1.
LW2 (classification)
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LW2 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic standing ski sport class defined by the International Paralympic Committee. Competitors in this class have severe disability in a lower limb, depending on the type of skiing, the international classification process for LW2 skiers is handled by the IPC Alpine Skiing Technical Committee and IPC Nordic Skiing Technical Committee. National sport federations handle classification on the lower levels, in para-Alpine, skiers use one ski and two ski poles while para-Nordic skiers use two skis and two ski poles. Other equipment may be used such as outriggers, specific skiing and training techniques have been developed for this LW2 skiers that address their disability type and equipment use. A factoring system is used in both para-Alpine and para-Nordic to allow different classes to compete against each other there are too few individual competitors in one class in a competition. These factors may change from ski season to ski season and this classification has been included in a number of medal events at major competitions since the 1980s. It was sometimes grouped with other classes for medal events. Skiers in this class include Australians Michael Milton, Toby Kane and Cameron Rahles Rahbula. This is a classification used in para-Alpine skiing and para-Nordic skiing. It is for people with a disability in a lower limb. Competitors in this class would score 20 or less on a strength test for one leg, the International Paralympic Committee explicitly defined this classification for para-Alpine skiing as Competitors with severe disabilities in one lower limb. Typical disability profile of the class is single above-knee amputation, for para-Nordic skiing, the IPC defines this class as those with impairment in one entire lower limb. In 2002, the Australian Paralympic Committee described this classification for para-Alpine as a standing skiing classification with One ski, cross Country Canada defined this classification for para-Nordic skiing as Impairment in one entire lower limb involving pelvis and structures distal in 2012. For international para-Alpine skiing competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing Technical Committee, a national federation such as Alpine Canada handles classification for domestic competitions. In para-Alpine, skiers in this classification compete with one skis, the para-Alpine ski configuration is sometimes called a 3 track. FIS rules for ski boots and binding heights are modified for this class from rules applied to able bodied competitors equipment. In para-Nordic, skiers compete with two skis and two poles, skiers use skis that would be slightly longer than if they were able bodied. Skiers in this classification may use outriggers, outriggers are forearm crutches with a miniature ski on a rocker at the base, and are fitted for the skier based the height of the skiers hip joint when the skier is standing
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Richard Donner
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Richard Donner is an American film director and producer. After directing the horror film The Omen, Donner became famous for directing the first modern film, Superman. Donner later went on to such films such as The Goonies and Scrooged, while reinvigorating the buddy film genre with Lethal Weapon. He and his wife, producer Lauren Shuler Donner, own the production company The Donners Company, in 2000, he received the Presidents Award from the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films. Film historian Michael Barson writes that Donner is one of Hollywoods most reliable makers of action blockbusters, Donner was born Richard Donald Schwartzberg in the Bronx, to Jewish parents, Hattie and Fred Schwartzberg. His father owned a furniture manufacturing business. Donner started his career with hopes of acting but quickly moved into directing commercials and he moved into television in the late 1950s, directing some episodes of the Steve McQueen western serial Wanted, Dead or Alive and the Chuck Connors western The Rifleman. In his early career as a director he worked on TV commercials and over twenty-five television series including Have Gun Will Travel, The Fugitive, get Smart, The Man from U. N. C. L. E. The Wild Wild West, Gilligans Island, Kojak, Tales from the Crypt and The Twilight Zone, Donner directed his first feature film in 1961, X-15, which starred Charles Bronson and Mary Tyler Moore. It was not until seven years later, however, that he directed his film, Salt and Pepper, with Sammy Davis Jr. His break-through film was The Omen, a supernatural thriller made in the wake of the success obtained by The Exorcist, the film stars Gregory Peck, David Warner and Lee Remick. It became the fifth highest-grossing movie of 1976, in 1978, Donner directed Superman, The Movie, starring Christopher Reeve in the title role. The film became a hit worldwide, projecting both Reeve and Donner to international fame, co-stars included Margot Kidder as Lois Lane, Marlon Brando as Jor-El and Gene Hackman as archvillain Lex Luthor. It succeeded at the box office, grossing $134 million domestically, principal photography of Superman included filming of its first sequel, Superman II. Donner filmed most of Superman II with the expectation he would complete the sequel after the release of Superman, despite the first films success, Donner was fired from Superman II. Throughout the filming of Superman and Superman II, Donner had a relationship with executive producers Alexander Salkind and Ilya Salkind. Following Donners dismissal, Marlon Brandos scenes were removed from Superman II, Gene Hackman refused to return for re-shoots, consequently, all the Lex Luthor scenes that appear in Superman II were filmed by Donner, although Donner received no onscreen credit for directing. Rotten Tomatoes summary states that Superman II meets, if not exceeds, Donner continued to promote the view his contribution was superior to rest of the series
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Joel Silver
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Joel Silver is an American film producer, most well known for action films including the Lethal Weapon series, The Matrix trilogy, the first two Die Hard movies, and Predator. He is the owner of Silver Pictures and co-founder of Dark Castle Entertainment and he has been a rival to Michael Eisner, former CEO of The Walt Disney Company, since their days at Paramount Pictures. Silver was born and raised in South Orange, New Jersey, the son of a writer and he attended Columbia High School in Maplewood, New Jersey. During his time here, Silver, Buzzy Hellring and Jonny Hines created the rules for what he called Ultimate Frisbee and he was later inducted into the USA Ultimate Hall of Fame as a result of this. He finished his studies at the New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts. Silver began his career at Lawrence Gordon Productions, where he became president of motion pictures for the company. He earned his first screen credit as the producer on The Warriors and, with Gordon. Streets of Fire, and Brewsters Millions, Silver appears on-screen at the beginning of Who Framed Roger Rabbit as Raoul J. Raoul, the director of the animated short Somethings Cookin. Silver directed Split Personality, an episode of the HBO horror anthology Tales from the Crypt and he currently runs two production companies, Silver Pictures, and Dark Castle Entertainment, co-owned by Robert Zemeckis. Silver is also known for his temper, which has led his character to be portrayed on some movies like Grand Canyon, True Romance. The character of Les Grossman in the movie Tropic Thunder, is a parody of Silver, on July 10,1999, Silver married his production assistant, Karyn Fields. Silver is well known as an aficionado of architect Frank Lloyd Wright, in 1984, he bought the Wright-designed Storer House in Hollywood and made considerable investments to restore it to the original condition. The Storer Houses squarish relief ornament then became the logo of Silver Pictures. Silver sold it in 2002 for $2.9 million, in 1986, he purchased the long-neglected C. Leigh Stevens Auldbrass Plantation in Yemassee, South Carolina, and has been restoring it since then. Joel Silver at the Internet Movie Database Silver on Warner Bros
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Jeffrey Boam
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Jeffrey David Boam was an American screenwriter and film producer. He is known for writing the screenplays for Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Innerspace, The Lost Boys, Boams films had a cumulative gross of over US$1 billion. He was educated at Sacramento State College and UCLA, Boam died of heart failure on January 24,2000 at age 53. Boam was born in Rochester, New York and he grew up in Fair Lawn, New Jersey, and his family moved to Sacramento, California when he was 11. His father was an aeronautical engineer and he developed a taste for action films by watching World War II film on television as a child. As a teenager, he saw the film Tom Jones, which he made the greatest impression on him. He attended Sacramento State College, earning a B. A. in art in 1969, while interested in the film industry, he initially thought that his art training would lead him to a career in art direction or production design. Not wanting to serve in the ranks, he decided that directing would be most satisfying and he entered graduate school at UCLA film school, hoping to start a career in directing. He couldnt afford to pay for his own film, processing, but he did own a typewriter, so he took a writing course and prepared to study screenwriting instead of directing. At UCLA, he took classes under Richard Walter, Boam took an advanced screenwriting class taught by William Froug. He decided to target Froug, hoping to impress the writing teacher into accepting him to be a directed studies student, Boam was impressed by Frougs success, and wanted one-on-one help. He said, I just knew that Bill could help me and he gave Froug two screenplays for review, but the writing teacher wasnt impressed with either of them. This didnt deter Boam, who persisted, Boam told Froug, Well, Ill just have to write better. Froug relented and started mentoring him, and said that over the semesters Boam got better and better, the two collaborated on a screenplay called Johnny, about the bank robber John Dillinger. On the day the screenplay was finished, they learned that director John Milius was starting production on Dillinger, however, their script was bought under a one-year option for $10,000 by producer Edward Lewis, who sold it to NBC as a possible television movie. In the end, the screenplay was never produced, Boam graduated from UCLA in 1973, with a Master of Fine Arts degree. He got a job as a booker for Paramount Pictures. All the while, he was writing scripts, trying to land a screenwriting job, of the work at Paramount, Boam said, I was
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Mel Gibson
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Mel Colmcille Gerard Gibson AO is an American actor and filmmaker. He was born in Peekskill, New York, and moved with his parents to Sydney, Australia and he studied acting at the Australian National Institute of Dramatic Art. During the 1980s, he founded Icon Entertainment, a company which independent film director Atom Egoyan has called. Director Peter Weir cast him as one of the leads in the critically acclaimed World War I drama Gallipoli, the film also helped to earn Gibson the reputation of a serious, versatile actor. He later directed and produced the successful and controversial, biblical drama film The Passion of the Christ. He received further critical notice for his work of the action-adventure film Apocalypto. Gibson was born in Peekskill, New York, the sixth of eleven children, and the son of Hutton Gibson, a writer. One of Gibsons younger brothers, Donal, is also an actor, because of his mother, Gibson retains dual Irish and American citizenship. Mel was twelve years old at the time, Gibson was educated by members of the Congregation of Christian Brothers at St Leos Catholic College in Wahroonga, New South Wales, during his high school years. Gibson gained very favorable notices from critics when he first entered the cinematic scene. In 1982, Vincent Canby wrote that Mr. Gibson recalls the young Steve McQueen, I cant define star quality, but whatever it is, Mr. Gibson has it. Gibson has also likened to a combination Clark Gable and Humphrey Bogart. Gibsons roles in the Mad Max series of films, Peter Weirs Gallipoli, later, Gibson expanded into a variety of acting projects including human dramas such as Hamlet, and comedic roles such as those in Maverick and What Women Want. He expanded beyond acting into directing and producing, with, The Man Without a Face, in 1993, Braveheart, in 1995, The Passion of the Christ, in 2004, jess Cagle of Time compared Gibson with Cary Grant, Sean Connery, and Robert Redford. Connery once suggested Gibson should play the next James Bond to Connerys M. Gibson turned down the role, Gibson studied at the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney. The students at NIDA were classically trained in the British-theater tradition rather than in preparation for screen acting. As students, Gibson and actress Judy Davis played the leads in Romeo and Juliet, and Gibson played the role of Queen Titania in an experimental production of A Midsummer Nights Dream. After graduation in 1977, Gibson immediately began work on the filming of Mad Max, but continued to work as a stage actor, and joined the State Theatre Company of South Australia in Adelaide
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Danny Glover
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Danny Lebern Glover is an American actor, film director, and political activist. He is well known for his role as Roger Murtaugh in the Lethal Weapon film series, The Color Purple, To Sleep with Anger. He also has prominent supporting roles in Silverado, Witness, Predator 2, Saw, Shooter,2012, Death at a Funeral, Beyond the Lights, and Dirty Grandpa. He has appeared in other movies, television shows, and theatrical productions. Glover was born in San Francisco, the son of Carrie and his parents, who worked as postal workers, were highly active in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, working to advance equal rights. Glovers mother, daughter of a midwife, was born in Louisville, Georgia and graduated from Paine College in Augusta, as an adolescent and a young adult, Glover suffered from epilepsy but has not suffered a seizure since age 35. He attended George Washington High School in San Francisco and he attended San Francisco State University in the late 1960s but did not graduate. SFSU later awarded him an honorary degree, Glover trained at the Black Actors Workshop of the American Conservatory Theater. Glover originally worked in city administration working on community development before transitioning to theater and he has said, I didnt think it was a difficult transition. Acting is a platform that can become a conveyer for ideas, art is a way of understanding, of confronting issues and confronting your own feelings—all within that realm of the capacity it represents. It may have been a leap of faith for me, given not only my learning disability, I felt all the things that someone thats 63 or 64 feels and with my own diminished expectations of who I could be would feel. Whether its art, acting or theater that Ive devoted myself to I put more passion and his first theater involvement was with Conservatory Theater, a regional training program in San Francisco. Glover also trained with Jean Shelton at the Shelton Actors Lab in San Francisco, in an interview on Inside the Actors Studio, Glover credited Jean Shelton for much of his development as an actor. Deciding that he wanted to be an actor, Glover resigned from his city administration job, later he once again starred with Busey in the blockbuster Predator 2. He also starred as the husband to Whoopi Goldbergs character Celie in the celebrated literary adaptation The Color Purple, in 1994 he made his directorial debut with the Showtime channel short film Override. Also in 1994, Glover and actor Ben Guillory founded the Robey Theatre Company in Los Angeles, focusing on theatre by, during his career, he has made several cameos, appearing, for example, in the Michael Jackson video Liberian Girl of 1987. Glover earned top billing for the first time in Predator 2 and that same year he starred in Charles Burnetts To Sleep with Anger, for which he won the Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead. In addition, Glover has been an actor in many childrens movies
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Joe Pesci
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Joseph Frank Joe Pesci is an American actor, singer, musician and comedian. Known for playing tough, volatile characters, in a variety of genres and he is best known for a trio of Martin Scorsese films in which he co-starred with Robert De Niro, Raging Bull, Goodfellas and Casino. Pesci was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Raging Bull, Pesci was born on February 9,1943, in Newark, New Jersey. His mother, Mary, worked part-time as a barber, and his father, Angelo Pesci, was a driver for General Motors. Pesci, of Italian descent, was raised in Belleville, New Jersey, by the time Pesci was five years old, he was appearing in plays in New York. At age 10, he was a regular on a variety show called Startime Kids which also featured Connie Francis. In the 1960s, Pesci began working as a barber, following in his mothers footsteps, at the same time, he tried to start a musical career, playing guitar with several bands. In 1968, he released the album Little Joe Sure Can Sing. on which he sang covers of pop hits. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Pesci joined fellow actor Frank Vincent in performing in clubs including the Arlington Lounge and other venues around North Jersey as Vincent. The comedy duos material was a play on Martin and Lewis and Abbott, in 1975, they appeared in the Broadway show The New Vaudevillians, which only lasted one week. The first film Pesci starred in was the 1976 low-budget crime film The Death Collector alongside Frank Vincent, after the film Pesci returned to The Bronx and lived above Amicis Restaurant, where he was an employee. Pesci won the BAFTA Film Award for Newcomer to Leading Film Roles in 1981 and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, over the next few years, Pesci appeared in several smaller films, including Dear Mr. Wonderful, Easy Money and Eureka. In 1984, he was cast in Once Upon a Time in America, next year he starred as private detective Rocky Nelson in the short-lived television comedy series Half Nelson. In 1988, Pesci appeared in the Michael Jackson musical anthology film Moonwalker, in the sixth and longest segment. He played the antagonist, crime boss Frankie Mr. Big LiDeo and he appeared as Leo Getz in the Lethal Weapon sequels, released in 1989,1992 and 1998. In 1990, he reunited with Scorsese and De Niro for Goodfellas, Pesci received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the role, which he accepted with one of the shortest speeches in Oscar history, saying simply, Its my privilege. Thank you, before leaving the stage, Pesci also co-starred in the blockbuster Home Alone in 1990, playing Harry Lime, one of two bumbling burglars who attempt to burgle the house of the young character played by Macaulay Culkin. In the films climactic scene, Pesci accidentally bit one of Culkins fingers, two years later, Pesci reprised his role in the sequel Home Alone 2, Lost in New York
8.
Patsy Kensit
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Patricia Jude Francis Patsy Kensit is a British actress, singer, model, and former child star. She was lead singer of the band Eighth Wonder from 1983 to 1989, between 2004 and 2006, Kensit played the role of Sadie King in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale. Following this, she played Faye Byrne in the BBC One medical drama Holby City from 2007 until 2010, Kensit has been married to musicians Dan Donovan, Jim Kerr, Liam Gallagher, and Jeremy Healy. Patsy Kensit was born on 4 March 1968 to James Henry Kensit and Margaret Rose Doohan, Kensit has an elder brother, Jamie, born in 1963. Her mother was a publicist, her father was an associate of the notorious London gangsters the Kray twins, nicknamed Jimmy the Dip, he also reportedly worked for the rival Richardsons, running long firms for the gang. He served time in prison before Kensit was born, she believed he was an antiques dealer, Kensits parents did not marry until 1986. Her paternal grandfather was a robber and counterfeiter and she attended Newland House School, St Catherines School, Twickenham and Corona Theatre School. In 1972, at the age of four, Kensit appeared in an advert for Birds Eye frozen peas. She had her first big-screen role in the film For the Love of Ada and her next film role was two years later in The Great Gatsby, in which she acted with Mia Farrow—whom she later portrayed in the 1995 biopic Love and Betrayal, The Mia Farrow Story. Kensit also appeared in a BBC mini series based on the historical novel Penmarric. As a pupil at the Italia Conti Academy stage school, Kensits first starring roles were in British childrens television programmes such as The Adventures of Pollyanna and Luna. She also appeared as Estella in the 1981 BBC adaptation of Great Expectations, in 1985, Kensit led a dual career as a singer and an actress. She starred as Eppie in an adaptation of Silas Marner, with Ben Kingsley, at the time, Kensit stated, All I want is to be more famous than anything or anyone. In 1986, she won the female role in the film version of Absolute Beginners. In November 1987, she sang a duet with the Italian singer and songwriter, Eros Ramazzotti, entitled La luce buona delle stelle and she appeared in the 1991 independent feature Twenty-One, for which she received a nomination for Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead. Of her role, Variety magazine wrote, Fans of Kensit get plenty of her, her lovely face, the cool control with which she executes the role is admirable. In 1992, she had a role in the British film Blame it on the Bellboy as Miss Carolyn Wright. In 1995, Kensit starred with Kristin Scott Thomas and Mark Rylance in Angels & Insects, Kensits last major lead film role was in the Newcastle-based The One and Only
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Michael Kamen
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Michael Arnold Kamen was an American composer, orchestral arranger, orchestral conductor, songwriter, and session musician. Michael Arnold Kamen was born in New York City, the second of four sons and his father, Saul Kamen, was a dentist, and his mother, Helen, was a teacher. While attending the The High School of Music & Art in New York City, while studying the oboe, he formed a rock-classical fusion band called New York Rock & Roll Ensemble, together with classmates Fulterman and Dorian Rudnytsky. The group performed in white tie, as worn by classical musicians. In the middle of the concert, Fulterman and Kamen would play an oboe duet, the group backed up friend and classmate Janis Ian in a concert at Alice Tully Hall in late 1967. After graduating from school, Kamen attended The Juilliard School, in Manhattan. Kamen became a highly sought-after arranger in the realms of pop and his contemporaries in this field included Academy Award winner Anne Dudley, Richard Niles, and Nick Ingman. For Bush, Kamen delivered an orchestral backing for Moments of Pleasure from The Red Shoes album, in this instance, and many others, he conducted the orchestra personally for the recording. Lenny Kravitz recorded a cover of Fields of Joy on his 1991 CD Mama Said that Michael had co-written with Hal Fredricks, in 2002, Kamen took part in the Concert for George as strings conductor. Kamen had a partnership with Bryan Adams and R. J. The ballad I Do It for You for the 1991 film Robin Hood, other songs were All For Love for the movie The Three Musketeers in 1993, and Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman. The song from the film Don Juan DeMarco, in 1995, Kamen wrote eleven ballets, a saxophone concerto and an electric guitar concerto. Additionally, he wrote a work, Quintet, for the Canadian Brass. Hollands Opus, The Iron Giant, Splitting Heirs, Frequency and he also scored both the From the Earth to the Moon and Band of Brothers series on HBO. He also worked with metal band Metallica, on a two-day concert that was held in Berkeley, California. A recording of the concert, titled S&M, debuted at #2 on the Billboard 200, the same year Kamen and Metallica won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance for one of S&M compositions, The Call of Ktulu. Kamen was nominated for two Academy Awards and won three Grammy Awards, two Golden Globes, two Ivor Novello Awards, an Annie Award and an Emmy. His involvement with Mr. Hollands Opus, a film about a composer who finds fulfillment as a high school music teacher
10.
Eric Clapton
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Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE, is an English rock and blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He is the only inductee to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, once as a solo artist and separately as a member of the Yardbirds. Clapton has been referred to as one of the most important, Clapton ranked second in Rolling Stone magazines list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time and fourth in Gibsons Top 50 Guitarists of All Time. He was also named number five in Time magazines list of The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players in 2009, in the mid-1960s Clapton left the Yardbirds to play with John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers. Furthermore, he formed rock band Blind Faith with Baker, Steve Winwood. For most of the 1970s Claptons output bore the influence of the style of J. J. Cale. His version of Marleys I Shot the Sheriff helped reggae reach a mass market, two of his most popular recordings were Layla, recorded with Derek and the Dominos, and Robert Johnsons Crossroads, recorded with Cream. Following the death of his son Conor in 1991, Claptons grief was expressed in the song Tears in Heaven, Clapton has been the recipient of 18 Grammy Awards, and the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. In 2004 he was awarded a CBE at Buckingham Palace for services to music, in 1998, Clapton, a recovering alcoholic and drug addict, founded the Crossroads Centre on Antigua, a medical facility for recovering substance abusers. Clapton was born on 30 March 1945 in Ripley, Surrey, England, to 16-year-old Patricia Molly Clapton and Edward Walter Fryer, Fryer shipped off to war prior to Claptons birth and then returned to Canada. The similarity in surnames gave rise to the belief that Claptons real surname is Clapp. Years later, his mother married another Canadian soldier and moved to Germany, Clapton received an acoustic Hoyer guitar, made in Germany, for his thirteenth birthday, but the inexpensive steel-stringed instrument was difficult to play and he briefly lost interest. Two years later Clapton picked it up again and started playing consistently, Clapton was influenced by the blues from an early age, and practised long hours to learn the chords of blues music by playing along to the records. He preserved his practice sessions using his portable Grundig reel-to-reel tape recorder and his guitar playing was so advanced that, by the age of 16, he was getting noticed. Around this time, Clapton began busking around Kingston, Richmond, in 1962, Clapton started performing as a duo with fellow blues enthusiast David Brock in pubs around Surrey. When he was seventeen years old, Clapton joined his first band, an early British R&B group and he stayed with this band from January until August 1963. In October of that year, Clapton did a stint with Casey Jones & the Engineers. In October 1963, Clapton joined the Yardbirds, a rock and roll band
11.
David Sanborn
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David Sanborn is an American alto saxophonist. Though Sanborn has worked in genres, his solo recordings typically blend jazz with instrumental pop. He released his first solo album Taking Off in 1975, but has been playing the saxophone since before he was in high school, Sanborn has also worked extensively as a session musician, notably on David Bowies Young Americans. Sanborn is often identified with radio-friendly smooth jazz, however, Sanborn has expressed a disinclination for both the genre itself and his association with it. In his three-and-a-half-decade career, Sanborn has released 24 albums, won six Grammy Awards and has had eight gold albums and he continues to be one of the most highly active musicians of his genre. Sanborn was born in Tampa, Florida, and grew up in Kirkwood and he suffered from polio for eight years in his youth, and began playing the saxophone on a physicians advice to strengthen his weakened chest muscles and improve his breathing. Alto saxophonist Hank Crawford, at the time a member of Ray Charless band, was an early, Sanborn initially attended college at Northwestern University, studying music. However, he transferred to the University of Iowa where he played and studied with saxophonist J. R. Monterose, Sanborn performed with blues musicians Albert King and Little Milton at the age of 14. He continued playing blues when he joined Paul Butterfields band in 1967, Sanborn recorded on four Butterfield albums as a horn section member and soloist from 1967 to 1971. In 1985 Sanborn and Al Jarreau played two concerts at Chastain Park in Atlanta. Although Sanborn is most associated with jazz, he studied free jazz in his youth with saxophonists Roscoe Mitchell. In 1993, he revisited this genre when he appeared on Tim Bernes Diminutive Mysteries, sanborns album Another Hand also featured leading avant garde musicians. Sanborn has won awards including Grammy Awards for Voyeur, Double Vision. His solo recordings have featured the bassist/multi-instrumentalist and producer Marcus Miller. He has also done some film scoring for films such as Lethal Weapon, the album, produced by Hal Willner, featured musicians from outside the smooth jazz scene, such as Charlie Haden, Jack DeJohnette, Bill Frisell, and Marc Ribot. His more recent albums include Closer, in 1994 Sanborn appeared in A Celebration, The Music of Pete Townshend and The Who, also known as Daltrey Sings Townshend. This was a concert at Carnegie Hall produced by Roger Daltrey of English rock band The Who in celebration of his fiftieth birthday. In 1994 a CD and a VHS video were issued, in 1995 he performed in The Wizard of Oz in Concert, Dreams Come True a musical performance of the popular story at Lincoln Center to benefit the Childrens Defense Fund
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Stephen Goldblatt
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Goldblatt was born on April 29,1945 in Johannesburg, South Africa. When he was seven years old, he and his moved to London. Goldblatt attended Guildford School of Art for photography, but later discovered his interest in film while working on an assignment for Lions Films at Shepperton Studios. It was this interest that motivated him to attend Londons Royal College of Art Film School, upon graduation, he went to work shooting documentaries and animation, much of it in 16mm. Among his assignments were two Disappearing World episodes for Granada TV, Goldblatt began his career as a cameraman for documentaries and commercials. From 1972-75, he worked shooting TV commercials for such as Hugh Hudson, Alan Parker, Ridley Scott. In the 1990s, Goldblatt joined the Batman series with director Joel Schumacher and shot Batman Forever and Batman, in the late 1990s, during a “film sabbatical” and after many years of only taking snapshots, Goldblatt built a darkroom and began to photograph his life and surroundings again. Stephen Goldblatt now lives in Berkeley, California and has three grown children, when he is at home, Goldblatt enjoys tending to his pond and koi fish, gardening, playing his guitar, cooking, reading everyday, and mastering the art of husbanding with his wife Deborah. The Beatles wanted some fresh publicity photos shot by an unknown photographer, one of Goldblatts shots became a two-page spread in Life magazine, and a few others were used as album art on Beatles compilations. Two Academy Award nominations, one for Barbra Streisands The Prince of Tides, three Primetime Emmy Awards nominations for outstanding cinematography for a miniseries or movie, which include Conspiracy, Path to War, and Angels in America. Two Camerimage nominations, in 2007 winning the Lifetime Achievement Award, one Hollywood Film Award in 2007 for Cinematographer of the Year. Stephen Goldblatt at the Internet Movie Database
13.
Silver Pictures
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Silver Pictures is an American film production company founded by Hollywood producer Joel Silver during 1985. All movies after Ricochet have been distributed by Warner Bros. in 2012, Joel Silver and Warner Bros. ended their 25-year production, marketing, and distribution relationship. This is due to Joel Silver growing increasingly upset with how Warner Bros. had been handling the marketing and releasing of the films his company produced, despite their split, Silver and Warner Bros. co-produced The Nice Guys in 2016. In 2012, Joel Silver and Universal Pictures struck a 5-year marketing and distribution deal, Universal Pictures will not be a production partner with Silver Pictures, only a distributor. Moonlight Veronica Mars Next Action Star Action
14.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
15.
Action comedy
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Action film is a film genre in which the protagonist or protagonists end up in a series of challenges that typically include violence, extended fighting, physical feats, and frantic chases. Advancements in CGI have made it cheaper and easier to create action sequences, while action has long been a recurring component in films, the action film genre began to develop in the 1970s along with the increase of stunts and special effects. The genre is associated with the thriller and adventure film genres. Some historians consider The Great Train Robbery to be the first action film, during the 1920s and 1930s, action-based films were often swashbuckling adventure films in which actors, such as Douglas Fairbanks, wielded swords in period pieces or Westerns. The 1940s and 1950s saw action in a new form through war, the film, along with a war-adventure called The Guns of Navarone, inspired producers Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman to invest in their own spy-adventure, based on the novels of Ian Fleming. The long-running success of the James Bond films or series introduced a staple of the action film. Such larger-than-life characters were a veritable “one-man army”, able to dispatch villainous masterminds after cutting through their disposable henchmen in increasingly creative ways, such heroes are ready with one-liners, puns, and dry quips. The Bond films also used fast cutting, car chases, fist fights, a variety of weapons and gadgets, Dirty Harry essentially lifted its star, Clint Eastwood, out of his cowboy typecasting, and framed him as the archetypal hero of the urban action film. In many countries, restrictions on language, adult content, and violence had loosened up, in the 1970s, martial-arts films from Hong Kong became popular with Western audiences and inspired big budget films such as Bruce Lees Enter the Dragon. Chuck Norris blended martial arts with cops and robbers in films such as Good Guys Wear Black, from Japan, Sonny Chiba starred in his first martial arts movie in 1973 called the Karate Kiba. His breakthrough international hit was The Street Fighter series, which established him as the reigning Japanese martial arts actor in international cinema and he also played the role of Mas Oyama in Champion of Death, Karate Bearfighter, and Karate for Life. Chibas action films were not only bounded by martial arts, but also action thriller, jidaigeki, in the 1980s Hollywood produced many big budget action blockbusters with actors such as Sylvester Stallone, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Lorenzo Lamas, Michael Dudikoff, Charles Bronson and Bruce Willis. Steven Spielberg and George Lucas paid their homage to the Bond-inspired style with Raiders of the Lost Ark, in 1982, veteran actor Nick Nolte and rising comedian Eddie Murphy broke box office records with the action-comedy 48 Hrs. credited as the first buddy-cop movie. That same year, Sylvester Stallone starred in First Blood, the first installment in the Rambo film series made the character John Rambo a pop culture icon. 1984 saw the beginning of the Terminator starring Linda Hamilton and Arnold Schwarzenegger and this story provides one of the grittiest roles for a woman in action and Hamilton was required to put in extensive effort to develop a strong physique. The 1988 film, Die Hard, was influential on the development of the action genre. In the film, Bruce Willis plays a New York police detective who becomes embroiled in a terrorist take-over of a Los Angeles office building high-rise. The film set a pattern for a host of imitators, like Under Siege and Sudden Death, by the end of the 1980s, the influence of the successful action film could be felt in almost every genre
16.
Lethal Weapon
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Lethal Weapon is a 1987 American buddy cop action film directed by Richard Donner, produced by Joel Silver, and written by Shane Black. It stars Mel Gibson and Danny Glover alongside Darlene Love, Ebonie Smith, Gary Busey, the film was released on March 6,1987. Upon its release, Lethal Weapon grossed over $120 million against a budget of $15 million. It spawned a franchise that includes three sequels and a television series, LAPD Homicide Sergeant Roger Murtaugh, shortly after his 50th birthday, is partnered with Sergeant Martin Riggs, a transfer from narcotics. Murtaugh and Riggs quickly find themselves feuding with each other, autopsy reports show Amanda to have been poisoned with drain cleaner, making the case a possible homicide. Hunsaker tells Murtaugh that he was concerned about his daughters involvement in drugs, prostitution, and pornography, Murtaugh and Riggs go to see Amandas pimp, but find a drug lab on the premises, leading to a shootout. Riggs kills the pimp and saves the life of Murtaugh, who starts to tolerate his new partner, though the case seems closed, Riggs is aware that the only witness to Amandas apparent suicide was Dixie, another prostitute who was working away from her normal streets. They go to see her at her home, but it explodes as they approach it, Hunsaker had been laundering the money, but wanted to get out, and when McAllister found out hed contacted Murtaugh, the general had Amanda killed. As they talk, Joshua arrives in a helicopter and kills Hunsaker, shadow Company attempts to kill Riggs in a drive-by shooting, but he is saved by a bullet-proof vest. Murtaugh and Riggs fake his death to gain the upper hand, shadow Company later kidnaps Murtaughs daughter Rianne and demand Murtaugh turn himself over to them for her return. Murtaugh and Riggs plan an ambush at the exchange at El Mirage Lake with Riggs providing sniper support and their cover blown, McAllister and Joshua attempt to escape separately. Joshua manages to get away, but McAllister ends up crashing his car on Hollywood Boulevard and is killed when hand grenades in the car detonate, Murtaugh and Riggs race to Murtaughs home, knowing Joshua will be after his family. They arrive in time to him, and Riggs beats him in a violent fist fight on the front lawn. As officers arrive to take Joshua away, he breaks free and grabs a gun, after visiting his wifes grave, Riggs spends Christmas with the Murtaughs, having become best friends with Murtaugh and bonding with the rest of the family. Riggs also gives Murtaugh a symbolic gift, an unfired hollow-point bullet which he had been saving to commit suicide, as he does not need it anymore. Mel Gibson as Martin Riggs Danny Glover as Roger Murtaugh Gary Busey as Joshua Mitchell Ryan as Gen. Stephanie Woods Ed ORoss as Mendez Lycia Naff as Dixie Jimmie F. The protagonists would be everymen policemen, guys shuffling in a town like Los Angeles searching for something noble as justice when theyre just guys in washed, according to Black, his original first draft of the script was very different and much darker than the final film. It was 140 pages long and both the plot and characters were different, and action scenes were much bigger
17.
Lethal Weapon (film series)
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Lethal Weapon is an American buddy cop action comedy franchise created by Shane Black that focuses on two Los Angeles Police Department detectives, Martin Riggs and Roger Murtaugh. The franchise consists of four films released during the 1980s and 1990s, all four films in the series were directed by Richard Donner and also share many of the same core cast members, while the television series recast the main roles with younger actors instead. Anxious with age and retirement, homicide detective Roger Murtaugh is partnered with young, together, they work the case of the alleged suicide of Amanda Hunsaker, daughter of a wealthy businessman who served with Murtaugh in Vietnam. Murtaugh and Riggs soon discover that Hunsaker was involved in a scheme led by a retired general. During a car chase, Riggs and Murtaugh stumble upon a full of smuggled South African Krugerrands. This sparks a series of attempts at their lives, forcing them to take a dangerous case, protecting Leo Getz. However, they realize that Getz was involved in the same South African illegal activities, as a result, they become entangled in a drug-smuggling operation involving South African diplomats in Los Angeles, using their immunity as a shield. Riggs kills the murderer of his wife who is among the criminals, the subject of the investigation is a rogue AWOL cop who is stealing impounded weapons and selling them on the black market. During the investigation, Murtaugh shoots and kills a teenager who attacks him and Riggs and this prompts Murtaugh to capture the man responsible for the distribution of illegal firearms and to rethink his retirement. While both Lorna, and Murtaughs daughter Rianne are pregnant, Riggs and Murtaugh must pair with rookie Detective Lee Butters to investigate a Chinese immigrant smuggling ring, wah Sing Ku is a ruthless enforcer who personally attempts to murder Murtaughs family by burning them alive in their own home. As the story progresses, Murtaugh discovers that Lee is the father of his daughters unborn child, Murtaugh and Riggs slay dozens of Chinese gangsters and ultimately manage to catch up with the boss of the smuggling ring. There has been talk of a fifth Lethal Weapon film, although both Mel Gibson and Danny Glover have expressed disinterest. In 2007, Moviehole. net received word from sources that Warner Bros. were in the stages of trying to relaunch the Lethal Weapon series sometime in 2009 or later. A spec script treatment was written by Shane Black, leading to rumors that the sequel was on fast track by Warner Bros. with Black in the directors chair, actor Columbus Short said he was being considered for the role of Murtaughs son. Director Richard Donner was not involved with plans, but had his own ideas for a Lethal Weapon 5. According to the LA Times, Gibson refused to reprise his role as Martin Riggs for the fifth time, joel Silver later confirmed Gibson’s lack of interest in the project. We talked about it, but it was something that Mel didnt want to do now and it doesnt mean that he doesnt want to do it ever, but as of right now, he doesnt. There are presently no plans for a fifth movie, the movie reboot with Hemsworth has been put on hold because of the TV series reboot
18.
Diplomatic immunity
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Many principles of diplomatic immunity are now considered to be customary law. Diplomatic immunity as an institution developed to allow for the maintenance of government relations, including during periods of difficulties, an international agreement known as the Vienna Conventions codified the rules and agreements, providing standards and privileges to all states. However, many refuse to waive immunity as a matter of course. Alternatively, the country may prosecute the individual. If immunity is waived by a government so that a diplomat can be prosecuted, it must be there is a case to answer. For instance, in 2002, a Colombian diplomat in London was prosecuted for manslaughter, the concept of diplomatic immunity can be found in ancient Indian epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata, where messengers and diplomats were given immunity from capital punishment. During the evolution of justice, many wars were considered rebellions or unlawful by one or more combatant sides. In such cases, the servants of the sovereign were often considered accomplices. In other circumstances, harbingers of inconsiderable demands were killed as a declaration of war, however, even for Herodotus, this maltreatment of envoys is a crime, and he immediately recounts a story of divine vengeance befalling Sparta for this deed. A Roman envoy was urinated on as he was leaving the city of Tarentum, the oath of the envoy, This stain will be washed away with blood. Was fulfilled during the Second Punic War, the arrest and ill-treatment of the envoy of Raja Raja Chola by the king of Kulasekhara dynasty, which is now part of modern India, led to the naval Kandalur War in AD994. Pope Gelasius I was the first pope recorded as enjoying diplomatic immunity, genghis Khan and the Mongols were well known for strongly insisting on the rights of diplomats, and they would often take terrifying vengeance against any state that violated these rights. The Mongols would often raze entire cities in retaliation for the execution of their ambassadors, modern diplomatic immunity evolved parallel to the development of modern diplomacy. In the 17th century, European diplomats realized that protection from prosecution was essential to doing their jobs, and these were still confined to Western Europe and were closely tied to the prerogatives of nobility. Thus, an emissary to the Ottoman Empire could expect to be arrested and imprisoned upon the outbreak of hostilities between his state and the empire, the French Revolution also disrupted this system, as the revolutionary state and Napoleon imprisoned numerous diplomats who were accused of working against France. More recently, the Iran hostage crisis is considered a violation of diplomatic immunity. Although the hostage takers did not officially represent the state, host countries are obligated to protect diplomatic property, on the other hand, during World War II, diplomatic immunity was upheld and the embassies of the belligerents were evacuated through neutral countries. For the upper class of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, the first embassies were not permanent establishments but actual visits by high-ranking representatives, often close relatives, of the sovereign or the sovereign in person
19.
United States dollar
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The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent units, the circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars. The U. S. dollar was originally commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain pure or 416 grain standard silver, the currency most used in international transactions, it is the worlds primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U. S. coins that can be used as payment in U. S. dollars. After Nixon shock of 1971, USD became fiat currency, Article I, Section 8 of the U. S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power To coin money, laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U. S. C. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued and these coins are both designated in Section 5112 as legal tender in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, the pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins and these other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. The Constitution provides that a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and that provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the Statements are currently being expressed in U. S. dollars, the U. S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word dollar is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, there, dollars is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U. S. Congress passed a Coinage Act, Section 20 of the act provided, That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units. And that all accounts in the offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States, unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U. S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the form is significantly more common
20.
Los Angeles Police Department
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The Los Angeles Police Department, officially the City of Los Angeles Police Department, is the law enforcement agency for the city of Los Angeles, California, United States. With 9,843 officers and 2,773 civilian staff, it is the third-largest municipal police department in the United States, after the New York City Police Department, the department serves an area of 498 square miles and a population of 4,030,904 people. The LAPD has been fictionalized in numerous movies, novels, the department has also been associated with a number of controversies, mainly concerned with racism, police brutality, and police corruption. The first specific Los Angeles police force was founded in 1853, as the Los Angeles Rangers, the Rangers were soon succeeded by the Los Angeles City Guards, another volunteer group. Neither force was particularly efficient and Los Angeles became known for its violence, gambling, the first paid force was created in 1869, when six officers were hired to serve under City Marshal William C. Warren. By 1900, under John M. Glass, there were 70 officers, in 1903, with the start of the Civil Service, this force was increased to 200. During World War II, under Clemence B, horrall, the overall number of personnel was depleted by the demands of the military. Despite efforts to maintain numbers, the police could do little to control the 1943 Zoot Suit Riots, Parker advocated police professionalism and autonomy from civilian administration. However, the Bloody Christmas scandal in 1951 led to calls for civilian accountability, under Parker, LAPD created the first SWAT team in United States law enforcement. Officer John Nelson and then-Inspector Daryl Gates created the program in 1965 to deal with threats from radical organizations such as the Black Panther Party operating during the Vietnam War era. The old headquarters for the LAPD was Parker Center, named former chief William H. Parker. The new headquarters is the new Police Administration Building located at 100 W. 1st St. immediately south of Los Angeles City Hall, the Los Angeles Board of Police Commissioners also known as the Police Commission, is a five-member body of appointed officials which oversees the LAPD. The board is responsible for setting policies for the department and overseeing the LAPDs overall management, the Chief of Police reports to the board, but the rest of the department reports to the chief. The Office of the Inspector General is an independent part of the LAPD that has oversight over the department’s internal disciplinary process and it was created by the recommendation of the Christopher Commission and it is exempt from civil service and reports directly to the Board of Police Commissioners. The current Inspector General is Alexander A. Bustamante who was formerly an Assistant United States Attorney, the OIG receives copies of every complaint filed against members of the LAPD as well as tracking specific cases along with any resultant litigation. The OIG also conducts audits on select investigations and conducts regular reviews of the system in order to ensure fairness. As well as overseeing the LAPDs disciplinary process, the Inspector General may undertake special investigations as directed by the Board of Police Commissioners, the Office of the Chief of Police is the administrative office comprising the Chief of Staff and the Employee Relations Group. The majority of the LAPDs approximately 10,000 officers are assigned within the Office of Operations, an Assistant Chief, currently First Assistant Chief Michel Moore, commands the office, and reports directly to the chief of police
21.
Krugerrand
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For the Ian McNabb album, see Krugerrands. The Krugerrand is a South African gold coin, first minted in 1967 to help market South African gold, by 1980 the Krugerrand accounted for 90% of the global gold coin market. The name itself is a compound of Kruger and rand, the South African unit of currency, during the 1970s and 1980s some Western countries forbade import of the Krugerrand because of its association with the apartheid government of South Africa. Production levels of Krugerrands have significantly varied during the last 50 years, during 1967–1969, around 40,000 coins were minted each year. In 1970, the rose to over 200,000 coins. More than one million coins were produced in 1974, and in 1978 a total of six million Krugerrands were produced. Following the end of apartheid, the production dropped to 23,277 coins in 1998 and since then levels have increased again, the Krugerrand was introduced in 1967 as a vehicle for private ownership of gold. It was minted in a more durable copper-gold alloy than pure gold, economic sanctions against South Africa for its policy of apartheid made the Krugerrand an illegal import in many Western countries during the 1970s and 1980s. These sanctions ended when South Africa abandoned apartheid in 1994, by 1980 the Krugerrand accounted for 90% of the global gold coin market. That year South Africa introduced three smaller coins with a half ounce, quarter ounce, and tenth ounce of gold. Krugerrand coins containing 50 million ounces of gold have been sold, during the great bull market in gold of the 1970s, the gold Krugerrand quickly became the No.1 choice for investors worldwide wanting to buy gold. Between 1974 and 1985, it is estimated that 22 million gold Krugerrand coins were imported into the United States alone, private mints have also attempted minting gold and silver bullion rounds in the style of the Krugerrand. The rounds often depict Paul Kruger and an antelope, some even blatantly copying the design of the Krugerrands themselves. The Krugerrand is 32.77 mm in diameter and 2.84 mm thick, the Krugerrands actual weight is 1.0909 troy ounces. It is minted from gold alloy that is 91. 67% pure, the remaining 8. 33% of the coins weight is copper, which gives the Krugerrand a more orange appearance than silver-alloyed gold coins. Copper alloy coins are harder and more durable, so they can resist scratches, the coin is so named because the obverse, designed by Otto Schultz, bears the face of Boer statesman Paul Kruger, four-term president of the old South African Republic. The reverse depicts a springbok, one of the symbols of South Africa. The image was designed by Coert Steynberg, and was used on the reverse of the earlier South African five shilling coin
22.
Afrikaner
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Afrikaners are a Southern African ethnic group descended from predominantly Dutch settlers first arriving in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They traditionally dominated South Africas agriculture and politics prior to 1994, Afrikaans, South Africas third most widely spoken home language, is the mother tongue of Afrikaners and most Cape Coloureds. It evolved from the Dutch vernacular of South Holland, incorporating words brought from the Dutch East Indies, very rapidly one European power followed another, all eager to trade along this route. The Portuguese landed in Mossel Bay in 1500, explored Table Bay two years later, and by 1510 had started raiding inland, shortly afterwards the Dutch Republic sent merchant vessels to India, and in 1602 founded the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie. Furthermore, the exigencies of supplying local garrisons and passing fleets compelled the administration to confer free status upon employees, encouraged by the success of this experiment, the Company extended free passage from 1685 to 1707 for Hollanders wishing to settle at the Cape. In 1688 it sponsored the immigration of 200 French Huguenot refugees forced into exile by the Edict of Fontainebleau, the terms under which the Huguenots agreed to immigrate were the same offered to other VOC subjects, including free passage and requisite farm equipment on credit. They were augmented by VOC soldiers returning from Asia, predominantly Germans channeled into Amsterdam by the Companys extensive recruitment network, despite their diverse nationalities, the colonists used a common language and adopted similar attitudes towards politics. The attributes they shared came to serve as a basis for the evolution of Afrikaner identity, Afrikaner nationalism has taken the form of political parties and secret societies such as the Broederbond in the twentieth century. In 1914 the National Party was formed to promote Afrikaner economic interests, the term was in common usage in both the Boer republics and the Cape Colony by the late nineteenth century. At one time, burghers merely denoted Cape Dutch, settlers who were influential in the administration, able to participate in urban affairs, Boers often referred to the settled European farmers or nomadic cattle herders. During the Batavian Republic, burgher was popularised among Dutch communities both at home and abroad as a revolutionary form of address, or citizen. In South Africa, it remained in use as late as the Second Boer War, the first recorded instance of a colonist identifying as an Afrikaner occurred in March 1707, during a disturbance in Stellenbosch. Biebouw was flogged for his insolence and later banished to Jakarta and it is believed that Afrikaner in question initially indicated Cape Coloureds or other groups claiming mixed ancestry. Biebouw himself had numerous half-caste siblings and may have identified with Coloureds socially, in 1902, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle became the earliest English author to use Africander in reference to the Boers eastward expansion from the Cape. From the VOCs perspective, there was little incentive to regard the region as anything more than the site of a strategic victualing centre. Furthermore, the Cape was unpopular among VOC employees, who regarded it as a barren, in time they came to form a class of vrijlieden, also known as vrijburgers, former VOC employees who stayed in Dutch territories overseas after serving their contracts. The vrijburgers were to be of Dutch birth, married, of good character, in March 1657, when the first vrijburgers started receiving their farms, the white population of the Cape was only about 134. Although the soil and climate in Cape Town were suitable for farming, willing immigrants remained in short supply and included a number of orphans, refugees, and foreigners accordingly
23.
Apartheid
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Apartheid was a system of institutionalised racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa between 1948 and 1991, when it was abolished. The countrys first multiracial elections under a universal franchise were held three years later in 1994, Apartheid as a policy was embraced by the South African government shortly after the ascension of the National Party during the countrys 1948 general elections. Apartheid was also enforced in South West Africa until it gained independence as Namibia in 1990, with the rapid growth and industrialisation of the British Cape Colony in the nineteenth century, racial policies and laws became increasingly rigid. Cape legislation that discriminated specifically against black Africans began appearing shortly before 1900, the policies of the Boer republics were also racially exclusive, for instance, the Transvaal constitution barred nonwhite participation in church and state. Places of residence were determined by racial classification, from 1960 to 1983,3.5 million nonwhite South Africans were removed from their homes, and forced into segregated neighbourhoods, in one of the largest mass removals in modern history. Most of these targeted removals were intended to restrict the population to ten designated tribal homelands, also known as bantustans. The government announced that relocated persons would lose their South African citizenship as they were absorbed into the bantustans, Apartheid sparked significant international and domestic opposition, resulting in some of the most influential global social movements of the twentieth century. It was the target of frequent condemnation in the United Nations, some reforms of the apartheid system were undertaken, including allowing for Indian and coloured political representation in parliament, but these measures failed in appeasing most activist groups. In 1990, prominent ANC leaders such as Nelson Mandela were released from detention, Apartheid legislation was abolished in mid-1991, pending multiracial elections set for April 1994. Apartheid is an Afrikaans word meaning separateness, or the state of being apart and its first recorded use was in 1929. The governors and assemblies that governed the process in the various colonies of South Africa were launched on a different and independent legislative path from the rest of the British Empire. In the days of slavery, slaves required passes to travel away from their masters, in 1797 the Landdrost and Heemraden of Swellendam and Graaff-Reinet extended pass laws beyond slaves and ordained that all Khoikhoi moving about the country for any purpose should carry passes. Ordinance No.49 of 1828 decreed that prospective black immigrants were to be granted passes for the purpose of seeking work. These passes were to be issued for Coloureds and Khoikhoi, but not for other Africans, the United Kingdoms Slavery Abolition Act 1833 abolished slavery throughout the British Empire and overrode the Cape Articles of Capitulation. To comply with the act the South African legislation was expanded to include Ordinance 1 in 1835 and this was followed by Ordinance 3 in 1848, which introduced an indenture system for Xhosa that was little different from slavery. The Glen Grey Act of 1894, instigated by the government of Prime Minister Cecil John Rhodes limited the amount of land Africans could hold, in 1905 the General Pass Regulations Act denied blacks the vote, limited them to fixed areas and inaugurated the infamous Pass System. The Asiatic Registration Act required all Indians to register and carry passes, one of the first pieces of segregating legislation enacted by Jan Smuts United Party government was the Asiatic Land Tenure Bill, which banned land sales to Indians. The United Party government began to move away from the enforcement of segregationist laws during World War II
24.
South Africa
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South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is the southernmost country in Africa. South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area and it is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages, the remaining population consists of Africas largest communities of European, Asian, and multiracial ancestry. South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a variety of cultures, languages. Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the recognition of 11 official languages. The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup détat, however, the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994. During the 20th century, the black majority sought to recover its rights from the dominant white minority, with this struggle playing a role in the countrys recent history. The National Party imposed apartheid in 1948, institutionalising previous racial segregation, since 1994, all ethnic and linguistic groups have held political representation in the countrys democracy, which comprises a parliamentary republic and nine provinces. South Africa is often referred to as the Rainbow Nation to describe the multicultural diversity. The World Bank classifies South Africa as an economy. Its economy is the second-largest in Africa, and the 34th-largest in the world, in terms of purchasing power parity, South Africa has the seventh-highest per capita income in Africa. However, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed, nevertheless, South Africa has been identified as a middle power in international affairs, and maintains significant regional influence. The name South Africa is derived from the geographic location at the southern tip of Africa. Upon formation the country was named the Union of South Africa in English, since 1961 the long form name in English has been the Republic of South Africa. In Dutch the country was named Republiek van Zuid-Afrika, replaced in 1983 by the Afrikaans Republiek van Suid-Afrika, since 1994 the Republic has had an official name in each of its 11 official languages. Mzansi, derived from the Xhosa noun umzantsi meaning south, is a name for South Africa. South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological and human fossil sites in the world, extensive fossil remains have been recovered from a series of caves in Gauteng Province. The area is a UNESCO World Heritage site and has termed the Cradle of Humankind
25.
Consul-general
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A consul is distinguished from an ambassador, the latter being a representative from one head of state to another. In Classical Greece, some of the functions of the modern consul were fulfilled by a proxenos, unlike the modern position, this was a citizen of the host polity. The proxenos was usually a rich merchant who had ties with another city. The position of proxenos was often hereditary in a particular family, modern honorary consuls fulfil a function that is to a degree similar to that of the ancient Greek institution. Consuls were the highest magistrates of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire, the term was revived by the Republic of Genoa, which, unlike Rome, bestowed it on various state officials, not necessarily restricted to the highest. The Consolat de mar was an institution established under the reign of Peter IV of Aragon in the fourteenth century and it was primarily a judicial body, administering maritime and commercial law as Lex Mercatoria. Although the Consolat de mar was established by the Corts General of the Crown of Aragon and this distinction between consular and diplomatic functions remains to this day. Modern consuls retain limited powers to settle disputes on ships from their country. The Consulado de mercaderes was set up in 1543 in Seville as a merchant guild to control trade with Latin America, as such, it had branches in the principal cities of the Spanish colonies. The connection of consul with trade and commercial law is retained in French, in francophone countries, a juge consulaire is a non-professional judge elected by the chamber of commerce to settle commercial disputes in the first instance. Like the term embassy, the consulate may refer not only to the office of consul. The consulate may share premises with the embassy itself, a consul of the highest rank is termed a consul-general, and his or her office a consulate-general. He or she typically has one or several deputy consuls-general, consuls, vice-consuls, consulates-general need not have their offices in the capital city, but rather could have them in the most important/appropriate cities in terms of bilateral relations. In the United States, for example, most countries have a consulate-general in New York City, consuls of various ranks may have specific legal authority for certain activities, such as notarizing documents. As such, diplomatic personnel with other responsibilities may receive consular letters patent, aside from those outlined in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, there are few formal requirements outlining what a consular official must do. Nonetheless, consulates proper will be headed by consuls of various ranks, and although it is never admitted publicly, consulates, like embassies, may also gather intelligence information from the assigned country. Contrary to popular belief, although many of the staff of consulates may be career diplomats, in practice, the extension and application of consular privileges and immunities can be subject to wide discrepancies from country to country. Consulates are more numerous than diplomatic missions, such as embassies, ambassadors are posted only in a foreign nations capital
26.
Money laundering
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Money laundering is the process of transforming the profits of crime and corruption into ostensibly legitimate assets. Most anti-money laundering laws openly conflate money laundering with terrorism financing when regulating the financial system, some countries define money laundering as obfuscating sources of money, either intentionally or by merely using financial systems or services that do not identify or track sources or destinations. Other countries define money laundering to include money from activity that would have been a crime in that country, the concept of money laundering regulations goes back to ancient times and is intertwined with the development of money and banking. Money laundering is first seen with individuals hiding wealth from the state to avoid taxation or confiscation or a combination of both, in China, merchants around 2000 BCE would hide their wealth from rulers who would simply take it from them and banish them. In addition to hiding it, they would move it and invest it in businesses in remote provinces or even outside China, over the millennia many rulers and states imposed rules that would take wealth from their citizens and this led to the development of offshore banking and tax evasion. One of the methods has been the use of parallel banking or Informal value transfer systems such as hawala that allowed people to move money out of the country avoiding state scrutiny. In the 20th century, the seizing of wealth again became popular when it was seen as a crime prevention tool. The first time was during the period of Prohibition in the United States during the 1930s and this saw a new emphasis by the state and law enforcement agencies to track and confiscate money. Organized crime received a major boost from Prohibition and a source of new funds that were obtained from illegal sales of alcohol. In the 1980s, the war on drugs led governments again to turn to money-laundering rules to try and seize proceeds of crime to catch the organizers. It also had the benefit from a law enforcement point of view of turning rules of evidence upside down, Law enforcers normally have to prove an individual is guilty to get a conviction. But with money laundering laws, money can be confiscated and it is up to the individual to prove that the source of funds is legitimate if they want the funds back and this makes it much easier for law enforcement agencies and provides for much lower burdens of proof. The September 11 attacks in 2001, which led to the Patriot Act in the US and similar legislation worldwide, starting in 2002, governments around the world upgraded money laundering laws and surveillance and monitoring systems of financial transactions. Anti money laundering regulations have become a larger burden for financial institutions. During 2011–2015 a number of major banks faced ever-increasing fines for breaches of money laundering regulations and this included HSBC, which was fined $1.9 billion in December 2012, and BNP Paribas, which was fined $8.9 billion in July 2014 by the US government. For example, in 2006, Australia set up the AUSTRAC system, Money obtained from certain crimes, such as extortion, insider trading, drug trafficking, and illegal gambling is dirty. It needs to be cleaned to appear to have derived from legal activities so that banks. Money can be laundered by many methods, which vary in complexity, some of these steps may be omitted, depending on the circumstances
27.
Cape Town
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Cape Town is a coastal city in South Africa. It is the second-most populous urban area in South Africa after Johannesburg and it is also the capital and primate city of the Western Cape province. As the seat of the Parliament of South Africa, it is also the capital of the country. It forms part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality, the city is famous for its harbour, for its natural setting in the Cape Floristic Region, and for such well-known landmarks as Table Mountain and Cape Point. As of 2014, it is the 10th most populous city in Africa and it is one of the most multicultural cities in the world, reflecting its role as a major destination for immigrants and expatriates to South Africa. The city was named the World Design Capital for 2014 by the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design, in 2014, Cape Town was named the best place in the world to visit by both the American New York Times and the British Daily Telegraph. Located on the shore of Table Bay, Cape Town was first developed by the Dutch East India Company as a station for Dutch ships sailing to East Africa, India. Jan van Riebeecks arrival on 6 April 1652 established the first permanent European settlement in South Africa, Cape Town quickly outgrew its original purpose as the first European outpost at the Castle of Good Hope, becoming the economic and cultural hub of the Cape Colony. Until the Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the development of Johannesburg, Cape Town was the largest city in South Africa, the earliest known remnants in the region were found at Peers Cave in Fish Hoek and date to between 15,000 and 12,000 years ago. It was later renamed by John II of Portugal as Cape of Good Hope because of the optimism engendered by the opening of a sea route to India. Vasco da Gama recorded a sighting of the Cape of Good Hope in 1497, in the late 16th century, Portuguese, French, Danish, Dutch and English but mainly Portuguese ships regularly stopped over in Table Bay en route to the Indies. They traded tobacco, copper and iron with the Khoikhoi in exchange for fresh meat, the settlement grew slowly during this period, as it was hard to find adequate labour. This labour shortage prompted the authorities to import slaves from Indonesia, many of these became ancestors of the first Cape Coloured communities. Some of these, including grapes, cereals, ground nuts, potatoes, apples and citrus, had an important, the Dutch Republic being transformed in Revolutionary Frances vassal Batavian Republic, Great Britain moved to take control of its colonies. Britain captured Cape Town in 1795, but the Cape was returned to the Dutch by treaty in 1803, British forces occupied the Cape again in 1806 following the Battle of Blaauwberg. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814, Cape Town was permanently ceded to Britain and it became the capital of the newly formed Cape Colony, whose territory expanded very substantially through the 1800s. With expansion came calls for independence from Britain, with the Cape attaining its own parliament. Suffrage was established according to the non-racial, but sexist Cape Qualified Franchise, the discovery of diamonds in Griqualand West in 1867, and the Witwatersrand Gold Rush in 1886, prompted a flood of immigrants to South Africa
28.
Port of Los Angeles
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The Port of Los Angeles, also called Americas Port, is a port complex that occupies 7,500 acres of land and water along 43 miles of waterfront and adjoins the separate Port of Long Beach. The port is located in San Pedro Bay in the San Pedro and Wilmington neighborhoods of Los Angeles, a department of the City of Los Angeles, the Port of Los Angeles employs nearly 896,000 people throughout the LA County Region and 3.6 million worldwide. Around $1.2 billion worth of cargo comes in and out each day at the LA Port, the Ports Channel Depth is 53 feet. The port has 23 cargo terminals,270 deepwater berths,77 container cranes,9 container terminals, the LA Port imports furniture, footwear, electronics, automobile parts, and apparel. The Port exports wastepaper, cotton, resins, animal feed, the ports major trading partners are China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam. S. In 1542, Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo discovered the Bay of Smokes, the south-facing San Pedro Bay was originally a shallow mudflat, too soft to support a wharf. Visiting ships had two choices, stay far out at anchor and have their goods and passengers ferried to shore, or beach themselves. That sticky process is described in Two Years Before the Mast by Richard Henry Dana, phineas Banning greatly improved shipping when he dredged the channel to Wilmington in 1871 to a depth of 10 feet. The port handled 50,000 tons of shipping that year, after Bannings death in 1885, his sons pursued their interests in promoting the port, which handled 500,000 tons of shipping in that year. The Southern Pacific Railroad and Collis P. Huntington wanted to create Port Los Angeles at Santa Monica, however, the Los Angeles Times publisher Harrison Gray Otis and U. S. Senator Stephen White pushed for support of the Port of Los Angeles at San Pedro Bay. The Free Harbor Fight was settled when San Pedro was endorsed in 1897 by a commission headed by Rear Admiral John C, with U. S. government support, breakwater construction began in 1899, and the area was annexed to Los Angeles in 1909. The Los Angeles Board of Harbor Commissioners was founded in 1907, in 1912 the Southern Pacific Railroad completed its first major wharf at the port. During the 1920s, the port surpassed San Francisco as the West Coasts busiest seaport, in the early 1930s, a massive expansion of the port was undertaken with the construction of a breakwater three miles out and over two miles in length. In addition to the construction of this outer breakwater, a breakwater was built off Terminal Island with docks for seagoing ships. It was this improved harbor that hosted the events for the 1932 Summer Olympics. During World War II the port was used for shipbuilding, employing more than 90,000 people. In 1959, Matson Navigation Companys Hawaiian Merchant delivered 20 containers to the port, the opening of the Vincent Thomas Bridge in 1963 greatly improved access to Terminal Island and allowed increased traffic and further expansion of the port
29.
Cargo container
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These containers are known under a number of names, such as simply container, cargo or freight container, ISO container, shipping, sea or ocean container, container van or box, sea or c can. The common heights are 8 feet 6 inches and 9 feet 6 inches – the latter are known as High Cube or Hi-Cube containers, in 2012 there were about 20.5 million intermodal containers in the world of varying types to suit different cargoes. Containers have largely supplanted the traditional break bulk cargo – in 2010 containers accounted for 60% of the seaborne trade. The predominant alternative methods of transport carry bulk cargo – whether gaseous, liquid or solid – e. g. by bulk carrier or tank ship, for air freight, the more light-weight IATA-defined unit load device is used. By the 1830s, railways on several continents were carrying containers that could be transferred to other modes of transport, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in the United Kingdom was one of these. Simple rectangular timber boxes, four to a truck, they were used to convey coal from the Lancashire collieries to Liverpool, early versions of standardized containers were used in Europe before World War II. Construction of these containers had a frame with wooden walls, floor, roof. American containers at this time were not standardized, and these early containers were not yet stackable – neither in the U. S. nor Europe, in November 1932, the first container terminal in the world was opened by the Pennsylvania Rail Road Company in Enola, PA. A system was selected for Western Europe, based on the Netherlands system for goods and waste transportation called Laadkisten. This system used roller containers for transport by rail, truck and ship, in various configurations up to 5,500 kg capacity and this became the first post World War II European railway standard of the International Union of Railways – UIC-590, known as pa-Behälter. It was implemented in the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, West Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, the use of standardized steel shipping containers began during the late 1940s and early 1950s, when commercial shipping operators and the US military started developing such units. In 1948 the U. S. Army Transportation Corps developed the Transporter, a rigid, corrugated steel container, able to carry 9,000 pounds. It was 8 ft 6 in long,6 ft 3 in wide, and 6 ft 10 in high, with doors on one end, was mounted on skids. After proving successful in Korea, the Transporter was developed into the Container Express box system in late 1952, cONEXes could be stacked three high, and protected their contents from the elements. By 1965 the US military used some 100,000 Conex boxes, making this the first worldwide application of intermodal containers. From 1949 onwards, engineer Keith Tantlinger repeatedly contributed to the development of containers, as well as their handling, steel castings on the top corners provided lifting and securing points. In 1955 trucking magnate Malcom McLean bought Pan-Atlantic Steamship Company, to form a container shipping enterprise, the first containers were supplied by Brown, where McLean met Keith Tantlinger, and hired him as vice-president of engineering and research. Under the supervision of Tantlinger, a new 35 ft x 8 ft x 8 ft 6 in Sea-Land container was developed, each container had a frame with eight corner castings that could withstand stacking loads
30.
Broomhandle Mauser
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The Mauser C96 is a semi-automatic pistol that was originally produced by German arms manufacturer Mauser from 1896 to 1937. Unlicensed copies of the gun were also manufactured in Spain and China in the first half of the 20th century, within a year of its introduction in 1896, the C96 had been sold to governments and commercially to civilians and individual military officers. The Mauser C96 pistol was extremely popular with British officers at the time, Mauser supplied the C96 to Westley Richards in the UK for resale. By the onset of World War I, the C96s popularity with the British military had waned, the C96 also became a staple of Bolshevik Commissars and various warlords and gang leaders in the Russian Civil War, known simply as the Mauser. Communist revolutionaries Yakov Yurovsky and Peter Ermakov used Mausers to murder the Russian imperial family in July 1918, indian Revolutionary Ram Prasad Bismil and his partymen used these Mauser Pistols in the historic Kakori train robbery in August 1925. Chinese Communist General Zhu De carried a Mauser C96 during his Nanchang Uprising and later conflicts, besides the standard 7. 63×25 mm chambering, C96 pistols were also commonly chambered for 9×19mm Parabellum with a small number also being produced in 9 mm Mauser Export. Lastly, there was a Chinese-manufactured model chambered for.45 ACP, despite the pistols worldwide popularity and fame, China was the only nation to use the C96 as the primary service pistol of its military and police. Mausers first military contract was with the Ottoman Turkish government in 1897 and they ordered 1,000 pistols, they had their own serial number range, running from 1 to 1000. Markings include a star on both sides of the chamber and the crest of Sultan Abdul Hamid II and the Muslim year 1314 on the square left rear frame panel. In 1899, the Italian government ordered Mausers first major military contract and they differ in that their receivers were slab-sided. They also have a hammer instead of the early cone hammer. These guns had their own serial number range, running from 1 to 5000, the Persian government ordered 1,000 pistols. They have the Persian governments Lion and Sun insignia on the rectangular milled panel on the side of the receiver. It is often confused with the Turkish Contract Mauser, austria-Hungary ordered 50,000 Mausers in the standard 7. 63×25mm. A small number were rebarreled to 8mm Gasser for an unknown reason, during World War I, the Imperial German Army contracted with Mauser for 150,000 C96 pistols chambered in 9mm Parabellum to offset the slow production of the standard-issue Luger P08 pistol. This variant of the C96 was named the Red 9, after a large number 9 burned and painted in red into the grip panels, of the 150,000 pistols commissioned, approximately 137,000 were delivered before the war ended. Because the army delegated the branding to unit armourers, not all 9 mm pistols carry the nine, the French government set up an order for 1,000 pistols with 99 millimetres barrels for the Gendarmerie Nationale. The pistol had black ebonite grips rather than wooden ones, the German government purchased 7,800 commercial M30 pistols in 1940 for use by the Luftwaffe
31.
Darlene Love
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Darlene Wright, known by her stage name, Darlene Love is an American popular music singer and actress. She is ranked number 84 among Rolling Stones 100 Greatest Singers, as a ministers daughter, she grew up listening to gospel music and was a dedicated member of her church in San Antonio, Texas. She began singing in her church choir at age ten, during choir practice she caught the attention of choir director Cora Martin. After singing for Martin she was asked to go to the Music Mart where she sang and did some broadcasts, as it was her first musical experience, it was also the main influence for her to pursue a music career. Those who knew her described her vocals as a voice of a nightingale and she claimed, the choir was a big influence on my life. I call it my learning ground, singing in the choir, I learned harmony. As an actress, she is perhaps best remembered for playing officer Roger Murtaughs wife in the Lethal Weapon film series, Love was born Darlene Wright on July 26,1941 in Los Angeles, California as Darlene Wright to Ellen Maddox and Reverend Joe Wright. Her sister Edna grew up to be the singer of the group Honey Cone. She grew up in South Los Angeles, long before the tension, crime. Love later remembered the Los Angeles of her childhood as a city that existed mostly in peoples imaginations…, but for us, Los Angeles had nothing to do with movie stars or stubbly, hard-drinking gumshoes trying to piece together broken dreams after hours. For us, Los Angeles was contained in about 20 blocks, bookended on one side by our projects and playgrounds, Love began singing with her local church choir in Hawthorne, California. While still in school she was invited to join a little-known girl group called the Blossoms. They also appeared on Johnny Rivers hits, including Poor Side of Town Baby I Need Your Loving, the single Hes a Rebel was credited to the Crystals, but actually featured Love singing lead for the first time on a Phil Spector recording. As a solo artist, Love also contributed backing vocals to the Ronettes Baby and she was also part of a trio called Bob B. Soxx & the Blue Jeans, who recorded Spectors version of Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah, an Oscar-winning song from the 1946 Walt Disney film Song of the South, the Blossoms landed a weekly part on Shindig. One of the top shows of the era. They were part of the highly acclaimed Elvis Presleys 68 Comeback Special, Christmas is a song recorded by Darlene Love for the 1963 holiday compilation album, A Christmas Gift for You from Phil Spector. The song was written by Jeff Barry and Ellie Greenwich, along with Phil Spector, according to Love, Ronnie Spector was not able to put as much emotion into the song as needed
32.
Dean Norris
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Dean Joseph Norris is an American actor. He is best known for portraying DEA agent Hank Schrader on the AMC series Breaking Bad and town councilman James Big Jim Rennie on the CBS series Under the Dome. Norris has appeared in such as Lethal Weapon 2, Hard To Kill, Total Recall, Terminator 2, Judgment Day, Starship Troopers, The Cell, Little Miss Sunshine, Evan Almighty. Norris was born in South Bend, Indiana, the son of Rosemarie Rosie and his mother was born in South Bend to a Hungarian immigrant couple, while his father was born in Chicago, Illinois, where he lived for one year until moving to South Bend. Norris has two sisters named Connie and Nikie and he graduated from Clay High School in 1981, where he says he was a straight-A student and class valedictorian. While in high school, he had a role on his citys local sketch show Beyond Our Control and he is a 1985 graduate of Harvard College, where he majored in social studies. He also attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art for one year, Norris starred in Tremors, The Series and the film Without Limits. He has had guest spots in television series including NYPD Blue, The X-Files, The West Wing, and Lost. He is best known for his role as DEA agent Hank Schrader on Breaking Bad, Norris performance on Breaking Bad has received critical acclaim. Norris also starred in the CBS series Under the Dome, based on the Stephen King novel of the same name, Norris lives with his wife Bridget and their five children in Temecula, California. Dean Norris at the Internet Movie Database Dean Norris discusses Breaking Bad at AMCtv. com
33.
Nestor Serrano
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Nestor Serrano is an American film and television actor. He often portrays authority figures on sides of the law. Serrano is of Puerto Rican descent, Serrano began his acting career in off-Broadway plays in the late 1970s. His first film was the 1986 Tom Hanks comedy The Money Pit, since then, he has appeared in supporting roles in films such as Lethal Weapon 2, Bad Boys, The Negotiator, Empire, The Insider, Runaway Jury and The Day After Tomorrow. He also has an extensive television résumé, with appearances in such as Burn Notice, Homeland, Alias, Blue Bloods, Law & Order. He is well known for playing Islamic terrorist Navi Araz in 24, Serrano played Bobbys father on an episode of Ugly Betty. Nestor also played Victor, Adrianna Tate-Duncans manager, on the CW show,90210 He also made a guest-appearance on the Criminal Minds episode Poison as Det, hanover, as well as his role as drug cartel leader Hector Estrada in Season 7 of the Showtime series Dexter. In addition to the role of Hector Estrada, Nestor also played Carlos Solano, in 2017, he played a psychiatrist, Dr. Saul, in the movie thriller, Clinical. Official website Nestor Serrano at the Internet Movie Database
