1.
Miracle on the Han River
The term Miracle on the Han River was coined after the phrase Miracle on the Rhine was used to refer to the economic rebirth of West Germany after World War II. The resultant growth has been attributed to the work of the labour force. Between 1910-1945, Korea was a colony of the Japanese Empire, as a result of Japanese capital investment, especially during the 1930s-1940s, it experienced a phase of industrialization and economic growth. During the period of Japanese colonialism, eight companies were founded and other firms grew as a result of aid. However, following the Pacific War, the Korean economy declined as trade relations between Korea and Japan broke down, at this time, the economy was largely agricultural. Through the Farmland Reform Act of 1950, the United States Army Military Government in Korea redistributed previously Japanese-owned land, the Second Republic of South Korea existed for only one year, but had a great effect on economy and history of South Korea through ideology and policy.
When a military coup in 1961 led by general Park Chung-hee overthrew the Democratic Party, during this time, the first national Five-Year Plan was implemented, becoming an important factor in the Miracle on the Han River. Parks motto of treating employees like family has been credited with increasing productivity within the South Korean workforce, South Korean workers were reportedly 2.5 times more productive than American workers, even though they were paid a tenth of American wages. At the same time, morality laws established mandatory curfews and regulations on attire, in his program of Yushin Kaehyuk, he caused Korean cinema to enter into a moribund period considered by many to be the lowest periods in the history of Korean cinema. Park had believed that South Korea was not ready to be a democratic nation nor a free nation. As he stated, Democracy cannot be realized without an economic revolution, Park argued that the poverty of the nation would make it vulnerable, and therefore an urgent task was to eliminate poverty rather than establish a democratic nation.
During his presidency the Korean Central Intelligence Agency became a feared institution. Park Chung-hees rule ended on October 26,1979 when he was killed by his chief of security services, the government used this money to accomplish a self-supporting economy, launching the Saemaeul movement in order to develop rural areas. The strong leadership of the government as well as the use of cheap labor served as catalysts for the growth of the South Korean economy. During the Fourth Republic, South Korea invested in its chemical industry. Civilians cooperated by investing in these markets, and business employers did their part ensuring that employees were loyal and this continued to be the case even when marginal utility seemed to be decreasing because of the overproduction of goods. Another motivating factor in the sector was the influence of a series of policy loans that were closely associated with negative interest rates. With the government backing heavy industries and steel industries flourished, money subsequently came pouring into the economy as consumer confidence in heavy industries grew
2.
Lee Jae-yong (businessman)
Lee Jae-yong, known professionally in the West as Jay Y. Lee, is a South Korean business magnate and the chairman of Samsung Group. He is the eldest child and only son of Lee Kun-hee, Chairman of Samsung and he is referred to as the Crown Prince of Samsung by the South Korean media, and speaks Korean and Japanese. Lee is estimated to be worth US$7.9 billion, making him the third wealthiest person in South Korea. In 2014, Lee was named the worlds 35th most powerful person, in January 2017, Lee was accused of bribery and perjury by the South Korean prosecutors office. Although the arrest warrant was denied by a Seoul court in mid-January, after a month of investigation, Jae-yong was born in Washington, D. C. He received a degree in East Asian history at Seoul National University and he has attended Harvard Business School for about five years to pursue a Doctor of Business Administration degree, though he did not receive a degree. Jae-yong started working for Samsung in 1991 and he began serving as Vice President of Strategic Planning and as Chief Customer Officer, a management position created exclusively for Lee.
His prospects for future company leadership dimmed when his father Kun-hee stepped down as Chairman due to tax evasion, in December 2009, his succession prospects revived when Lee became the Chief Operating Officer of Samsung Electronics. Since December 2012, he has been Vice Chairman of Samsung and he is one of the main shareholders of Samsungs financial services subsidiary, owning 11 percent of Samsung SDS. The arrest of Jay Y. Lee was largely prompted by the investigation of the Choi Soon-sil scandal, on 12 January 2017, the special prosecutors office said it would decide soon whether to seek an arrest warrant for Lee. He was questioned for more than 22 hours for suspicion of activities including bribery in a scandal that consumed President Park Geun-hye. A spokesman for Samsung said, “We will do our best to ensure that the truth is revealed in court proceedings. He is known for his determination and polite, quiet demeanor. Lee is known to take time to reply personally to e-mails, Lee is rarely seen in public and avoids publicity.
He has two sisters, Lee Boo-jin, Lee Seo-hyun, and was the older brother of the late Lee Yoon-hyung. He has one son and one daughter with his ex-wife Lim Se-ryung, Lee enjoys golf and horseback riding
3.
Lee (Korean surname)
Lee is the typical romanization of the common South Korean surname I, North Korean surname Ri. The name is written identically to the Chinese name Li 李 in Hanja characters and it is the second-most-common surname in Korea, behind only Kim. However, the NIKL still hoped to promote systemic transcriptions for use in passports, the overwhelming majority of South Koreans with this surname ignored this recommendation and continue to spell it as Lee. A few people with this surname historically spelled it Ye, as in Ye Wanyong of the Korean Empire, most such clans trace their lineage back to a specific founder, and are generally not related to one another. This system was at its height under the yangban aristocracy of the Joseon Dynasty, there are approximately 241 such clans claimed by South Koreans. Most people with surname Yi in Korea belong to either the Jeonju or Gyeongju clans, surname Yi and Yi each have a different clans. This clan has direct imperial roots to the founding of the Joseon Dynasty, the founder of this clan was Yi Han, a native of Baekje who married a Silla princess and became a high official of Silla.
His 22nd-generation descendant, Taejo of Joseon, went on to found the Joseon Dynasty, the House of Yi ruled Joseon for 518 years between 1392 and 1910, and established many of the cultural and linguistic foundations for modern-day Korea. As of 2014, the pretender to the Korean throne was Haewon, members of the different branches of Jeonju Yi family dominated Korean history until the formation of the current Republic of Korea. Many families claim membership in the House of Yi, but few actually descend from the royal lineage, the House of Yi, in conjunction to its royal status, has produced innumerable figures of extraordinary influences in politics, the sciences, the arts and academia. Many of these descendants play key roles in politics, the sciences, the arts, finances. The founder of this clan was Alpyeong, one of the village headmen of Silla. According to the Samguk Sagi, the Yi name was bestowed on the family by King Yuri around 9 CE. Notable present-day members of this include, Lee Byung-chull, the founder of Samsung Group, Lee Kun-hee, the former Samsung CEO.
The Gyeongju Yi clan, according to the 2000 South Korean census, numbered over 1.4 million individuals, the founder of this clan was Yi Gwang, an official of the Goryeo period. Yi Seung-Hun, who was the first person that brought Catholicism to Korea, was in Pyeongchang clan, Yi Seung- Hun descendant Namgang Lee Seung- Hun was one of the most important figures in helping Korea gain its independence from Japan. Namgang Lee Seung- Hun was one of the most financially successful people during his time, in his forties, Seunghun Lee devoted himself to social work and tried to support talented young people by founding the Kangmyung uisook and the Osan School. He participated in the New People’s Association, and became a Christian in 1910. Seunghun Lee was sentenced to 10 years in 1911 due to ‘105 Persons Incident’
4.
Chairman
The chairman is the highest officer of an organized group such as a board, a committee, or a deliberative assembly. The person holding the office is elected or appointed by the members of the group. The chair presides over meetings of the group and conducts its business in an orderly fashion. When the group is not in session, the officers duties include acting as its head, its representative to the outside world. In some organizations, this position is called president, in others, where a board appoints a president. Other terms sometimes used for the office and its holder include chair, chairwoman, presiding officer, moderator, the chairman of a parliamentary chamber is often called the speaker. The term chair is used in lieu of chairman, in response to criticisms that using chairman is sexist. In his 1992 State of the Union address, then-U. S, president George H. W. Bush used chairman for men and chair for women. A1994 Canadian study found the Toronto Star newspaper referring to most presiding men as chairman, the Chronicle of Higher Education uses chairman for men and chairperson for women.
An analysis of the British National Corpus found chairman used 1,142 times, chairperson 130 times, the National Association of Parliamentarians does not approve using chairperson. In World Schools Style debating, male chairs are called Mr. Chairman, the FranklinCovey Style Guide for Business and Technical Communication, as well as the American Psychological Association style guide, advocate using chair or chairperson, rather than chairman. The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style suggests that the forms are gaining ground. It advocates using chair to refer both to men and to women, the word chair can refer to the place from which the holder of the office presides, whether on a chair, at a lectern, or elsewhere. During meetings, the person presiding is said to be in the chair and is referred to as the chair. Major dictionaries state that the word derives from chair and man, some authorities, including Riddicks Rules of Procedure, suggest that the second part of chairman derives from the Latin manus, and thus claim gender-neutrality for the word.
Vladimir Lenin, for example, officially functioned as the head of Soviet Russia not as tsar or as president, note in particular the popular standard method for referring to Mao Zedong, Chairman Mao. In the absence of the chairman and vice chairman, groups sometimes elect a chairman pro tempore to fill the role for a single meeting. In some organizations that have titles, deputy chairman ranks higher than vice chairman, as there are often multiple vice chairs
5.
Lee Myung-bak
Lee Myung-bak is a South Korean politician and businessman who served as the 17th President of South Korea from 25 February 2008 to 25 February 2013. Before his election as president, he was the CEO of Hyundai Engineering and Construction, as well as the mayor of Seoul from 1 July 2002 and he is married to Kim Yoon-ok and has three daughters and one son. His older brother, Lee Sang-deuk, is a South Korean politician and he attends the Somang Presbyterian Church. Lee is a graduate of Korea University and received a degree from Paris Diderot University on 13 May 2011. Under Lee, South Korea increased its visibility and influence in the global scene, the reformist faction within the Saenuri Party is at odds against Lee. He ended his term on 25 February 2013, and was succeeded by Park Geun-hye. Lee Myung-bak was born 19 December 1941, in Osaka and his parents had emigrated to Japan in 1929, nineteen years after the Japanese annexation of Korea. Lees father, Lee Chung-u, was employed as a farmhand on a ranch in Japan.
He was the fifth of his parents four sons and three daughters, in 1945, after the end of World War II, his family returned to his fathers hometown of Pohang, in Gyeongsangbuk-do in the American-occupied portion of the Korean Peninsula. Lees sister, Lee Ki-sun, believed that they smuggled themselves into the country in order to avoid having the officials confiscate the property acquired in Japan. However, their ship was wrecked off the coast of Tsushima island and they lost all their belongings and barely survived. Lee attended night school at Dongji Commercial High School in Pohang, a year after graduation, Lee gained admission to Korea University. In 1964, during his year in college, Lee was elected president of the student council. That year, Lee participated in student demonstrations against President Park Chung-hees Seoul-Tokyo Talks and he was charged with plotting insurrection and was sentenced to five years probation and three years imprisonment by the Supreme Court of South Korea. He served a little under three months of his sentence at the Seodaemun Prison in Seoul, in his autobiography, Lee wrote that he was discharged from Koreas mandatory military service due to a diagnosis of acute bronchiectasis while at the Nonsan Training Facility.
Shortly after he was hired by the company, Lee was sent to Thailand to participate in the project, Lee returned to Korea and was subsequently given charge of Hyundais heavy machinery plant in Seoul. It was during his three decades with the Hyundai Group that Lee earned the nickname Bulldozer, on one occasion, he completely dismantled a malfunctioning bulldozer to study its mechanics and figure out how to repair it. Lee became a director at the age of 29 – only five years after he joined the company – and CEO at age 35
6.
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea, is a sovereign state in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The earliest Korean pottery dates to 8000 BC, with three kingdoms flourishing in the 1st century BC and its rich and vibrant culture left 19 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity, the third largest in the world, along with 12 World Heritage Sites. Annexed into Imperial Japan in 1910, Korea was divided after its surrender in 1945, peace has since mostly continued with the two agreeing to work peacefully for reunification and the South solidifying peace as a regional power with the worlds 10th largest defence budget. South Koreas tiger economy soared at an average of 10% for over 30 years in a period of rapid transformation called the Miracle on the Han River. A long legacy of openness and focus on innovation made it successful, today, it is the worlds fifth largest exporter with the G20s largest budget surplus and highest credit rating of any country in East Asia.
It has free trade agreements with 75% of the economy and is the only G20 nation trading freely with China, the US. Since 1988, its constitution guarantees a liberal democracy with high government transparency, high personal freedoms led to the rise of a globally influential pop culture such as K-pop and K-drama, a phenomenon called the Korean Wave, known for its distinctive fashionable and trendy style. Home of the UN Green Climate Fund and GGGI, South Korea is a leader in low carbon growth, committed to helping developing countries as a major DAC. It is the third least ignorant country in the Index of Ignorance, ranking eighth highest for peaceful tolerance. It is the worlds largest spender on R&D per GDP, leading the OECD in graduates in science, the name Korea derives from the name Goryeo. The name Goryeo itself was first used by the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo in the 5th century as a form of its name. The 10th-century kingdom of Goryeo succeeded Goguryeo, and thus inherited its name, the modern spelling of Korea first appeared in the late 17th century in the travel writings of the Dutch East India Companys Hendrick Hamel.
After Goryeo was replaced by Joseon in 1392, Joseon became the name for the entire territory. The new official name has its origin in the ancient country of Gojoseon, in 1897, the Joseon dynasty changed the official name of the country from Joseon to Daehan Jeguk. The name Daehan, which means great Han literally, derives from Samhan, the name Joseon was still widely used by Koreans to refer to their country, though it was no longer the official name. Under Japanese rule, the two names Han and Joseon coexisted, there were several groups who fought for independence, the most notable being the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. Following the surrender of Japan, in 1945, the Republic of Korea was adopted as the name for the new country. Since the government only controlled the part of the Korean Peninsula
7.
International Olympic Committee
The International Olympic Committee is the supreme authority of the worldwide Olympic movement. It is an international, non-profit, non-governmental organization based in Lausanne and its mission is enshrined in the Olympic Charter, to support the development of competitive sport by ethical and environmentally sustainable means. The IOC was created by Pierre de Coubertin, on 23 June 1894 with Demetrios Vikelas as its first president, today its membership consists of 100 active members,32 honorary members, and 1 honour member. The IOC is the authority of the worldwide modern Olympic movement. The IOC organises the modern Olympic Games and Youth Olympic Games, held in summer and winter, the first Summer Olympics organised by the IOC was held in Athens, Greece, in 1896, the first Winter Olympics was in Chamonix, France, in 1924. Until 1992, both Summer and Winter Olympics were held in the same year, the first Summer Youth Olympics were in Singapore in 2010 and the first Winter Youth Olympics were held in Innsbruck in 2012.
In 2009, the UN General Assembly granted the IOC Permanent Observer status and this decision enables the IOC to be directly involved in the UN Agenda and to attend UN General Assembly meetings where it can take the floor. This has provided the possibility to promote sport at a new level, during each proclamation at the Olympics, announcers speak in different languages, French is always spoken first followed by an English translation and the dominant language of the host nation. The stated mission of the International Olympic Committee is to promote Olympic throughout the world and it is the IOC’s supreme organ and its decisions are final. Extraordinary Sessions may be convened by the President or upon the written request of at least one third of the members, among others, the powers of the Session are, To adopt or amend the Olympic Charter. To elect the members of the IOC, the Honorary President, to elect the President, the Vice-Presidents and all other members of the IOC Executive Board. To elect the host city of the Olympic Games, the Olympic Laurel is awarded to individuals for promoting education, culture and peace through sport.
For most of its existence, the IOC was controlled by members who were selected by other members, countries that had hosted the Games were allowed two members. When named, they did not become the representatives of their countries to the IOC. The membership of IOC members ceases in the circumstances, Resignation. Non re-election, any IOC member ceases to be a member without further formality if they are not re-elected, age limit, any IOC member ceases to be a member at the end of the calendar year during which they reach the age of 80. Failure to attend Sessions or take part in IOC work for two consecutive years. Transfer of domicile or of main center of interests to an other than the country which was theirs at the time of their election
8.
South Gyeongsang Province
South Gyeongsang Province is a province in the southeast of South Korea. The provincial capital is at Changwon and it is adjacent to the major metropolitan center and port of Busan. There is UNESCO World Heritage Site Haeinsa, a Buddhist temple that houses the Tripitaka Koreana and petrochemical factories are largely concentrated along the southern part of the province, extending from Ulsan through Busan and Jinju. The name derives from Korean Gyeongsang, meaning joyous furthermore, from gyeong 경, 慶, meaning happy, the name derives from the names of the principal cities of Gyeongju and Sangju. Before 1895, the corresponding to modern-day Gyeongsangnam-do was part of Gyeongsang Province. In 1895, southern Gyeongsang was replaced by the districts of Jinju in the west, in 1896, they were merged to form Gyeongsangnam-do. The provincial capital was originally at Jinju, it moved in 1925 to Busan, in 1948, Gyeongsangnam-do became part of South Korea. In 1963, Busan separated from Gyeongsangnam-do to become a Directly Governed City, in 1983, the provincial capital moved from Busan to Changwon.
In 1995, Busan became a Metropolitan City, and Ulsan separated from Gyeongsangnam-do to become a Metropolitan City in 1997. The province is part of the Yeongnam region, on the north by Gyeongsangbuk-do province, on the west Jeollabuk-do and Jeollanam-do provinces, most of the province is drained by the Nakdong River and its tributaries. The total area of the province is 10,533 square kilometres, the Nakdong delta plain around Gimhae is one of the best granaries in South Korea. Agricultural products form Gyeongsangnam-do include rice, potatoes, the area is renowned for its cotton and fruits which are grown along the southern seaside. A number of products are caught. The province is one of the countrys leading fisheries, the largest cities in the region are Busan and Ulsan, which are separately administered as provincial-level Metropolitan Cities. Apart from the capital Changwon, other large or notable cities include Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do is the home of Haeinsa, a Buddhist temple that houses the Tripitaka Koreana and attracts many tourists.
It is in the park around Jirisan on the border with Jeollabuk-do. The temple was first built in 802, changnyeong county contains three major tourist attractions for the province, Upo wetland, Bugok natural hotsprings, and Hwawang mountain. Gyeongsangnam-do is divided into 8 cities and 10 counties, the names below are given in English and hanja
9.
Korean name
A Korean name consists of a family name followed by a given name, as used by the Korean people in both South Korea and North Korea. In the Korean language, ireum or seongmyeong usually refers to the family name, traditional Korean family names typically consist of only one syllable. There is no name in the English language sense. Many Koreans have their names made of a generational name syllable. The generational name syllable is shared by siblings in North Korea, married men and women usually keep their full personal names, and children inherit the fathers family name. The family names are subdivided into bongwan, i. e. extended families which originate in the system used in previous historical periods. Each clan is identified by a place, and traces its origin to a common patrilineal ancestor. During periods of Mongol influence, the ruling class supplemented their Korean names with Mongolian names, some keep the original order of names, while others reverse the names to match the usual Western pattern.
Fewer than 300 Korean family names were in use in 2000, for various reasons, there is a growth in the number of Korean surnames. Each family name is divided into one or more clans, identifying the city of origin. For example, the most populous clan is Gimhae Kim, that is, clans are further subdivided into various pa, or branches stemming from a more recent common ancestor, so that a full identification of a persons family name would be clan-surname-branch. Traditionally, Korean women keep their names after their marriage. In the premodern, patriarchal Korean society, people were extremely conscious of familial values, Korean women keep their surnames after marriage based on traditional reasoning that it is what they inherited from their parents and ancestors, and cannot be changed. According to traditions, each clan publishes a comprehensive genealogy every 30 years, around a dozen two-syllable surnames are used, all of which rank after the 100 most common surnames. The five most common names, which together make up over half of the Korean population, are used by over 20 million people in South Korea.
After the 2015 census, it was revealed that family names were becoming more common in South Korea. Between 2000 and 2015, more than 4,800 new surnames were registered, during the census, a total of 5,582 distinct surnames were collected, 73% of which do not have corresponding hanja characters. It was revealed that despite the surge in the number of surnames, the ratio of top 10 surnames had not changed
10.
Samsung Electronics
(Korean, 삼성전자, Hanja, 三星電子 is a South Korean multinational electronics company headquartered in Suwon, South Korea. Through extremely complicated ownership structure with some circular ownership, it is the division of the Samsung Group. It is the second largest information technology company by revenue. Samsung Electronics has assembly plants and sales networks in 80 countries, since 2012, Kwon Oh-hyun has served as the companys CEO. It is the worlds largest manufacturer of mobile phones and smartphones fueled by the popularity of its Samsung Galaxy line of devices, Samsung has been the worlds largest television manufacturer since 2006, and the worlds largest manufacturer of mobile phones since 2011. Samsung Electronics is a part of the South Korean economy. Samsung Electric Industries was established as an industry Samsung Group in 1969 in Suwon and its early products were electronic and electrical appliances including televisions, refrigerators, air conditioners and washing machines. In 1970, Samsung Group established another subsidiary, Samsung-NEC, jointly with Japans NEC Corporation to manufacture home appliances, in 1974, the group expanded into the semiconductor business by acquiring Korea Semiconductor, one of the first chip-making facilities in the country at the time.
The acquisition of Korea Telecommunications, a switching system producer, was completed at the start of the next decade in 1980. By 1981, Samsung Electric Industries had manufactured over 10 million black-and-white televisions, one year later, Samsung became the third company in the world to develop a 64 kb DRAM. Samsung Electronics launched its first mobile phone in 1988, in the South Korean market, sales were initially poor and by the early 1990s, Motorola held a market share of over 60 percent in the countrys mobile phone market compared to just 10 percent for Samsung. Samsungs mobile phone division struggled with poor quality and inferior products until the mid-1990s, Lee Kun-Hee decided that Samsung needed to change strategy. The company shelved the production of many under-selling product lines and instead pursued a process of designing and manufacturing components, in addition, Samsung outlined a 10-year plan to shrug off its image as a budget brand and to challenge Sony as the worlds largest consumer electronics manufacturer.
It was hoped in this way Samsung would gain an understanding of how products are made and this patient vertical integration strategy of manufacturing components has borne fruit for Samsung in the late-2000s. As Samsung shifted away from markets, the company devised a plan to sponsor major sporting events. One such sponsorship was for the 1998 Winter Olympics held in Nagano, Samsung had a number of technological breakthroughs, particularly in the field of memory which are commonplace in most electrical products today. This includes the worlds first 64Mb DRAM in 1992,256 Mb DRAM in 1994, in 2004, Samsung developed the worlds first 8Gb NAND Memory chip and a manufacturing deal was struck with Apple in 2005. In 2005, Samsung Electronics surpassed its Japanese rival, for the first time to become the worlds twentieth-largest and most popular consumer brand, in 2007, Samsung Electronics became the worlds second-largest mobile-phone maker, overtaking Motorola for the first time
11.
Waseda University
Waseda University, abbreviated as Sōdai, is a large, private university with a main campus located in Shinjuku, Japan. First established in 1882 as the Tōkyō Senmon Gakkō or Tōkyō College by Ōkuma Shigenobu, the university consists of 13 undergraduate schools and 23 graduate schools. Waseda is one of the group of universities assigned additional funding under the Japanese Ministry of Education, Sports, Science. Waseda consistently ranks among the most academically selective and well-regarded universities in Japanese university rankings, in international rankings, published by Quacquarelli Symonds weighted towards academic peer review and published research output, Waseda ranked 212th in 2015/16. The university was founded by samurai scholar and Meiji-era politician and former prime minister Ōkuma Shigenobu in 1882 and it started as a college with three departments under the old Japanese system of higher education. In 1882, the university had the department of science and economics, law. Along with these departments, an English language course was established, three years later, the department of physical science was closed because it had too few applicants.
The department of science and engineering was established in 1908, the department of literature was established in 1890. The department of education was established in 1903, and the department of commerce, much of the campus was destroyed in the fire bombings of Tokyo during World War II, but the university was rebuilt and reopened by 1949. It has grown to become a university with two senior high schools and school of art and architecture. In June 12,1950, Sixty police raided Waseda University, the open letter to MacArthur was one read at a Communist-sponsored rally a week earlier. A police official said most meetings at Waseda would be banned in the future because political elements might try to utilize them. Yuichi Eshima, Vice-Chairman of the Students Autonomy Society, said the police action stupified students and professors, Waseda University started its life as Tōkyō Senmon Gakkō on October 21,1882. It was renamed Waseda University on September 2,1902 upon acquiring university status, Ōkuma had long desired to create an academic cap so distinctive that someone wearing the cap would immediately be identified as a Waseda student.
The chief tailor of Takashimaya, was called upon to design a cap in three days. Each square cap was stamped on the inside with the name, his department, the school seal. Thus, the cap served as a form of identification, the cap, with its gold-braided badge, is registered as a trademark. On October 21,2007, Waseda University celebrated its 125th anniversary, Ōkuma often talked about the 125 years of life theory, The lifespan of a human being can be as long as 125 years
12.
George Washington University
The George Washington University is a private research university in Washington, D. C. GW is the largest institution of education in Washington, D. C. In his will, Washington left his 50 shares in the Potomac Company to help endow the university, due to the companys financial difficulties, the funding did not materialize. The university was chartered by an act of Congress on February 9,1821 and its name was changed to Columbian University in 1873 and to the George Washington University in 1904, in honor of Washington. GWs Graduate School of Political Management is the school of applied politics in the nations capital. GWs professional schools and the Elliott School of International Affairs are consistently ranked highly in national and international college rankings lists, the Princeton Review consistently ranks GW as one of the Most Politically Active schools. Some of the graduates have gone on to high positions within both the U. S. government and foreign governments. Notable alumni include former Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid, former Secretary of State Colin Powell and he presented numerous letters to Congress and included the subject in his last will and testament.
Baptist missionary and leading minister Luther Rice raised funds to purchase a site in Washington, the first commencement in 1824 was considered an important event for the young city of Washington, D. C. In attendance were President Monroe, John C, Henry Clay, Marquis de Lafayette and other dignitaries. During the Civil War, most students left to join the Confederacy, walt Whitman was among many of the volunteers to work on the campus. Following the war, in 1873, Columbian College became the Columbian University and moved to a downtown location centered on 15th and H streets. The university moved its operations to the D. C. neighborhood of Foggy Bottom in 1912. The George Washington University, like much of Washington, D. C. traces many of its origins back to the Freemasons, the Bible that the presidents of the university use to swear an oath on upon inauguration is the Bible of Freemason George Washington. Freemasonry symbols are displayed throughout the campus including the foundation stones of many of the university buildings.
Many of the Colleges of the George Washington University stand out for their age, the Law School is the oldest law school in the District of Columbia. The School of Medicine and Health Sciences is the 11th oldest medical school in the nation, the Columbian College was founded in 1821, and is the oldest unit of the university. The Elliott School of International Affairs was formalized in 1898, the majority of the present infrastructure and financial stability at GW is due to the tenures of Presidents Cloyd Heck Marvin, Lloyd Hartman Elliott and Stephen Joel Trachtenberg
