1.
Football in Argentina
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Football is Argentinas most popular sport, the one with the most players and is the most popular recreational sport, played from childhood into old age. The percentage of Argentines that declare allegiance to an Argentine football club is about 90%, Football was introduced to Argentina in the later half of the 19th century by the British immigrants in Buenos Aires. The first Argentine league was contested in 1891, making it the fifth oldest recognised league of a FIFA member, the Argentine Football Association was formed in 1893 and is the eighth oldest in the world. The Argentine national team is one of the eight to have won the football World Cup, having done so in 1978 and 1986, and also being runner-up in 1930,1990, and 2014. They have also won the top tournament, the Copa América, on fourteen occasions. The nations Olympic representative has won two Gold Medals, while the team has won a record six U-20 World Cups. At club level, Argentine teams have won the most Intercontinental Cups, womens football has a national league since 1991, the Campeonato de Fútbol Feminino. In turn, the national representative qualified for the World Cup for the first time in 2007. In futsal, Argentina were FIFUSA/AMF Futsal World Cup champions in 1994 and they also compete in the FIFA code of futsal, where they finished third in the 2004 FIFA Futsal World Cup. The team also won the FIFA Futsal Copa América in 2003, moreover, Argentina was world champion in futsal for the visually impaired in 1998. Argentina also compete in the beach football World Cup, where their best finish was third in 2001. British citizens founded social and sports clubs where they could practise their sports, such as bowls, cricket, football, golf, horse riding, rugby union and tennis amongst others. Two English immigrants Thomas and James Hogg organized a meeting on 9 May 1867 in Buenos Aires where the Buenos Aires Football Club was founded. The first recorded match in Argentina took place on this pitch on 20 June 1867. This newspaper, published in Argentina, was the first one to cover football matches in the country, the game was played between two teams of British merchants, the White Caps and the Red Caps. In the 19th century it was practice for teams to be distinguished by caps rather than jerseys. The teams consisted of 8 players each as the organisers were unable to more players for the match. The line-ups were, Thomas Hogg, James Hogg, William Forrester, T. B. Smith, J. W. Bond, Smith, William Heald, T. R. Best, U
2.
Rosario, Santa Fe
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Rosario is the largest city in the province of Santa Fe, in central Argentina. It is located 300 km northwest of Buenos Aires, on the shore of the Paraná River. Rosario is the third most populous city in the country, and is also the most populous city in Argentina that is not a provincial capital, with a growing and important metropolitan area, Greater Rosario has an estimated population of 1,276,000 as of 2012. One of its main attractions includes the architecture that has been retained over the centuries in hundreds of residences, houses. Rosario is the city of the Rosario Department and is located at the heart of the major industrial corridor in Argentina. The city is a railroad terminal and the shipping center for north-eastern Argentina. Ships reach the city via the Paraná River, which allows the existence of a 10-metre-deep port, the Port of Rosario is subject to silting and must be dredged periodically. Exports include wheat, flour, hay, linseed and other oils, corn, sugar, lumber, meat, hides. Manufactured goods include flour, sugar, meat products, and other foodstuffs, the Rosario-Victoria Bridge, opened in 2004, spans the Paraná River, connecting Rosario with the city of Victoria, across the Paraná Delta. Because it plays a role in agricultural commerce, the city finds itself at the center of a continuing debate over taxes levied on big-ticket agricultural goods such as soy. Along with Paraná, Rosario is one of the few Argentine cities that cannot point to an individual as its founder. The citys patron is the Virgin of the Rosary, whose feast day is October 7, the asteroid 14812 Rosario was named in its honor. In 1689, captain Luis Romero de Pineda received part of the lands of the Pago de los Arroyos by royal decree, before that, the area was originally inhabited by Calchaquí tribes in reducciones, a kind of missions founded by Franciscans. These missions were attacked and destroyed by hostile tribes of the Chaco region. Romero de Pineda established the first permanent settlement, an estancia — intended as farmland, in 1719 the Jesuits bought another part and established Estancia San Miguel. The area was still so scarcely populated that it had no authority, it was ruled from the provincial capital. In 1724, another settlement was initiated by Santiago de Montenegro, who set up a mill, drew plans for the future town, built a chapel. The area of control of local government extended northward from todays Rosario
3.
Argentine Football Association
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The Argentine Football Association is the governing body of football in Argentina. It organises the Primera División and lower divisions, the Argentine Cup, Supercopa Argentina, the association is based in the city of Buenos Aires. Secondly, it organizes the amateur leagues for women, children, youth, Futsal. The Argentine Association Football League was founded on 21 February 1893 by Alexander Watson Hutton, the Argentine Association is the oldest in South America and one of the oldest to be formed outside Europe. In 1906 Florencio Martínez de Hoz became the first Argentine-born President of the Association, some teams moved to the FAF were Gimnasia y Esgrima, Independiente, Estudiantes de La Plata and Atlanta. The league lasted until 1914 when rejoining Asociación Argentina de Football forming a league for the 1915 season. The second dissident league was formed in 1919 and named Asociacion Amateurs de Football, the first round of the recently created professional championship was on 31 May 1931. With 75 presidents of different Argentine clubs voting, the day of the elections something went wrong when the final count resulted in a draw of 38 to 38, the explanation given was that one of the electors put a double vote and that mistake was not reported. As a result, the committee decided to postpone the election. After some meetings to put an end to the conflict, both agreed to have another election in June 2016. In June 2016, AFA president Luis Segura was charged with aggravated administrative fraud, Segura has been replaced on an interim basis by the AFAs executive secretary, Damián Dupiellet. The body has been renamed several times since its establishment in 1893,3 Expelled by the Argentine military dictatorship. 5 Then translated into Spanish as Asociación del Fútbol Argentino in 1946, official site Argentina at FIFA site
4.
Association football
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Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies making it the worlds most popular sport, the game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal, players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers. Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, the team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, the Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football, the first written reference to the inflated ball used in the game was in the mid-14th century, Þe heued fro þe body went, Als it were a foteballe. The Online Etymology Dictionary states that the word soccer was split off in 1863, according to Partha Mazumdar, the term soccer originated in England, first appearing in the 1880s as an Oxford -er abbreviation of the word association. Within the English-speaking world, association football is now usually called football in the United Kingdom and mainly soccer in Canada and the United States. People in Australia, Ireland, South Africa and New Zealand use either or both terms, although national associations in Australia and New Zealand now primarily use football for the formal name. According to FIFA, the Chinese competitive game cuju is the earliest form of football for which there is scientific evidence, cuju players could use any part of the body apart from hands and the intent was kicking a ball through an opening into a net. It was remarkably similar to football, though similarities to rugby occurred. During the Han Dynasty, cuju games were standardised and rules were established, phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup, athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence and they all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified mob football, the antecedent of all football codes. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia, Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England
5.
Argentina
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Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a federal republic in the southern half of South America. With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2, Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second largest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country is subdivided into provinces and one autonomous city, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system, Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands, and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The earliest recorded presence in the area of modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century, Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776. The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with waves of European immigration radically reshaping its cultural. The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the seventh wealthiest developed nation in the world by the early 20th century, Argentina retains its historic status as a middle power in international affairs, and is a prominent regional power in the Southern Cone and Latin America. Argentina has the second largest economy in South America, the third-largest in Latin America and is a member of the G-15 and it is the country with the second highest Human Development Index in Latin America with a rating of very high. Because of its stability, market size and growing high-tech sector, the description of the country by the word Argentina has to be found on a Venice map in 1536. In English the name Argentina probably comes from the Spanish language, however the naming itself is not Spanish, Argentina means in Italian of silver, silver coloured, probably borrowed from the Old French adjective argentine of silver > silver coloured already mentioned in the 12th century. The French word argentine is the form of argentin and derives of argent silver with the suffix -in. The Italian naming Argentina for the country implies Argentina Terra land of silver or Argentina costa coast of silver, in Italian, the adjective or the proper noun is often used in an autonomous way as a substantive and replaces it and it is said lArgentina. The name Argentina was probably first given by the Venitian and Genoese navigators, in Spanish and Portuguese, the words for silver are respectively plata and prata and of silver is said plateado and prateado. Argentina was first associated with the silver mountains legend, widespread among the first European explorers of the La Plata Basin. The first written use of the name in Spanish can be traced to La Argentina, a 1602 poem by Martín del Barco Centenera describing the region, the 1826 constitution included the first use of the name Argentine Republic in legal documents. The name Argentine Confederation was also used and was formalized in the Argentine Constitution of 1853. In 1860 a presidential decree settled the name as Argentine Republic
6.
Rosario Central
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Club Atlético Rosario Central is a sports club based in Rosario, Argentina, that plays in the Argentine Primera División. The club was officially founded December 24,1889 by a group of railway workers, originally member of the Rosarios Football Association, the club affiliated to the Argentine Football Association in 1939. Since then, Rosario Central has won the Argentines First Division four times, in addition, Rosario Central won the Conmebol Cup once, in 1995, being the only team in Santa Fe province which has won an official international title recognised by FIFA. In 2012, the club was considered by FIFA as one of the 11 most classical clubs in Argentine football, Rosario Central has a strong rivalry with Newells Old Boys. The matches played between them are named El Clasico Rosarino, and is amongst the most heated rivalries in Argentina due to teams and due to Rosario Centrals local popularity. Rosario Centrals home stadium is Estadio Dr. Lisandro de la Torre, the club was founded as the Central Argentine Railway Athletic Club on December 24,1889, by 16 British railway workers of the British-owned Central Argentine Railway company as a football club. They wanted to be unlike Rosario Cricket Club which was focused on rugby union, both the first president and the first vice-president were British. The recently created club played its first match with the crew of a British ship, the game ended 1–1 so a new game was played, that was won by the Argentine club by 2–1. During many years Central Argentine played only internal matches or faced the Rosario Cricket Club occasionally, the British-owned railway did not allow people from outside the company to become a member. In 1904 the railway companies Central Argentino and Buenos Aires merged so the members decided to modify the name of the institution. The club changed to Club Atlético Rosario Central and also decided to accept new members with no restrictions, the Liga Rosarina de Football was created in March 1905, formed by teams from the city of Rosario, Santa Fe. The first tournament managed by the league was the Copa Santiago Pinasco, named that way because the Mayor of Rosario, Santiago Pinasco, Central debuted on May 21,1905, defeating Rosario Athletic by 3–1. On June, Central played a match against English team Nottingham Forest. Rosario Central won its first regional title in 1908, in 1913 the club disaffiliated from the Liga Rosarina, founding with other clubs the dissident Federación Rosarina de Football. Central won this league in 1913, in 1914 Central would return to Liga Rosarina, winning the championship after playing 20 matches, winning 19 games with 1 draw. The team scored 99 goals and only conceded 10, being Harry Hayes the top scorer of the tournament with 51 goals, the squad also would win the 1915,1916 and 1917 regional titles, becoming four-champion of the Rosarian League. In 1919, Central won the Rosario´s league title again, winning 3–2 the final match against their rivals, Newells Old Boys. In 1920 Rosario Central left the again, and joined other clubs to form the Asociación Amateur
7.
Newell's Old Boys
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Club Atlético Newells Old Boys is an Argentine sports club based in Rosario, Santa Fe. The club was founded on 3 November 1903, and is named after Isaac Newell, originally a member of Rosarios Football Association, Newells affiliated to the Argentine Football Association in 1939. They were the 2013 champions in Argentine football, and have won AFAs Primera División six times throughout their history, Newells has also been twice Copa Libertadores runner-up. The clubs football stadium is the Estadio Marcelo Bielsa, named after the former player and manager Marcelo Bielsa. Newells plays the Rosario derby against Rosario Central, a club with which they have a historical rivalry. Newells is also notable for its youth divisions, being the club with most national titles in AFAs youth tournaments. Lionel Messi also played in the youths, but left at a young age to Barcelona to seek treatment for his growth hormone deficiency. Other sports practised at this club are basketball, boxing, field hockey, martial arts, roller skating, club Atlético Newells Old Boys was established on 3 November 1903. Claudio Newell was one of the founding members, Newell called teachers, pupils and alumni of the school to sign the act of foundation of the club. The name chosen paid tribute to Isaac Newells life, the first president was Víctor Heitz. The name old boys is referred to graduates of a school, therefore, Newells Old Boys would mean Graduates of Newells school or something similar. In fact, the players of the first football team were graduates of that school, the colours of the club were taken from the Colegio Comercial Anglicano Argentino emblem that were red and black inspired in the colours of the English and German flags respectively. Newells Old Boys is often referred to as leprosos because the team was invited to a charity match to raise funds for a leprosy sufferers of Hospital Carrasco, in the 1920s. The club immediately accepted to take part in the event, but Rosario Central did not so, the main objective was to organise a championship, so a trophy was donated by the major of Rosario, Santiago Pinasco. The trophy was named in his honour. Newells was the winner of the first edition, having won eight games, the team also scored 39 goals, conceding just 4. Previously, the historic first Rosarino derby had been held, Newells won 1–0 with a goal scored by Faustino González. The next year Newells won its second championship, in 1907, the Liga Rosarina established a second division
8.
Uruguay
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Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in the southeastern region of South America. It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the Río de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uruguay is home to an estimated 3.42 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the area of its capital and largest city. With an area of approximately 176,000 square kilometres, Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America, only larger in size than Suriname. Uruguay was inhabited by the Charrúa people for approximately 4000 years before the Portuguese established Colonia del Sacramento, one of the oldest European settlements in the region, in 1680. Montevideo was founded as a stronghold by the Spanish in the early 18th century. Uruguay won its independence between 1811 and 1828, following a struggle between Spain, Portugal, Argentina and Brazil. It remained subject to influence and intervention throughout the 19th century. Modern Uruguay is a constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. Uruguay is ranked first in Latin America in democracy, peace, lack of corruption, e-government, on a per-capita basis, Uruguay contributes more troops to United Nations peace-keeping missions than any other country. It ranks second in the region on economic freedom, income equality, per-capita income, Uruguay is the third-best country on the continent in terms of HDI, GDP growth, innovation and infrastructure. It is regarded as a country by the UN. Uruguay is also the third-best ranked in the world in e-Participation, Uruguay is an important global exporter of combed wool, rice, soybeans, frozen beef, malt and milk. Nearly 95% of Uruguays electricity comes from energy, mostly hydroelectric facilities. The Economist named Uruguay country of the year in 2013, acknowledging the innovative policy of legalizing the production, sale, the name of the namesake river comes from the Spanish pronunciation of the regional Guarani word for it. There are several interpretations, including bird-river, the name could also refer to a river snail called uruguá that was plentiful in the water. The only documented inhabitants of Uruguay before European colonization of the area were the Charrúa, the Portuguese discovered the region of present-day Uruguay in 1512. The Spanish arrived in present-day Uruguay in 1516, the indigenous peoples fierce resistance to conquest, combined with the absence of gold and silver, limited their settlement in the region during the 16th and 17th centuries
9.
Alumni Athletic Club
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Alumni Athletic Club, or simply Alumni, was an Argentine football team active during the first years of the sport in that country. The squad was active until 1911 and was disbanded in 1913 due to internal problems, during its run in Primera División, Alumni achieved 10 championships and many national and international cups, becoming one of the most important clubs in the history of Argentine football. On 25 February 1882, Scottish Professor Alexander Watson Hutton arrived to Buenos Aires, Watson Hutton then created the Buenos Aires English High School to put in practise his ideas about education, with a special predilection for football. The BAEHS opened on 1 February 1884, to start with the practise of football in Argentina, Waton Hutton brought William Watters from Scotland, to work as a trainer. It was Watters who brought the first footballs from Great Britain to Argentina, in 1891 Alec Lamont, from St. Andrews, created the Argentine Football Association League. The following teams were registered, St. Andrews Scots School, Old Caledonians, Buenos Aires and Rosario Railway, nevertheless, this new tournament was badly criticized and was boycotted by most of the clubs. The title was won by St. Andrews, considered today as the first Argentine Primera División champion ever being recognised even by the Argentine Football Association, the Argentine Association Football League was dissolved after the 1891 season. As a result, in 1892 no championship was held, on 21 February 1893, Watson Hutton created a new football league with the same name, with himself as its first president. The BAEHS decided not to part in the 1894 championship. The BAEHS team returned to Primera División for the 1895 championship, the team made a poor campaign, finishing in the last position. The BAESH would not take part in a Primera División tournament until 1900, as they had done in 1894, the students of the school played for other teams during this period. In 1898 the Minister of Justice and Public Instruction ruled that teaching of physical exercises would be obligatory for all the schools programs. Furthermore, it was required each school had to create a sports club formed by their current. As a result, on 3 October 1898, English High School Athletic Club was founded, the championship was won by Banfield, English High School A. C. was the runner up. In 1900 the club decided to compete at the Primera División tournaments again and it began the long series of titles won by the team during its short existence in Argentine football. At the end of the season, the Buenos Aires Herald newspaper decided to award a trophy to the most popular team of Argentina, to establish this, the Herald made a survey among its readers, who had to send a voucher indicating their favorite team. The survey finished on 31 July 1900, and the English High School AC was awarded as the most popular team with 6.942 votes, followed by Quilmes and Belgrano Athletic. In 1901 the Association forbade football teams to use names of Schools so BAEHS had to register a new name to play at football tournaments
10.
Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club
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Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club is a defunct Uruguayan sports club, originally established as a cricket and football institution by British railway workers. The football section of the club still remains named Club Atlético Peñarol and those lands had been used for agriculture only and famous because of the best quality of its vineyards and fruits. One of the achievements of the company was the establishment of a rural school in the town. Due to the activity, the village became populous. The sons of blonde Albion, who were part of the company, the first committee was formed by eight members, Mr. Hudson, Lucy, Moor, Davenport, Hopkins, Davies and Penny. They chose Mr. Frank Henderson as the first president of the club, the membership fee was established in $0,50. One day later, the committee resolved to name the club Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club and that same day two members of the committee were chosen to write the rules, while two other members were chosen to search for a field to practice sports. The club also designated three members to take over advertising with the purpose of bringing new members to the institution, the article I of clubs statute stated that the club colors would be black and orange and that only workers of Central Railway would be admitted as members. Nevertheless, the committee could admit people outside the company but they were not allowed to vote in case of being accepted, at the beginning, all the CURCC presidents were managers of the CUR. In 1907 the company appointed W. Bayne as manager and sent him to Montevideo, when the CURCC executives told Bayne he was the new president of the institution, he did not accept the offer, alleging that the coaches damaged by the supporters led to significant costs. Other reason given by Bayne was the lack of players-workers, CURCC took part of the recently created Primera División of Uruguay, along with Nacional, other team from Montevideo with whom CURCC had a strong rivalry. While CURCC represented the British immigrants to Uruguay and rail workers as well, the club took part of 13 editions of the domestic championship, winning it in five occasions between 1900 and 1911. CURCC also won the Copa de Competencia three times, internationally, the squad won the Copa de Honor Cousenier twice. Having been established as a club, football began to be practised at CURCC in 1892, relegating other sports, such as cricket. The first football match played by CURCC was that year versus a combined team of English High School. The match was won by CURCC 3-2, the club was also known as Peñarol due to the neighborhood where it had been established. In 1912 a new committee was organized in order to some of the CURCC statute books. The proposals were to give a bigger participation to non-railway employed members, another suggestion was to rename the club CURCC Peñarol
11.
Santa Fe Province
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The Province of Santa Fe is a province of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, together with Córdoba and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economico-political association known as the Center Region. Santa Fes most important cities are Rosario, the capital Santa Fe, Rafaela, Villa Gobernador Gálvez, Venado Tuerto, Reconquista, and Santo Tomé. The adult literacy rate in the province is 96. 3% The aboriginal tribes who inhabited this region were the Tobas, Timbúes, Mocovíes, Pilagás, Guaycurúes and they were nomadic, lived from hunting, fishing and fruit recollection. In 1573 Juan de Garay founded the city of Santa Fe in the surroundings of present town Cayastá, but the city was moved in 1651 and 1660 to its present location. In 1812 the lawyer and general Manuel Belgrano created and displayed for the first time the Argentine flag on the banks of the Paraná River and this period was short lived, since that same year Candioti died and central government reestablished the dependent government. However, in 1816, the caudillos Mariano Vera and Estanislao López deposed the governor delegate and proclaimed the sovereignty of the province, during the civil strifes of 1820, Santa Fe troops were decisive in the defeat of Buenos Aires centralist army. So, in time, López gradually became the Federations Patriarch, after Lópezs death it was his secretary and right hand, José María Cullen the one elected governor. These two parties had many strong electoral contests with the conservative parties. After the Electoral Reform of Roque Sáenz Peña in 1912, the UCR reached the government, during this time, more precisely in 1919, the National University of the Littoral was founded. In 1932 it was the PDP who got the governors seat, the contentious 1958 elections brought an ally of President-elect Arturo Frondizi to power in Santa Fe, Dr. Carlos Sylvestre Begnis. The tunnel, most of which runs under the massive Paraná River, is the longest in Argentina, forced to resign after conservative pressure drove Pres. Frondizi from office in 1962, Begnis had the satisfaction of seeing Hernandarias open in 1969, Santa Fe suffered the violence of the late 70s and the depression of the 1980s more than most other provinces. It continued to languish economically during the prosperous 1990s, as the revalued Argentine peso put pressure on its productive sectors, touching bottom around 2002, its economy has grown by 7% a year since then. Most of the consists of green flatlands, part of the humid Pampas. There are low sierras to the west, the south presents lower temperatures, averaging 14 °C, and slightly less precipitations. Thunderstorms are common, and so are heat waves what can bring temperatures up to 40 °C and these are often interrupted by cold fronts that bring crisp, cool weather from the south. March brings cooler nights in the south, and April brings comfortable weather, with highs ranging from 22 °C in the south to 26 °C in the north, winter is dryer in the west of the province and wetter in the east
