Le Monde

Le Monde
	First issue on 18 December 1944
Type	Daily newspaper
Format	Berliner
Owner(s)	Groupe Le Monde
Publisher	Louis Dreyfus
Editor	Jérôme Fenoglio
Staff writers	165
Founded	1944
Political alignment	Centre-left
Language	French
Headquarters	80 bd Auguste-Blanqui, ; F-75707 Paris Cedex 13
Country	France
Circulation	331,837
ISSN	1950-6244
Website	LeMonde.fr
	Media of France; List of newspapers;

Le Monde (French pronunciation: [lə mɔ̃d]; English: The World) is a French daily afternoon newspaper founded by Hubert Beuve-Méry at the request of Charles de Gaulle (as Chairman of the Provisional Government of the French Republic) on 19 December 1944, shortly after the Liberation of Paris, and published continuously since its first edition. It is one of the most important and widely respected newspapers in the world.^[3]

Le Monde is one of the principal and noteworthy French newspapers of record, counting also Libération, and Le Figaro, and the main publication of La Vie-Le Monde Group. It reported an average circulation of 323,039 copies per issue in 2009, about 40,000 of which were sold abroad. It has had its own website since 19 December 1995, and is often the only French newspaper easily obtainable in non-French-speaking countries. It should not be confused with the monthly publication Le Monde diplomatique, of which Le Monde has 51% ownership, but which is editorially independent.

The paper's journalistic side has a collegial form of organization, in which most journalists are not only tenured, but financial stakeholders in the enterprise as well, and participate in the elections of upper management and senior executives. In the 1990s and 2000s, La Vie-Le Monde Group expanded under editor Jean-Marie Colombani with a number of acquisitions. However, its profitability was not sufficient to cover the large debt loads it took on to fund this expansion, and it sought new investors in 2010 to keep the company out of bankruptcy. In June 2010, investors Matthieu Pigasse, Pierre Bergé, and Xavier Niel acquired a controlling stake in the newspaper.^[4]

In contrast to other world newspapers such as The New York Times, Le Monde was traditionally focused on offering analysis and opinion, as opposed to being a newspaper of record. Hence, it was considered less important for the paper to offer maximum coverage of the news than to offer thoughtful interpretation of current events. For instance, on the 10th anniversary of the sinking of the Rainbow Warrior, the newspaper directly implicated François Mitterrand, who was the French president at the time, in the operation. In recent years, however, the paper has established a greater distinction between fact and opinion.^[5]

Editorial stance[edit]

Le Monde was founded in 1944^[6]^[7] at the request of General Charles de Gaulle after the German army was driven from Paris during World War II, and took over the headquarters and layout of Le Temps, which was the most important newspaper in France before but whose reputation had suffered during the Occupation.^[8] Beuve-Méry reportedly demanded total editorial independence as the condition for his taking on the project.

In 1981 it backed the election of socialist François Mitterrand on the grounds that alternation of the political party in government would be beneficial to the state.^{[citation needed]} The paper endorsed centre-right candidate Édouard Balladur in the 1995 presidential election and Ségolène Royal, the Socialist Party candidate, in the 2007 presidential election.

Controversies and politics[edit]

According to the Mitrokhin Archive investigators, Le Monde (KGB codename VESTNIK, "messenger") was the KGB's key outlet for spreading anti-American and pro-Soviet disinformation to the French media. The archive identified two senior Le Monde journalists and several contributors who were used in the operations (see also the article on Russian influence operations in France).^[9]

Michel Legris, a former journalist with the paper, wrote Le Monde tel qu'il est (Le Monde as it is) in 1976. According to him, the journal minimized the atrocities committed by the Cambodian Khmer Rouge.

In their 2003 book titled La Face cachée du Monde (The Hidden face of "Le Monde"), authors Pierre Péan and Philippe Cohen alleged that Colombani and then-editor Edwy Plenel had shown, amongst other things, partisan bias and had engaged in financial dealings that compromised the paper's independence. It also accused the paper of dangerously damaging the authority of the French state by having revealed various political scandals (notably corruption scandals surrounding Jacques Chirac, the "Irish of Vincennes" affair, and the sinking of a Greenpeace boat, the Rainbow Warrior, by French intelligence under President François Mitterrand). This book remains controversial, but attracted much attention and media coverage in France and around the world at the time of its publication. Following a lawsuit, the authors and the publisher agreed in 2004 not to proceed to any reprinting.^{[citation needed]}

Le Monde has been found guilty of defamation for saying that Spanish football club FC Barcelona was connected to a doctor involved in steroid use. The Spanish court fined the newspaper nearly $450,000.^[10]

In April 2016, a Le Monde reporter was denied visa to visit Algeria as part of the French Prime Minister press convoy to Algeria. Le Monde had previously published names of Algerian officials directly involved with the Panama papers corruption scandal.^[11]

Recent circulation history[edit]

Year	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Total circulation	390,840	392,772	405,983	407,085	389,249	371,803	360,610	350,039	358,655	340,131	323,039	319,022	325,295	318,236	303,432

Publication schedule[edit]

Le Monde is published around midday, and the date on the masthead is the following day's. For instance, the issue released at midday on 15 March shows 16 March on the masthead. It is available on newsstands in France on the day of release, and received by mail subscribers on the masthead date. The Saturday issue is a double one, for Saturday and Sunday.

Thus the latest edition can be found on newsstand from Monday to Friday included, while subscribers will receive it from Tuesday to Saturday included.

Headquarters[edit]

In December 2006, on the 60th anniversary of its publishing début,^{[citation needed]} Le Monde moved into new headquarters in Boulevard Auguste-Blanqui, 13th arrondissement of Paris.^[12]

The building—formerly the headquarters of Air France—was refashioned by Bouygues from the designs of Christian de Portzamparc. The building's façade has an enormous fresco adorned by doves (drawn by Plantu) flying towards Victor Hugo, symbolising freedom of the press.

It will move into a new headquarters, also in the 13th arrondissement, around 2017. It will have space for 1,200 people.^[13]