1.
Little John
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Little John is a legendary fellow outlaw of Robin Hood. He is said to be Robins chief lieutenant and second-in-command of the Merry Men, the sobriquet Little is a form of irony, as he is usually depicted as a gigantic, seven-foot-tall warrior of the British forests, skilled with bow and quarterstaff. In the early tales, Little John is shown to be intelligent, in A Gest of Robyn Hode, he captures the sorrowful knight and, when Robin Hood decides to pay the knights mortgage for him, accompanies him as a servant. In Robin Hoods Death, he is the one of the Merry Men that Robin takes with him. In the 15th-century ballad commonly called Robin Hood and the Monk, when Robin Hood is captured, it is Little John who plans his leaders rescue. In thanks, Robin offers Little John leadership of the band, later depictions of Little John portray him as less cunning. Despite having won the duel, John agreed to join his band and he was then called Little John, in whimsical reference to his size and in a play that reversed his first and last names. This scene is almost always re-enacted in film and television versions of the story, in some modern film versions, Little John loses the duel to Robin. Starting from the tradition, Little John is commonly shown to be the only Merry Man present at Robin Hoods death. Despite a lack of evidence for his existence, Little John is reputed to be buried in a churchyard in the village of Hathersage. A modern tombstone marks the location of his grave, which lies under an old yew tree. This grave was owned by the Nailor family, and sometimes some variation of Nailer is given as Johns surname, in other versions of the legends his name is given as John Little, enhancing the irony of his nickname. In Dublin, there is a legend that suggests that Little John visited the city in the 12th century. Little John was also a figure in the Robin Hood plays or games during the 15th to 17th centuries, there are many historical figures named Little John and John Little, but it is debatable which – if any – are the inspiration for the legendary character. Alan Hale, Sr. played the role of Little John in three movies and he first played Little John as a young squire in 1922s Robin Hood starring Douglas Fairbanks. He reprised the role opposite Errol Flynns Robin in 1938s The Adventures of Robin Hood, and finally, he played an older Little John opposite John Derek, as Robins son, in Rogues of Sherwood Forest from 1951. Kevin Durand plays John in 2010s Robin Hood, in this incarnation, he was a Scottish Foot Soldier in the Crusades and fought Robin over a lost bet, claiming he was cheating, then joined Robin, Will, and Alan when the King was killed. His quarterstaff has a blade fixed to one end, similar to a splitting maul, in the BBCs Robin Hood, Little John is played by Gordon Kennedy
2.
Big Chuck and Lil' John
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In addition to hosting a movie with a live audience, they also performed original sketch comedy routines. At the end of each sketch was a distinctive laugh voiced by comedian/actor Jay Lawrence. On September 10,2011, WJW began airing a weekly half-hour program – simply titled Big Chuck, Chuck Schodowski started as a producer/engineer at WJW-TV, and became a close friend of Ernie Anderson. When Andersons previous sidekick, eventual Hollywood actor Tim Conway, was fired for a fabrication on his résumé, when Anderson left Cleveland for California in 1966, his popular Ghoulardi character was retired, and a talent search ensued to find a replacement. Schodowski agreed to help Bob Wells with his audition, and the management decided they liked the way the two performed together and they became co-hosts of The Hoolihan and Big Chuck Show, which launched on December 23,1966. In addition to screening films, the duo soon started filming comedy skits interspersed within the host segments. After Wells left the show in 1979, John Rinaldi, a jeweler by trade who had already featured on many of the programs skits. The show itself was relaunched as The Big Chuck and Lil John Show, and while effectively a separate and distinct show, moreover, taped skits from the preceding show often would be rerun on The Big Chuck and Lil John Show through various oldies nights. On December 2006, Schodowski announced he would retire in June 2007, as part of his farewell, WJW broadcast the hour-long retrospective Big Chuck and Lil John, The End of an Era. This also marked the end of The Big Chuck and Lil John Show, with the last regular episode airing the afternoon of June 16,2007, in October 2008, Schodowski released his autobiography, Big Chuck. My Favorite Stories from 47 Years on Cleveland TV, co-written by The Plain Dealer media writer Tom Feran, the book debuted at the 2008 Ghoulardifest convention. During the summer of 2011, it was announced that Big Chuck and this version of the show began on September 10,2011. In 2015, the show was moved to Sunday nights at 11,30 p. m, Ben Crazy - a parody of a popular 60s TV medical drama, Ben Casey with Big Chuck as the title character. Originated on Hoolihan & Big Chuck, but had additional sketches filmed throughout the run of Big Chuck & Lil John. The Certain Ethnic _____ - a play on Big Chucks Polish heritage featuring Chuck as Stash Kowalski – a stereotypical Polish Clevelander, Big Chuck specifically created the term certain ethnic as a euphemism for Polish. The Kielbasa Kid - a parody of TV westerns, with Big Chuck as the bumbling hero, originated on Hoolihan & Big Chuck. Readings By Robert - originated on Hoolihan & Big Chuck as a copy of an Ernie Kovacs routine, with Bob Wells in the title role. Occasionally rerun throughout the run of Big Chuck & Lil John
3.
Atlanta, Georgia
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Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U. S. state of Georgia, with an estimated 2015 population of 463,878. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5,710,795 people, Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County. In 1837, Atlanta was founded at the intersection of two lines, and the city rose from the ashes of the American Civil War to become a national center of commerce. Atlantas economy is considered diverse, with dominant sectors that include logistics, professional and business services, media operations, Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage. Revitalization of Atlantas neighborhoods, initially spurred by the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, has intensified in the 21st century, altering the demographics, politics. Prior to the arrival of European settlers in north Georgia, Creek Indians inhabited the area, standing Peachtree, a Creek village located where Peachtree Creek flows into the Chattahoochee River, was the closest Indian settlement to what is now Atlanta. As part of the removal of Native Americans from northern Georgia from 1802 to 1825, the Creek ceded the area in 1821. In 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western, the initial route was to run southward from Chattanooga to a terminus east of the Chattahoochee River, which would then be linked to Savannah. After engineers surveyed various possible locations for the terminus, the zero milepost was driven into the ground in what is now Five Points. A year later, the area around the milepost had developed into a settlement, first known as Terminus, and later as Thrasherville after a merchant who built homes. By 1842, the town had six buildings and 30 residents and was renamed Marthasville to honor the Governors daughter, later, J. Edgar Thomson, Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, suggested the town be renamed Atlantica-Pacifica, which was shortened to Atlanta. The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29,1847, by 1860, Atlantas population had grown to 9,554. During the American Civil War, the nexus of multiple railroads in Atlanta made the city a hub for the distribution of military supplies, in 1864, the Union Army moved southward following the capture of Chattanooga and began its invasion of north Georgia. On the next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered Atlanta to the Union Army, on November 11,1864, Sherman prepared for the Union Armys March to the Sea by ordering Atlanta to be burned to the ground, sparing only the citys churches and hospitals. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Atlanta was gradually rebuilt, due to the citys superior rail transportation network, the state capital was moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta in 1868. In the 1880 Census, Atlanta surpassed Savannah as Georgias largest city, by 1885, the founding of the Georgia School of Technology and the citys black colleges had established Atlanta as a center for higher education. In 1895, Atlanta hosted the Cotton States and International Exposition, during the first decades of the 20th century, Atlanta experienced a period of unprecedented growth. In three decades time, Atlantas population tripled as the city expanded to include nearby streetcar suburbs
4.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
5.
Crunk
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Crunk is a subgenre of hip hop music that emerged in the early 1990s and gained mainstream success during the mid 2000s. Performers of crunk music are sometimes referred to as crunkmeisters, Crunk is often up-tempo and one of Southern hip hops more dance and club oriented subgenres. An archetypal crunk track frequently uses a main groove consisting of layered keyboard synths, a drum rhythm, heavy basslines. The term crunk is also used as a term to denote any style of Southern hip hop. The word derives from its African-American slang past-participle form, crunk, the genre is almost always excessively sexual, profane, and obscene. The term has been attributed mainly to African-American slang, in which it holds various meanings and it most commonly refers to the verb phrase to crank up. In publications, crunk can be traced back to 1972 in the Dr. Seuss book Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now and he uses the term Crunk-Car without any given definition. The term has also traced to usage in the 1980s coming out of Atlanta, Georgia nightclubs. In the mid-1990s, crunk was variously defined either as hype, phat, rolling Stone magazine published glossary of Dirty South slang, where to crunk was defined as to get excited. The term was in part popularized on Late Night with Conan OBrien in 1993, though it was spelled differently, krunk became a recurring theme on the show between Conan and various guests. Ice-T was one of the first guests to use the word on air, as it was joked that the word was not offensive sounding enough, outkast has been attributed as the first artist to use the term in mainstream music, in the 1993 track Players Ball. Artist Lil Jon was instrumental in bringing the term further into the mainstream with his 1997 album titled Get Crunk, Who U Wit, Da Album. He later released songs and albums using the term, and has been credited by other artists. Lil Jon further popularized the word with his 2004 album Crunk Juice and this use of crunk became synonymous with the meaning crazy drunk. Non-alcoholic drinks, to which alcohol could be added, were manufactured and marketed under the Crunk brand name, the term has continued to evolve, taking on a negative stigma with police, parents and the media. In 2011, the company which manufactured Crunk drink brought out a version named Crunk Juice. The mainstream media began publishing stories in which the term crunk was used to refer to crazy, musically, crunk borrows heavily from bass music and 1980s-era call-and-response hip hop. Heavy use of synthesized instruments and sparse, truncated 808 drums are staples of the crunk sound, looped, stripped-down drum machine rhythms are usually used
6.
Universal Republic Records
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Universal Republic Records was an American record label, that operated as a division of Universal Music Group. It was based on the then-defunct Republic Records label founded by brothers Monte, in mid-2012, the label reverted to its original Republic Records name, making this label defunct. As of 2006, Universal Republic has adopted an A&R and partnership-based growth strategy, in an era of music industry transition they have proven effective, as Universal Republic has continued to grow in the industrys declining years. Universal Republic become a label after Universal Motown Republic Group was shut down in summer 2011. One year later, it was renamed back to Republic Records, in chronological order are current Republic artists,2006, Hinder. 2012, The Weeknd signed with Universal Republic in September 2012 in a joint venture with his own imprint label XO,2012, Austin Mahone 2012, Lisa Marie Presley Republic Nashvilles The Band Perry, and James Blake. Universal Republic Records discography at Discogs
7.
TVT Records
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TVT Records was an American record label founded by Steve Gottlieb. Over the course of its 25-year history, the label released some 25 Gold, additionally, TVT also had success overseas, achieving a gold release in Germany and Sweden with The Connells and scored platinum and gold records in Canada with Default. TeeVee Toons was founded in 1985 by Steve Gottlieb, a graduate of Yale University, Gottlieb launched the label from his New York City apartment with the release of Televisions Greatest Hits, an album featuring theme songs from classic TV shows that became a respectable seller. The San Francisco Chronicle called the album the most fun you can have with your pants on, in 1992, TVT purchased the Chicago-based industrial music label Wax Trax. This gave TVT the artists and/or catalogue releases of such acts as, Ministry, My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult, KMFDM, in 1995, TVT started their official soundtrack imprint called TVT SOUNDTRAX headed by Patricia Joseph releasing television, film, and Broadway soundtracks. It expanded Televisions Greatest Hits to a series and released over 70 film and TV soundtracks. Its theatrical music releases included the Stephen Sondheim Follies, in 1996 Crains named Gottlieb one of its forty under 40 Rising Stars to Watch, citing the 50% yearly growth of TVT. In 1999 TVT completed a securitization that enabled it to raise $23.5 million in growth capital, in 2000, TVT Records opened TVT Distribution, a distribution company for third party labels, among them Vagrant Records. TVT Distribution, in conjunction with Vagrant, went on to achieve gold album success with Dashboard Confessional, in 2000, TVT became the first label to put its entire catalog online available for downloading and free streaming by fans. In 2001, the reached a amicable arrangement with Napster for use of TVTs artist copyrights. CEO Gottlieb served on the Board of Directors of Musicmatch, TVT was one of the founding members of the Association of Independent Music, an organization devoted to protecting independent labels interests. In 2002, the label got into a dispute with Lyor Cohen, then head of Island Def Jam. The dispute involved Cohen and Universal paying former TVT artist Ja Rule $8 million to not deliver an album paid for by TVT, in the resulting litigation Universal was prohibited by the courts from releasing the album created with TVTs funding. In the ultimate trial over the claims of fraud and tortious interference, on appeal, Cohen and Universal argued the existence of an agreement between the parties meant that their behavior was only a breach of contract and not a fraud or tort. The court agreed, reducing TVTs award to $126,000, TVT, who signed Pitbull several years later, had sought to notice third parties that the distribution and sale of this album would violate TVTs exclusive right to create new music by the artist. TVT filed for appeal but was unable to post the required bond, on February 19,2008, Gottlieb stated This is not the end of TVT. The music publishing assets were transferred to TVT Music Enterprises, official website Former A&R Bryan Leach on TVT, HitQuarters Apr 2004
8.
Geffen Records
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Geffen Records is an American major record label, owned by Universal Music Group, which operates as one third of the Interscope Geffen A&M Records label. On March 23,2017, Billboard. com announced the label was relaunching with longtime A&R Neil Jacobson as President, Geffen Records was started in 1980 by music industry businessman David Geffen who, in the early 1970s, had founded Asylum Records. Geffen stepped down from Asylum in 1975, when he crossed over to film and was named a vice-president of Warner Bros and he was fired from Warner circa 1978, but remained locked in a 5-year contract, which prevented him from working elsewhere. He returned to work in 1980 and struck a deal with Warner Bros. Records to create Geffen Records, profits were split 50/50 between Geffen and the respective distributors. Geffen Records first artist was disco superstar Donna Summer, whose gold-selling album The Wanderer became the labels first release in 1980, the label followed it up with Double Fantasy by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. It was Lennons first new album since 1975, two weeks after it entered the charts, Lennon was murdered in New York City. As the 1980s progressed, Geffen would go on to have success with acts as Kylie Minogue, Enya, Quarterflash, Oxo, Asia, Wang Chung. This prompted Geffen to create a label, DGC Records in 1990. Geffen also distributed the first incarnation of Def American Recordings through Warner Bros. from 1988 to 1990, after a decade of operating through Warner, when its contract with the company expired, the label was sold to MCA Music Entertainment in 1990. The deal ultimately earned David Geffen an estimated US$800 million in stock, following the sale, Geffen Records operated as one of MCAs leading independently managed labels. Geffen Records would distribute releases on the new operations DreamWorks Records subsidiary, Universal Music Group acquired PolyGram in 1999, resulting in a corporate reorganization of labels. Geffen Records, along with A&M Records, was merged into Interscope Records. Although Geffen would continue to exist as a brand, it was downsized to fit into the expansion of Interscope. At the same time, international distribution of Interscope and Geffen releases switched to ex-PolyGram label Polydor Records, meanwhile, DreamWorks Records also folded, with artists such as Nelly Furtado, Lifehouse and Rufus Wainwright being absorbed by Geffen as well. During this time, DGC Records was also folded into Geffen, at the end of 2007, however, Geffen was absorbed further into Interscope, laying off sixty employees. In 2009, it was announced that Geffen Records had signed an agreement with the Holy See to produce an album of Marian songs, jimmy Iovine relaunched the Geffen imprint in 2011, moving its headquarters from California to New York City
9.
Lil Scrappy
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Darryl Kevin Richardson, better known by his stage name Lil Scrappy, is an American rapper. Richardson was discovered by producer and performer Lil Jon while performing at a bar, along with labelmates Trillville, Lil Scrappy was one of the first signings to Lil Jons BME Recordings. He has built a reputation and eager following throughout the Atlanta hip hop scene. Lil Scrappy released his debut album Bred 2 Die Born 2 Live on May 5,2006 on BME Recordings/Reprise Records/G-Unit Records South now Cashville Records. The album features appearances by Yung Joc, Three 6 Mafia, Lil Jon, Young Buck,50 Cent, Olivia, Young Dro and it was produced by Lil Jon and 50 Cent. The first single Money in the Bank features Young Buck and became Lil Scrappys second Top 30 single, the second single from the album is called Gangsta Gangsta and features Lil Jon. Oh Yeah is the single from Bred 2 Die Born 2 Live and features E-40. J-Bo, Lil Jon, & Too Short made cameo appearances in the video, the song also received significant air play on various urban stations. In late 2008 Lil Scrappy announced that his studio album would not be released under G-Unit Records or other former label BME Records. Lil Scrappys second album, Prince of the South, was released on May 13,2008 through Real Talk Entertainment. In early 2009 Lil Scrappys announced the title of for his studio album. Also in 2009 Lil Scrappy appeared in the motion picuture Just Another Day the tale of the realities of rap music. Lil Scrappys second independent album, Prince of the South 2, was released on October 19,2010 through Real Talk Entertainment just like his first independent album. On On September 8,2009 Lil Scrappy released the first single from the album entitled Addicted To Money but it failed to reach the Billboard charts so it was dubbed as a promo single. Then on September 28,2010 Lil Scrappy released the first single from the album Bad which featured Stuey Rock, on November 2,2011 after the album never saw an official release, Lil Scrappy announced that the album would be released in early 2012. Lil Scrappy also announced that he and DTP had parted ways and that his Gs Up imprint has partnered with S-Line, Gs Up/S-Line has embarked in a joint venture with Bonzi Records, a label owned by platinum producer J. Wells & will be distributed by Fontana/Universal. The official first single from the album will be Helicopter that features 2 Chainz & Twista, the music video premiered on MTV Jams, and was directed by Edgar Esteves. Lil Scrappy appears on VH1 Love & Hip Hop, Atlanta, after a long-awaited release Tha Grustle was finally released on June 26,2012
10.
Ludacris
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Christopher Brian Chris Bridges, better known by his stage name Ludacris, is an American hip hop recording artist and actor from Atlanta, Georgia. Alongside his manager, Chaka Zulu, Ludacris is the co-founder of Disturbing tha Peace, throughout his career, Ludacris has won Screen Actors Guild, Critics Choice, MTV, and Grammy Awards. Along with fellow Atlanta-based rappers Big Boi and André3000 of OutKast, born in Champaign, Illinois, Ludacris moved to Atlanta at age nine, where he began rapping. In 2001, he released Word of Mouf, followed by Chicken-n-Beer in 2003 and he took a more serious approach with his next two albums, Release Therapy, and Theater of the Mind. His next record, Battle of the Sexes, was released in 2010, Ludaversal was released on March 31,2015. As an actor, he has appeared in films including Crash, Gamer, and New Years Eve, but is best known for playing Tej Parker in the The Fast and the Furious film series. Ludacris was born as Christopher Brian Bridges in Champaign, Illinois and he later moved to the Chicago area, where he attended Emerson Middle School in Oak Park, and Oak Park & River Forest High School for one year. He then moved to Centreville, Virginia and attended Centreville High School for one year and he attended Banneker High School in Atlanta, Georgia and graduated in 1995. From 1998 to 1999, he studied management at Georgia State University. His parents were both African-American, and he also has some English and Native American ancestry and he is a distant cousin of late comedian Richard Pryor. Bridges wrote his first rap song at age nine when moving to Atlanta, Bridges served as an intern and then a DJ at Atlantas Hot 97.5 under the name Chris Lova Lova. He was also known for DJing during Freaknik at one point, Ludacris collaborated with Timbaland on the track Phat Rabbit from his album Tims Bio, Life from da Bassment. This song was a hit in many countries, in Ludacris early music career he collaborated with Dallas Austin and Jermaine Dupri. In 1998, Ludacris began to record his debut album Incognegro and this album was the defining example of Ludacris fast, wild, and comedic flow, a unique style for southern rappers. Timbaland handled part of the production, despite its poor sales, it was never deleted and is still sold today. Ludacris also appeared on Timbalands 1998 debut on Phat Rabbit, a track that would later be used on his re-issue of Incognegro called Back For The First Time, in 2000, Ludacris released his major label debut, Back for the First Time. It was produced with the help of the underground producer Sessy Melia, the album reached as high as #4 on the U. S. Billboard 200, and was a major success. Ludacris made his mark on the industry with such as Southern Hospitality and Whats Your Fantasy, along with his first ever single the Phat Rabbit
11.
Ying Yang Twins
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The Ying Yang Twins are an Atlanta-based American hip hop duo consisting of Kaine and D-Roc. The group debuted in 2000 and rose to popularity in 2003 collaborating with Britney Spears on her In the Zone album. In 2004 and 2005, Ying Yang Twins became more popular with party singles Salt Shaker, Whats Happnin, Shake and they have received notoriety for their song Halftime which is played at New Orleans Saints homegames after most touchdowns. In 2008, the hip hop duo released The Official Work mixtape, in 2009, they followed with their Ying Yang Forever mixtape. Just three months later, the duo released Legendary Status, Ying Yang Twins Greatest Hits, as recently as,2013, the Ying Ying Twins released Ass in session and Twurk or Die mixtape. They grew even more famous when they toured with Juz tha King, Kat Nu and their full-length debut album, Thug Walkin, came out later that year. Immediately after discovering fellow Atlanta hip hop artist Lil Jon, A&R Bryan Leach began talks with representative Michael DJ Smurf Crooms about signing the Ying Yang Twins to TVT Records. Protracted negotiations meant that a deal was not finalized in time for the label to release their album, Alley, The Return of the Ying Yang Twins. The album was successful among fans in the Southern United States. The same year, the group appeared on the album Kings of Crunk by Lil Jon on the single Get Low, and the song was a huge club and radio hit. As Crooms had negotiated only a deal with Koch, the duo was free to finally submit to the advances of TVT. Their first album for TVT, Me & My Brother, was certified platinum on April 12,2005, naggin and the popular Lil Jon collaboration Salt Shaker. The same year the duo appeared on Britney Spears album In the Zone singing the song I Got That, in 2004, TVT released My Brother & Me, an album composed largely of remixes which featured a bonus DVD of the groups videos. A new album U. S. A. appeared in the summer of 2005 as its singles Wait, Badd, and Shake were dominating popular music and rap radio stations, and U. S. A. A collection of outtakes, remixes, and collaborations similar to My Brother & Me followed in December 2005 and it too was accompanied by a DVD featuring music videos and other footage from the U. S. A. period. In 2005, D-Roc and his brothers, Mr. Ball. Their self-titled album was released on February 28,2006, the groups fifth album Chemically Imbalanced was released in November 2006. For this album the Twins collaborated with producers Wyclef Jean and Keith Duplessis in addition to Mr. Collipark, the first two singles were the Hall & Oates-sampling Dangerous, featuring Wyclef Jean, and Jigglin
12.
E-40
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Earl Stevens better known by his stage name E-40, is an American rapper, entrepreneur, and investor from Vallejo, California. He is a member of the rap group The Click. He has released studio albums to date, appeared on numerous movie soundtracks. Initially an underground artist, his 1995 solo album In a Major Way opened him up to a wider audience, beginning in 1998, he began collaborating with more mainstream rappers outside of the Bay Area. He rose to even higher popularity in 2006 with his single Tell Me When to Go which was produced by Lil Jon. Earl E-40 Stevens graduated from Dr. James J. Hogan Senior High School in Vallejo, E-40 made his rap debut in 1986, with the EP Lets Side as a member of The Click. The EP was co-produced by Mike Mosley and Al Eaton and was released on Sick Wid It Records, in 1992 they released second album, Down and Dirty, and in 1993 E-40 made his solo album debut. Federal, a nine-track LP/14-track CD produced by Studio Ton and released by Sick Wid It Records in association with SMG, after a talent show at Grambling State University, the emcee and his cousin B-Legit decided to attempt a career in rap. Together, and with his sister Suga-T, they released their 1993 mainstream radio hit Captain Save a Hoe and they moved back to Vallejo and teamed up with D-Shot, E-40s brother, to form the group MVP or Most Valuable Players. E-40s gospel singing uncle helped them put out the record, Suga-T was then added to the group to form The Click. Thus, six solo albums were to follow, beginning with In a Major Way in 1995 as well as remastered versions of E-40s independent Sick Wid It recordings from previous years. In a Major Way was regionally well-received, with guest spots by such rappers as Tupac Shakur and Mac Mall, as well as his son Droop-E. His collaboration with southern rappers continued in 1998, when he was given guest appearances on albums by Southern rappers, including Lost by Eightball, in 2003, E-40 began hosting E-Feezy Radio, a weekly program San Francisco hip-hop radio station KMEL that showcased Bay Area hip hop. KMEL regularly broadcast the program until 2008, after completing a deal with Jive Records he signed with Lil Jons BME Recordings and Warner Bros. After the signing, he appeared on Lil Jons single Snap Yo Fingers, also featuring Sean P of YoungBloodz, which became a hit reaching the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100. Afterwards, his single Tell Me When To Go, featuring Oakland rapper Keak Da Sneak, became popular throughout the United States, publicity for E-40 was achieved through the MTV special My Block, The Bay. He later released U And Dat in April 2006, featuring T-Pain and Kandi Girl and his album My Ghetto Report Card debuted at #1 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and #3 on the Billboard Hot 200 on March 14,2006. Released through Sick Wid It/BME/Warner Bros, Records, the album was produced by Lil Jon, Rick Rock, and E-40s son, Droop-E
13.
Pitbull (rapper)
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Armando Christian Pérez, known by the stage name Pitbull or Mr. Worldwide, is an American rapper. His first recorded performance was on a solo track from Lil Jons 2002 album Kings of Crunk. In 2004, Pitbull released his debut album M. I. A. M. I and it included production producers Lil Jon and Jim Jonsin. Pitbull later released his second album El Mariel, in 2006 and his third, The Boatlift and his fourth album, Rebelution, included the hit single I Know You Want Me, which peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100. Pitbulls 2011 album Planet Pit, featured the single Give Me Everything and his 2013 track Timber from his Meltdown EP topped the charts in twenty nations, including the US and UK. He performed the song We Are One along with Jennifer Lopez and Claudia Leitte, Armando Christian Perez was born on January 15,1981 to Cuban expatriates in Miami, Florida. When he was 3, he could recite the works of Cubas national hero and poet, José Martí, growing up, he was influenced by the Miami bass genre of pop music and has cited Celia Cruz and Willy Chirino as sources of inspiration for his music. Pérezs parents separated when he was young, and he was raised by his mother, he spent time with a foster family in Roswell. He attended South Miami Senior High School before graduating from Miami Coral Park High School and he said he chose his stage name of Pitbull because the dogs bite to lock. The dog is too stupid to lose, and theyre outlawed in Dade County. Theyre basically everything that I am, after meeting Lil Jon in Miami, Pitbull was featured on Lil Jon and the East Side Boyz album Kings of Crunk in 2002. Pitbulls song Oye was featured on the soundtrack to the film 2 Fast 2 Furious the following year, in addition, Pitbull released several mixtapes, composed of freestyles and remixes of popular rap music. Campbell featured Pitbull in his single, Lollipop, together they focused on creating a more radio-friendly sound. Fernandez later told HitQuarters, At that time his music had a lot of verses and took a time to get into the hook. Fernandez introduced Pitbull to Lil Jon, hoping to secure the rapper a small guest intro spot on Lil Jons upcoming album Kings of Crunk. According to Fernandez, Jon took a liking to Pérez and offered him a track k on the album and this track helped raise the young rappers profile. In 2004, Pitbull released his debut album M. I. A. M. I, with the lead single being Culo produced by Lil Jon and the Diaz Brothers. It peaked at No.32 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, other singles included Dammit Man, Back Up, Toma, and Thats Nasty
14.
Too Short
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Todd Anthony Shaw, better known by the stage name Too Short, is an American rapper, producer, and actor. He is best known for his hit songs like The Ghetto, Too Short is one of the very few musicians to have been able to collaborate with both 2Pac and The Notorious B. I. G. during the height of their careers. Too Short is credited as being one of the rappers of West Coast hip hop. His rap lyrics are primarily about pimping, drug use, Shaw was born and grew up in South Central Los Angeles, California. In the early 1980s, Shaw and his moved to Oakland. He was a drummer in the band at Fremont High School in Oakland, in the mid 1980s, Shaw produced custom songs for people with his high school friend, Freddy B. In 1985, Too Short had his first release, Dont Stop Rappin which, along with the following three releases, featured raw, simple drum beats from a LinnDrum drum machine. This was also one of the first hip hop records to use the word bitch - a word which one of the rappers trademarks and was the focus of subsequent raps such as Aint nothing. In the early 1990s his beats came from mostly a TR-808 and from mid-to-late 2000s, in 1985, Too Short and Freddie B. formed the label Dangerous Music to regionally distribute his music and with others formed rap group The Dangerous Crew. Dangerous Music became Short Records, and then Up All Nite Records, with his 1989 release, Life Is. Too Short, he began using replayed established funk riffs with his beats. Subsequent work was collaborative, including work with Tupac Shakur. One of his notable collaborations during this period was on the track The World Is Filled. on the classic Notorious B. I. G, album Life After Death, he comes in on the third verse after Diddy and Biggie. Being featured on the album introduced him to an audience as well. He also appeared on TWDYs hit single Players Holiday from their 1999 debut album Derty Werk as well as the Priority Records compilation Nuthin, after these appearances, he began working on his eighth album, Cant Stay Away. The album included guest appearances by 8Ball & MJG, Jay-Z, Jermaine Dupri, Sean Combs, E-40, Daz Dillinger, Lil Jon, Soopafly, Scarface and B-Legit. Too Short relocated to Atlanta in 1994, but he did not begin working with a diverse variety of Southern artists until 2000. However, he didnt totally give up on his trademark funk grooves or sexually explicit style, new albums released 2000-2003 were You Nasty, Chase the Cat, Whats My Favorite Word. and Married to the Game. These albums all charted well, as they all were in the top 71 of the Billboard 200
15.
Usher (musician)
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Usher Raymond IV is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and actor. Born in Dallas, Texas but raised and lived in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, at the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records. In 1994 he released his debut album, Usher. 8701 produced the number-one singles U Remind Me and U Got It Bad and it sold 8 million copies worldwide and won his first two Grammy Awards as Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2002 and 2003. Confessions established him as one of the musical artists of the 2000s decade. Bolstered by its four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number one singles, Burn, Confessions Part II, and My Boo, it has been certified Diamond by the RIAA. Here I Stand and Raymond v. Raymond, debuted atop of the Billboard 200, the EP, Versus, also produced the Hot 100 top-five single DJ Got Us Fallin in Love. Looking 4 Myself, also debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, Raymond v. Raymond and Looking 4 Myself received Grammy Awards for R&B singles There Goes My Baby and Climax. Hard II Love peaked at five of the Billboard 200 albums chart. Usher has sold 23.8 million albums and 38.2 million digital songs in the United States, to date, his worldwide sales stand at 43 million albums and 75 million records overall, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. Usher has won awards and accolades including 18 Billboard Music Awards and 8 Grammy Awards. Billboard also placed him at number 6 on their list of Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years, Usher has attained 9 US Hot 100 number-one singles. Considered an icon and sex symbol, he was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame, in 2008, he started his own record label Raymond-Braun Media Group, a joint venture with talent manager Scooter Braun that includes Canadian singer Justin Bieber. Usher was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Jonetta Patton, from Tennessee, Usher spent the majority of his young life in Chattanooga, his father left the family when Usher was a year old. Usher grew up with his mother, then-stepfather, and half-brother, while in Atlanta, Usher attended North Springs High School. At age 10, Usher joined an R&B local quintet called the NuBeginnings, Usher recorded 10 songs with the group in 1991, and the ensuing album, Nubeginning Featuring Usher Raymond IV, was only made available regionally and by mail order. However, Patton took him out because, according to her, the album was re-released nationally in April 2002 by Hip-O Records. At age 13, Usher would meet A. J, alexander at local talent show in Atlanta
16.
Yelawolf
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Michael Wayne Atha, better known as Yelawolf, is an American hip hop recording artist from Gadsden, Alabama. In his early years, Yelawolf released his first independent album Creek Water, during 2005 to 2010, hes been putting the releases of one extended play and four mixtapes. In January 2011, Yelawolf signed a contract to Eminems record label, Shady Records. The album debuted at number 27 on the Billboard 200, Yelawolf released a sequel to his breakthrough mixtape Trunk Muzik, titled Trunk Muzik Returns on March 14,2013. His second album, Love Story, was released on April 21,2015, michael Wayne Atha was born on December 30,1979, in Gadsden, Alabama, and is of Cherokee and White American descent. His mother Sheila, whom he claims was a rockstar, gave birth to him at 15, throughout his childhood, Atha moved often. Thats where hip hop made sense culturally, regarding his stage name, Yelawolf has said, Yelawolf is Native American. My father is Cherokee and I’m from Cherokee county – Gadsden, yela represents light, the sun, power, fire, hunger and Wolf represents my ability to survive… my fierceness. In 2005, Yelawolf appeared on UPN Network reality series The Road to Stardom with Missy Elliott, after his elimination from the show, he released his independent debut album Creek Water in 2005, later the same year he released his debut mixtape Pissn in a Barrel of Beez. Two years later, Yelawolf signed to Columbia Records and released the single Kickin from his unreleased first studio album, Fearin and Loathin in Smalltown, the album was never released, after Yelawolf was dropped from the label later that year. Yelawolf released two following his release from Columbia, titled Ball of Flames, The Ballad of Slick Rick E. Bobby and Stereo, A Hip Hop Tribute to Classic Rock, in 2009, he signed with Ghet-O-Vision Entertainment and released his debut extended play Arena Rap. In 2009, he began to work with Ghet-O-Vision producer, WLPWR, released in January 2010, the mixtape created an enormous online following for Yelawolf. Later that year, Yelawolf signed a record deal with Interscope Records. It was released on November 22,2010, under Ghet-O-Vision Entertainment and Interscope Records, for the rest of 2010, he made guest appearance on Bizarres Friday Night at St. Andrews, as well appeared on albums by rappers Big Boi and Paul Wall. Yelawolf was also featured among the XXLs Top 11 Freshmen of 2011, releasing songs on the magazines yearly Freshman mixtape, along with Kendrick Lamar, Cyhi Da Prynce. On April 14,2011, Yelawolf announced the title of his debut Shady release Radioactive with a date that aimed for September. On May 18, Yelawolf announced his albums first single, titled Gangsta of Love, produced by Jim Jonsin, the song was leaked in early July, although it only featured unfinished vocals by Cyhi da Prynce at the end of the song
17.
Crunk Rock
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Crunk Rock is the solo debut album and eighth overall album by American crunk artist Lil Jon, released on June 8,2010 by BME and Universal Republic. The characters at the bottom of the cover are Japanese katakana characters, which read Kurunku Rokku. Work on the began in June 2005. In May 2006, MTV reported that it would be released late that summer or in early fall. At that time he announced that he was relocating to Las Vegas where the album would be recorded, the prospective release date at that time was Spring 2007. At this time he was already indicating problems with the record label, by August 2007, the albums release date had slipped again, with late 2007 the expected date. By November 2007, however, the album was reported to be 65 percent, maybe 70 percent done, with a release now expected in 2008, with Lil Jon taking time out to DJ and do voiceover work in Hollywood. A demo of What a Night featuring Jay Sean also recorded, the TVT label filed for bankruptcy in February 2008, putting the albums release into doubt. In October 2008, Lil Jon signed to Universal Republic and the album was re-scheduled for a release in early 2009. In March 2009, two mixtapes appeared from Lil Jon, Rockbox Vol.1 and 2, with Rolling Stone announcing that Crunk Rock was expected later in 2009, indeed, the second volume closed with Jon stating Crunk Rock coming sooooooon. By September 2009 a new date of November 24 was announced for the albums release, another single from the album, the RedOne-produced Give It All U Got, was announced, with a promotional video filmed in Miami in September. Lil Jon stated the album would now be more eclectic than previously envisaged with elements of music, pop. By October 2009, Lil Jon described the album as 80 percent done, with all tracks recorded but some final touches still required, the new single from the album, the disco-tinged Give It All U Got, was released in November 2009. Lil Jon held a Listening Session for the album in 2010, rap-Up reported that the album is set for a June 8,2010 release. In an interview with Billboard in May 2010 he confirmed that Crunk Rock will be released on June 8, the album was released in standard and deluxe edition. Official singles Ms. Chocolate, which features R. Kelly, hey, which features 3OH.3 was released as the second single. Promo singles Snap Yo Fingers was released as the first promotional single on February 4,2006, the single peaked at 7 in the United States, and topped the US R&B/Hip Hop and US Rap charts. However, the song did not make it for the album, act a Fool, which features Three 6 Mafia, was released as the second promotional single on November 7,2006
18.
The Celebrity Apprentice
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The Celebrity Apprentice is an American television reality competition series. It is a variation of The Apprentice series which was hosted by Arnold Schwarzenegger in 2017 and was hosted by Donald Trump. Also like its precursor, the opening theme song is For the Love of Money by The OJays. Unlike its precursor, however, Celebrity Apprentice consists of celebrities as competing apprentices rather than unknowns, some of the celebrities are relatively current while others tend to be those who have been out of the public eye for some time. All of them are competing to win money for an organization of their choice. The celebrities come from a variety of different fields in the media, sitcoms, professional sports, music industry, reality television, radio. The Celebrity Apprentice is linked in seasons to its precursor TV show, The Apprentice, the Celebrity Apprentice consists of seasons seven to nine and eleven onward. The eighth season premiered on January 2,2017, the two teams are given separate suites near the boardroom which they can use for planning and other activities related to the tasks. Additionally, the celebrities as contestants are not vying for a job, the host also has discretion to provide charity funds to eliminated celebrities as a consolation prize. On July 6,2007, it was announced that The Apprentice had been renewed for a seventh season, british tabloid editor Piers Morgan was declared the winner of that season. On January 28,2008, NBC confirmed that season eight would feature celebrities playing the game to raise money for charity and that season premiered in March 2009, and resulted in a win for comedian Joan Rivers. Season three of The Celebrity Apprentice aired in the spring of 2010, and was won by musician Bret Michaels. S. economy and that season premiered September 16,2010. This time the ratings were low, and both Trump and Producer Mark Burnett returned to the Celebrity format, which saw John Rich win in season four, in season five, late night host Arsenio Hall won. In season seven, Donald Trump returned the show to the regular Celebrity Apprentice format, TV anchor, NBC stated that they opted to sever their business ties with Trump following politically-charged comments that Trump made in June 2015, and began seeking a new host for the show. In an April 2016 interview, Trump revealed he earned about $213 million from the show over its 14 seasons, in September 2015, NBC announced that actor and politician Arnold Schwarzenegger would become the new host of The Celebrity Apprentice to premiere during the 2016–17 television season. The rebooted series, The New Celebrity Apprentice first broadcast on January 2,2017, on March 3,2017, NBC announced that Arnold Schwarzenegger stepped down as host of The Celebrity Apprentice, leaving the shows future up in the air. Schwarzenegger cited poor ratings as well as his feud with President Trump as factors in his decision, seasonal rankings of The Celebrity Apprentice on NBC. Note, Given that the show is a television series
19.
Atlanta
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Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U. S. state of Georgia, with an estimated 2015 population of 463,878. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5,710,795 people, Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County. In 1837, Atlanta was founded at the intersection of two lines, and the city rose from the ashes of the American Civil War to become a national center of commerce. Atlantas economy is considered diverse, with dominant sectors that include logistics, professional and business services, media operations, Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage. Revitalization of Atlantas neighborhoods, initially spurred by the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, has intensified in the 21st century, altering the demographics, politics. Prior to the arrival of European settlers in north Georgia, Creek Indians inhabited the area, standing Peachtree, a Creek village located where Peachtree Creek flows into the Chattahoochee River, was the closest Indian settlement to what is now Atlanta. As part of the removal of Native Americans from northern Georgia from 1802 to 1825, the Creek ceded the area in 1821. In 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western, the initial route was to run southward from Chattanooga to a terminus east of the Chattahoochee River, which would then be linked to Savannah. After engineers surveyed various possible locations for the terminus, the zero milepost was driven into the ground in what is now Five Points. A year later, the area around the milepost had developed into a settlement, first known as Terminus, and later as Thrasherville after a merchant who built homes. By 1842, the town had six buildings and 30 residents and was renamed Marthasville to honor the Governors daughter, later, J. Edgar Thomson, Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, suggested the town be renamed Atlantica-Pacifica, which was shortened to Atlanta. The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29,1847, by 1860, Atlantas population had grown to 9,554. During the American Civil War, the nexus of multiple railroads in Atlanta made the city a hub for the distribution of military supplies, in 1864, the Union Army moved southward following the capture of Chattanooga and began its invasion of north Georgia. On the next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered Atlanta to the Union Army, on November 11,1864, Sherman prepared for the Union Armys March to the Sea by ordering Atlanta to be burned to the ground, sparing only the citys churches and hospitals. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Atlanta was gradually rebuilt, due to the citys superior rail transportation network, the state capital was moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta in 1868. In the 1880 Census, Atlanta surpassed Savannah as Georgias largest city, by 1885, the founding of the Georgia School of Technology and the citys black colleges had established Atlanta as a center for higher education. In 1895, Atlanta hosted the Cotton States and International Exposition, during the first decades of the 20th century, Atlanta experienced a period of unprecedented growth. In three decades time, Atlantas population tripled as the city expanded to include nearby streetcar suburbs
20.
Georgia (U.S. state)
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Georgia is a state in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1733, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies, named after King George II of Great Britain, Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2,1788. It declared its secession from the Union on January 19,1861 and it was the last state to be restored to the Union, on July 15,1870. Georgia is the 24th largest and the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, from 2007 to 2008,14 of Georgias counties ranked among the nations 100 fastest-growing, second only to Texas. Georgia is known as the Peach State and the Empire State of the South, Atlanta is the states capital, its most populous city and has been named a global city. Georgia is bordered to the south by Florida, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina, to the west by Alabama, the states northern part is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains system. Georgias highest point is Brasstown Bald at 4,784 feet above sea level, Georgia is the largest state entirely east of the Mississippi River in land area. Before settlement by Europeans, Georgia was inhabited by the mound building cultures, the British colony of Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe on February 12,1733. The colony was administered by the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America under a charter issued by King George II. The Trustees implemented a plan for the colonys settlement, known as the Oglethorpe Plan. In 1742 the colony was invaded by the Spanish during the War of Jenkins Ear, in 1752, after the government failed to renew subsidies that had helped support the colony, the Trustees turned over control to the crown. Georgia became a colony, with a governor appointed by the king. The Province of Georgia was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution by signing the 1776 Declaration of Independence, the State of Georgias first constitution was ratified in February 1777. Georgia was the 10th state to ratify the Articles of Confederation on July 24,1778, in 1829, gold was discovered in the North Georgia mountains, which led to the Georgia Gold Rush and an established federal mint in Dahlonega, which continued its operation until 1861. The subsequent influx of white settlers put pressure on the government to land from the Cherokee Nation. In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law, sending many eastern Native American nations to reservations in present-day Oklahoma, including all of Georgias tribes. Despite the Supreme Courts ruling in Worcester v. Georgia that ruled U. S. states were not permitted to redraw the Indian boundaries, President Jackson and the state of Georgia ignored the ruling. In 1838, his successor, Martin Van Buren, dispatched troops to gather the Cherokee
21.
Douglass High School (Atlanta)
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Frederick Douglass High School is a public school located in northwest Atlanta, Georgia, United States, bordering the Collier Heights and Center Hill communities. Since 1968, Frederick Douglass High School has served the communities of historic Collier Heights, Peyton Forest, Cascade Heights, Center Hill, Atlanta Public Schools established Douglass High School to relieve overcrowding at nearby Harper, Turner, and West Fulton High Schools. All three of these merged with Douglass. Over 800 students attend Douglass High School, making it one of now smaller high schools in the Atlanta Public School System, from 2002 to 2004 the school was renovated to update the main building and add a gymnasium and auditorium. These buildings honor former principals Lester W. Butts and Samuel L. Hill, in 2009, Frederick Douglass High School was listed in the National Historic Registry as one of the buildings in The Collier Heights Historic District, Atlantas Premier African American Suburb. L. Middle schools feeding Douglass are Harper-Archer and Kennedy, Douglass High School competes in the Georgia High School Association Region 6, the states second highest classification of 4A. The schools teams are known as the Astros, and its colors are black, all home varsity football games are played at Lakewood Stadium. The boys basketball program has won the championship once. However, the team has reached the final four 16 times and they have played in the finals seven times. Douglass dominance was achieved under two coaches, Donald Dollar and Jesse Bonner, the girls basketball team reached their first state final four in March 2007. The football team has reached the finals once, and over the last 12 years has sent athletes to college on scholarships. They have won five championships, in 1975,1978,1995,1998 and 2004. Douglass has three tennis courts to accommodate their Varsity Tennis Team, students are encouraged to join whether they are beginners or avid players. The girls track and field won the state championship title in 1993. The boys track team finished second in state in 2008. Since 1993, the school has been a participant in the Stock Market Game, in spring 2000, it became the first and only predominantly black high school in the Atlanta Public School System to win the state championship. Team Coach and Sponsor Jill Dockett Beracki is a graduate of the high school, on May 7,2010, Douglass team, led by captain Brandon Dykes, won the National Championship sponsored by the SIFMA Foundation for Investor Education. The five-member team, Beracki, and Dr. Martin of the Georgia Council on Economic Education were flown to Washington and they were honored by Congressman John Lewis
22.
WRFG
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WRFG is a local indie radio format, public FM broadcasting station licensed to the city of Atlanta, Georgia, transmitting on a frequency of 89.3 MHz. On October 23,2007, the station improved its broadcast coverage area by operating from a new antenna and tower location with 65 kW ERP at 148 meters. WRFGs antenna location sits on a tower near Emory University shared amongst many broadcasters in the Atlanta area including WGCL-TV, WPCH-TV, WATL-TV, WUVG-TV, WWWQ-FM, WZGC-FM, wRFGs studios are located in the Little Five Points Community Center community, east of downtown Atlanta. WRFG89.3 Broadcasts 24 Hours a day at 100,000 Watts, WRFG provides a voice for those who have been traditionally denied access to the broadcast media and the involvement of a broad base of community elements to guarantee that access. In the utilization of the Foundations facilities and in its programs the following communities will receive first priority,1 and those who continue to be denied free and open access to the broadcast media,2. Those who suffer oppression or exploitation based upon class, race, sex, since going on the air on July 30,1973, WRFG has filled a void on the Atlanta airwaves. WRFG was the first Atlanta radio station since the 1950s to feature such regional musical forms as blues, bluegrass, reflecting Atlantas emergence as an international city, it pioneered programming oriented toward the areas growing Latin, African, Asian and Caribbean communities. WRFG was the first station to live broadcasts from the Arts Festival of Atlanta. WRFGs achievements extend beyond music alone, WRFG produced live broadcasts of speakers at the Hungry Club, Atlantas famous weekly interracial forum. It was the first and only station to air the work of local poets, playwrights. WRFG has also initiated programming directed toward Atlantas neighborhoods, the disabled, Lesbian, Gay and its in-depth coverage of events such as the 1987 rebellion at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary has received widespread acclaim. Between 1977 and 1980, WRFG produced the 50-part Living Atlanta, won national awards and established a tradition of documentary excellence at WRFG. In the fall of 1989, the University of Georgia Press published a book based on this award-winning series, in October 1995, WRFG attained its ultimate goal, broadcasting at 100,000 watts of power. The following year WRFG began the World Party Tours broadcasting live from locations around the world. In 1996, the first World Party Tour took WRFG to Jamaica, the same year WRFG went to Dublin, Ireland to broadcast the legendary St. Patricks Day Parade. In July 1998, WRFG celebrated 25 years of service to the community, World Party Tour 99 brought the Paint It Jazz Festival in Bridgetown, Barbados live to Atlanta in January of that year. The show is hosted by Heather Gray & Nadia Ali, Ph. D, Second Opinion Radio Second Opinion Radio is dedicated to exploring the connection between profit, politics and the exploitation of animals. The show is hosted by Melody Paris, Moving the Center Moving the Center w/ Kali-Ahset is the Friday edition of the Progressive News Hour, airing Fridays 12 - 1pm EST
23.
So So Def
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So So Def Recordings is a record label based in Atlanta, Georgia, and owned by producer Jermaine Dupri, specializing in Southern hip hop, R&B, and bass music. So So Def Recordings has managed such as Lil Bow Wow, Kris Kross, TLC, Usher. The label So So Def was established in 1993 as a spin-off of Dupris production company of the moniker, through a joint venture with Sony Music. Its first act was the female R&B group Xscape, whose album was released in the fall of the same year and went platinum—as did their second and third albums. In 1994, the released the debut album of Da Brat. In 1996, Kandi Burruss brought the singing group Jagged Edge to the attention of the label, their debut album, so So Def later released the triple platinum debut album by Bow Wow in 2000. Other acts on the label have included, Dem Franchise Boyz, Maestro Harrell, The Ghost Town DJs, INOJ, J-Kwon, Trina Broussard, R. O. C. and Anthony Hamilton. Da Brat Dondria Jagged Edge Jermaine Dupri Mani Nova In 2002, the following year, Dupri moved So So Def to Arista Records, where he was appointed president of Black Music. While many of So So Defs acts moved with the label to Arista, Bow Wow and Jagged Edge were forced to remain at Columbia, due to their contracts having been with that company primarily. In 2004, per the reconsolidation of labels caused by the merger of its former Sony Music parent and BMG, So So Def was shifted from Arista to its sister label, Zomba Label Group. So So Def, meanwhile, was able to retain J-Kwon and Anthony Hamilton, in 2006, Dupri had a falling out with Virgin, resulting in his leaving his post at the company. Intermittent, he was appointed President of urban music at Universal Music Groups Island Records, in 2009, it was reported that Dupri had been terminated from his post at Island Records. Later in the year, it was rumored that So So Def had moved back to Sony Music. In 2010, Mississippi-based independent label Malaco Records distributed So So Defs release of the Why Did I Get Married Too, in 2014, So So Def Recordings partnered with Primary Wave Music for the release of Jagged Edges album J. E. Heartbreak 2. In June 2016, So So Def Recordings partnered with Epic Records for current distribution
24.
HitQuarters
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HitQuarters is an international music industry publication and contact database founded in 1999. It is the site to the songwriting tip sheet SongQuarters. The website hosts a music industry directory that includes regularly updated contact info for A&Rs. The directory is distinctive for including track records for individual entry. The idea behind this is that users can judge the value of a contact by reviewing their past successes. It also means that users are able to search for a particular artist and find out the appropriate A&R, members of HitQuarters that have gone on to find success have included Christelle, The Knife, Dominique Young Unique, Bobby Creekwater, Lesley Roy and State of Shock. One of HitQuarters most prominent features is its weekly in-depth interviews with major figures such as A&Rs. Past judges have included Visible Noise CEO Julie Weir, and producers Colin Richardson and Eddie Galan, HitQuarters founded the worlds first A&R chart that measured the success of individual A&R representatives based on points accumulated from their respective artists chart success. Most notably,2004 saw Wind-Up Records Diana Meltzer become the first woman to top HitQuarters World Top 100 A&R Chart, previous number 1s have included Clive Davis, Tommy Mottola, Dr. Dre and Mark Williams. HitQuarters is a site to SongQuarters, an online tip sheet for songwriting leads to major. SongQuarters shares the same directory as HitQuarters and its members automatically have access to the HitQuarters site. SongQuarters is a subscription based service with 7-day trials available for those wanting to try it out first, the songwriting leads are split into three categories according to the level of the artist they relate to, Top 500, Newly Signed and Developing and Unsigned and Up-and-coming. SongQuarters Official HitQuarters Facebook page Official Twitter
25.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
26.
Kings of Crunk
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Kings of Crunk is the fourth studio album by Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz. Based on the success of the second single Get Low. In the same year, Lil Jon put out a compilation CD and DVD called Part II, which included remixes of Get Low featuring Busta Rhymes, Elephant Man, and the Ying Yang Twins. The singles I Dont Give a Fuck and Nothins Free were released To Radio in 2002, while Play No Games, also, Nothins Free was released on Vinyl, while I Dont Give a Fuck and Get Low were released on CD. Play No Games was also released on vinyl and CD In 2003, the album was certified 2x Platinum by the RIAA in 2003 for Sales of Over 2,000,000 Copies. This album is seen by hip-hop fans as their best album. All lyrics written by Lil Jon & the Eastside Boyz, except featured performers, all lyrics written by Lil Jon & the Eastside Boyz, except featured performers, all music composed by Lil Jon. For the track Throw It Up, Lil Jon worked with the leitmotif of the movie Requiem For A Dream which was composed by Clint Mansell, the track Nothins Free is a remix, and samples Janet Jacksons hit Lets Wait Awhile. The original was on the album, Put Yo Hood Up
27.
Get Low (Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz song)
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Get Low is a song by Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz, featuring Ying Yang Twins, released in 2003. It is featured on the 2002 album Kings of Crunk, the song reached number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 20 on the US Hot Digital Songs. It was number five on the top Hot R&B/Hip-Hop songs of 2003 and it is also known as a breakthrough single for the crunk genre, as the songs success helped it become mainstream. Three different radio edits of Get Low have been released, one had amended lyrics, while the other two bleeped out certain profanities. Of the two bleep censored versions, one left the word goddamn intact while the other censored the word. The song is referenced by Vampire Weekend in their song Oxford Comma from their 2008 self-titled album, proclaiming First the window, then its to the wall/ Lil Jon, he always tells the truth. The Ying Yang Twins used their lines from the later in their song Hanh. from the album Me & My Brother. A version of the song, edited due to its subject matter, the same edited version was featured 9 years later on the Kinect game Dance Central 3. This song was featured in the movies White Chicks, Coach Carter, The Proposal. Two official remixes were released in the EP Part II by Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz, remix - featuring Elephant Man and Busta Rhymes remix - featuring KRS-One, Snoop Dogg, MC Ren, Petey Pablo, Dr. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
28.
Crunk Juice
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Crunk Juice is the fifth and final studio album by American hip hop group Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz, released in November 16,2004, on TVT/BME. The album contains collaborations from rappers and singers, like R. Kelly, Ludacris, Ice Cube, Usher, Bun B from UGK, Jadakiss, Nas, T. I. the Ying Yang Twins. Lil Jons next solo album, 2010s Crunk Rock, did not feature the East Side Boyz, three of four singles released from the album have music videos, What U Gon Do, Real Nigga Roll Call, and Lovers and Friends. The fourth single, Get Crunk, did not have a video, though it was released on vinyl. The album was certified 2x platinum by the RIAA in 2005 for sales of over 2 million copies less than 2 weeks after its initial release, Crunk Juice is also the name of a once popular flavored malt beverage launched by Gila Brew Co. It was made by 7th Street Brewing and they announced in 2011 they were going to relaunch the brand and have new package designs and a new flavors with a smoother taste. It is already available to buy in several major US cities like Philadelphia, notes Track 6 contains samples of the remix of Sippin & Spinnin, performed by Gangsta Boo, Playa Fly and Bun B. Track 10 contains samples of Mandatory Suicide and Raining Blood, performed by Slayer, Track 12 contains samples of Lovers and Friends, performed by Michael Sterling. Track 17 contains samples of Tonight, performed by Kleeer, & interpolation of Saturday Love performed by Alexander ONeal & Cherrelle, Early pressings of this album erroneously credited Fat Joe as one of the rappers in The Grand Finale
29.
What U Gon' Do
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What U Gon Do is a single by Lil Jon & the Eastside Boyz from their album Crunk Juice and features Lil Scrappy. It is one of the best known songs that Lil Jon & The Eastside Boyz recorded together, the track reached #22 on the Billboard Hot 100, #8 on the Hot Rap Tracks chart, and #13 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart. Two remixes to the song was an addition to the Crunk Juice in the Remix CD, a Jamaican remix featuring Elephant Man and Lady Saw and a Latino remix featuring Pitbull and Daddy Yankee. The Latino remix became the official remix, the song appeared in a season one episode of The Andy Milonakis Show when Lil Jon guest starred
30.
Lovers and Friends (song)
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Lovers and Friends is a song by Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz. It was released in November 2004 as the single from the groups album Crunk Juice. The single features fellow American singer-songwriter Usher and American rapper Ludacris, the single peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. The B-Side Real N***a Roll Call features westcoast rapper Ice Cube, lovers and Friends contains an interpolation of a song by the same name and performed by Michael Sterling from his 1990 album Trouble
31.
Salt Shaker (song)
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Salt Shaker is a crunk music song released by rap group the Ying Yang Twins featuring Lil Jon and The East Side Boyz. It was released on their studio album, Me & My Brother. The song was released as the second single. It reached the top ten in the United States, reaching #9, in the United States, Salt Shaker has become the biggest hit of the Ying Yang Twins career, debuting in the top 10 at #9 on February 14,2004 and staying there for two weeks. The official remix featured Lil Jon and The East Side Boyz, Murphy Lee, there is an official extended remix that the above artists and additional verses by Fatman Scoop, Jacki-O, B. G. There is also a remix on DJ Dramas Gangsta Grillz X with Big Boi & Snoop Dogg
32.
Yeah! (Usher song)
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Yeah. is a song by American singer Usher. He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, and Lil Jon. It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former producing the song as well as incorporating crunk. Topped the US Billboard Hot 100 chart for consecutive weeks. Yeah. was the number one single in 2004, subsequently topping the year-end chart on the Hot 100. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, the song received a similar response in other countries, topping in other twelve charts worldwide. It was certified platinum in countries, including Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany and Norway. The song peaked in the top-ten in several Year-end charts, an accompanying music video, directed by Mr. X, shows Usher performing choreography in a club in front of blue laser beams. Yeah won a Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 47th Grammy Awards, the song ranked second on the Billboard Hot 100 2000–2009 Decade-end chart. As of September 2013, the song has sold over 4 million copies in the US, in the fall of 2003, Usher submitted his fourth studio album, Confessions, to his record label Arista Records. However, when the singer and the companys then-president L. A. Reid listened to the songs, in light of this, Usher was told to record a few more tracks, and so he enlisted American rapper-producer Lil Jon to aid in musical production. Lil Jon recalled He needed a single and they had Burn, Burn was hot, but they needed that first powerful monster. Several months prior to Lil Jon coming in to aid in the production of Confessions, the rapper would only select two tracks, which would give Lil Jon the opportunity to give leftover songs to other record labels. Without Lil Jons knowledge, Jive Records gave one of the tracks to hip hop artist Petey Pablo. Meanwhile, assuming that the song had not been used, Lil Jon gave the production to Usher, Lil Jon commented, With so much invested, Jive wouldnt give up the cut. Lil Jon reworked the track and a new instrumental was used, though Yeah. was now completed, the label still had Burn on queue for the lead single. Ushers friend and former A&R rep Kawan KP Prather commented, Burn being a song is one thing, but its one of them things where people said, Its strong. At the end of the day, you want an event, Usher was unsure if Yeah. was the right choice
33.
Freek-a-Leek
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Freek-a-Leek is an American hip hop song co-written and recorded by American rapper Petey Pablo. It was released in December 2003 as the single from his second album Still Writing in My Diary. It was produced by Lil Jon where the song fits the uptempo subgenre of Southern hip hop called crunk, the single peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 in May 2004. With that, the song was featured on the 2004 compilation album Now Thats What I Call Music,16 In 2000, following an appearance on the remix of the Black Rob single Whoa. Petey Pablo caught the attention of rapper and record producer Timbaland, as well as the A&R manager of Jive Records, pablos first single, Raise Up, was an instant commercial success, reaching the top 25 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and receiving heavy airplay on MTV. Despite these delays, Pablo continued to record material for the album and he recorded Freek-a-Leek following studio sessions with Atlanta record producer Lil Jon, whose popularity had increased following his work with southern hip hop duo the Ying Yang Twins. Before Lil Jon began work with Petey Pablo, at the request of Jive he had made fifteen productions for American rapper Mystikal, who also recorded for the label, although he passed most of them on. One of these, the production that would eventually become Freek-a-Leek, was given to Pablo by Jive without Jons knowledge, meanwhile, thinking that the beat had not been used, Lil Jon gave the production to American singer Usher for his single Yeah. From which a version of the song was recorded, mixed and mastered. It begins and ends with a radio show, with Pablo acting as an impromptu host as well as introducing the song. Pablos vocals are built around a novation synth based melody, with a flute becoming audible during the chorus as well as a set of cleverly layered vocal chants, the remix features Jermaine Dupri and Twista. The song appears on Twistas Kamikaze, the music video was directed by Erik White and features actress Esther Baxter. The opening scene is based on the film Belly
34.
Shorty Wanna Ride
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Shorty Wanna Ride is the second single from Young Bucks first album, Straight Outta Cashville. Shorty Wanna Ride was released in late 2004, the song debuted at #68 on the Billboard Hot 100 and peaked at #17 on the chart, becoming Young Bucks highest charting single. The song is produced by Jonathan Lil Jon Smith, the video was inspired by the film Natural Born Killers. Actress Malinda Williams stars in this video as Young Bucks love interest, pauly Shore also makes a cameo appearance in this video as a news reporter. At the end of the video, the song Stomp is briefly played, ludacris and The Game make cameo appearances in the video. 50 Cent and Olivia also have appearances in the video
35.
Young Buck
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David Darnell Brown, best known by his stage name Young Buck, is an American rapper. Buck is a member of the hip hop group UTP Playas. As a music executive, he heads his own label, Ca$hville Records. After being dismissed from the back in 2008, Buck reunited with his former group members on June 1,2014 at Hot 97s Summer Jam event. Around the age of twelve, Brown began rapping because he was inspired by a Miami friend named Clay Cole, jealous of his friends talent, he wanted to beat him no matter what he had to give up. At the same time Clay Cole moved to Tallahassee in Florida, shortly thereafter, he was given an opportunity to perform for Brian Baby Williams, co-founder of Cash Money Records. After several years on and off of Cash Money Records, Brown and fellow rapper Juvenile decided to leave the label for good in 2000 and go to UTP Records, where Brown stayed until 2003. One of his appearances was on the song Memphis, where he was featured along with Three 6 Mafia, Project Pat. His deal with UTP later led to a meeting with New York rapper 50 Cent, Young Buck would get his first major deal with Cash Money Records in 1995 when he was given an opportunity to perform to Brian Baby Williams, co-founder of Cash Money. Buck, soon after, would tour with Birdman on the road, even though Buck was signed with the label, he never appeared on any of their albums or released his own under the label. The trustee administering his estate has said she plans to sell the trademarked Young Buck moniker itself along with other assets. While he admitted both artists have his respect, Birdman said there is no truth to the speculation, stating Both of them is two of the little homies I have the utmost respect for, he said, I dont know Lil Bs situation. Im friends to both of them, if the opportunity ever came, I would love to work with both of them. I know Buck is in a situation, I got love and respect for both of them, but they never came across the menu yet -- I spoke with Buck a few times, hes been a friend of the family. But it aint came to none of that, after leaving Cash Money in late 2000, Young Buck joined UTP Records and the rap group UTP Playas. His deal with UTP later led to a meeting with New York rapper 50 Cent who later signed Buck to G-Unit Records, under Interscope Records. Buck would release 2 albums Born To Be A Thug & The Compilation with UTP before leaving the label and rap group in 2003 to join 50 Cents record label G-Unit Records and the rap group G-Unit. After leaving UTP Records in 2003, Young Buck would link up with up, looking to broaden his empire,50 Cent was quick to sign Young Buck to his G-Unit imprint and also welcome him as one of the newest members of the rap group G-Unit
36.
Girlfight (song)
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Girlfight is the debut single recorded by R&B singer Brooke Valentine. It serves as the first single from her album, Chain Letter. The song features American rappers Lil Jon and Big Boi from OutKast, the song is about a tension between two girls who end up in a catfight and was a minor Top 30 hit, peaking at #23 in June 2005. A remix was made which features Da Brat, Ms. B and Remy Ma
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Brooke Valentine
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Kanesha Nichole Brookes, better known by her stage name Brooke Valentine, is an American singer, actress, and model. After a first attempt at a comeback, Brooke officially returned to the spotlight in 2012 with two singles Forever and the Adult R&B Top 40 hit Dont Wanna Be In Love. Valentine was born in Houston, Texas She started her career as a member of the female group Best Kept Secret. To pursue a career, she moved to Los Angeles, California with producer and Subliminal Entertainment CEO Deja the Great. Brooke Valentine made her debut with the hit single, Girlfight, which featured Lil Jon and Big Boi and it succeeded internationally, peaking in the Top 50 in Australia and Ireland, and Top 40 in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. She then released her debut album Chain Letter in 2005 which debuted at #16 on the US Billboard 200, a follow-up single Long as You Come Home peaked at #71 on the US R&B/Hip-Hop chart, while a third was released digitally but not sent to radio. Later that year, collaborated with rappers Fabolous and Yo Yo on the single Boogie Oogie Oogie for the Roll Bounce soundtrack, in 2006, Valentine set work on her second studio album, Physical Education. She released the lead single D-Girl featuring Pimp C that year. A follow-up single Pimped Out featuring Dem Franchize Boyz was released but failed to catch on, eventually, the Physical Education project was put on hold due to Virgin Records’ merger with Capitol Records in 2008. In a 2010 interview, Valentine said that she took a break and has been writing music for other artists and that year, she also gave birth to her first child, a son named London. In 2012, she did an interview with Essence Magazine discussing raising her sons cerebral palsy diagnosis and she also penned an open letter to him with Ebony Magazine, calling him her tiny hero. Adding to her name the alias B. Valentine, she released a video for the song Insanity in January 2012, shot entirely on an Apple iPad. She announced a new album titled Forever set for later in the year. Rub It In was announced as the second single and released as a digital single. In 2013, she released a new EP titled Love Letters which garnered a positive response, a single from the set, Dont Wanna Be In Love was released and peaked at #29 on the Billboard Adult R&B chart, marking her first chart appearance in six years. In 2014, she joined the L. A. -spin off cast of VH1s hit reality series Love & Hip Hop, since then, shes been working on her second studio album. In 2016, she released a series of new singles, with Grow Up on April 29, #CRAIG on July 2
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