Law of Guarantees
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The Law of Guarantees, sometimes also called the Law of Papal Guarantees, was the name given to the law passed by the senate and chamber of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy, 13 May 1871, concern
Victor Emmanuel II, the first King of the united Italy
Pope Pius IX
Territory of Vatican City State, established by the Lateran Accords
Episodio delle cinque giornate
Roman question
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The Roman question was a dispute regarding the temporal power of the popes as rulers of a civil territory in the context of the Italian Risorgimento. It ended with the Lateran Pacts between King Victo
The breach of Porta Pia, on the right, in a contemporaneous photograph