1.
Football in Argentina
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Football is Argentinas most popular sport, the one with the most players and is the most popular recreational sport, played from childhood into old age. The percentage of Argentines that declare allegiance to an Argentine football club is about 90%, Football was introduced to Argentina in the later half of the 19th century by the British immigrants in Buenos Aires. The first Argentine league was contested in 1891, making it the fifth oldest recognised league of a FIFA member, the Argentine Football Association was formed in 1893 and is the eighth oldest in the world. The Argentine national team is one of the eight to have won the football World Cup, having done so in 1978 and 1986, and also being runner-up in 1930,1990, and 2014. They have also won the top tournament, the Copa América, on fourteen occasions. The nations Olympic representative has won two Gold Medals, while the team has won a record six U-20 World Cups. At club level, Argentine teams have won the most Intercontinental Cups, womens football has a national league since 1991, the Campeonato de Fútbol Feminino. In turn, the national representative qualified for the World Cup for the first time in 2007. In futsal, Argentina were FIFUSA/AMF Futsal World Cup champions in 1994 and they also compete in the FIFA code of futsal, where they finished third in the 2004 FIFA Futsal World Cup. The team also won the FIFA Futsal Copa América in 2003, moreover, Argentina was world champion in futsal for the visually impaired in 1998. Argentina also compete in the beach football World Cup, where their best finish was third in 2001. British citizens founded social and sports clubs where they could practise their sports, such as bowls, cricket, football, golf, horse riding, rugby union and tennis amongst others. Two English immigrants Thomas and James Hogg organized a meeting on 9 May 1867 in Buenos Aires where the Buenos Aires Football Club was founded. The first recorded match in Argentina took place on this pitch on 20 June 1867. This newspaper, published in Argentina, was the first one to cover football matches in the country, the game was played between two teams of British merchants, the White Caps and the Red Caps. In the 19th century it was practice for teams to be distinguished by caps rather than jerseys. The teams consisted of 8 players each as the organisers were unable to more players for the match. The line-ups were, Thomas Hogg, James Hogg, William Forrester, T. B. Smith, J. W. Bond, Smith, William Heald, T. R. Best, U
2.
Rosario, Santa Fe
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Rosario is the largest city in the province of Santa Fe, in central Argentina. It is located 300 km northwest of Buenos Aires, on the shore of the Paraná River. Rosario is the third most populous city in the country, and is also the most populous city in Argentina that is not a provincial capital, with a growing and important metropolitan area, Greater Rosario has an estimated population of 1,276,000 as of 2012. One of its main attractions includes the architecture that has been retained over the centuries in hundreds of residences, houses. Rosario is the city of the Rosario Department and is located at the heart of the major industrial corridor in Argentina. The city is a railroad terminal and the shipping center for north-eastern Argentina. Ships reach the city via the Paraná River, which allows the existence of a 10-metre-deep port, the Port of Rosario is subject to silting and must be dredged periodically. Exports include wheat, flour, hay, linseed and other oils, corn, sugar, lumber, meat, hides. Manufactured goods include flour, sugar, meat products, and other foodstuffs, the Rosario-Victoria Bridge, opened in 2004, spans the Paraná River, connecting Rosario with the city of Victoria, across the Paraná Delta. Because it plays a role in agricultural commerce, the city finds itself at the center of a continuing debate over taxes levied on big-ticket agricultural goods such as soy. Along with Paraná, Rosario is one of the few Argentine cities that cannot point to an individual as its founder. The citys patron is the Virgin of the Rosary, whose feast day is October 7, the asteroid 14812 Rosario was named in its honor. In 1689, captain Luis Romero de Pineda received part of the lands of the Pago de los Arroyos by royal decree, before that, the area was originally inhabited by Calchaquí tribes in reducciones, a kind of missions founded by Franciscans. These missions were attacked and destroyed by hostile tribes of the Chaco region. Romero de Pineda established the first permanent settlement, an estancia — intended as farmland, in 1719 the Jesuits bought another part and established Estancia San Miguel. The area was still so scarcely populated that it had no authority, it was ruled from the provincial capital. In 1724, another settlement was initiated by Santiago de Montenegro, who set up a mill, drew plans for the future town, built a chapel. The area of control of local government extended northward from todays Rosario
3.
FIFA
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The Fédération Internationale de Football Association is the international governing body of association football, futsal, and beach soccer. FIFA is responsible for the organisation of major international tournaments, notably the World Cup which commenced in 1930. FIFA was founded in 1904 to oversee international competition among the associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden. Headquartered in Zürich, its membership now comprises 211 national associations, although FIFA does not control the rules of football, it is responsible for both the organization of a number of tournaments and their promotion, which generate revenue from sponsorship. In 2013, FIFA had revenues of over 1.3 billion U. S. dollars, for a net profit of 72 million and those among these officials who were also indicted in the U. S. are expected to be extradited to face charges there as well. Many officials were suspended by FIFAs ethics committee including Sepp Blatter, in early 2017 reports became public about FIFA president Gianni Infantino attempting to prevent the re-elections of both chairmen of the ethics committee during the FIFA congress in May 2017. The need for a body to oversee association football became apparent at the beginning of the 20th century with the increasing popularity of international fixtures. The French name and acronym are used even outside French-speaking countries, the founding members were the national associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Also, that day, the German Association declared its intention of affiliating through a telegram. The first president of FIFA was Robert Guérin, Guérin was replaced in 1906 by Daniel Burley Woolfall from England, by then a member of the association. Membership of FIFA expanded beyond Europe with the application of South Africa in 1909, Argentina in 1912, Canada and Chile in 1913, and the United States in 1914. During World War I, with players sent off to war and the possibility of travel for international fixtures severely limited. Post-war, following the death of Woolfall, the organisation was run by Dutchman Carl Hirschmann and it was saved from extinction, but at the cost of the withdrawal of the Home Nations, who cited an unwillingness to participate in international competitions with their recent World War enemies. The Home Nations later resumed their membership, the FIFA collection is held by the National Football Museum at Urbis in Manchester, England. The first World Cup in the world was in 1930 in Montevideo, FIFA is headquartered in Zürich, and is an association established under the Law of Switzerland. FIFAs supreme body is the FIFA Congress, a made up of representatives from each affiliated member association. Each national football association has one vote, regardless of its size or footballing strength, the Congress assembles in ordinary session once every year, and extraordinary sessions have been held once a year since 1998. The congress makes decisions relating to FIFAs governing statutes and their method of implementation and application, only the Congress can pass changes to FIFAs statutes
4.
Argentine Football Association
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The Argentine Football Association is the governing body of football in Argentina. It organises the Primera División and lower divisions, the Argentine Cup, Supercopa Argentina, the association is based in the city of Buenos Aires. Secondly, it organizes the amateur leagues for women, children, youth, Futsal. The Argentine Association Football League was founded on 21 February 1893 by Alexander Watson Hutton, the Argentine Association is the oldest in South America and one of the oldest to be formed outside Europe. In 1906 Florencio Martínez de Hoz became the first Argentine-born President of the Association, some teams moved to the FAF were Gimnasia y Esgrima, Independiente, Estudiantes de La Plata and Atlanta. The league lasted until 1914 when rejoining Asociación Argentina de Football forming a league for the 1915 season. The second dissident league was formed in 1919 and named Asociacion Amateurs de Football, the first round of the recently created professional championship was on 31 May 1931. With 75 presidents of different Argentine clubs voting, the day of the elections something went wrong when the final count resulted in a draw of 38 to 38, the explanation given was that one of the electors put a double vote and that mistake was not reported. As a result, the committee decided to postpone the election. After some meetings to put an end to the conflict, both agreed to have another election in June 2016. In June 2016, AFA president Luis Segura was charged with aggravated administrative fraud, Segura has been replaced on an interim basis by the AFAs executive secretary, Damián Dupiellet. The body has been renamed several times since its establishment in 1893,3 Expelled by the Argentine military dictatorship. 5 Then translated into Spanish as Asociación del Fútbol Argentino in 1946, official site Argentina at FIFA site
5.
Association football
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Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies making it the worlds most popular sport, the game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal, players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers. Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, the team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, the Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football, the first written reference to the inflated ball used in the game was in the mid-14th century, Þe heued fro þe body went, Als it were a foteballe. The Online Etymology Dictionary states that the word soccer was split off in 1863, according to Partha Mazumdar, the term soccer originated in England, first appearing in the 1880s as an Oxford -er abbreviation of the word association. Within the English-speaking world, association football is now usually called football in the United Kingdom and mainly soccer in Canada and the United States. People in Australia, Ireland, South Africa and New Zealand use either or both terms, although national associations in Australia and New Zealand now primarily use football for the formal name. According to FIFA, the Chinese competitive game cuju is the earliest form of football for which there is scientific evidence, cuju players could use any part of the body apart from hands and the intent was kicking a ball through an opening into a net. It was remarkably similar to football, though similarities to rugby occurred. During the Han Dynasty, cuju games were standardised and rules were established, phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup, athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence and they all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified mob football, the antecedent of all football codes. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia, Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England
6.
Argentina
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Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a federal republic in the southern half of South America. With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2, Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second largest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country is subdivided into provinces and one autonomous city, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system, Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands, and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The earliest recorded presence in the area of modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century, Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776. The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with waves of European immigration radically reshaping its cultural. The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the seventh wealthiest developed nation in the world by the early 20th century, Argentina retains its historic status as a middle power in international affairs, and is a prominent regional power in the Southern Cone and Latin America. Argentina has the second largest economy in South America, the third-largest in Latin America and is a member of the G-15 and it is the country with the second highest Human Development Index in Latin America with a rating of very high. Because of its stability, market size and growing high-tech sector, the description of the country by the word Argentina has to be found on a Venice map in 1536. In English the name Argentina probably comes from the Spanish language, however the naming itself is not Spanish, Argentina means in Italian of silver, silver coloured, probably borrowed from the Old French adjective argentine of silver > silver coloured already mentioned in the 12th century. The French word argentine is the form of argentin and derives of argent silver with the suffix -in. The Italian naming Argentina for the country implies Argentina Terra land of silver or Argentina costa coast of silver, in Italian, the adjective or the proper noun is often used in an autonomous way as a substantive and replaces it and it is said lArgentina. The name Argentina was probably first given by the Venitian and Genoese navigators, in Spanish and Portuguese, the words for silver are respectively plata and prata and of silver is said plateado and prateado. Argentina was first associated with the silver mountains legend, widespread among the first European explorers of the La Plata Basin. The first written use of the name in Spanish can be traced to La Argentina, a 1602 poem by Martín del Barco Centenera describing the region, the 1826 constitution included the first use of the name Argentine Republic in legal documents. The name Argentine Confederation was also used and was formalized in the Argentine Constitution of 1853. In 1860 a presidential decree settled the name as Argentine Republic
7.
Rosario Central
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Club Atlético Rosario Central is a sports club based in Rosario, Argentina, that plays in the Argentine Primera División. The club was officially founded December 24,1889 by a group of railway workers, originally member of the Rosarios Football Association, the club affiliated to the Argentine Football Association in 1939. Since then, Rosario Central has won the Argentines First Division four times, in addition, Rosario Central won the Conmebol Cup once, in 1995, being the only team in Santa Fe province which has won an official international title recognised by FIFA. In 2012, the club was considered by FIFA as one of the 11 most classical clubs in Argentine football, Rosario Central has a strong rivalry with Newells Old Boys. The matches played between them are named El Clasico Rosarino, and is amongst the most heated rivalries in Argentina due to teams and due to Rosario Centrals local popularity. Rosario Centrals home stadium is Estadio Dr. Lisandro de la Torre, the club was founded as the Central Argentine Railway Athletic Club on December 24,1889, by 16 British railway workers of the British-owned Central Argentine Railway company as a football club. They wanted to be unlike Rosario Cricket Club which was focused on rugby union, both the first president and the first vice-president were British. The recently created club played its first match with the crew of a British ship, the game ended 1–1 so a new game was played, that was won by the Argentine club by 2–1. During many years Central Argentine played only internal matches or faced the Rosario Cricket Club occasionally, the British-owned railway did not allow people from outside the company to become a member. In 1904 the railway companies Central Argentino and Buenos Aires merged so the members decided to modify the name of the institution. The club changed to Club Atlético Rosario Central and also decided to accept new members with no restrictions, the Liga Rosarina de Football was created in March 1905, formed by teams from the city of Rosario, Santa Fe. The first tournament managed by the league was the Copa Santiago Pinasco, named that way because the Mayor of Rosario, Santiago Pinasco, Central debuted on May 21,1905, defeating Rosario Athletic by 3–1. On June, Central played a match against English team Nottingham Forest. Rosario Central won its first regional title in 1908, in 1913 the club disaffiliated from the Liga Rosarina, founding with other clubs the dissident Federación Rosarina de Football. Central won this league in 1913, in 1914 Central would return to Liga Rosarina, winning the championship after playing 20 matches, winning 19 games with 1 draw. The team scored 99 goals and only conceded 10, being Harry Hayes the top scorer of the tournament with 51 goals, the squad also would win the 1915,1916 and 1917 regional titles, becoming four-champion of the Rosarian League. In 1919, Central won the Rosario´s league title again, winning 3–2 the final match against their rivals, Newells Old Boys. In 1920 Rosario Central left the again, and joined other clubs to form the Asociación Amateur
8.
Newell's Old Boys
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Club Atlético Newells Old Boys is an Argentine sports club based in Rosario, Santa Fe. The club was founded on 3 November 1903, and is named after Isaac Newell, originally a member of Rosarios Football Association, Newells affiliated to the Argentine Football Association in 1939. They were the 2013 champions in Argentine football, and have won AFAs Primera División six times throughout their history, Newells has also been twice Copa Libertadores runner-up. The clubs football stadium is the Estadio Marcelo Bielsa, named after the former player and manager Marcelo Bielsa. Newells plays the Rosario derby against Rosario Central, a club with which they have a historical rivalry. Newells is also notable for its youth divisions, being the club with most national titles in AFAs youth tournaments. Lionel Messi also played in the youths, but left at a young age to Barcelona to seek treatment for his growth hormone deficiency. Other sports practised at this club are basketball, boxing, field hockey, martial arts, roller skating, club Atlético Newells Old Boys was established on 3 November 1903. Claudio Newell was one of the founding members, Newell called teachers, pupils and alumni of the school to sign the act of foundation of the club. The name chosen paid tribute to Isaac Newells life, the first president was Víctor Heitz. The name old boys is referred to graduates of a school, therefore, Newells Old Boys would mean Graduates of Newells school or something similar. In fact, the players of the first football team were graduates of that school, the colours of the club were taken from the Colegio Comercial Anglicano Argentino emblem that were red and black inspired in the colours of the English and German flags respectively. Newells Old Boys is often referred to as leprosos because the team was invited to a charity match to raise funds for a leprosy sufferers of Hospital Carrasco, in the 1920s. The club immediately accepted to take part in the event, but Rosario Central did not so, the main objective was to organise a championship, so a trophy was donated by the major of Rosario, Santiago Pinasco. The trophy was named in his honour. Newells was the winner of the first edition, having won eight games, the team also scored 39 goals, conceding just 4. Previously, the historic first Rosarino derby had been held, Newells won 1–0 with a goal scored by Faustino González. The next year Newells won its second championship, in 1907, the Liga Rosarina established a second division
9.
Club Gimnasia y Esgrima de Rosario
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Club Gimnasia y Esgrima de Rosario is an Argentine multi-sports club from Rosario, Santa Fe. The rugby union section has won several titles for the club. In 1902, a club from Rosario, Estudiantes Football Club, was interested in acquiring its own land for the practise of sports. Members of the club put their eyes on a field located in the public park Parque de la Independencia, the then Governor of Rosario interceded in the dispute, giving the land to both clubs, under the condition that they had to merge into one. Therefore, on 10 September 1904 a new club was established, Football was the first sport practised at the club, with Atlético Argentino being invited to join a new league established in 1905, that would be the first organised football body of Rosario. At the request of president of Newells Old Boys, Víctor Heitz, therefore Liga Rosarina de Football was established with Atlético Argentino as founding member along with Newells, Rosario Central and Rosario A. C. The body organised a second division tournament that became the first competition in Santa Fe Province, the trophy awarded to winner team was donated by major of Rosario, Santiago Pinasco, and named after him. Athletics consolidated as the sport in importance of the club. One of the most predominant sportsmen of that era was Camilo Zanni, the race track was later named in his honour. The club hosted the first athletic championship of Rosario, currently Torneo del Centenario, on 9 August 1910 an assembly was held, changing the name to Club Gimnasia y Esgrima de Rosario. The name Gimnasia was due to athletics was not considered a sports by its own, emilio Dotto was the general manager by then. In 1920 the club affiliated to Federación Atlética Argentina while the built an new racetrack in the Parque Independencia. The track is opened in 1921 and organized a championship as part of the celebration, gimasia y Esgrima owns three facilities, Central, Located in the centre of Rosario city, the headquarters are also there. The facility has also a stadium with more than 2,000 m2. Entertainment areas include a restaurant, a playroom for children, a reading room, Parque Independencia, Located in the homonymous public park of Rosario, it was the first facility of the institution when it was established in 1904. Athletics, field hockey, football, rugby and tennis are the sports practised there, pueblo Esther, Based in the homonymous village, located 38 km from the city of Rosario. The facilities includes football, rugby union and hockey fields, paddle, tennis and volleyball courts, a racetrack, a wall for basque pelota. The amusement area includes a restaurant, a playroom, grills, parking, the total surface of this facility is 257,000 m2
10.
Tie Cup
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The Tie Cup Competition is a defunct international football tournament played between representatives of the Argentina, Rosario and Uruguay Associations. It was one of the earliest international football tournaments played between members of different national football associations, the cup was donated by Francis Hepburn Chevallier Boutell, the president of Argentine Association Football League, in 1900. The tournament was played on a basis until 1919. Between 1900 and 1906 qualifiers from the three contested the semi-finals 2 from the Argentine football association,1 from Rosario and one from the Uruguayan football association. From 1907 to 1919 only the match was international, contested between one representative each from Argentina and Uruguay. The participants were determined via qualification cups, the following list includes all the editions of the Tie Cup Competition, Copa de Competencia Jockey Club Copa de Competencia
11.
Buenos Aires
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Buenos Aires is the capital and most populous city of Argentina. The city is located on the shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata. The city of Buenos Aires is neither part of Buenos Aires Province nor the Provinces capital, rather, in 1880, after decades of political infighting, Buenos Aires was federalized and removed from Buenos Aires Province. The city limits were enlarged to include the towns of Belgrano and Flores, the 1994 constitutional amendment granted the city autonomy, hence its formal name, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Its citizens first elected a chief of government in 1996, previously, Buenos Aires is considered an alpha city by the study GaWC5. Buenos Aires quality of life was ranked 81st in the world and one of the best in Latin America in 2012 and it is the most visited city in South America, and the second-most visited city of Latin America. Buenos Aires is a top tourist destination, and is known for its preserved Spanish/European-style architecture, Buenos Aires held the 1st Pan American Games in 1951 as well as hosting two venues in the 1978 FIFA World Cup. Buenos Aires will host the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics and the 2018 G20 summit, Buenos Aires is a multicultural city, being home to multiple ethnic and religious groups. Several languages are spoken in the city in addition to Spanish, contributing to its culture, the hill was known to them as Buen Ayre, as it was free of the foul smell prevalent in the old city, which is adjacent to swampland. During the siege of Cagliari, the Aragonese built a sanctuary to the Virgin Mary on top of the hill, in 1335, King Alfonso the Gentle donated the church to the Mercedarians, who built an abbey that stands to this day. In the years after that, a story circulated, claiming that a statue of the Virgin Mary was retrieved from the sea after it miraculously helped to calm a storm in the Mediterranean Sea, the statue was placed in the abbey. Spanish sailors, especially Andalusians, venerated this image and frequently invoked the Fair Winds to aid them in their navigation, a sanctuary to the Virgin of Buen Ayre would be later erected in Seville. Pedro de Mendoza called the city Holy Mary of the Fair Winds, mendoza’s settlement soon came under attack by indigenous people, and was abandoned in 1541. For many years, the name was attributed to a Sancho del Campo, a second settlement was established in 1580 by Juan de Garay, who sailed down the Paraná River from Asunción. Garay preserved the name chosen by Mendoza, calling the city Ciudad de la Santísima Trinidad y Puerto de Santa María del Buen Aire. The short form Buenos Aires became the common usage during the 17th century, the usual abbreviation for Buenos Aires in Spanish is Bs. As. It is common as well to refer to it as B. A. or BA /ˌbiːˈeɪ/ bee-AY), while BA is used more by expats residing in the city, the locals more often use the abbreviation Baires, in one word. Seaman Juan Díaz de Solís, navigating in the name of Spain, was the first European to reach the Río de la Plata in 1516 and his expedition was cut short when he was killed during an attack by the native Charrúa tribe in what is now Uruguay
12.
Uruguay
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Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in the southeastern region of South America. It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the Río de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uruguay is home to an estimated 3.42 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the area of its capital and largest city. With an area of approximately 176,000 square kilometres, Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America, only larger in size than Suriname. Uruguay was inhabited by the Charrúa people for approximately 4000 years before the Portuguese established Colonia del Sacramento, one of the oldest European settlements in the region, in 1680. Montevideo was founded as a stronghold by the Spanish in the early 18th century. Uruguay won its independence between 1811 and 1828, following a struggle between Spain, Portugal, Argentina and Brazil. It remained subject to influence and intervention throughout the 19th century. Modern Uruguay is a constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. Uruguay is ranked first in Latin America in democracy, peace, lack of corruption, e-government, on a per-capita basis, Uruguay contributes more troops to United Nations peace-keeping missions than any other country. It ranks second in the region on economic freedom, income equality, per-capita income, Uruguay is the third-best country on the continent in terms of HDI, GDP growth, innovation and infrastructure. It is regarded as a country by the UN. Uruguay is also the third-best ranked in the world in e-Participation, Uruguay is an important global exporter of combed wool, rice, soybeans, frozen beef, malt and milk. Nearly 95% of Uruguays electricity comes from energy, mostly hydroelectric facilities. The Economist named Uruguay country of the year in 2013, acknowledging the innovative policy of legalizing the production, sale, the name of the namesake river comes from the Spanish pronunciation of the regional Guarani word for it. There are several interpretations, including bird-river, the name could also refer to a river snail called uruguá that was plentiful in the water. The only documented inhabitants of Uruguay before European colonization of the area were the Charrúa, the Portuguese discovered the region of present-day Uruguay in 1512. The Spanish arrived in present-day Uruguay in 1516, the indigenous peoples fierce resistance to conquest, combined with the absence of gold and silver, limited their settlement in the region during the 16th and 17th centuries
13.
Alumni Athletic Club
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Alumni Athletic Club, or simply Alumni, was an Argentine football team active during the first years of the sport in that country. The squad was active until 1911 and was disbanded in 1913 due to internal problems, during its run in Primera División, Alumni achieved 10 championships and many national and international cups, becoming one of the most important clubs in the history of Argentine football. On 25 February 1882, Scottish Professor Alexander Watson Hutton arrived to Buenos Aires, Watson Hutton then created the Buenos Aires English High School to put in practise his ideas about education, with a special predilection for football. The BAEHS opened on 1 February 1884, to start with the practise of football in Argentina, Waton Hutton brought William Watters from Scotland, to work as a trainer. It was Watters who brought the first footballs from Great Britain to Argentina, in 1891 Alec Lamont, from St. Andrews, created the Argentine Football Association League. The following teams were registered, St. Andrews Scots School, Old Caledonians, Buenos Aires and Rosario Railway, nevertheless, this new tournament was badly criticized and was boycotted by most of the clubs. The title was won by St. Andrews, considered today as the first Argentine Primera División champion ever being recognised even by the Argentine Football Association, the Argentine Association Football League was dissolved after the 1891 season. As a result, in 1892 no championship was held, on 21 February 1893, Watson Hutton created a new football league with the same name, with himself as its first president. The BAEHS decided not to part in the 1894 championship. The BAEHS team returned to Primera División for the 1895 championship, the team made a poor campaign, finishing in the last position. The BAESH would not take part in a Primera División tournament until 1900, as they had done in 1894, the students of the school played for other teams during this period. In 1898 the Minister of Justice and Public Instruction ruled that teaching of physical exercises would be obligatory for all the schools programs. Furthermore, it was required each school had to create a sports club formed by their current. As a result, on 3 October 1898, English High School Athletic Club was founded, the championship was won by Banfield, English High School A. C. was the runner up. In 1900 the club decided to compete at the Primera División tournaments again and it began the long series of titles won by the team during its short existence in Argentine football. At the end of the season, the Buenos Aires Herald newspaper decided to award a trophy to the most popular team of Argentina, to establish this, the Herald made a survey among its readers, who had to send a voucher indicating their favorite team. The survey finished on 31 July 1900, and the English High School AC was awarded as the most popular team with 6.942 votes, followed by Quilmes and Belgrano Athletic. In 1901 the Association forbade football teams to use names of Schools so BAEHS had to register a new name to play at football tournaments
14.
Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club
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Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club is a defunct Uruguayan sports club, originally established as a cricket and football institution by British railway workers. The football section of the club still remains named Club Atlético Peñarol and those lands had been used for agriculture only and famous because of the best quality of its vineyards and fruits. One of the achievements of the company was the establishment of a rural school in the town. Due to the activity, the village became populous. The sons of blonde Albion, who were part of the company, the first committee was formed by eight members, Mr. Hudson, Lucy, Moor, Davenport, Hopkins, Davies and Penny. They chose Mr. Frank Henderson as the first president of the club, the membership fee was established in $0,50. One day later, the committee resolved to name the club Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club and that same day two members of the committee were chosen to write the rules, while two other members were chosen to search for a field to practice sports. The club also designated three members to take over advertising with the purpose of bringing new members to the institution, the article I of clubs statute stated that the club colors would be black and orange and that only workers of Central Railway would be admitted as members. Nevertheless, the committee could admit people outside the company but they were not allowed to vote in case of being accepted, at the beginning, all the CURCC presidents were managers of the CUR. In 1907 the company appointed W. Bayne as manager and sent him to Montevideo, when the CURCC executives told Bayne he was the new president of the institution, he did not accept the offer, alleging that the coaches damaged by the supporters led to significant costs. Other reason given by Bayne was the lack of players-workers, CURCC took part of the recently created Primera División of Uruguay, along with Nacional, other team from Montevideo with whom CURCC had a strong rivalry. While CURCC represented the British immigrants to Uruguay and rail workers as well, the club took part of 13 editions of the domestic championship, winning it in five occasions between 1900 and 1911. CURCC also won the Copa de Competencia three times, internationally, the squad won the Copa de Honor Cousenier twice. Having been established as a club, football began to be practised at CURCC in 1892, relegating other sports, such as cricket. The first football match played by CURCC was that year versus a combined team of English High School. The match was won by CURCC 3-2, the club was also known as Peñarol due to the neighborhood where it had been established. In 1912 a new committee was organized in order to some of the CURCC statute books. The proposals were to give a bigger participation to non-railway employed members, another suggestion was to rename the club CURCC Peñarol
15.
Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires
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Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires was an Argentine official football cup competition. It was contested fourteen times between 1905 and 1920 and this cup was played by teams from Buenos Aires and Rosario. The champion of this tournament qualified to play the Copa de Honor Cousenier versus the winner of Uruguayan Copa de Honor representing the Association of that country. In 1936, a new Copa de Honor was played under a regular Primera División season, san Lorenzo finished 1st and was awarded the cup. In July 2013, the Argentine Football Association recognized the 1936 edition as a Primera División honour awarded to the club, the following list includes all the editions of the Copa de Honor, Copa de Honor Cousenier Copa de Honor
16.
Santa Fe Province
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The Province of Santa Fe is a province of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, together with Córdoba and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economico-political association known as the Center Region. Santa Fes most important cities are Rosario, the capital Santa Fe, Rafaela, Villa Gobernador Gálvez, Venado Tuerto, Reconquista, and Santo Tomé. The adult literacy rate in the province is 96. 3% The aboriginal tribes who inhabited this region were the Tobas, Timbúes, Mocovíes, Pilagás, Guaycurúes and they were nomadic, lived from hunting, fishing and fruit recollection. In 1573 Juan de Garay founded the city of Santa Fe in the surroundings of present town Cayastá, but the city was moved in 1651 and 1660 to its present location. In 1812 the lawyer and general Manuel Belgrano created and displayed for the first time the Argentine flag on the banks of the Paraná River and this period was short lived, since that same year Candioti died and central government reestablished the dependent government. However, in 1816, the caudillos Mariano Vera and Estanislao López deposed the governor delegate and proclaimed the sovereignty of the province, during the civil strifes of 1820, Santa Fe troops were decisive in the defeat of Buenos Aires centralist army. So, in time, López gradually became the Federations Patriarch, after Lópezs death it was his secretary and right hand, José María Cullen the one elected governor. These two parties had many strong electoral contests with the conservative parties. After the Electoral Reform of Roque Sáenz Peña in 1912, the UCR reached the government, during this time, more precisely in 1919, the National University of the Littoral was founded. In 1932 it was the PDP who got the governors seat, the contentious 1958 elections brought an ally of President-elect Arturo Frondizi to power in Santa Fe, Dr. Carlos Sylvestre Begnis. The tunnel, most of which runs under the massive Paraná River, is the longest in Argentina, forced to resign after conservative pressure drove Pres. Frondizi from office in 1962, Begnis had the satisfaction of seeing Hernandarias open in 1969, Santa Fe suffered the violence of the late 70s and the depression of the 1980s more than most other provinces. It continued to languish economically during the prosperous 1990s, as the revalued Argentine peso put pressure on its productive sectors, touching bottom around 2002, its economy has grown by 7% a year since then. Most of the consists of green flatlands, part of the humid Pampas. There are low sierras to the west, the south presents lower temperatures, averaging 14 °C, and slightly less precipitations. Thunderstorms are common, and so are heat waves what can bring temperatures up to 40 °C and these are often interrupted by cold fronts that bring crisp, cool weather from the south. March brings cooler nights in the south, and April brings comfortable weather, with highs ranging from 22 °C in the south to 26 °C in the north, winter is dryer in the west of the province and wetter in the east
17.
Copa de Competencia Jockey Club
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Copa de Competencia Jockey Club is a defunct official football tournament which took place in Argentina between 1907 and 1933. The winner of this Cup was allowed to play the Tie Cup against the Uruguayan champion of Copa de Competencia, the Copa de Competencia Jockey Club was first awarded in 1907, being Alumni its first winner. Teams affiliated to the Argentine Football Association and Federación Rosarina de Football were allowed to enter to this competition, rosarian teams participated until the 1919 edition. From the 1921 edition, only teams from the cities of Buenos Aires, after the final edition of the Tie Cup in 1919, the Copa de Competencia Jockey Club was played on four more occasions in 1921,1925,1931 and 1936. It was contested on a total of 17 occasions and the most successful teams were Alumni, the following list includes all the editions of the Copa de Competencia, Copa de Competencia Tie Cup Copa de Competencia overview page at RSSSF
18.
Tiro Federal
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Club Atlético Tiro Federal Argentino is an Argentine football club from the city of Rosario, in Santa Fe Province. The team currently plays in Torneo Argentino A, the division of the Argentine football league system. Founded on March 29,1905, Tiro Federal was one of the members of the Rosario amateur league in 1907. In 1962 Tiro Federal withdrew its team 12 rounds before the end of the competition and was expelled from the AFA, Tiro then returned to play in the Rosario league, but then financial problems made the club leave the local league. Businessman Carlos Dávola took over the management of the club at the end the 1990s, in 1997 Tiro won the local second division, and then the first division in 1999,2000 and 2001. At the same time it participated in Torneo Argentino B in the 1998–99 season, finishing in second place, at the end of their first tournament in the First Division, in the 2005 season, Tiro Federal ended 19th out of 20 teams. However, one of its players, Javier Cámpora, ended as the top scorer of the tournament, on April 8,2006, Tiro Federal was relegated to Primera B Nacional, the second division of Argentine football. At the end of 2010–11 season, after spending four years in the second division, Tiro Federals stadium is located at the Ludueña neighborhood of Rosario. Known as El Fortín de Ludueña, the stadium doesnt comply with regulations for first division matches and it currently plays at the Club Real Arroyo Secos stadium in the nearby city of Arroyo Seco, and for specially important matches, at Newells Old Boys stadium. Note, Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules, players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Primera B Nacional, 2004–05 Torneo Argentino A, 2002–03 Torneo Argentino B, 1998–99 Primera C,1952 Copa Dr
19.
Uruguay national football team
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The Uruguay national football team represents Uruguay in international association football and is controlled by the Uruguayan Football Association, the governing body for football in Uruguay. The current head coach is Óscar Tabárez, the Uruguayan team is commonly referred to as La Celeste. The Uruguayan team recently won the 2011 Copa América and they have won the Copa América 15 times, being the team that has won the tournament on most occasions. The team has won the FIFA World Cup twice, including the first World Cup in 1930 as hosts and they won their second title in 1950, upsetting host Brazil 2–1 in the final match, which received an attendance higher than any football match ever. They have won the Gold Medals in football at the Summer Olympics twice, in 1924 and 1928 recognized by FIFA as World Cup, Uruguay also won the 1980 Mundialito, a tournament among former World Cup champions. In total, Uruguay have won 20 official titles, a record for the most international titles held by any country. Another unique achievement of Uruguay is that it´s the only nation in football to organize multiple major international tournaments in own country. La Celeste won 7 Copa América tournaments,1 World Cup and Mundialito and their success is amplified by the fact that the nation has a very small population of around 3.4 million inhabitants. Uruguay is by far the smallest country in the world to have won a World Cup in terms of population,1.75 million inhabitants in 1930. The second-smallest country, by population, to have won the World Cup is Argentina with a population of nearly 28 million people in 1978, in 1901, Uruguay played against Argentina in their first ever match, a close contest won by Argentina 3–2. Prior to 1916, Uruguay played more than 30 matches, of which all, the inaugural Copa America provided Uruguay with more varied opposition. Victories over Chile and Brazil, along with a tie against Argentina, the following year Uruguay hosted the competition, and retained the title by winning every game. The 1919 Copa América saw Uruguays first defeat in the tournament, in 1924, the Uruguay team traveled to Paris to become the first South American team to compete in the Olympic Games. In contrast to the style of the European teams of the era, Uruguay played a style based around short passes. In the 1928 Summer Olympics, Uruguay went to Amsterdam to defend their title, FIFA assumed the responsibility of the organization of the Football Games to be played by FIFA rules and the tournaments would be recognized as World Championships. It only happened twice until the creation of its own FIFA World Championship, following the double Olympic triumph, Uruguay was chosen as the host nation for the first World Cup, held in 1930, the centenary of Uruguays first constitution. During the World Cup, Uruguay won all its matches, for the 1938 World Cup, France was chosen as host, contrary to a previous agreement to alternate the championships between South America and Europe, so Uruguay again refused to participate. Uruguay again won the World Cup in 1950, beating hosts Brazil in one of the biggest upsets in World Cup history, the decisive match was at the Maracanã Stadium in Brazil
20.
Argentino de Rosario
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Club Atlético Argentino, commonly known as Argentino de Rosario, is an Argentine football club from the city of Rosario, Santa Fe. The team currently plays in Primera D Metropolitana, the fifth division of the Argentine football league system. The club was known as Club Embarcadero. 1946 was Argentinos most successful year, having reached the 2nd position in the Primera B tournament, Argentino lost its penultimate match against Tiro Federal, and could not reach the promotion to Primera División. Argentino has never played at the top level of Argentine football, note, Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality, Primera B,1 1998–99 Primera C,11983 Unofficial site El Salaíto
21.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
22.
Argentina national football team
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The Argentina national football team represents Argentina in football and is controlled by the Argentine Football Association, the governing body for football in Argentina. Argentinas home stadium is Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti in Buenos Aires, la Selección, also known as the Albicelestes, has appeared in five World Cup finals, including the first final in 1930, which they lost 4–2 to Uruguay. Argentina won in their final appearance in 1978, beating the Netherlands at extra time. Argentina, led by Diego Maradona won again in 1986, a 3–2 victory over West Germany and they again made the World Cup finals in 1990, and lost 1–0 to West Germany following a controversial penalty call in the 87th minute. Argentina made their appearance in a World Cup final in 2014, again losing to Germany. Argentinas World Cup winning managers are César Luis Menotti in 1978, Argentina has been very successful in the Copa América, winning it 14 times and also winning the extra South American Championships in 1941,1945 and 1946. The team also won the FIFA Confederations Cup and the Kirin Cup, both in 1992, and the Argentine olympic team won the Olympics football tournaments in Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008. Argentina, Brazil and France are the national teams that have won the three most important mens titles recognized by FIFA, the World Cup, the Confederations Cup. They have also won their continental championship. Argentina is known for having rivalries with Brazil, Uruguay, England, the first match ever recorded by Argentina was against Uruguay. The game was held in Montevideo on 16 May 1901 and Argentina won 3–2, during the first years of its existence, the Argentina national team only played friendly matches against other South American teams. The reasons for this varied, including long travel times between countries and World War I, la Selección, also known as the Albicelestes, has appeared in five World Cup finals, including the first final in 1930, which they lost, 4–2, to Uruguay. Argentina won in their final in 1978, beating the Netherlands. Argentina, led by Diego Maradona won again in 1986, a 3–2 victory over West Germany and their most recent World Cup final was in 2014, which they lost 1–0 to Germany. Previous to this their last World Cup final was in 1990, argentinas World Cup winning managers are César Luis Menotti in 1978, and Carlos Bilardo in 1986. Argentina has been successful in the Copa América, winning it 14 times. The team also won the FIFA Confederations Cup and the Kirin Cup, both in 1992, and an Argentina team won the Olympics football tournaments in Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008. Argentina also won six of the 14 football competitions at the Pan American Games, in March 2007, Argentina reached the top of the FIFA World Rankings for the first time
23.
History of the Argentina national football team
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Since its establishment, the Argentina national team has appeared in five FIFA World Cup finals, including the first final in 1930,1978 beating the Netherlands), the 1986,1990 and 2014. Argentina has been successful in the Copa América, winning it 14 times. The team also won the FIFA Confederations Cup and the Kirin Cup, both in 1992, and the Argentine olympic team won the Olympics football tournaments in Athens 2004, although the first match ever recorded by an Argentine side was played on 16 May 1901 against Uruguay. Nevertheless, this is not considered a game due to the match not being organized by Uruguays football association but by Albion FC in its home field. The Uruguayan side had nine players from club and the remainder from Nacional. Argentina won the match by 3-2, the first official game played by Argentina was held in the same venue, on 20 July 1902 against Uruguay. The goals were scored by Dickinson, Arímalo, Morgan, Carve Urioste, Anderson, during its first years of existence, the national team played only friendly matches until 1905, when the first edition of Lipton Cup was held. It was a cup organized by both Argentine and Uruguayan Football Associations, with its last edition being contested in 1992, the first official title won by Argentina was the 1906 Copa Lipton, defeating Uruguay 2–0 in Montevideo. That same year, Argentina also played the Newton Cup, another competition organized by associations, earning the trophy after defeating Uruguay 2–1 in Buenos Aires. In the following years, matches played by the Argentine side were against South American teams only, the reasons varied from the long time the trips took to another countries by then to World War I. Argentina would win four consecutive Newton Cups from 1907 to 1911, after some Uruguayan victories, Argentina won the 1913,1915 and 1916 Lipton and 1916 Newton Cup trophies. In 1916, Argentina contested the first tournament organized by CONMEBOL, the host plus Brazil, Chile and Uruguay were the only teams contesting the inaugural competition. During that tournament Argentina played three matches, defeating Chile 6–0 and drawing Brazil and Uruguay, who became champions on goal difference. The line-up at the final was, Isola, Díaz, Reyes, Martínez, Olazar, Badaracco, Heissinger, Ohaco, H. Hayes, E. Hayes, Argentina won its first South American championship in 1921, also held in Buenos Aires. The squad won all the games disputed, defeating Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay to earn six points with no goals received, notable players of that team were goalkeeper Américo Tesoriere and striker Pedro Calomino. Julio Libonatti was also top scorer. In 1924, Argentina played a match against Uruguay at Sportivo Barracas stadium. When only 15 minutes had been played, winger Cesáreo Onzari scored from a corner kick, due to the fact that Uruguay was the Olympic champion, this play was called Gol Olímpico
24.
Argentina national under-23 football team
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The Argentina Olympic football team represents Argentina in international football competitions in the Olympic Games. The selection is limited to players under the age of 23, the team is controlled by the Argentine Football Association. Argentina took part for the first time in 1928 Summer Olympics held in the Netherlands, the team advanced to the final after defeating United States with a thrashing 11–2 in the first round, and Belgium in the second. In the semi-finals, the team smashed Egypt by 6–0 to qualify for the final against Uruguay. The first match ended in a 1–1 tie so a game had to be played three days later. In the decisive match, Uruguay won the tournament after defeating Argentina 2–1, the Argentine line-up was Bossio, Bidoglio, Paternóster, Médice, Monti, Evaristo, Carricaberri, Tarasconi, Ferreira, Perduca, Orsi. In 1932 no football tournament was held, restarting the activities in 1936, because of an agreement between FIFA and IOC, only amateur players were allowed to play the football tournaments from then on. Argentina returned to competition in the 1960 games held in Rome. The squad was eliminated in the first round after a 3–2 loss to Denmark, although the team won its games against Tunisia. Argentinas next participation was in the 1964 Summer Olympics organized by Tokyo, where the finished in the last position of the groupd after a 1–1 draw with Ghana. Since then, Argentina had an absence of the games. The national team returned for the 1988 Summer Olympics held in Seoul, in the group stage, Argentina tied 1–1 to the United States then defeated South Korea 2–1, finishing second to the Soviet Union and qualifying to the next stage. In the quarter-finals, Argentina lost to Brazil 2–1, being eliminated from the competition, since 1992, male competitors must be under 23 years old, then since 199623 years old players with three over-23 players allowed per squad. Nevertheless, Argentina did not qualify to play that edition, Argentina came back to the competition in the 1996 edition held in Atlanta, United States. For the first time in the history of the Olympics, the IOC allowed football representatives to register a maximum of three above-23 players, the Argentine players registered under that condition were Diego Simeone, José Chamot and Roberto Sensini. Former senior team captain Daniel Passarella was the manager, the national team debuted with a 3–1 victory over the United States, then tied to Portugal and Tunisia, both 1–1, to finish first the group and qualify for the second round. In the quarter-finals, Argentina trashed Spain 4–0 which allowed the team to pass to the semi-finals, after 66 years since the first final played in Amsterdam, Argentina reached its second Olympic final. The match was played on 3 August 1996 and Argentina lost to Nigeria 2–3
25.
Argentina national under-20 football team
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The Argentina national under-20 football team is the representative of Argentina in FIFA sponsored tournaments that pertain to that age level. Argentina is the most successful nation in the FIFA World Youth Championship, the team has participated in 14 of the 20 World Championship events, since the 1979 edition, which they won. Argentina has also won five South American Youth Championships, Argentina did not participate of the first youth championship held in Tunisia. The first appearance of a team in an under-20 competition was two years later at the 1979 FIFA World Youth Championship in Tokyo. Diego Maradona and Ramón Díaz were the leaders and most notable players of the squad. The tournament was also the first official championship played by Maradona in a national team, Argentina debuted in Group B thrashing Indonesia 5–0 in the first match, beating Yugoslavia 1–0 in the second and defeating Poland in the third match, 4–1. The youth squad finished first in the group with ten goals scored, en route to the final, Argentina hammered Algeria 5–0, then defeated arch-rival Uruguay 2–0. In the final against the Soviet Union on 7 September, the team won 3–1, Ramón Díaz won the Golden Shoe as the topscorer, with eight goals, while Maradona was awarded the Golden Ball as best player of the tournament. Apart from Maradona and Díaz, other players of the team were Juan Simón, Hugo Alves, Gabriel Calderón, Juan Barbas. That team is regarded as one of the best Argentine national squads ever. Argentina attended the tournament, hosted by Australia in 1981. The squad was defeated by the local host, then achieving a draw with England, Argentina did not qualify to the next stage, however, earning only three points after three matches played. The national team made a better performance at the 1983 championship hosted by Mexico. On the first round, Argentina thrashed China 5–0, then widely defeated Austria and beat Czechoslovakia in the last game, the team finished first in the group with zero goals conceded. In the quarter-finals, Argentina defeated Netherlands 2–1 and Poland 1–0 in the semi-finals, on 19 June 1983, Argentina played the final against Brazil, falling 1–0 at the Estadio Azteca. The team was coached by Carlos Pachamé, designated by the Senior team coach, Carlos Bilardo, to work with youth players. Argentina did not qualify to play the 1985 and 1987 championships, Argentina was defeated by Spain in the first match. The team recovered winning the game to Norway 2–0, but although it lost the last match to Iraq
26.
Argentina women's national football team
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The Argentina womens national football team represents Argentina in international womens football. Since there is no league in Argentina, almost all its members were amateur players until 1991. Nevertheless, Argentina follows Brazil in the CONMEBOL standings, on November 26,2006, in the finals of the 2006 Sudamericano Femenino, Argentina beat Brazil to take the title. At the final, they win the medal by a 2–1 victory against Chile. Despite a lack of investment, Argentina still managed to qualify for their first two Womens World Cup in USA2003 and China 2007, though they were eliminated in the Group Stage of both tournaments. Roster for the 2014 Copa América Femenina Head coach, Luis Nicosia Argentina national football team Argentina and Brazil football rivalry Official website FIFA profile
27.
Argentine football league system
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The Argentine football league system include tournaments organised by the Argentine Football Association. Clubs affiliated to the body compete in the tournaments, which are split into categories or divisions, rules establish a system of promotion and relegation, a process where teams are transferred between two divisions based on their performance for the completed season. Tournaments organised by the Association and its predecessors have held since 1893. Nevertheless, the first championship was organised by the Argentine Association Football League in 1891, the body dissolved that same year but the current association included the 1891 in its list of championships. Only clubs directly affiliated to AFA had taken part in tournaments organised by the body, the second group is formed clubs not directly affiliated to AFA that play in regional leagues, under the supervision of Consejo Federal de Fútbol, dependent on the AFA. Competitions reserved for those clubs are Torneo Federal A, Torneo Federal B, AFA official website Fútbol Interior Ascenso del Interior
28.
Primera B Nacional
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Primera B Nacional is the second division of the Argentine football league system, made up of 23 teams in the 2016–17 season. It is played by teams all over the country. In the league system of Argentine football, Nacional B is the second-highest league, Primera B Nacional games are often transmitted to Argentina and abroad on television by TyC Sports. It was created in 1985 to integrate unaffiliated clubs into the Argentine football structure and it brought together teams from the old Primera B and regional leagues from several Argentine provinces. For the 2016-17 season, the participating teams will play each other twice for a total of forty-six matches. Teams receive three points for a win, one point for a draw, and no points for a loss, teams are ranked by total points. The Champion and the team are automatically promoted to the Primera División. Four teams will be relegated at the end of the season, since the first season held in 1986-87, the following teams have crowned champions of the division, Official webpage
29.
Copa Argentina
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The tournament was re-launched in 2011, with teams of all divisions that form the Argentine football league system taking part of the championship. The winner of Copa Argentina qualifies for the Supercopa Argentina against the champions of Primera División. Boca Juniors is the most successful team with three titles, a new international competition, Copa Ganadores de Copa, would be held by CONMEBOL in 1970 as the South American equivalence of UEFA Cup Winners Cup. AFA thus started a cup competition, the Copa Argentina, in 1969, the competition was contested by 32 teams using a two-legged elimination format. Two points were awarded for winning a leg, one for a draw, the teams having more points would qualify to the next round. If both teams had numbers of point, it would be determined by the total number of goals, total number of goals conceded. Boca Juniors and Atlanta entered the final, Boca won the tournament by defeating Atlanta 3-2 on aggregate after two matches were played. However, as Boca later won the 1969 Nacional and qualified to the 1970 Copa Libertadores, the champions of Primera B, Ferro, also took part in the tournament, along with 13 top clubs from regional leagues. 32 teams played the competition and San Lorenzo and Vélez Sársfield entered the final, the tournament had been lasting for a long period in that year. Starting in March 1970, the first leg of the final was played in March 1971, at that time, the Copa Ganadores de Copa, which the winner of Copa Argentina would be qualifying for, had already started. Therefore, after the first leg of the Copa Argentina final was held, which the teams drew 2-2, no Argentine teams participated in the Copa Ganadores de Copa 1971. The reschedule of the Copa Argentina -officialized in 2011- includes 186 teams of 7 divisions of the Argentine football league system in a knock-out system competition, all the matches are disputed in neutral locations. The teams of the first division are included in rounds of 32, the champion of the tournament will qualify for the next edition of Copa Sudamericana. For the relaunching of the tournament, a new trophy was designed, the cup, made of aluminium, was manufactured at the Norberto Ambrosetti factory of Lobos, Buenos Aires. The 2012 final between Boca and Racing was scheduled many times due to fixture congestion, the match was finally played on August 8,2012, at the Estadio del Bicentenario in San Juan. Boca Juniors won its second trophy after defeating Racing Club by 2-1, the 2012–13 Copa Argentina was scheduled to begin October 23,2012 in a new two-phase knock-out competition. Arsenal defeated San Lorenzo and won its first trophy of this competition, the 2013–14 Copa Argentina began in October 30,2013 The following is the list with the finals played, Notes,1 San Lorenzo and Vélez Sarsfield qualified to play the finals. The first match ended 2–2, and the leg was never played so there was not a champion
