperity, unlike many common goods, open access goods require little oversight or may be difficult to restrict access
28.
Calvert DeForest
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Little has been published about his early life. He was born to Calvert Martin DeForest, M. D. a physician who died in 1949, DeForest attended Poly Prep Country Day School in Brooklyn, New York. He was employed for years as a file clerk at the pharmaceutical company Parke-Davis. He had aspirations of acting but was discouraged by his mother, after her death in 1969, DeForest did part-time backstage work, which eventually led to acting work, and is credited with appearing in five films from 1972-82. In early 1982, DeForest was hired to appear on the new show Late Night With David Letterman and it was the greatest thing that had happened in my life, he once said of his first Letterman appearance. On Late Night, DeForest played the role of Larry Bud Melman, Melman had no fixed or defined role on the show, he was simply an older, short, portly man with thick black-framed glasses who was seen relatively frequently, especially in the early years. In the first few years of the show, the Melman character was somewhat of an entrepreneur and he was also ostensibly the producer of the show as the head of Melman Productions, although this facet of the character was quickly dropped. The characters teenage son, Troy Chipper Melman was seen alongside his father in various ads. Outside the pre-taped ads, Melman would sometimes be given odd chores to perform by Letterman, at other times, Melman would give answers to unlikely audience questions, or appear at unexpected moments to heckle Letterman, or the audience. Melman also appeared numerous times as Kenny The Gardener, offering dubious gardening advice to home viewers, occasionally, Melman would just simply wander onto the stage during Lettermans monologue as if lost, then leave without saying anything. A hallmark of the Melman character was his seemingly genuine lack of acting polish, as well, Melman routinely fluffed or mangled lines, but gamely persevered with whatever sketch he was in. When Letterman moved from NBC to CBS in 1993, the Melman name was retired, DeForest often drew laughs by his bizarre juxtaposition as a Late Show correspondent at events such as the 1994 Winter Olympics in Norway and the Woodstock anniversary concert that year. One of DeForests more memorable skits came on Lettermans May 13,1994, the host stated Johnny Carson would announce the evenings Top 10 list, at which point DeForest appeared as Johnny Carson. Shortly after DeForests exit, the real Johnny Carson appeared in what would prove to be Carsons last television appearance, DeForest continued to appear on Lettermans show until his 81st birthday in 2002 before retiring from acting. He had appeared in 15 outside films or TV shows since he began his association with Letterman in 1982. Letterman noted after DeForests death, Everyone always wondered if Calvert was an actor playing a character, but in reality he was just himself, to our staff and to our viewers, he was a beloved and valued part of our show, and we will miss him. When asked how hed like to be remembered, DeForest responded, Just being able to make people laugh, I also hope I havent offended anyone through the years. He was co-host on the local SF Bay Area radio program, 10@10, in 1985, he appeared in the music video for the Run-DMC song King of Rock as a security guard
29.
Nightline
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Nightline is a late-night news program broadcast by ABC in the United States with a franchised formula to other networks and stations elsewhere in the world. Created by Roone Arledge, the program featured Ted Koppel as its anchor from March 1980 until his retirement in November 2005. It is currently anchored by Dan Harris, Byron Pitts and Juju Chang on an alternating basis, Nightline airs weeknights from 12,37 -1,07 a. m. Eastern Time after Jimmy Kimmel Live, which previously served as the programs lead-out from 2003 to 2012. In 2002, Nightline was ranked 23rd on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time and it has won three Peabody Awards, one in 2001, and two in 2002 for the reports Heart of Darkness and The Survivors. Through a video-sharing agreement with the BBC, Nightline also repackages some of the BBCs output for an American audience, segments from Nightline are also shown in a condensed form on ABCs overnight news program World News Now. There is also a version of Nightline for sister cable channel Fusion, the program had its beginnings on November 8,1979, just four days after the start of the Iran hostage crisis. ABC News president Roone Arledge felt that the best way to compete against NBCs The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson was to update Americans on the latest news from Iran. At that time, the show was called The Iran Crisis–America Held Hostage, Day xxx, originally, World News Tonight lead anchor Frank Reynolds hosted the 20-minute-long special reports. Shortly after its creation, Reynolds stopped hosting the program, Ted Koppel, then ABC Newss State Department Correspondent, took on the hosting duties. It was not until a few days later that a producer had the idea of displaying the number of days on America Held Hostage. At the end of the crisis in 1981, the program – which had been retitled the previous year as Nightline – had entrenched itself on ABCs programming schedule. ABC had previously used the title Night Line for a short-lived 1 a. m. talk show starring Les Crane that was broadcast over the networks New York City flagship station, WABC-TV, starting in 1963. The program originally aired four nights a week until 1982, when the comedy program Fridays was shifted to air after Nightline. By this time, the program had expanded to 30 minutes. For much of its history, the program prided itself on providing a mix of journalism and extended interviews. In 1983, ABC attempted to change the format to feature multiple topics and expand it to one hour. This switch proved to be unsuccessful, and after a few months, once the original format returned, reverting to a 31-minute structure, it remained unchanged through the end of Koppels tenure, it was changed following his retirement
30.
NBC Nightly News
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NBC Nightly News is the flagship daily evening television news program for NBC News, the news division of the NBC television network in the United States. NBC Nightly News is produced from Studio 3B at NBC Studios at 30 Rockefeller Center in New York City, since 2015, the broadcast has been anchored by Lester Holt on weeknights, José Díaz-Balart on Saturday and Kate Snow on Sunday. Previous weekday anchors have included David Brinkley, John Chancellor, Tom Brokaw and its current theme music, The Mission was composed by John Williams. NBC Nightly News replaced the Huntley-Brinkley Report in August 1970 upon Chet Huntleys retirement, at first, David Brinkley, John Chancellor, and Frank McGee rotated duties as anchors. At least one, usually two, and very rarely all three anchored the program on a given night, Brinkleys appearances were always from Washington and McGees were always from New York. Chancellor moved between two cities depending on his partner for the evening. Chancellor became the anchor of the program on August 9,1971, with Brinkley providing a three-minute commentary segment, David Brinkleys Journal. On June 7,1976, NBC brought Brinkley back to the anchor desk, initially, Chancellor and Brinkley both reported from New York City, however Brinkley would later return to Washington. After stepping down from the desk on April 2,1982. On April 5,1982, Tom Brokaw, who had been serving as anchor of Today since 1976, joined the program and took over duties in New York City. Among other news items, he covered the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, EDSA Revolution, Loma Prieta earthquake, the fall of the Berlin Wall, as anchor, Brokaw conducted the first one-on-one American television interviews with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and Russian President Vladimir Putin. He was the network anchor in Berlin when the Berlin Wall fell. Brokaws presence slowly attracted viewers, and during the 1990s, Nightly News battled for the lead with World News Tonight. He and Katie Couric hosted a prime-time newsmagazine, Now with Tom Brokaw and Katie Couric, by 1997, NBC Nightly News had solidified its first place standing in the ratings, a spot it would retain solely for ten years. The once-dominant CBS Evening News, anchored by Dan Rather, had lost a portion of the audience it held during the Walter Cronkite era. Following the collapse of the tower, Brokaw said, In May 2002, Brokaw announced his retirement as anchor of Nightly News. Brokaws final broadcast took place on December 1,2004, ending 22 years on the Nightly News desk, Brian Williams, a frequent substitute for Brokaw for NBC Nightly News, succeeded him as the programs permanent anchor on December 2,2004. However, NBC Nightly News regained the lead a few months later, Williams rose to new levels of popularity for his live spot reporting during and after the 2005 hurricane season
31.
Tom Brokaw
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Thomas John Tom Brokaw is an American television journalist and author, best known as the anchor and managing editor of NBC Nightly News from 1982 to 2004. He is the author of The Greatest Generation and other books and he is the only person to host all three major NBC News programs, The Today Show, NBC Nightly News, and, briefly, Meet the Press. He now serves as a Special Correspondent for NBC News and works on documentaries for other outlets. Along with Peter Jennings at ABC News and Dan Rather at CBS News, Brokaw was one of the Big Three news anchors in the U. S. during the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s. The three all hosted their networks flagship-nightly-news programs for over 20 years, and all three started and retired within a year of each other. Brokaw was born in Webster, South Dakota, the son of Eugenia Jean, who worked in sales and as a post-office clerk and he was the eldest of their three sons and was named after his maternal great-grandfather, Thomas Conley. His father was a descendant of Huguenot immigrants Bourgon and Catherine Broucard and his paternal great-grandfather, Richard P. Brokaw, founded the town of Bristol, South Dakota, and the Brokaw House, a small hotel and the first structure in Bristol. Brokaws father was a foreman for the Army Corps of Engineers. He worked at the Black Hills Ordnance Depot and helped construct Fort Randall Dam, the Brokaws lived for short periods in Bristol, Igloo, and Pickstown, before settling in Yankton, where Brokaw attended high school. It was to be the beginning of a relationship with Foss. Brokaw also became an Advisory Board member of the Joe Foss Institute, Brokaw matriculated at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa, but dropped out after a year as he apparently failed to keep up in his studies, in his words majoring in beer and co-eds. In tribute to his freshman year, the Airliner Bar has named a booth in his honor. He received his Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from the University of South Dakota in 1964, for several years, Brokaw mountain climbed with the Do Boys, whose members included Yvon Chouinard and Douglas Tompkins. m. News for KNBC-TV in Los Angeles, in 1973, NBC made Brokaw White House correspondent, covering the Watergate scandal, and anchor of the Saturday editions of Nightly News. He became host of NBCs Today Show in 1976 and remained in the job until 1981, Brokaw had come to know members of the Nixon team, including most particularly H. R. On April 5,1982, Brokaw began co-anchoring NBC Nightly News from New York with Roger Mudd in Washington, after a year, NBC News president Reuven Frank concluded that the dual-anchor program was not working and selected Brokaw to be sole anchor. The NBC Nightly News with Tom Brokaw commenced on September 5,1983, among other news items, he covered the Challenger disaster, EDSA Revolution, Loma Prieta earthquake, fall of the Berlin Wall and Hurricane Andrew. Brokaw scored a coup when, on November 9,1989
