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Libretto
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A libretto is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or musical. The term libretto is also used to refer to the text of major liturgical works, such as the Mass, requiem and sacred cantata. Libretto, from Italian, is the diminutive of the word libro, sometimes other language equivalents are used for libretti in that language, livret for French works and Textbuch for German. A libretto is distinct from a synopsis or scenario of the plot, in that the libretto contains all the words and stage directions, while a synopsis summarizes the plot. The relationship of the librettist to the composer in the creation of a work has varied over the centuries, as have the sources. In the context of a modern English language musical theatre piece, Libretti for operas, oratorios and cantatas in the 17th and 18th centuries generally were written by someone other than the composer, often a well-known poet. Metastasio was one of the most highly regarded librettists in Europe and his libretti were set many times by many different composers. Another noted 18th-century librettist was Lorenzo Da Ponte, who wrote the libretti for three of Mozarts greatest operas, as well as for other composers. Eugène Scribe was one of the most prolific librettists of the 19th century, providing the words for works by Meyerbeer, Auber, Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini and Verdi. The French writers duo Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy wrote a number of opera and operetta libretti for the likes of Jacques Offenbach, Jules Massenet. Arrigo Boito, who wrote libretti for, among others, Giuseppe Verdi and Amilcare Ponchielli, the libretto is not always written before the music. Some composers wrote their own libretti, Richard Wagner is perhaps most famous in this regard, with his transformations of Germanic legends and events into epic subjects for his operas and music dramas. Hector Berlioz, too, wrote the libretti for two of his works, La Damnation de Faust and Les Troyens. Alban Berg adapted Georg Büchners play Woyzeck for the libretto of Wozzeck, sometimes the libretto is written in close collaboration with the composer, this can involve adaptation, as was the case with Rimsky-Korsakov and his librettist Belsky, or an entirely original work. In the case of musicals, the music, the lyrics, thus, a musical such as Fiddler on the Roof has a composer, a lyricist and the writer of the book. In rare cases, the composer writes everything except the dance arrangements - music, lyrics and libretto, Other matters in the process of developing a libretto parallel those of spoken dramas for stage or screen. A famous case of the latter is Wagners 1861 revision of the original 1845 Dresden version of his opera Tannhäuser for Paris, since the late 19th century some opera composers have written music to prose or free verse libretti. The libretto of a musical, on the hand, is almost always written in prose
2.
Alan Jay Lerner
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Alan Jay Lerner was an American lyricist and librettist. In collaboration with Frederick Loewe, and later Burton Lane, he created some of the worlds most popular and he won three Tony Awards and three Academy Awards, among other honors. Born in New York City, he was the son of Edith Adelson Lerner and Joseph Jay Lerner, whose brother, Samuel Alexander Lerner, was founder and owner of the Lerner Stores, one of Lerners cousins was the radio comedian/television game show panelist Henry Morgan. Lerner was educated at Bedales School in England, The Choate School in Wallingford, Connecticut and he attended both Camp Androscoggin and Camp Greylock. At both Choate and Harvard, Lerner was a classmate of John F. Kennedy, at Choate they had worked together on the yearbook staff. Like Cole Porter at Yale and Richard Rodgers at Columbia, his career in theater began with his collegiate contributions. During the summers of 1936 and 1937, Lerner studied music composition at Juilliard, while attending Harvard, he lost his sight in his left eye due to an accident in the boxing ring. In 1957, Lerner and Leonard Bernstein, another of Lerners college classmates, collaborated on Lonely Men of Harvard, due to his injury, Lerner could not serve in World War II. Instead he wrote scripts, including Your Hit Parade, until he was introduced to Austrian composer Frederick Loewe. While at the Lambs, he also met Lorenz Hart, with whom he would also collaborate, Lerner and Loewes first collaboration was a musical adaptation of Barry Connerss farce The Patsy called Life of the Party for a Detroit stock company. The lyrics were written by Earle Crooker, but he had left the project. It enjoyed a run and encouraged the duo to join forces with Arthur Pierson for Whats Up. which opened on Broadway in 1943. It ran for 63 performances and was followed two years later by The Day Before Spring and their first hit was Brigadoon, a romantic fantasy set in a mystical Scottish village, directed by Robert Lewis. It was followed in 1951 by the Gold Rush story Paint Your Wagon, while the show ran for nearly a year and included songs that later became pop standards, it was less successful that Lerners previous work. He later said of Paint Your Wagon, it was a success, Lerner worked with Kurt Weill on the stage musical Love Life and Burton Lane on the movie musical Royal Wedding. In that same year Lerner also wrote the Oscar-winning original screenplay for An American in Paris and this was the same team who would later join with Lerner and Loewe to create Gigi. In 1956, Lerner and Loewe unveiled My Fair Lady, before finishing the musical, Lerner was eager to write while My Fair Lady was taking so long to complete. Burton Lane and Lerner were working on a musical about Lil Abner, gabriel Pascal owned the rights to Pygmalion, which had been unsuccessful with other composers who tried to adapt it into a musical
3.
Frederick Loewe
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Frederick Loewe, was an Austrian-American composer. He collaborated with lyricist Alan Jay Lerner on a series of Broadway musicals, including My Fair Lady and Camelot, Loewe was born in Berlin, Germany, to Viennese parents Edmond and Rosa Loewe. His father was a noted Jewish operetta star who performed throughout Europe and in North and South America, frederick Loewe grew up in Berlin and attended a Prussian cadet school from the age of five until he was thirteen. At an early age Loewe learned to play piano by ear and helped his father rehearse and he eventually attended a music conservatory in Berlin, one year behind virtuoso Claudio Arrau, and studied with Ferruccio Busoni and Eugene dAlbert. He won the coveted Hollander Medal awarded by the school and gave performances as a concert pianist while still in Germany, at 13, he was the youngest piano soloist ever to appear with the Berlin Philharmonic. In 1924, his father received an offer to appear in New York City and this proved to be difficult, and he took other odd jobs, including cattle punching, gold mining and prize fighting. He eventually found work playing piano in German clubs in Yorkville, Loewe began to visit the Lambs Club, a hangout for theater performers, producers, managers, and directors. He credited The Lambs for keeping him working until his career expanded and their first collaboration was a musical adaptation of Barry Connors farce The Patsy, called Life of the Party, after a Detroit stock company. It enjoyed a run and encouraged the duo to join forces with Arthur Pierson for Whats Up. which opened on Broadway in 1943. It ran for 63 performances and was followed two years later by The Day Before Spring and their first hit was Brigadoon, a romantic fantasy set in a mystical Scottish village, directed by Robert Lewis. It was followed in 1951 by the less successful Gold Rush story Paint Your Wagon, in 1956, Lerner and Loewes My Fair Lady first appeared. The partnership won the Tony Award for Best Musical, MGM took notice and commissioned them to write the film musical Gigi, which won nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture. Their next Broadway production was Camelot, the production starred Richard Burton, Julie Andrews and Robert Goulet. The trio appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show and sang a few numbers from the musical, along with an appearance by Lerner and Loewe. The following morning the box office was swamped with requests, the following year they collaborated on a musical film version of The Little Prince, based on the classic childrens tale by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. This film was a critical and box office failure, but the soundtrack recording, Loewe was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1972. He remained in Palm Springs, California until his death, and had a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars dedicated to him in 1995 and he was buried in the Desert Memorial Park in Cathedral City, California
4.
Musical theatre
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Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting, and dance. The story and emotional content of a musical – humor, pathos, love, anger – are communicated through the words, music, movement, since the early 20th century, musical theatre stage works have generally been called, simply, musicals. These were followed by the numerous Edwardian musical comedies and the theatre works of American creators like George M. Cohan. Musicals are performed around the world and they may be presented in large venues, such as big-budget Broadway or West End productions in New York City or London. Alternatively, musicals may be staged in smaller fringe theatre, Off-Broadway or regional theatre productions, musicals are often presented by amateur and school groups in churches, schools and other performance spaces. In addition to the United States and Britain, there are vibrant musical theatre scenes in continental Europe, Asia, Australasia, Canada, the three main components of a book musical are its music, lyrics and book. The interpretation of a musical is the responsibility of its team, which includes a director. A musicals production is also characterized by technical aspects, such as set design, costumes, stage properties, lighting. The creative team, designs and interpretations generally change from the production to succeeding productions. Some production elements, however, may be retained from the production, for example. There is no fixed length for a musical, while it can range from a short one-act entertainment to several acts and several hours in length, most musicals range from one and a half to three hours. Musicals are usually presented in two acts, with one intermission, and the first act is frequently longer than the second. A book musical is usually built four to six main theme tunes that are reprised later in the show. Several shorter musicals on Broadway and in the West End have been presented in one act in recent decades, moments of greatest dramatic intensity in a book musical are often performed in song. Proverbially, when the emotion becomes too strong for speech, you sing, typically, many fewer words are sung in a five-minute song than are spoken in a five-minute block of dialogue. Therefore, there is time to develop drama in a musical than in a straight play of equivalent length. Within the compressed nature of a musical, the writers must develop the characters, the material presented in a musical may be original, or it may be adapted from novels, plays, classic legends, historical events or films. On the other hand, many musical theatre works have been adapted for musical films, such as West Side Story, My Fair Lady, The Sound of Music, Oliver
5.
My Fair Lady
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My Fair Lady is a musical based on George Bernard Shaws Pygmalion, with book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. The story concerns Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl who takes speech lessons from professor Henry Higgins, the original Broadway, London and film versions all starred Rex Harrison. The musicals 1956 Broadway production was a critical and popular success. It set a record for the longest run of any show on Broadway up to that time and it was followed by a hit London production, a popular film version, and numerous revivals. My Fair Lady has frequently called the perfect musical. Act I On a rainy night in Edwardian London, opera patrons are waiting under the arches of Covent Garden for cabs, Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl, runs into a young man called Freddy. She admonishes him for spilling her bunches of violets in the mud and she then flies into an angry outburst when a man copying down her speech is pointed out to her. The man explains that he studies phonetics and can identify anyones origin by their accent and he laments Elizas dreadful speech, asking why so many English people dont speak properly and explaining his theory that this is what truly separates social classes, rather than looks or money. He declares that in six months he could turn Eliza into a lady by teaching her to speak properly, the older gentleman introduces himself as Colonel Pickering, a linguist who has studied Indian dialects. The phoneticist introduces himself as Henry Higgins, and, as both have always wanted to meet each other, Higgins invites Pickering to stay at his home in London. He distractedly throws his change into Elizas basket, and she and her friends wonder what it would be like to live a comfortable, Elizas father, Alfred P. Doolittle, and his drinking companions, Harry and Jamie, all dustmen, stop by the next morning. He is searching for money for a drink, and Eliza shares her profits with him, Pickering and Higgins are discussing vowels at Higginss home when Mrs. Pearce, the housekeeper, informs Higgins that a young woman with a ghastly accent has come to see him. It is Eliza, who has come to take speech lessons so she can get a job as an assistant in a florists shop, Pickering wagers that Higgins cannot make good on his claim and volunteers to pay for Elizas lessons. An intensive makeover of Elizas speech, manners and dress begins in preparation for her appearance at the Embassy Ball, Higgins sees himself as a kindhearted, patient man who cannot get along with women. To others he appears self-absorbed and misogynistic, Alfred Doolittle is informed that his daughter has been taken in by Professor Higgins, and considers that he might be able to make a little money from the situation. Doolittle arrives at Higginss house the morning, claiming that Higgins is compromising Elizas virtue. Higgins is impressed by the natural gift for language and brazen lack of moral values. He and Doolittle agree that Eliza can continue to take lessons, Higgins flippantly recommends Doolittle to an American millionaire who has written to Higgins seeking a lecturer on moral values
6.
Camelot (musical)
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Camelot is a musical by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe. It is based on the King Arthur legend as adapted from the T. H. White novel The Once, the original cast album was Americas top-selling LP for 60 weeks. The musical has become associated with the Kennedy Administration, which is referred to as the Camelot era. In 1959, Alan Jay Lerner and Moss Hart decided to adapt T. H. Whites The Once, after the tremendous success of My Fair Lady, expectations were high for a new Lerner and Loewe musical. However, the shows production met several obstacles, Lerners wife left him during the writing process, causing him to seek medical attention and delaying the production. When Camelot began rehearsals, it still needed considerable work, however, the producers were able to secure a strong cast, including Julie Andrews, Richard Burton, and Roddy McDowall, as well as Robert Goulet in his first Broadway role. John Cullum also made his Broadway debut as Sir Dinadan, Bruce Yarnell was Sir Lionel, Cullum later replaced McDowall, and William Squire replaced Burton. Other replacements included Patricia Bredin, Kathryn Grayson and Janet Pavek for Andrews, the show premiered in Toronto, at the OKeefe Centre on October 1,1960. It overran drastically – it was supposed to last two hours forty minutes, and instead clocked in at four and a half hours. The curtain came down at twenty to one in the morning, Lerner later noted that Only Tristan, noël Coward was supposed to have remarked that the show was longer than the Götterdämmerung. and not nearly as funny. In spite of this, the morning papers gave generally positive reviews, soon afterwards, Lerner was hospitalised for three weeks with a bleeding ulcer. Soon after he was discharged, Hart suffered his heart attack. Camelot then moved to Boston, edited, but still running well over the intended length, the production team tried to find another director, even phoning Jose Ferrer, who could not undertake the job. Lerner and Loewe disagreed on how to proceed with the show, Lerner wrote, God knows what would have happened had it not been for Richard Burton. Accepting cuts and changes, he radiated a faith and geniality, after the show opened on Broadway, Hart was released from the hospital, and he and Lerner began cutting the play even further. Two songs, Then You May Take Me To the Fair, the New York critics reviews of the original production were mixed. Fortunately for the show, Ed Sullivan approached Lerner and Loewe to create a segment for his variety program. They decided to do very little from their previous hit and instead to perform four highlights from Camelot, the show stimulated ticket sales, and Camelot achieved an unprecedented advance sale of three and a half million dollars
7.
Brigadoon
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Brigadoon is a musical with a book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner, and music by Frederick Loewe. Songs from the musical, such as Almost Like Being in Love, have become standards, the story involves two American tourists who stumble upon Brigadoon, a mysterious Scottish village that appears for only one day every 100 years. Tommy, one of the tourists, falls in love with Fiona, the original production opened on Broadway in 1947 and ran for 581 performances. It starred David Brooks, Marion Bell, Pamela Britton, in 1949, Brigadoon opened at the West End theatre and ran for 685 performances, and many revivals followed. A1954 film version starred Gene Kelly and Cyd Charisse, inspired by Rodgers and Hammersteins successful collaborations Oklahoma. And Carousel, they created Brigadoon, about a village in the Scottish highlands. And Carousel, Brigadoon included a love story as the main plot. Thematically, the musical depicted the contrast between empty city life and the warmth and simplicity of the country, focusing on a theme of love transcending time, Agnes de Mille, who had previously choreographed Oklahoma. And Carousel, was hired as choreographer, and her work for Brigadoon incorporated elements of traditional Scottish folk dance, a sword dance, a chase scene. Though Lerner and Loewe originally took Brigadoon to producer Billy Rose, Lerner explained the change in producer by saying, The contract which wished us to sign negated Abraham Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation that freed the slaves. Under Loewes guidance, Ted Royal received a sole orchestrator credit for his work on the original production and his atmospheric arrangements have been frequently used for the revivals. Lerner said that in his subsequent research, he found many other legends of disappearing towns in various countries folklore, lerners name for his imaginary locale was probably based on a well-known Scottish landmark, the Brig o Doon. Other sources suggest that the villages name was constructed from the Celtic word briga, which means town and the Scottish Gaelic dùn. The name may refer to the Celtic goddess Brigid. However, the simplest explanation remains the most likely, act I New Yorkers Tommy Albright and Jeff Douglas have traveled to the Scottish Highlands on a game-hunting vacation, but they get lost on their first night out. They begin to hear music coming from a village that does not appear on their map of the area. They head over there to get back to their inn and find a fair in progress. Andrew MacLaren and his daughters arrive at the fair to purchase supplies for younger daughter Jeans wedding to Charlie Dalrymple, Harry Beaton is madly in love with Jean and is depressed at the thought of her marrying another, unable to find comfort in Maggie Andersons devotion to him
8.
Wand'rin' Star
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Wandrin Star was a number one single in the UK and Ireland for Lee Marvin for three weeks in March 1970. It was originally written by Alan J. Lerner and Frederick Loewe for the stage musical Paint Your Wagon in 1951, when the film of the musical was made in 1969, Lee Marvin took the role of prospector Ben Rumson. Not a natural singer, Marvin nevertheless sang all of his songs in the film, despite the film being a box office flop, the soundtrack became a success. Marvin never released a single, so he is considered a one-hit wonder. The song was played at Joe Strummers funeral, a sound-alike cover appeared on the 1970 album Top of the Pops, Volume 10, with one reviewer using terms like laryngitic croak and gargling gargoyles to describe how he felt about the cover. Wandrin Star was covered by English comedian and novelist Julian Clary, his version was released as a single in the United Kingdom in 1990, backed with the self-penned track Uncanny, the song was covered by Shane MacGowan and The Popes on their 1997 album The Crock of Gold. The song was mentioned in the words of Build A Fire by The KLF, the last lines are, Well stop for lunch, in some taco bar. /Lee Marvin on the jukebox, Wandrin Star
9.
I Could Have Danced All Night
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I Could Have Danced All Night is a song from the musical My Fair Lady, with music written by Frederick Loewe and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner, published in 1956. The song is sung by the heroine, Eliza Doolittle, expressing her exhilaration. In a counterpoint during the second of 3 rounds, two maids and the housekeeper, Mrs. Pearce, urge Eliza to go to bed and it was first performed by Julie Andrews in the original Broadway production of My Fair Lady. In the 1964 film adaptation of the musical, the song was sung by Marni Nixon, dubbing the voice of Audrey Hepburn. In 2004, Nixons version finished at #17 on AFIs 100 Years.100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. Hit versions of the song were recorded by Sylvia Syms, Dinah Shore, Angélica María, Ben E. King as an ATCO single, Frank Sinatra, Rosemary Clooney, and Jamie Cullum. It was featured in The Birdcage sung by Nathan Lane, Hank Azaria, Gene Hackman, Robin Williams, many actresses have also sung the song in the stage version of the musical including Martine McCutcheon, Laura Michelle Kelly, Amy Nuttall and Lisa OHare. Peggy Lee did a Cha-cha-cha version on her 1960 album Latin ala Lee, andy Williams covered the song on his 1964 album The Great Songs from My Fair Lady and Other Broadway Hits. Shirley Bassey recorded and released this song on two 1965 albums, including Shirley Stops The Shows released in the UK, and Shirley Bassey Belts The Best released in the USA, petula Clark recorded a version for her 1968 album The Other Mans Grass Is Always Greener. The song was performed by Jane Powell in the 1959 NBC television special Sunday Showcase Give My Regards to Broadway, in 1976, Florence Henderson performed the song on The Brady Bunch Variety Hour. The song was performed by Jayma Mays as her character Emma Pillsbury on the FOX television show Glee in the episode Mash-Up, I Could Have Danced All Night was performed by young British soprano Hollie Steel during her audition on Britains Got Talent. She later recorded the song on her debut album, noted Wagnerian soprano Birgit Nilsson recorded the song for the 1960 gala performance recording of Johann Strausss operetta Die Fledermaus on the Decca/London label. Herbert von Karajan conducted the recording of the operetta, but the conductor of this excerpt, lauren Samuels Frank Sinatra - I Could Have Danced All Night - feat. Billy May and His Orchestra on YouTube, Frank Sinatra feat, billy May & His Orchestra Mantovani - I Could Have Danced All Night on YouTube, Mantovani & His Orchestra Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
10.
Lambs Club
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The Lambs, Inc. is a social club in New York City for actors, songwriters, and others involved in the theater. It is Americas oldest theatrical organization, the Lambs is a registered trademark of The Lambs, Inc. and the club has been commonly referred to as The Lambs Club and The Lambs Theater since 1874. In 1868, The Lambs was founded in London by actors, led by John Hare, several of those, most notably Henry James Montague, came to the United States and formed The Lambs of New York during Christmas week of 1874. It was incorporated in 1877 in New York City, shortly afterward, the London Lambs closed. The clubs name honors the essayist Charles Lamb and his sister Mary, in 1924 they celebrated their golden jubilee at the Earl Carroll Theatre. The Lambs, the New York Friars Club, and The Players in New York are often confused, the president of The Lambs is called The Shepherd. The Club displays the portraits of all its presidents, painted by such as James Montgomery Flagg. In 1905 at 128–130 West 44th Street, in a designed by Stanford White. Until 1974 the Club remained at the building at 128 West 44th Street, the building was designed by architect Stanford White, and was erected in 1904–1905, the expanded in 1915 to include 132 West 44th Street. The church leased part of the building for what would become the Off Broadway Lambs Theatre which is not related to the Club except for the name of the building. The building was designated a New York City Landmark in September 1974, in 2006 the Church of the Nazarene sold the building and theatre, which has been renovated by the Chatwal Hotel. They operate a restaurant in the hotel and named it The Lambs Club although there is no relation between the hotel and The Lambs other than what was left of the building. The Lambs, Inc. is still active in its quarters at 3 West 51st Street adjacent to Rockefeller Center. Its members have been instrumental in the formation of ASCAP, Actors Equity and The Actors Fund of America, of the first 21 Council members of Actors Equity,20 were members of The Lambs. Historically, The Lambs has been the ground of plays. Mark Twain Tonight and Stalag 17 were first performed at The Lambs prior to their national successes, alan J. Lerner and Frederick Loewe first met at The Lambs, often trying works-in-progress on their fellow Lambs. Loewe left a percentage of his share of Brigadoon royalties to The Lambs Foundation, since its founding, there have been more than 6,000 Lambs including Spencer Tracy, Fred Astaire, Irving Berlin, George M. Cohan, W. C. Fields, Will Rogers, John Philip Sousa, Fred Waring and Albert Hague, current members include Joyce Randolph of The Honeymooners, Jim Dale, Matthew Broderick, and the Tony Award-winning conductor/arranger Donald Pippin
11.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
12.
Musical film
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The musical film is a film genre in which songs sung by the characters are interwoven into the narrative, sometimes accompanied by dancing. The songs usually advance the plot or develop the characters, though in some cases they serve merely as breaks in the storyline. The musical film was a development of the stage musical after the emergence of sound film technology. Typically, the biggest difference between film and stage musicals is the use of background scenery and locations that would be impractical in a theater. Musical films characteristically contain elements reminiscent of theater, performers often treat their song, in a sense, the viewer becomes the diegetic audience, as the performer looks directly into the camera and performs to it. The 1930s through the early 1950s are considered to be the age of the musical film. Musical short films were made by Lee de Forest in 1923–24, beginning in 1926, thousands of Vitaphone shorts were made, many featuring bands, vocalists and dancers. The Jazz Singer, released in 1927 by Warner Brothers, was the first to include a track including non-diegetic music and diegetic music. This feature-length film was also a musical, featuring Al Jolson singing Dirty Hands, Dirty Face, Toot, Toot, Tootsie, Blue Skies and My Mammy. Historian Scott Eyman wrote, As the film ended and applause grew with the houselights and she saw terror in all their faces, she said, as if they knew that the game they had been playing for years was finally over. Still, only isolated sequences featured live sound, most of the film had only a musical score. In 1928, Warner Brothers followed this up with another Jolson part-talkie, The Singing Fool, theaters scrambled to install the new sound equipment and to hire Broadway composers to write musicals for the screen. The first all-talking feature, Lights of New York, included a sequence in a night club. The enthusiasm of audiences was so great that in less than an all the major studios were making sound pictures exclusively. The Broadway Melody had a plot about two sisters competing for a charming song-and-dance man. Advertised by MGM as the first All-Talking, All-Singing, All-Dancing feature film, it was a hit, there was a rush by the studios to hire talent from the stage to star in lavishly filmed versions of Broadway hits. The Love Parade starred Maurice Chevalier and newcomer Jeanette MacDonald, written by Broadway veteran Guy Bolton, Warner Brothers produced the first screen operetta, The Desert Song in 1929. They spared no expense and photographed a large percentage of the film in Technicolor and this was followed by the first all-color, all-talking musical feature which was entitled On with the Show
13.
The Little Prince (1974 film)
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The Little Prince is a 1974 British-American fantasy-musical film with screenplay and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner, music by Frederick Loewe. The film and its music were unsuccessful at the box office but became popular after its theatrical run. The original Little Prince novella was first published in 1943, and is the most famous work of the French aristocrat, writer, poet and pioneering aviator Count Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. It is a poetic tale self-illustrated in watercolours in which a pilot stranded in the meets a young prince fallen to Earth from a tiny asteroid. The story is philosophical and includes societal criticism, remarking on the strangeness of the adult world, though ostensibly a childrens book, The Little Prince makes several profound and idealistic observations about life and human nature. For example, Saint-Exupéry tells of a fox meeting the young prince during his travels on Earth, the storys essence is contained in the lines uttered by the fox to the little prince, On ne voit bien quavec le cœur. Lessentiel est invisible pour les yeux, the Foxs messages are arguably the most famous because of their nature of dealing with relationships. It would be first published in early 1943 in both English and French, but only in the U. S and it would later appear in his native homeland of France posthumously, after the liberation of Paris, as all of Saint-Exupérys works had been banned in Nazi-occupied France. Since first being published the novella has been adapted to various media over the decades, including recordings, stage, ballet. The fantasy-musical film adaptation of The Little Prince was directed and produced by Stanley Donen, and stars Steven Warner in the title role, with Richard Kiley as the aviator, titled as The Pilot. Additional cast members included Bob Fosse as The Snake, Gene Wilder as The Fox, Donna McKechnie as the petulant, vain Rose, Joss Ackland as The King, the films desert sequences were shot on location in Tunisia. The production was Lerner and Loewes final musical, the musics creative team were dissatisfied with the films Hollywood treatment, with Loewe refusing to visit London to supervise the arrangement and recording of the score. Based in the 1943 classic book of the name by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. There he is befriended by a boy, the Little Prince. In the days that follow, The Pilot hears about his past, as he travels through space, the Little Prince encounters several strange grown-ups on different planetoids, all with a skewed or curious way of looking at life. But it is not until he finally reaches Earth, that the Little Prince learns his most important life lessons of all, mainly from The Fox, before the Little Prince dies, he shares those lessons with The Pilot. Soon The Pilot is able to start his plane and flies away but hears the laughter of the Little Prince in the starry night, burton had had a huge success on Broadway with Lerner and Loewes musical production Camelot, but turned down the role in Little Prince. In 1973, Lerner and Loewe recorded the score at the Palm Springs Desert Museum, with Lerner on vocals and it included Matters of Consequence, which was cut from the film
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CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
15.
What's My Line?
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Whats My Line. is a panel game show which originally ran in the United States on the CBS Television Network from 1950 to 1967, with several international versions and subsequent U. S. revivals. It is the longest-running U. S. primetime network television game-show, after its cancellation by CBS in 1967, it returned in syndication as a daily production, moderated originally by Wally Bruner and later by Larry Blyden, which ran from 1968 to 1975. There have been international versions, radio versions, and a live stage version. In 2013, TV Guide ranked it #9 in its list of the 60 greatest game shows ever, produced by Mark Goodson and Bill Todman for CBS Television, the show was initially called Occupation Unknown before deciding on the name Whats My Line. The original series, which was usually broadcast live, debuted on Thursday, February 2,1950 and this was then state-of-the-art technology, and Daly praised it upon his return from Moscow. In such instances, there would often be two shows a day, the one, followed immediately by the live one. The cast and crew began taking Summer breaks from the show in July 1961, the host, then called the moderator, was veteran radio and television newsman John Charles Daly. Clifton Fadiman, Eamonn Andrews, and Random House co-founding publisher, the show featured a panel of four celebrities who questioned the contestants. On the initial program of February 2,1950, the panel was former New Jersey governor Harold Hoffman, columnist Dorothy Kilgallen, poet Louis Untermeyer, and psychiatrist Richard Hoffmann. At various times, a regular panelist might take a vacation or be absent from an episode to due outside commitments, on these occasions, the most frequent guest panelist was Arlene Franciss husband Martin Gabel, who appeared 112 times over the years. Publisher Bennett Cerf replaced Untermeyer as a regular panelist in 1951, Allen left in 1954 to launch The Tonight Show, and he was replaced by comedian Fred Allen, who remained on the panel until his death in 1956. Following Fred Allens death, he was not replaced on a permanent basis, for the majority of the shows network run, between 1956 and 1965, the panel therefore consisted of Kilgallen, Cerf, Francis and a fourth guest panelist. After Kilgallens death in 1965, she was not replaced with a permanent panelist. For the shows final two years, the panel consisted of Cerf, Francis and two guests, Whats My Line. was a guessing game in which the four panelists attempted to determine the occupation of a guest. In the case of the mystery guest each week, the panel sought to determine the identity of the contestant. Panelists were required to probe by asking only yes-no questions, a typical episode featured two standard rounds plus one mystery guest round. On the occasions on which there were two guests, the first would usually appear as the first contestant. For the first few seasons, the contestant would first meet the panel up close, for an inspection
16.
Kennedy Center Honors
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The Kennedy Center Honors is an annual honor given to those in the performing arts for their lifetime of contributions to American culture. The Honors have been presented annually since 1978, culminating each December in a gala celebrating the Honorees in the Kennedy Center Opera House. George Stevens, Jr. created the Kennedy Center Honours with the late Nick Vanoff and he was the producer and co-writer through the 2014 awards, after which he sold the production rights to the Kennedy Center. The Kennedy Center Honors started in 1977, after that years 10th-anniversary White House reception, Roger L. Stevens, the founding chairman of the Kennedy Center, asked George Stevens, Jr. the founding director of the AFI, to hold an event for the Center. George Stevens asked Isaac Stern to become involved, and then pitched the idea to the television network CBS, with the announcement of the first honors event and honorees, CBS vice president for specials Bernie Sofronski stated, George came to us with this. What turned us on is that this is the show of its kind. In Europe and most countries, they have ways of honoring their actors, england has its command performances for the queen. We see this as a national honoring of people who have contributed to society, were going to make an effort in terms of a real special. The first host was Leonard Bernstein in 1978, followed by Eric Sevareid in 1979, walter Cronkite hosted from 1981 to 2002 and Caroline Kennedy hosted from 2003 until 2012. Glenn Close was host in 2013 and Stephen Colbert has hosted since 2014, ricky Kirshner and Glenn Weiss of White Cherry Entertainment were selected as Executive Producers of the 38th annual Kennedy Center Honors after George Stevens, Jr. stepped down. This is one of the few shows that does not air live. The Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees selects the Honoree recipients based on excellence in music, dance, theater, opera, the invitation-only weekend-long ceremony includes the Chairmans Luncheon, State Department dinner, White House reception and the Honors gala performances and supper. Surrounded by the Honorees, the luncheon is held on Saturday at the Kennedy Center, on Sunday, there is an early-evening White House reception hosted by the President of the United States and the First Lady, followed by the Honors gala performance at the Kennedy Center and supper. For the 2015 gala performance, President Barack Obama did attend, bush did not attend in December 1989 and President Bill Clinton did not attend in 1994. There have been 200 recipients to date of the Kennedy Center Honors Awards during the Honors 39 years, the vast majority have been bestowed on individuals. Nathan Milstein, and Alwin Nikolais 1988 — Alvin Ailey, George Burns, Myrna Loy, Alexander Schneider, actress Katharine Hepburn declined the committees first offer, though she relented in 1990. Doris Day repeatedly turned down the honors because her fear of flying prevented her from attending the ceremony, when considering Irving Berlin for the 1987 awards because of criticism for overlooking him, the Center was informed that Berlin wanted to be honored only if he surpassed his 100th birthday. Also, he was in failing health, being confined to a following a series of strokes
17.
Paint Your Wagon (musical)
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Paint Your Wagon is a Broadway musical comedy, with book and lyrics by Alan J. Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. The story centers on a miner and his daughter and follows the lives and loves of the people in a camp in Gold Rush-era California. Popular songs from the show included Wandrin Star, I Talk to the Trees, the musical ran on Broadway in 1951 and in the West End in 1953. In 1969 the film also titled Paint Your Wagon was released. It had a revised plot and some new songs composed by Lerner. Act I In the California Wilderness in May 1853, a crusty old miner, meanwhile, his 16-year-old daughter Jennifer discovers gold dust. Ben claims the land, and prospectors start flocking to the new town of Rumson. Two months later Rumson has a population of 400, all of whom are men except for Jennifer, prospector Jake Whippany is waiting to save enough money to send for Cherry and her Fandango girls, while Jennifer senses the tension building in town. Julio Valveras, a young miner forced to live and work outside of town because he is Mexican, comes to town with dirty laundry and runs into Jennifer. They also talk to each other, Steve Bulmarck and the other men ponder the lonely nomadic life they lead in the song They Call the Wind Maria. Two months later the men want Ben to send Jennifer away, Jennifer is in love with Julio, and when Ben sees Jennifer dancing with Julios clothes, he decides to send her East on the next stage. Jacob Woodling, a Mormon man with two wives, Sarah and Elizabeth, arrives in Rumson where the men demand Jacob sell one of his wives, to his surprise, Ben finds himself wooing Elizabeth and wins her for $800. Jennifer is disgusted by her fathers actions and runs away, telling Julio that she will be reunited with him in a years time, Cherry and her Fandango girls arrive. Julio learns his claim is running dry which means he has to move on to make a living, act II A year later in October, the miners celebrate the high times in Rumson now that the Fandango girls are around. Edgar Crocker, a miner who has saved his money, falls for Elizabeth and she responds, another miner, Mike Mooney, tells Julio about a lake that has gold dust on the bottom and he considers looking for it. Jennifer returns in December, having learned civilized ways back East, Ben tells his daughter that he will soon be moving on since he was not meant to stay in one place for long. The next day as Cherry and the girls are packing to leave they tell her about Julio leaving to find the lake with a bottom of gold, Raymond Janney offers to buy Elizabeth from Ben for $3,000, but she runs off with Edgar Crocker. Late in April, Julio appears, a broken man, the now dying Ben welcomes him and Julio is amazed to see Jennifer is there
18.
Gigi (musical)
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Gigi is a musical with a book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. It is based on the novella Gigi by Colette and 1958 hit musical film of the same name, the story concerns Gigi, a free-spirited teenaged girl living in Paris at the turn of the 20th century. She is being groomed as a courtesan in her familys tradition, before she is deemed ready for her social debut, she encounters the bon vivant bachelor Gaston Lachaille, whom she captivates as she is transformed into a charmingly poised young lady. The original Broadway production, produced by Edwin Lester in 1973, ran for a disappointing 103 performances, a West End production played in 1985. Gigi originated as a 1945 novella by Colette, which was adapted for the screen with Danièle Delorme in 1948, in 1951 Anita Loos adapted the novel for the stage, and the Broadway production of Gigi starred Audrey Hepburn in her first major role. Seven years later, while My Fair Lady was in Philadelphia prior to its Broadway opening, although Loewe had vowed never to work in movies, he was charmed by the book and agreed to collaborate on the project. The 1958 film of Gigi proved to be a critical and commercial success. Edwin Lester, founder of the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera, asked for a version of the film Gigi. They added four songs and a ballet for the stage adaptation, Gigi premiered at the Curran Theatre, San Francisco, on May 15,1973, and then embarked on a six-month tour. The musical opened on Broadway on November 13,1973 at the Uris Theatre, arlene Francis replaced the ailing Moorehead later in the run. An original cast recording was released by RCA Victor, louis Jourdan starred in a production that toured the United States in the mid 1980s, not in his original role as Gaston, but rather as Honoré. The West End production opened on 17 September 1985 at the Lyric Theatre, the cast included Amanda Waring as Gigi and Geoffrey Burridge as Gaston, with Beryl Reid as Mamita, Siân Phillips as Aunt Alicia, and Jean-Pierre Aumont as Honoré. A London cast album was released by First Night Records, Vanessa Hudgens plays the role of Gigi. On January 14,2015, it was announced that the Kennedy Center production of Gigi would transfer to Broadway with a cast led by Vanessa Hudgens, the production began previews on March 19,2015 at the Neil Simon Theatre and officially opened on April 8. The production closed on June 21,2015, a National Tour is also scheduled in the 2016-2017 season, and will be available for licensing from Tams-Witmark Music Library. A Broadway Cast Album, produced and engineered by six-time Grammy winner Frank Filipetti, was released on DMI records in June 2015, Honoré Lachaille explains that in turn-of-the-20th-century Paris, marriage is not the only option. His nephew Gaston is a bon vivant, much like his uncle. But Gaston is bored with the life and his series of mistresses
19.
Brigadoon (film)
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Brigadoon is a 1954 MGM musical feature film made in CinemaScope and Ansco Color based on the Broadway musical of the same name by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe. The film was directed by Vincente Minnelli and stars Gene Kelly, Van Johnson, Brigadoon has been broadcast on American television and is available in VHS and DVD formats. The 1954 film is not to be confused with the 1966 television film of the same title, the 1966 film was directed by Fielder Cook and stars Robert Goulet, Peter Falk, and Sally Ann Howes. It won five Primetime Emmy Awards, americans Tommy Albright and Jeff Douglas are on a hunting trip in Scotland and become lost in the woodlands. They happen upon Brigadoon, a miraculously blessed village that rises out of the mists every hundred years for only a day, Tommy falls in love with village lass Fiona Campbell, whose younger sister Jean, is about to be married to Charlie Dalrymple. That evening, Mr. Lundie officiates at the wedding of Jean and Charlie, interrupting the wedding, the jealous Harry Beaton announces he is leaving Brigadoon to make everything disappear, since the girl he loves, Jean, is marrying another man. Harrys words cause mass chaos among the townspeople and they all rush to stop him, Harry almost crosses the bridge but is stopped short by Tommy, who is knocked unconscious. With men closing in on him, Harry climbs up a tree to hide but is shot accidentally by Jeff. Harry falls dead to the ground and is found by the men. Fiona frantically searches to find Tommy, confessing their love for each other, they decide to marry, allowing Tommy to stay in Brigadoon for good. But while Fiona goes off to find Mr. Lundie, Tommy tells Jeff about his plan, Jeff, drunk and remorseful of accidentally killing Harry, tells Tommy he cant just leave everything in the real world behind for this girl hes only known a day. Fiona returns with Mr. Lundie, but Tommy confesses that he cannot stay, Fiona says she understands but is heartbroken and they say good-bye before Brigadoon completely disappears. Tommy and Jeff cross the bridge and walk away, back in New York City, Tommy can think only of Fiona. Unable even to talk with his fiancee, Tommy ends his relationship with her and calls Jeff and he and Jeff return to the same spot where they were lost, though Jeff reminds him again the village will not be there. But suddenly Tommy sees lights start to appear through the mist, Brigadoon reappears and Tommy gets to the foot of the bridge to see Mr. Lundie half-awake on the other side saying, Tommy, lad, you. My, my, you must really love her, Tommy seems stunned that Brigadoon has been brought back, but Mr. Lundie reminds him, I told ye, if you love someone deeply enough, anything is possible. Tommy then runs across the bridge and reunites with Fiona as the village fades back into the mist, according to the press, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer paid a fortune for the rights, and Gene Kelly and Kathryn Grayson were named in the leads a month later. By the time they were cast, a script was not written yet, furthermore, Alec Guinness was also set for a role and David Wayne, Moira Shearer and Donald OConnor were under consideration for one
20.
Gigi (1958 film)
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Gigi is a 1958 American musical-romance film directed by Vincente Minnelli processed using MGMs Metrocolor. The screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner is based on the 1944 novella of the name by Colette. The film features songs with lyrics by Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe, in 1991, Gigi was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. The American Film Institute ranked it #35 in AFIs 100 Years.100 Passions, set in turn-of-the-20th century Paris, the film opens with Honoré Lachaille who is surrounded by members of high society in the Bois de Boulogne. Being a charming old roué, he remarks that in Paris, marriage is not the option for wealthy young bon vivants like his nephew Gaston. The one thing Gaston truly enjoys is spending time with Madame Alvarez, whom he calls Mamita, and especially her granddaughter, following the family tradition, Madame Alvarez sends Gigi to her Great Aunt Alicia, to be groomed as a courtesan to learn etiquette and charm. To Alicia, love is an art, and a necessary accomplishment for Gigis social, but Gigi shows disdain for such trivial love that a man and his mistress usually have. Remaining true to her girlish, yet charming personality, she finds herself having the most fun when she is with Gaston, like his uncle, Gaston is known as a wealthy womanizer. The whole of Paris watches his every move, and Parisian high society shows unrestrained judgment towards him, Gastons latest mistress attempts to run off with her ice skating instructor. As a response, he humiliates her, resulting in her attempted suicide. After this ordeal, Gaston wishes to retreat to the country, Gigi makes a wager during a card match with Gaston, suggesting that if he loses, he has to take her and her grandmother to the sea with him when he goes on vacation. Gaston agrees, and they all travel to the country, while Gaston and Gigi spend countless hours having fun together, Honoré and Madame Alvarez reveal their once-passionate relationship. Once Gigi and her return to Paris, Gaston goes to Monte Carlo for some time. During this time, Gigis aunt and grandmother discuss the possibility of Gigi becoming Gastons mistress, Madame Alvarez, though dubious at first, agrees to let Gigi train around the clock to prepare for Gastons return. Gigi accepts this as a necessary evil, when Gaston returns, he is surprised and discomfited when Gigi appears in her new, adult dress. Gaston stammers out that she looks like a giraffe and that he misses her old outfits and he storms out, realises his folly, and rushes back to apologize. He tells her that she looks lovely, and says that he prove it to her by taking her to tea at the Reservoir. Gigis grandmother refuses and tells Gaston that this may ruin her reputation to be seen unchaperoned with Gaston before her reputation has even begun, Gaston, angered, storms out once again
21.
My Fair Lady (film)
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My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw. The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively, with Stanley Holloway, Gladys Cooper, a critical and commercial success, it won eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor, and Best Director. In Edwardian London, Professor Henry Higgins, a scholar of phonetics, believes that the accent, Higgins selects as an example a young flower seller, Eliza Doolittle, who has a strong Cockney accent. Elizas ambition is to work in a shop, but her thick accent makes her unsuitable. Having come from India to meet Higgins, Pickering is invited to stay with the professor, the following morning, Eliza shows up at Higgins home, seeking lessons. Pickering is intrigued and offers to cover all expenses if the experiment should be successful, Higgins is impressed by the mans honesty, his natural gift for language, and especially his brazen lack of morals. Higgins recommends Alfred to a wealthy American who is interested in morality, Eliza goes through many forms of speech training, such as speaking with marbles in her mouth, enduring Higgins harsh approach to teaching and his treatment of her personally. She makes little progress, but just as she, Higgins, as a test, Higgins takes her to Ascot Racecourse, where she makes a good impression initially, only to shock everyone by a sudden lapse into vulgar Cockney while cheering on a horse. Higgins, who dislikes the pretentiousness of the class, partly conceals a grin behind his hand. Eliza poses as a lady at an embassy ball and even dances with a foreign prince. At the ball is Zoltan Karpathy, a Hungarian phonetics expert trained by Higgins, after a brief conversation with Eliza, he certifies that she is not only Hungarian, but of royal blood, declaring her to be a Princess. After all the effort she has put in, however, Eliza is given any credit. Accompanied by Freddy Eynsford-Hill, a man she met at Ascot and who is charmed by her, Eliza returns to her old life. She meets her father, who has left a large fortune by the wealthy American to whom Higgins had recommended him. Alfred feels that Higgins has ruined him, since he is now bound by morals, eventually, Eliza ends up visiting Higgins mother, who is incensed at her sons behaviour. The next day, Higgins finds Eliza gone and searches for her, Higgins attempts to talk Eliza into coming back to him. He becomes angered when Eliza announces that she is going to marry Freddy and he makes his way home, stubbornly predicting that she will come crawling back. However, he comes to the realization that he has grown accustomed to her face, Henry returns to his study to lament his loneliness
22.
Camelot (film)
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Camelot is a 1967 American musical drama film directed by Joshua Logan and starring Richard Harris as King Arthur, Vanessa Redgrave as Guenevere, and Franco Nero as Lancelot. The film is an adaptation of the musical by Alan Jay Lerner. In the opening scene, King Arthur is preparing for a battle against his friend, Sir Lancelot. Arthur reflects on the sad circumstances which have led him to this situation, Merlyn appears to him and tells Arthur to think back. Arthur thinks back to the night of his marriage to his now-estranged wife and it is an arranged marriage, and he has never met her before. He is understandably afraid of what lies ahead and his solitude is broken by Guenevere and her entourage. Guenevere is also worried about marrying a man she has never met, like Arthur, she flees from her entourage to reflect on her future. Arthur accidentally falls out of the tree in which he is hiding and he and Guenevere converse, as she does not know his true identity, and realize they have things in common. Arthur tells her what a wonderful place his kingdom is and they almost kiss, the kings identity is revealed, and although Arthur gives Guenevere the chance to leave she gladly goes back with him to be married. The plot shifts to five years later, knights are shown gathering from all over England. The plot shifts another five years, and word of Arthurs Round Table spreads to France, inspired by Arthur’s ideas, the self-righteous French knight Lancelot makes his way to England with his squire Dep, boasting of his superior virtues. Lancelots prowess impresses Arthur and they become friends, but many of the knights despise Lancelot for his self-righteousness. Guenevere also dislikes Lancelot at first, and, to Arthurs chagrin, however, the plan goes awry as Lancelot easily defeats all three, almost killing Sir Dinadan. A horrified Lancelot pleads for Sir Dinadan to live, and as he lays hands on him, Guenevere is so impressed that her feelings for Lancelot begin to change. Soon afterwards, it is revealed that, despite his vows of celibacy, Lancelot is in love with Guenevere, leading to the love triangle involving Arthur, Guenevere. Guenevere knows it is wrong and tries to get Lancelot out of her life, Arthur realizes something is going on between Lancelot and Guenevere but cannot bring himself to alienate either of them, and so turns a blind eye. All this takes its toll on Arthurs disposition, and Guenevere tries, mordred cunningly convinces Arthur to stay out hunting all night as a test, knowing Lancelot will visit Guenevere in her bedchamber. Guenevere admits her feelings for Lancelot but still feels guilty, mordred rouses several knights and they catch the lovers together, as he planned
23.
Paint Your Wagon (film)
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Paint Your Wagon is a 1969 Western musical film starring Lee Marvin, Clint Eastwood, and Jean Seberg. The film was adapted by Paddy Chayefsky from the 1951 musical Paint Your Wagon by Lerner and it is set in a mining camp in Gold Rush-era California. It was directed by Joshua Logan, when a wagon crashes into a ravine, prospector Ben Rumson finds two adult male occupants, brothers, one of whom is dead and the other of whom has a broken arm and leg. As the first man is about to be buried, gold dust is discovered at the grave site, Ben stakes a claim on the land and adopts the surviving brother as his Pardner while he recuperates. Pardner is initially innocent and romantic, illustrated by him singing a love song about a girl named Elisa. Pardner is a farmer who hopes to make enough in the rush to buy some land. Ben claims that while he is willing to fight, steal, Ben will share the spoils of prospecting on the condition that Pardner takes care of him in his moments of drunkenness and melancholy. After the discovery of gold, No Name City springs up as a tent city with the miners alternating between wild parties and bouts of melancholy. The men become frustrated with the lack of female companionship, so the arrival of a Mormon, Jacob Woodling. The miners claim it is unfair for the Mormon to have two wives when they have none and they persuade him to sell one of his wives to the highest bidder. Elizabeth, Jacobs younger and more rebellious wife, agrees to be based on the reasoning that whatever she gets. A drunken Ben winds up with the highest bid for Elizabeth, Ben is readied for the wedding by the other miners, and is married to Elizabeth under mining law, with Ben being granted exclusive rights to all her mineral resources. Elizabeth, not content to be treated as property, threatens to shoot Ben on their wedding night if she is not treated with respect. While she believes Ben is not the type to truly settle down, Ben is impressed by Elizabeths determination. He enlists the miners to keep this promise, and Elizabeth rejoices in having a proper home, sensing the other miners becoming obsessed with her, Ben is consumed by jealousy and paranoia. The town will prosper with additional sources of income as other miners from outlying regions will likely be willing to spend their money in No Name City if it means a chance to visit prostitutes, Ben heads up the mission and leaves Elizabeth in the care of Pardner. The two fall in love, whereupon Elizabeth, saying she still loves Ben, convinces them that if a Mormon man can have two wives, why cant a woman have two husbands. As the town booms, the arrangement with Ben, Pardner, but soon the town becomes large enough that more civilized people from the East begin to settle there
24.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
25.
Eliza Doolittle
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Eliza Doolittle is a fictional character from London who appears in the play Pygmalion and the musical version of that play, My Fair Lady. Eliza is a Cockney flower girl, who comes to Professor Henry Higgins asking for elocution lessons, Higgins goes along with it for the purposes of a wager, That he can turn her into the toast of elite London society. Her Cockney dialect includes words that are common among working class Londoners, such as aint, Doolittle receives voice coaching and learns the rules of etiquette. The outcome of these attentions varies between the play and the various adaptations. The part of Eliza was originally played by Mrs Patrick Campbell, shaw had written the role for her, and although many considered her too old for the role she triumphed. The unprecedented use of the word bloody - as a scripted intensive - caused a sensation when Campbell delivered it and her performance served as the definitive film portrayal until Audrey Hepburn played the role in the highly successful 1964 film musical My Fair Lady. Julie Andrews originated the musical version of Doolittle on stage in My Fair Lady, Harrison went on to reprise his role in the 1964 film alongside Audrey Hepburn as Doolittle. At the 37th Academy Awards, the award for Best Actress went to Andrews for her performance as Mary Poppins, despite this, many critics greatly applauded Hepburns exquisite performance. The happiest thing about, wrote Bosley Crowther, is that Audrey Hepburn superbly justifies the decision of Jack Warner to get her to play the title role. Her co-star Rex Harrison, also called Hepburn his favourite leading lady and she is Eliza for the ages, while adding, Everyone agreed that if Julie Andrews was not to be in the film, Audrey Hepburn was the perfect choice. Martine McCutcheon played the role in the 2001 London revival of My Fair Lady, one of the understudies was then-unknown First Lady of the West End Kerry Ellis. ELIZA, an intelligence program named after the character
26.
Pygmalion (play)
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Pygmalion is a play by George Bernard Shaw, named after a Greek mythological figure. It was first presented on stage to the public in 1913, the play is a sharp lampoon of the rigid British class system of the day and a commentary on womens independence. In ancient Greek mythology, Pygmalion fell in love one of his sculptures. Shaw would also have been familiar with the version, Galatea. Shaws play has been adapted numerous times, most notably as the musical My Fair Lady, Shaw wrote the play in early 1912 and read it to famed actress Mrs. Patrick Campbell in June. She came on board almost immediately, but her mild nervous breakdown contributed to the delay of a London production, Pygmalion premiered at the Hofburg Theatre in Vienna on 16 October 1913, in a German translation by Shaws Viennese literary agent and acolyte, Siegfried Trebitsch. Its first New York production opened on 24 March 1914 at the German-language Irving Place Theatre and it opened in London on 11 April 1914, at Sir Herbert Beerbohm Trees His Majestys Theatre and starred Mrs. Campbell as Eliza and Tree as Higgins, running for 118 performances. Shaw directed the actors through tempestuous rehearsals often punctuated by at least one of the two storming out of the theatre in a rage, Shaw was conscious of the difficulties involved in staging a complete representation of the play. Of these, a scene at the end of Act One in which Eliza goes home. The others are the scene at the Embassy Ball in Act Three, neither the Gutenberg edition referenced throughout this page nor the Wikisource text linked below contain these sequences. Portico of Saint Pauls Church –11. 15p. m, a group of people are sheltering from the rain. Among them are the Eynsford-Hills, superficial social climbers eking out a living in poverty, consisting initially of Mrs. Eynsford-Hill. Claras brother Freddy enters having earlier been dispatched to them a cab. As he goes off again to find a cab, he bumps into a flower girl. Her flowers drop into the mud of Covent Garden, the flowers she needs to survive in her poverty-stricken world, shortly they are joined by a gentleman, Colonel Pickering. While Eliza tries to sell flowers to the Colonel, a bystander informs her that a man is writing down everything she says, the man is Henry Higgins, a professor of phonetics. Eliza worries that Higgins is an officer and will not calm down until Higgins introduces himself. Higgins tells Pickering that he could pass off the girl as a duchess merely by teaching her to speak properly
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George Bernard Shaw
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He wrote more than sixty plays, including major works such as Man and Superman, Pygmalion and Saint Joan. With a range incorporating both contemporary satire and historical allegory, Shaw became the leading dramatist of his generation, born in Dublin, Shaw moved to London in 1873, where he established himself as a writer and novelist. By the mid-1880s he was a theatre and music critic. Following a political awakening, he joined the gradualist Fabian Society, Shaw had been writing plays for years before his first public success, 1894s Arms and the Man. Influenced by Henrik Ibsen, he sought to introduce a new realism into English-language drama, using his plays as vehicles to disseminate his political, social and religious ideas. By the early twentieth century his reputation as a dramatist was secured with a series of critical and popular successes that included Major Barbara, The Doctors Dilemma and Caesar, Shaws expressed views were often contentious, he promoted eugenics and alphabet reform while opposing vaccination and organised religion. He courted unpopularity by denouncing both sides in the First World War as equally culpable and he castigated British policy on Ireland in the postwar period, and became a citizen of the Irish Free State in 1934, maintaining dual citizenship. He was prolific, finishing during the years a series of often ambitious plays which achieved varying degrees of popular success. Since Shaws death, opinion has varied about his works and he has at times been rated as second only to William Shakespeare among English-language dramatists, analysts recognise his extensive influence on generations of playwrights. The word Shavian has entered the language as encapsulating Shaws ideas, Shaw was born at 3 Upper Synge Street in Portobello, a lower-middle-class part of Dublin. He was the youngest child and only son of George Carr Shaw and his elder siblings were Lucinda Frances and Elinor Agnes. The Shaw family was of English descent and belonged to the dominant Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland, George Carr Shaw and his relatives secured him a sinecure in the civil service, from which he was pensioned off in the early 1850s, thereafter he worked irregularly as a corn merchant. In 1852 he married Bessie Gurly, in the view of Shaws biographer Michael Holroyd she married to escape a tyrannical great-aunt, if, as Holroyd and others surmise, Georges motives were mercenary, then he was disappointed, as Bessie brought him little of her familys money. She came to despise her ineffectual and often drunken husband, with whom she shared what their son later described as a life of shabby-genteel poverty. By the time of Shaws birth, his mother had become close to George John Lee, Shaw retained a lifelong obsession that Lee might have been his biological father, there is no consensus among Shavian scholars on the likelihood of this. The young Shaw suffered no harshness from his mother, but he recalled that her indifference. He found solace in the music that abounded in the house, Lee was a conductor and teacher of singing, Bessie had a fine mezzo-soprano voice and was much influenced by Lees unorthodox method of vocal production. The Shaws house was filled with music, with frequent gatherings of singers and players
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Pygmalion (1938 film)
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Pygmalion is a 1938 British film based on the George Bernard Shaw play of the same name, and adapted by him for the screen. It stars Leslie Howard and Wendy Hiller, the film was a financial and critical success, and won an Oscar for Best Screenplay and three more nominations. The screenplay was adapted into the 1956 theatrical musical My Fair Lady. The Hungarian producer Gabriel Pascal wished to create a set of films based on Shaws works, beginning with Pygmalion, the resulting Pygmalion scenario by Cecil Lewis and W. P. Lipscomb removed exposition unnecessary outside a theatrical context and added new scenes and dialogue by Shaw himself. Ian Dalrymple, Anatole de Grunwald and Kay Walsh also made uncredited contributions to the screenplay, a long ballroom sequence was added, introducing an entirely new character, Count Aristid Karpathy, written wholly by Shaw himself. Against Shaws wishes, an ending was added, with Eliza fleeing Higgins with Freddy. Shaw and his fellow writers did, however, retain the controversial line Not bloody likely, from the playtext, making Hiller the first person to utter that swear word in a British film and giving rise to adverts for the film reading Miss Pygmalion. Shaws choice for Higgins had been Charles Laughton, the movie also includes the very first film appearance of Anthony Quayle, as an Italian wigmaker. Cathleen Nesbitt, credited here as Kathleen Nesbitt in the role of A Lady, the films crew included David Lean, set designer Laurence Irving and the camera operator Jack Hildyard. The film also received nominations for Best Picture, Best Actor, Shaws reaction to his award was, Its an insult for them to offer me any honour, as if they had never heard of me before – and its very likely they never have. They might as well send some honour to George for being King of England, however, his friend Mary Pickford later reported seeing the award on display in his home. At the 1938 Venice Film Festival, Leslie Howard won the Volpi Cup, the Great British Films, pp. org Criterion Collection essay by David Ehrenstein
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Cecil Arthur Lewis
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Cecil Arthur Lewis MC was a British fighter pilot who flew in World War I. He went on to co-found the British Broadcasting Company and enjoy a career as a writer. Educated at Oundle School, Lewis joined the Royal Flying Corps in 1915 after lying about his age, in 1916, he flew the Morane Parasol in combat with No.3 Squadron and was awarded the Military Cross for his actions during the Battle of the Somme. Flying over the battlefield on the First day on the Somme to report back on British troop movements, Lewis witnessed the blowing of the mines at La Boiselle. He later described the early morning scene in his book Sagittarius Rising, We were to watch the opening of the attack, coordinate the infantry flare and it had been arranged that continuous overlapping patrols would fly throughout the day. Lewis patrol was ordered to clear of La Boiselle because of the mines that were to be blown. There was a roar, drowning all the guns flinging the machine sideways in the repercussing air. The earthly column rose, higher and higher to almost four thousand feet, Lewis aircraft was hit by lumps of mud thrown out by the explosion. During May and June 1917, when he was flying the S. E. 5a with No.56 Squadron, Lewis was credited with eight victories. A 40-minute interview with Lewis, describing his experiences as a World War I pilot was recorded by the BBC in 1963 -64 and made available online as part of the World War I centenary commemorations. In it, he described how on his first flight he had the most unusual experience of seeing 9 inch howitzer shells turning over in flight at 8000 feet before descending to the target. He also described his most frightening experience of the war—reconnaissance at 1000 feet during the initial bombardment prior to the battle of the Somme and this entailed flying along the line of fire of shells. Close passing shells caused severe turbulence to the aircraft and a number of his friends were killed and it was in Peking that Lewis married Doushka Horvath, the daughter of a Russian general. Lewis returned to England when the air service project was abandoned by Vickers after a couple of years, through his friend, the Russian singer Vladimir Rosing, Lewis met the artist Charles Ricketts, who became his artistic mentor and sponsor. After Ricketts death, Lewis edited his letters and journals for publication, Lewis was one of the five young men who, in 1922, founded the British Broadcasting Company where he was a writer, producer, and director. In 1931, he co-wrote and directed a film adaptation of the George Bernard Shaw play How He Lied to Her Husband. In late 1936–early 1937 he was a producer and presenter for the infant BBC Television Service at Alexandra Palace, at the 1938 Academy Awards ceremony, Lewis, Shaw, Ian Dalrymple and W. P. Lipscomb were awarded Oscars for their screen adaptation of Pygmalion. Lewis joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve in early 1939 as an officer, and during World War II served in Sicily, Greece, Egypt
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The Opening of Misty Beethoven
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The Opening of Misty Beethoven is an American adult erotic film released in 1976. It was produced with a high budget and filmed on elaborate locations in Paris, New York City and Rome with a musical score. According to award-winning author Toni Bentley, The Opening of Misty Beethoven is considered the jewel of the Golden Age of Porn. Films made by Radley Metzger, the director, are noted for their lavish design, witty screenplays. Another film reviewer noted that Metzgers films are highly artistic –, in a adult erotic take-off of George Bernard Shaws play Pygmalion, the film is about a sexologist who tries transforming a low-skilled prostitute into a goddess of passion. While he tries to prepare her to seduce a homosexual artist, in this film, Henry Higgins is replaced by Dr. Seymour Love, the sexologist, played by Jamie Gillis. Eliza Doolittle becomes Dolores Misty Beethoven, who is played by Constance Money, during the film, Misty achieves elevation better than Love and Rich had hoped and then cuts them off, as in George Bernard Shaws play. However, this film then sees Misty return, take over for Dr. Love, Dr. Love is present but in a very subservient position. It is clearly Misty that is in charge by this time, the film is also satirical, with many added comic touches and dialogue designed for laughs. It includes Mark Margoliss first role, the Opening of Misty Beethoven has the distinction of being the first widely released porn movie to feature female-on-male pegging. In 2012, DistribPix oversaw a complete restoration of the film, the result had a limited exhibition in theaters, but the main outcome of the project was the first-ever official DVD and Blu-ray releases. In addition, a fully annotated CD soundtrack was released, a listing of the music on the film soundtrack was released earlier. In 2004, Misty Beethoven, The Musical and it featured Sunset Thomas, Randy Spears, Julie Meadows, Asia Carrera, Chloe, Dave Cummings, Mike Horner, Evan Stone and Tyce Bune. It was directed by Veronica Hart, the film won the 2004 XRCO Award for Best Comedy or Parody and the 2005 AVN Award for Best Sex Comedy. Heffernan, Kevin, A social poetics of pornography, Quarterly Review of Film and Video, Volume 15, Issue 3, December 1994, lehman, Peter, Pornography, film and culture, Rutgers depth of field series, Rutgers University Press,2006, ISBN 0-8135-3871-8. Williams, Linda, Hard core, power, pleasure, the Opening of Misty Beethoven at the Internet Movie Database. The Opening of Misty Beethoven at the Adult Film Database, the Opening of Misty Beethoven – review/RockShockPop. The Opening of Misty Beethoven – review/10kBullets, the Opening of Misty Beethoven – review with photos
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Man Pasand
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Man Pasand is a 1980 Hindi movie produced by Amit Khanna under Film Unit banner and directed by Basu Chatterjee. The film stars Dev Anand, Tina Munim, Girish Karnad, Mehmood, the films music is by Rajesh Roshan while the lyrics were penned by Amit Khanna himself. A couple of songs from the film had become popular, although the film is dedicated to George Bernard Shaw—with the implication that it is based on his play Pygmalion—according to Dev Anand the film is inspired by My Fair Lady. Best friends and musicologists Pratap and Kashinath make a bet that Pratap can transform any unpolished girl into a graceful, Kashinath agrees that he will marry the girl if Pratap is successful. One night they take the wrong train after a party. They encounter Kamli, a vendor of neem branches on the train. At first Kamli laughs at him, but changes her mind and comes to see him the next day, Kamli moves in with the acerbic and bossy Pratap to become his full-time pupil. With the help of his invention the scalograph, Pratap teaches Kamli to sing classical music, meanwhile, soft-spoken and gentlemanly Kashinath teaches her the culture of music, proper etiquette and how to talk correctly. Kamlis shiftless father Popatlal shows up to complain about the living arrangement. They decide to test their protege and take Kamli to a party where they pass her off as part of a royal family, unfortunately, she drinks too much and gives the game away. After the party, Kamli gives Prataps secretary a month off and takes over his duties, finally, the big day arrives and Kamli performs in front of a large audience where she is a great success. Afterwards, Pratap and Kashinath congratulate themselves on their great success, in despair about her uncertain future and filled with sadness that Pratap does not care for her, she fights with him and leaves. Kashinath, knowing his friend well, points out that he has fallen in love with her. Pratap is miserable without Kamli, but he is too proud to ask her back, just when he thinks she is gone forever, she returns to him. Wadia The films music was composed by Rajesh Roshan with lyrics by Amit Khanna, the songs Rehne Ko Ek Ghar and Hothon Pe Geet Jage were adapted from Wouldnt It Be Loverly and I Could Have Danced All Night
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My Fair Lady (Broadway cast recording)
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The Broadway cast recording of the musical My Fair Lady was released as an album on April 2,1956. The songs were composed by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe, while the cast included stars Julie Andrews, the album became a massive seller, topping the charts on the US Billboard 200 for fifteen weeks at different times in 1956,1957,1958 and 1959. In the UK, upon its release in 1958, the album reached No.1 for 19 consecutive weeks and became the biggest-selling album of the year. The album was released on Columbia Records, whose President, Goddard Lieberson provided the $375,000 needed to stage the show in return for the rights to the Cast recording. The album was later re-issued on Compact disc in 1988 and has been re-released a number of times since and it is currently available with bonus tracks. A London cast recording of the musical, also starring Harrison, returned to number 1 on Billboard 200 at different times during 1957,1958 and 1959
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My Fair Lady (Shelly Manne album)
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It was an instant hit and became one of the best-selling jazz albums of its day. Previn and Manne were exchanging ideas with producer Lester Koenig, who suggested they do some tunes from the current Broadway musical My Fair Lady, Manne and Previn were so impressed with the Lerner and Loewe songs for the show, that they decided to record more of them. They ended up filling the entire album with My Fair Lady tunes, lively and appealing, and clearly aimed at popular taste, the music also showed some daring, in the vein of the experimentation that was a factor in much West Coast jazz in the 1950s. Previn, with musical training, and having composed several film scores himself, was able to suggest certain technical modifications to the harmony. Manne, as the leader, provided suggestions of his own. The final number, I Could Have Danced All Night, was given a Latin touch, there was a total thing going back and forth, as Manne later put it. The sound was recorded by Roy DuNann, later recognized as one of the recording engineers. The result of session was an unexpectedly successful album, generally cited as the most successful jazz album up to that time. The idea was followed by similar efforts by others as well as by Manne. My Fair Lady itself was redone over the years by other jazz artists and this album was based on arrangements thoroughly worked out in advance, and some of the tunes were sung by Jack Sheldon and Irene Kral. Some of these albums were performed by small combos, others by big bands, some used hastily improvised arrangements, others carefully worked out ones. Sometimes singing was involved, but most often the tunes were presented in instrumental versions, regardless of the exact approach, the practice of recording an entire album of jazz versions of the songs of a single musical play had now been established. Manne, Previn, and Vinnegars My Fair Lady had started the trend, shelly Manne, Sounds of the Different Drummer Gordon, Robert. Jazz West Coast, The Los Angeles Jazz Scene of the 1950s Yanow and my Fair Lady, Review Conrad, Thomas
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My Fair Lady (Oscar Peterson Trio album)
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Oscar Peterson Plays My Fair Lady is a 1958 album by pianist Oscar Peterson of compositions written by the songwriting duo, Lerner and Loewe. The selections are from the musical My Fair Lady, in his Allmusic review Scott Yanow wrote of the reissue. the pianist and his sidemen uplift those melodies with their usual swinging treatment. Overall the music on this reissue is consistently enjoyable, on the Street Where You Live I Could Have Danced All Night Show Me Get Me to the Church on Time Wouldnt It Be Loverly. Ive Grown Accustomed to Her Face The Rain in Spain Oscar Peterson - piano Ray Brown - double bass Gene Gammage - drums
