Leopard complex
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The leopard complex is a group of genetically related coat patterns in horses. These patterns range from progressive increases in interspersed white hair similar to graying or roan to distinctive, Dalmatian-like leopard spots on a white coat. Secondary characteristics associated with the leopard complex include a white sclera around the eye, striped hooves and mottled skin. The leopard complex gene is also linked to abnormalities in the eyes and vision. These patterns are most closely identified with the Appaloosa and Knabstrupper breeds, though its presence in breeds from Asia to western Europe has indicated that it is due to a very ancient mutation.
One of many patterns for which the leopard complex is responsible.
The extent of this horse's white patterning is illustrated because he is wet. Only large regions of pigmented (gray or black) skin will yield chestnut-colored hairs.
This horse likely began life completely black, and has since undergone extensive varnish roaning.
The reddish leopard-spots in this otherwise bay coat are only visible after leopard-related roaning has occurred, as here.
Equine coat color
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Horses exhibit a diverse array of coat colors and distinctive markings. A specialized vocabulary has evolved to describe them.
Three horses with different coat colors
Bay (left) and chestnut (right) mustangs.
A black horse
A dapple gray