1.
Kennedy Center Honors
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The Kennedy Center Honors is an annual honor given to those in the performing arts for their lifetime of contributions to American culture. The Honors have been presented annually since 1978, culminating each December in a gala celebrating the Honorees in the Kennedy Center Opera House. George Stevens, Jr. created the Kennedy Center Honours with the late Nick Vanoff and he was the producer and co-writer through the 2014 awards, after which he sold the production rights to the Kennedy Center. The Kennedy Center Honors started in 1977, after that years 10th-anniversary White House reception, Roger L. Stevens, the founding chairman of the Kennedy Center, asked George Stevens, Jr. the founding director of the AFI, to hold an event for the Center. George Stevens asked Isaac Stern to become involved, and then pitched the idea to the television network CBS, with the announcement of the first honors event and honorees, CBS vice president for specials Bernie Sofronski stated, George came to us with this. What turned us on is that this is the show of its kind. In Europe and most countries, they have ways of honoring their actors, england has its command performances for the queen. We see this as a national honoring of people who have contributed to society, were going to make an effort in terms of a real special. The first host was Leonard Bernstein in 1978, followed by Eric Sevareid in 1979, walter Cronkite hosted from 1981 to 2002 and Caroline Kennedy hosted from 2003 until 2012. Glenn Close was host in 2013 and Stephen Colbert has hosted since 2014, ricky Kirshner and Glenn Weiss of White Cherry Entertainment were selected as Executive Producers of the 38th annual Kennedy Center Honors after George Stevens, Jr. stepped down. This is one of the few shows that does not air live. The Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees selects the Honoree recipients based on excellence in music, dance, theater, opera, the invitation-only weekend-long ceremony includes the Chairmans Luncheon, State Department dinner, White House reception and the Honors gala performances and supper. Surrounded by the Honorees, the luncheon is held on Saturday at the Kennedy Center, on Sunday, there is an early-evening White House reception hosted by the President of the United States and the First Lady, followed by the Honors gala performance at the Kennedy Center and supper. For the 2015 gala performance, President Barack Obama did attend, bush did not attend in December 1989 and President Bill Clinton did not attend in 1994. There have been 200 recipients to date of the Kennedy Center Honors Awards during the Honors 39 years, the vast majority have been bestowed on individuals. Nathan Milstein, and Alwin Nikolais 1988 — Alvin Ailey, George Burns, Myrna Loy, Alexander Schneider, actress Katharine Hepburn declined the committees first offer, though she relented in 1990. Doris Day repeatedly turned down the honors because her fear of flying prevented her from attending the ceremony, when considering Irving Berlin for the 1987 awards because of criticism for overlooking him, the Center was informed that Berlin wanted to be honored only if he surpassed his 100th birthday. Also, he was in failing health, being confined to a following a series of strokes
2.
Detroit
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Detroit is the most populous city in the U. S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state, the municipality of Detroit had a 2015 estimated population of 677,116, making it the 21st-most populous city in the United States. Roughly one-half of Michigans population lives in Metro Detroit alone, the Detroit–Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada–U. S. Border, has a population of about 5.7 million. Detroit is a port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States, the City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a tunnel and various bridges, Detroit was founded on July 24,1701 by the French explorer and adventurer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac and a party of settlers. During the 19th century, it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region, with expansion of the American automobile industry in the early 20th century, the Detroit area emerged as a significant metropolitan region within the United States. The city became the fourth-largest in the country for a period, in the 1950s and 1960s, suburban expansion continued with construction of a regional freeway system. A great portion of Detroits public transport was abandoned in favour of becoming a city in the post-war period. Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, between 2000 and 2010 the citys population fell by 25 percent, changing its ranking from the nations 10th-largest city to 18th. In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and this resulted from suburbanization, corruption, industrial restructuring and the decline of Detroits auto industry. In 2013, the state of Michigan declared an emergency for the city. Detroit has experienced urban decay as its population and jobs have shifted to its suburbs or elsewhere, conservation efforts managed to save many architectural pieces since the 2000s and allowed several large-scale revitalisations. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, paleo-Indian people inhabited areas near Detroit as early as 11,000 years ago. In the 17th century, the region was inhabited by Huron, Odawa, Potawatomi, for the next hundred years, virtually no British, colonist, or French action was contemplated without consultation with, or consideration of the Iroquois likely response. When the French and Indian War evicted the Kingdom of France from Canada, the 1798 raids and resultant 1799 decisive Sullivan Expedition reopened the Ohio Country to westward emigration, which began almost immediately, and by 1800 white settlers were pouring westwards. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400, by 1778, its population was up to 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in the Province of Quebec
3.
Michigan
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Michigan /ˈmɪʃᵻɡən/ is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, Michigan is the tenth most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area. Its capital is Lansing, and its largest city is Detroit, Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula, to which the name Michigan was originally applied, is noted to be shaped like a mitten. The Upper Peninsula is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac, the two peninsulas are connected by the Mackinac Bridge. The state has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world, being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes, as a result, it is one of the leading U. S. states for recreational boating. Michigan also has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds, a person in the state is never more than six miles from a natural water source or more than 85 miles from a Great Lakes shoreline. What is now the state of Michigan was first settled by Native American tribes before being colonized by French explorers in the 17th century, the area was organized as part of the larger Northwest Territory until 1800, when western Michigan became part of the Indiana Territory. Eventually, in 1805, the Michigan Territory was formed, which lasted until it was admitted into the Union on January 26,1837, the state of Michigan soon became an important center of industry and trade in the Great Lakes region and a popular immigrant destination. Though Michigan has come to develop an economy, it is widely known as the center of the U. S. automotive industry. When the first European explorers arrived, the most populous tribes were Algonquian peoples, which include the Anishinaabe groups of Ojibwe, Odaawaa/Odawa, the three nations co-existed peacefully as part of a loose confederation called the Council of Three Fires. The Ojibwe, whose numbers are estimated to have been between 25,000 and 35,000, were the largest, French voyageurs and coureurs des bois explored and settled in Michigan in the 17th century. The first Europeans to reach what became Michigan were those of Étienne Brûlés expedition in 1622, the first permanent European settlement was founded in 1668 on the site where Père Jacques Marquette established Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan as a base for Catholic missions, missionaries in 1671–75 founded outlying stations at Saint Ignace and Marquette. Jesuit missionaries were received by the areas Indian populations, with relatively few difficulties or hostilities. In 1679, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle built Fort Miami at present-day St. Joseph, in 1691, the French established a trading post and Fort St. Joseph along the St. Joseph River at the present day city of Niles. The hundred soldiers and workers who accompanied Cadillac built a fort enclosing one arpent, cadillacs wife, Marie Thérèse Guyon, soon moved to Detroit, becoming one of the first European women to settle in the Michigan wilderness. The town quickly became a major fur-trading and shipping post, the Église de Saint-Anne was founded the same year
4.
Stand-up comedy
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Stand-up comedy is a comic style in which a comedian performs in front of a live audience, usually speaking directly to them. The performer is known as a comic, stand-up comic, stand-up comedian. In stand-up comedy, the comedian usually recites a grouping of humorous stories, jokes and one-liners typically called a monologue, routine, some stand-up comedians use props, music, or magic tricks to enhance their acts. Stand-up comedy is often performed in clubs, bars and pubs, nightclubs. Outside of live performance, stand-up is often distributed commercially via television, DVD, CD, in stand-up comedy, the feedback of the audience is instant and crucial for the comedians act. Audiences expect a stand-up comic to provide a stream of laughs. Will Ferrell has called stand-up comedy hard, lonely and vicious, a stand-up comedy show may involve only one comedian, or feature a headline or a showcase format. This is followed by one or two middle or featured acts, who perform 15- to 20-minute sets, followed by a headliner who performs for longer, a showcase format may still feature an MC. Bringer shows are another opportunity for amateur performers, the performer must bring a specified number of paying guests in order to get stage time. The guests usually have to pay a charge and there is often a minimum number of drinks that must be ordered. These shows usually have a showcase format and this type of show gives comedians better exposure than open mics because there is usually better audience turnout and industry professionals sometimes go to watch. Different comedy clubs have different requirements for their bringer shows, gotham Comedy Club in New York City, for example, usually has ten-person bringers, while Broadway Comedy Club in New York City usually has six-person bringers. As the name implies, stand-up comedians usually perform their material while standing, stand-up comedy has its origin in classic Parrhesia in 400 BC used for cynics and epicureans in order to tell the reality without censorship. Stand-up comedy in the United Kingdom began in the halls of the 18th and 19th centuries. The heavy censorship regime of the Lord Chamberlains Office required all comedians to submit their acts for censorship, the act would be returned with unacceptable sections underlined in blue pencil. The comedian was then obliged not to deviate from the act in its edited form, the rise of the post-war comedians coincided with the rise of television and radio, and the traditional music hall circuit suffered greatly as a result. By the 1970s, music hall entertainment was virtually dead, alternative circuits had evolved, such as working mens clubs. The alternative comedy scene began to evolve
5.
Television
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Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome, or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a set, a television program. Television is a medium for entertainment, education, news, politics, gossip. Television became available in experimental forms in the late 1920s. After World War II, a form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United States and Britain, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses. During the 1950s, television was the medium for influencing public opinion. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US, for many reasons, the storage of television and video programming now occurs on the cloud. At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity, another development was the move from standard-definition television to high-definition television, which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in various formats, 1080p, 1080i, in 2013, 79% of the worlds households owned a television set. Most TV sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs, major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. In the near future, LEDs are gradually expected to be replaced by OLEDs, also, major manufacturers have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s. Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s, Television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the signal to individual television receivers. Alternatively television signals are distributed by cable or optical fiber, satellite systems and. Until the early 2000s, these were transmitted as analog signals, a standard television set is composed of multiple internal electronic circuits, including a tuner for receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is correctly called a video monitor rather than a television, the word television comes from Ancient Greek τῆλε, meaning far, and Latin visio, meaning sight. The Anglicised version of the term is first attested in 1907 and it was. formed in English or borrowed from French télévision. In the 19th century and early 20th century, other. proposals for the name of a technology for sending pictures over distance were telephote. The abbreviation TV is from 1948, the use of the term to mean a television set dates from 1941
6.
Film
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A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides
7.
Theatre
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The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of art, such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, presence, the specific place of the performance is also named by the word theatre as derived from the Ancient Greek θέατρον, itself from θεάομαι. Modern theatre, broadly defined, includes performances of plays and musical theatre, there are connections between theatre and the art forms of ballet, opera and various other forms. The city-state of Athens is where western theatre originated, participation in the city-states many festivals—and mandatory attendance at the City Dionysia as an audience member in particular—was an important part of citizenship. The Greeks also developed the concepts of dramatic criticism and theatre architecture, Actors were either amateur or at best semi-professional. The theatre of ancient Greece consisted of three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play, the origins of theatre in ancient Greece, according to Aristotle, the first theoretician of theatre, are to be found in the festivals that honoured Dionysus. The performances were given in semi-circular auditoria cut into hillsides, capable of seating 10, the stage consisted of a dancing floor, dressing room and scene-building area. Since the words were the most important part, good acoustics, the actors wore masks appropriate to the characters they represented, and each might play several parts. Athenian tragedy—the oldest surviving form of tragedy—is a type of dance-drama that formed an important part of the culture of the city-state. Having emerged sometime during the 6th century BCE, it flowered during the 5th century BCE, no tragedies from the 6th century BCE and only 32 of the more than a thousand that were performed in during the 5th century BCE have survived. We have complete texts extant by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, the origins of tragedy remain obscure, though by the 5th century BCE it was institution alised in competitions held as part of festivities celebrating Dionysus. As contestants in the City Dionysias competition playwrights were required to present a tetralogy of plays, the performance of tragedies at the City Dionysia may have begun as early as 534 BCE, official records begin from 501 BCE, when the satyr play was introduced. More than 130 years later, the philosopher Aristotle analysed 5th-century Athenian tragedy in the oldest surviving work of dramatic theory—his Poetics, Athenian comedy is conventionally divided into three periods, Old Comedy, Middle Comedy, and New Comedy. Old Comedy survives today largely in the form of the surviving plays of Aristophanes. New Comedy is known primarily from the papyrus fragments of Menander. Aristotle defined comedy as a representation of people that involves some kind of blunder or ugliness that does not cause pain or disaster. In addition to the categories of comedy and tragedy at the City Dionysia, finding its origins in rural, agricultural rituals dedicated to Dionysus, the satyr play eventually found its way to Athens in its most well-known form. Satyrs themselves were tied to the god Dionysus as his loyal companions, often engaging in drunken revelry
8.
Improvisational theatre
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Improvisational theatre exists in performance as a range of styles of improvisational comedy as well as some non-comedic theatrical performances. It is sometimes used in film and television, both to develop characters and scripts and occasionally as part of the final product. Improvisational techniques are used extensively in drama programs to train actors for stage, film. However, the skills and processes of improvisation are used outside of the context of performing arts. It is sometimes used in psychotherapy as a tool to gain insight into a persons thoughts, feelings, the earliest well documented use of improvisational theatre in Eastern history is found in the Atellan Farce of Africa 391 BC. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, commedia dellarte performers improvised based on an outline in the streets of Italy. Some people credit American Dudley Riggs as the first vaudevillian to use audience suggestions to create improvised sketches on stage, Spolin influenced the first generation of modern American improvisers at The Compass Players in Chicago, which led to The Second City. Her son, Paul Sills, along with David Shepherd, started The Compass Players, following the demise of the Compass Players, Paul Sills began The Second City. They were the first organized troupes in Chicago, and the modern Chicago improvisational comedy movement grew from their success. Many of the current rules of comedic improv were first formalized in Chicago in the late 1950s and early 1960s, initially among The Compass Players troupe, which was directed by Paul Sills. From most accounts, David Shepherd provided the vision of the Compass Players. Mike Nichols, Ted Flicker, and Del Close were her most frequent collaborators in this regard, during this time, Forsberg trained many of the performers who went on to star on The Second City stage. Simultaneously, Keith Johnstones group The Theatre Machine, which originated in London, was touring Europe and this work gave birth to Theatresports, at first secretly in Johnstones workshops, and eventually in public when he moved to Canada. Toronto has been home to a rich improv tradition, in 1984, Dick Chudnow founded ComedySportz in Milwaukee, WI. Expansion began with the addition of ComedySportz-Madison, in 1985, the first Comedy League of America National Tournament was held in 1988, with 10 teams participating. The league is now known as World Comedy League and boasts a roster of 24 international cities, in San Francisco, The Committee theater was active in North Beach during the 1960s. It was founded by alumni of Chicagos Second City, Alan Myerson, when The Committee disbanded in 1972, three major companies were formed, The Pitchell Players, The Wing, and Improvisation Inc. The only company that continued to perform Closes Harold was the latter one and its two former members, Michael Bossier and John Elk, formed Spaghetti Jam in San Franciscos Old Spaghetti Factory in 1976, where shortform improv and Harolds were performed through 1983
9.
Jane Wagner
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Jane Wagner is an American writer, director and producer. Wagner is best known as Lily Tomlins comedy writer, collaborator and she is the author of The Search for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe, The Incredible Shrinking Woman and other Tomlin vehicles. Wagner was born and raised in Morristown, Tennessee, where she developed a penchant for writing. She attended Morristown High School, where she wrote for the school newspaper, at 17, she left the hills of East Tennessee to pursue an acting career in New York City, where she also studied painting and sculpture at the School of Visual Arts and piano. Early in her life she toured with the Barter Theatre of Abingdon, Virginia and it was the beginning of a collaboration that continues to this day. She wrote and directed Moment by Moment, starring Tomlin and John Travolta, and wrote The Incredible Shrinking Woman, the Search for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe won Wagner a Special Award from the New York Drama Critics’ Circle and a New York Drama Desk Award. The film adaptation of the play brought Wagner a Cable ACE Award, Wagner won a second Peabody for the ABC special, Edith Ann’s Christmas, Just Say Noel. Since its launch in 2008, Wagner has been a contributor for wowOwow. com, ISBN 978-0-440-44275-2 OCLC25466332 Tomlin, Lily, and Jane Wagner. Recorded live at the Biltmore Theatre, New York City, development and Effect of Feminist Consciousness Raising Womens Groups, Los Angeles, Late 1960s Through 1982. OCLC18254930 Wagner, Jane, Elon Soltes, Wendy Apple, valley Village, Calif. Tomlin and Wagner Theatricalz,1992. Recorded live at the Huntington Hartford Theater in Los Angeles, Calif, originally produced for television in 1978. Edith Ann -- My Life, So Far, as told to and illustrated by Jane Wagner. ISBN 978-0-786-86120-0 OCLC31236871 Tomlin, Lily, Jane Wagner, conversation with Lily Tomlin and Jane Wagner, October 25,1994. San Francisco, City Arts & Lectures, Inc,1994, jeannette Du Bois, Theresa Merritt, Kevin Hooks. OCLC63681705 Tomlin, Lily, and Jane Wagner, united States, Universal Music Enterprises,2003. Recorded live at The Ice House, Pasadena, March 1976, OCLC212930925 Tomlin, Lily, and Jane Wagner. The Search for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe, a film adaptation of the Broadway play by Jane Wagner. OCLC63664207 Wagner, Jane, Marilyn French, and Lily Tomlin, the Search for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe
10.
Comedian
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A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience, primarily by making them laugh. This might be through jokes or amusing situations, or acting a fool, as in slapstick, a comedian who addresses an audience directly is called a stand-up comic. Since the 1980s, a new wave of comedy, called alternative comedy, has grown in popularity with its more offbeat and this normally involves more experiential, or observational reporting, e. g. Alexei Sayle, Daniel Tosh, Louis C. K. and Malcolm Hardee. Many comics achieve a cult following while touring famous comedy hubs such as the Just for Laughs festival in Montreal, the Edinburgh Fringe, often a comics career advances significantly when they win a notable comedy award, such as the Edinburgh Comedy Award. Comics sometimes foray into other areas of entertainment, such as film and television, however, a comics stand-up success does not guarantee a films critical or box office success. Comedians can be dated back to 425 BC, when Aristophanes and he wrote 40 comedies,11 of which survive and are still being performed. Aristophanes comedy style took the form of satyr plays, the English poet and playwright William Shakespeare wrote many comedies. A Shakespearean comedy is one that has an ending, usually involving marriages between the unmarried characters, and a tone and style that is more light-hearted than Shakespeares other plays. Charles Chaplin was the most popular comedian of the first half of the 20th century. He wrote comedic silent films such as Modern Times and The Kid and his films still have a major impact on comedy in films today. One of the most popular forms of comedy is stand-up comedy. Stand-up comedy is a monologue performed by one or more people standing on a stage. Bob Hope was the most popular comedian of the 20th century. Other noted stand-up comedians include George Carlin, Jerry Seinfeld, Lenny Bruce, Mort Sahl, Louis CK, another popular form of modern-day comedy is talk shows where comedians make fun of current news or popular topics. Such comedians include Jay Leno, Conan OBrien, Daniel Tosh, Chris Hardwick, Jimmy Fallon, David Letterman, a third form of modern-day comedy is television programs in which many comedians band together to make skits, such as Saturday Night Live. These shows often receive high ratings, likely because many comedians band together to create jokes, one of the most successful comedians is Ellen Degeneres, who has parlayed her comic career into film, television shows, and hosting major media events. In 1986, Ellen DeGeneres appeared for the first time on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson since she began gaining popularity as a comic in the 1980s. Johnny Carson, who launched many contemporary comics careers, would invite them to join him on the couch for one-on-one conversation after their set
11.
Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In
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Rowan & Martins Laugh-In is an American sketch comedy television program that ran for 140 episodes from January 22,1968, to March 12,1973, on the NBC television network. Laugh-In originally aired as a special on September 9,1967. In 2002, Rowan & Martins Laugh-In was ranked number 42 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, the show was characterized by a rapid-fire series of gags and sketches, many of which conveyed sexual innuendo or were politically charged. The co-hosts continued the exasperated straight man and dumb guy act which they had established as nightclub comics, each episode followed a somewhat similar format, often including recurring sketches. The show started with a dialogue between Rowan and Martin. Shortly afterward, Rowan would intone, Cmon Dick, lets go to the party, the show then proceeded through rapid-fire comedy bits, taped segments, and recurring sketches. The Rompus Room cocktail party was similar in format to the Word Dance segments of A Thurber Carnival, at the end of every show, Rowan turned to his co-host and said, Say good night, Dick, to which Martin replied, Good night, Dick. The show then featured cast members opening panels in a psychedelically painted joke wall, although most episodes include most of the above segments, the arrangement of the segments was often interchanged. The show often featured guest stars, Ruth Buzzi, Judy Carne, Henry Gibson, Larry Hovis, Arte Johnson, and Jo Anne Worley appeared in the pilot special from 1967. Only the two hosts, announcer Gary Owens, and Buzzi, Carne, Gibson, and Johnson, were in all 14 episodes of season one, eileen Brennan, Hovis, and Roddy Maude-Roxby left after the first season. The second season had a handful of new people, including Alan Sues, Dave Madden, All of the new cast members from season two left at the end of that season, except Alan Sues, who stayed on until 1972. At the end of the 1968–69 season, Carne chose not to renew her contract, the third season had several new people who only stayed on for that season, Teresa Graves, Jeremy Lloyd, Pamela Rodgers, and Byron Gilliam. Lily Tomlin joined in the middle of the season, Jo Anne Worley, Goldie Hawn, and Judy Carne left after the season. Arte Johnson, who created many characters, insisted on star billing. The producer mollified him, but had announcer Gary Owens read Johnsons credit as a sentence, Starring Dan Rowan. This maneuver gave Johnson star billing, but made it sound like he was part of the ensemble cast. Johnson left the show after the 1970–71 season, Henry Gibson also departed after the 1970–71 season. Johnson and he were replaced by former Hogans Heroes stars Richard Dawson and Larry Hovis, however, the loss of Johnsons many popular characters caused ratings to drop further
12.
Netflix
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Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29,1997, in Scotts Valley, California. It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail, in 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production, as well as online distribution. As of 2017 the company has its headquarters in Los Gatos, Netflixs initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflixs founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business. In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD, Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series, House of Cards. It has greatly expanded the production of film and television series since then, offering Netflix Original content through its online library of films. Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, in January 2017, Netflix reported having over 93 million subscribers worldwide, including more than 49 million in the United States. Netflix was founded on August 29,1997, in Scotts Valley, California, by Marc Randolph, Randolph worked as marketing director for Hastings company, Pure Atria Corporation. Randolph was a co-founder of MicroWarehouse, a mail order company. Hastings, a computer scientist and mathematician, sold Pure Atria to Rational Software Corporation in 1997 for $700 million in what was then the richest acquisition in Silicon Valley history. Hastings, Randolphs mother and Integrity QA founder Steve Kahn invested $2.5 million in cash for Netflix. Randolph admired the fledgling e-commerce company Amazon and wanted to find a category of portable items to sell over the internet using a similar model. He and Hastings considered and rejected VHS tapes as too expensive to stock and too delicate to ship. When they heard about DVDs, which were available in only a few markets in 1997, when the disc arrived intact, they decided to take on the $16 billion home video sales and rental industry. Netflix introduced the monthly subscription concept in September 1999, and then dropped the model in early 2000. Since that time, the company has built its reputation on the model of flat-fee unlimited rentals without due dates, late fees, shipping and handling fees. In 2000, Netflix offered to be acquired by Blockbuster for $50 million, Netflix initiated an initial public offering on May 29,2002, selling 5.5 million shares of common stock at the price of US$15.00 per share. On June 14,2002, the company sold an additional 825,000 shares of stock at the same price. After incurring substantial losses during its first few years, Netflix posted its first profit during fiscal year 2003, in 2005,35,000 different films were available, and Netflix shipped 1 million DVDs out every day
13.
Grace and Frankie
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Grace and Frankie is an American comedy-drama web television series that originally streamed on Netflix on May 8,2015. The series was created by Marta Kauffman and Howard J. Sam Waterston, Martin Sheen, Brooklyn Decker, Ethan Embry, June Diane Raphael, on May 26,2015, Netflix renewed the series for a second season which premiered on May 6,2016. On December 10,2016, Netflix renewed the series for a season which premiered on March 24,2017. The series follows Grace, a retired cosmetics mogul, and Frankie, Grace and Frankies lives are turned upside down when Robert and Sol announce that they are in love with each other and are leaving their wives. Now, the women, who have never liked each other, are forced to live together. Mary Kay Place as Amanda, one of Frankie and Sols oldest friends, joe Morton as Jason, one of Frankie and Sols oldest friends. Christine Lahti as Lydia Foster, Roberts sister and a friend of Grace. Timothy V. Murphy as Byron, one of Frankies ex-convict students, corbin Bernsen as Dr. Paul Mason, Graces doctor and her love interest. Craig T. Nelson as Guy, Roberts adventurous college friend, nicholas DAgosto as Dutch, Briannas love interest. Ernie Hudson as Jacob, Frankies love interest, Peter Cambor as Barry, Briannas love interest. Tim Bagley as Peter, one of Robert and Sols friends, michael Gross as Jeff, one of Robert and Sols friends. Rita Moreno as Lucy, Robert and Sols neighbor, jai Rodriguez as Jojo, Roberts hospital nurse. Conchata Ferrell as Grandma Jean, Mallorys mother in law, Sam Elliott as Phil Milstein, Graces love interest. Swoosie Kurtz as Janet, one of Graces close friends, marsha Mason as Arlene, one of Graces close friends. Brian Benben as Charlie, Graces Internet date, carrie Preston as Krystle, Coyotes birth mother. Estelle Parsons as Babe, an old friend of both Grace and Frankie, amy Madigan as Elaine Milstein, Phils wife. Millicent Martin as Joan Margaret, Sols very wise receptionist, Peter Gallagher as the head of OmniTech Ed Begley Jr. Casting announcements began in June 2014, with Martin Sheen cast in the role of Robert, the following month, Sam Waterston was cast in the role of Sol, Frankies husband
14.
Robert Altman
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Robert Bernard Altman was an American film director, screenwriter, and film producer. He is consistently ranked as one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers in American cinema and his style of filmmaking was unique among directors, in that his subjects covered most genres, but with a subversive twist that typically relies on satire and humor to express his personal vision. Altman developed a reputation for being anti-Hollywood and non-conformist in both his themes and directing style, however, actors especially enjoyed working under his direction because he encouraged them to improvise, thereby inspiring their own creativity. He preferred large ensemble casts for his films, and developed a recording technique which produced overlapping dialogue from multiple actors. This produced a natural, more dynamic, and more complex experience for the viewer. He also used highly mobile camera work and zoom lenses to enhance the activity taking place on the screen, critic Pauline Kael, writing about his directing style, said that Altman could make film fireworks out of next to nothing. In 2006, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences recognized Altmans body of work with an Academy Honorary Award and he never won a competitive Oscar despite five nominations. His films MASH, McCabe & Mrs. Miller, and Nashville have been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. Altman is one of the few filmmakers whose films have won the Golden Bear at Berlin, the Golden Lion at Venice, and the Golden Palm at Cannes. Altmans ancestry was German, English and Irish, his grandfather, Frank Altman. Altman had a Catholic upbringing, but he did not continue to follow or practice the religion as an adult, although he has referred to as a sort of Catholic. He was educated at Jesuit schools, including Rockhurst High School and he graduated from Wentworth Military Academy in Lexington, Missouri in 1943. In 1943 Altman joined the United States Army Air Forces at the age of 18, during World War II, Altman flew more than 50 bombing missions as a crewman on a B-24 Liberator with the 307th Bomb Group in Borneo and the Dutch East Indies. Upon his discharge in 1946, Altman moved to California and he worked in publicity for a company that had invented a tattooing machine to identify dogs. He entered filmmaking on a whim, selling a script to RKO for the 1948 picture Bodyguard, Altmans immediate success encouraged him to move to New York City, where he attempted to forge a career as a writer. Having enjoyed little success, in 1949 he returned to Kansas City, in February 2012, an early Calvin film directed by Altman, Modern Football, was found by filmmaker Gary Huggins. Altman directed some 65 industrial films and documentaries before being hired by a businessman in 1956 to write. The film, titled The Delinquents, made for $60,000, was purchased by United Artists for $150,000, while primitive, this teen exploitation film contained the foundations of Altmans later work in its use of casual, naturalistic dialogue
15.
Nashville (film)
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Nashville is a 1975 American satirical musical comedy-drama film directed by Robert Altman. The film takes a snapshot of people involved in the music and gospel music businesses in Nashville. Nashville is often noted for its scope, with critics viewing it as a sort of mosaic. The work contains 24 main characters, an hour of musical numbers, Nicholls, Dave Peel, Cristina Raines, Bert Remsen, Lily Tomlin, Gwen Welles, and Keenan Wynn. Nashville opened to positive reviews and won numerous awards. It is considered Altmans masterpiece, and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry in 1992, the overarching plot takes place over five days leading up to a political rally for Replacement Party candidate Hal Phillip Walker, who is never seen throughout the entire movie. The story follows 24 characters roaming around Nashville, in search of some sort of goal through their own story arcs, an Englishwoman named Opal who claims to be working on a documentary for the BBC appears in the studio but is told to leave by Haven. Down the hall from Havens session is Linnea Reese, a gospel singer recording a song with a black choir. Also present are Pfc. Glenn Kelly and the folk trio Bill, Mary. Bill and Mary are married, but largely unhappy, partly due to the fact that Mary is in love with womanizing Tom, however, Martha repeatedly puts off visiting her aunt in favor of chasing after male musicians. Working at the restaurant are African-American cook Wade Cooley, and his pretty waitress friend, Sueleen Gay. After greeting the crowds on the tarmac, Barbara Jean faints due to the heat, Barbara Jeans appearance having been cut short, those in attendance depart the airport and wind up stranded on the highway after a pile-up occurs. During the commotion, Winifred, a country singer, runs away from her husband, Star. Star gives a ride to Kenny Frasier, who has just arrived in town carrying a violin case, Opal takes advantage of the traffic jam to interview first Linnea and then Tommy Brown, an African-American country singer who is performing at the Opry. Tommy and his entourage go to Lady Pearls club but Wade, Linneas husband, Del Reese is working with political organizer, John Triplette to plan a small fundraiser and a large outdoor concert gala for the Walker campaign. Winifred shows up at Trouts club trying to recruit musicians to record a demo with her, Del invites Triplette for family dinner with Linnea and their two deaf children. Linnea and Del are having problems and she focuses on the children rather than on him. In the middle of dinner, Tom calls trying to make a date with Linnea, Pfc. Kelly sneaks into Barbara Jeans hospital room and sits in the chair by her bed all night, watching her sleep
16.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
17.
The Late Show (film)
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The Late Show is a 1977 American neo-noir mystery film written and directed by Robert Benton and produced by Robert Altman. It stars Art Carney, Lily Tomlin, Bill Macy, Eugene Roche, a drama with a few comic moments, the story follows an aging detective trying to solve the case of his partner’s murder while dealing with a flamboyant new client. Benton was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1977, a financially strained, aging Los Angeles private detective named Ira Wells isnt a well man and is barely active in the business. He is a loner who doesnt much care for company or small talk, when his ex-partner Harry Regan, however, shows up at Iras boarding house one night mortally wounded while on a case, Ira feels its up to him to get to the bottom of it. The trail leads Ira to a fence named Birdwell, whose young bodyguard Lamar is only too happy to rough up the old man when Ira pays a call. But they make a mistake in intimidating and underestimating Ira, who ends up paying Lamar back in kind as well as tracking down Birdwells missing wife, meanwhile, a would-be client named Margo Sperling is introduced to Ira by a mutual acquaintance, Charlie Hatter, a tipster. Margo is an individual who acts as an agent for a singer, sells marijuana on the side and wants to hire Ira to find not a murderer. As they get to each other after a rocky start, Ira. But first they need to deal with a confrontation in Margos apartment. While Benton had co-authored screenplays for films, he was the sole author for The Late Show. Production began in spring of 1976 and wrapped in November, lou Lombardo, who had a long relationship with Altman and edited several of Altmans films in the 1970s, edited along with Peter Appleton. Ruth Nelson, playing the landlady Mrs. Schmidt, was a founder of the Group Theatre and it was her first film role since Arch of Triumph in 1948. The Late Show got extremely positive reviews when it was released in 1977. The Late Show is fast and exciting, but it isnt a thriller and its a one-of-a-kind movie—a love-hate poem to sleaziness. The Late Show has a 100% rating at Rotten Tomatoes based on 13 reviews, the film received many award nominations, several for Bentons screenplay. Carneys performance won him the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor, tomlins performance was nominated for the BAFTA Award and the Golden Globe Award, and she won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 27th Berlin International Film Festival. The film was nominated for the Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival, Bentons screenplay was nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award and for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. Benton won the award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay at the Edgar Awards, the film was the inspiration for a short-lived US television series, Eye to Eye
18.
Berlin Film Festival Award for Best Actress
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The Silver Bear for Best Actress is the Berlin International Film Festivals award for achievement in performance by an actress. It is selected by the jury of the festival for films in the competition slate. The award was first presented in 1956, and can be for lead or supporting roles, the award was not presented in 1969,1970,1973, and 1974. Sachiko Hidari won the award for two films in the 1964 competition, in 2011 the award was given to the entire female cast of A Separation. Shirley MacLaine is the actress that has won the award more than once. ‡ - indicates the performance was nominated for an Academy Award Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress Volpi Cup for Best Actress Berlinale website Berlin Film Festival at IMDb
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Berlin International Film Festival
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The Berlin International Film Festival, also called the Berlinale, is one of the worlds leading film festivals and most reputable media events. It is held annually in Berlin, Germany, founded in West Berlin in 1951, the festival has been celebrated annually in February since 1978. With around 300,000 tickets sold and 500,000 admissions it is considered the largest publicly attended film festival based on actual attendance rates. Up to 400 films are shown in sections, representing a comprehensive array of the cinematic world. Around twenty films compete for the called the Golden and Silver Bears. Since 2001 the director of the festival has been Dieter Kosslick, the European Film Market, a film trade fair held simultaneously to the Berlinale, is a major industry meeting for the international film circuit. The trade fair serves distributors, film buyers, producers, financiers, the Berlinale Talent Campus, a week-long series of lectures and workshops, gathers young filmmakers from around the globe. It partners with the festival itself and is considered to be a forum for upcoming artists, the festival, the EFM and other satellite events are attended by around 20,000 professionals from over 130 countries. More than 4200 journalists are responsible for the exposure in over 110 countries. At high-profile feature film premieres, movie stars and celebrities are present at the red carpet, the Berlinale has established a cosmopolitan character integrating art, glamour, commerce and a global media attention. The Berlin International Film Festival was founded in West Berlin in 1951, alfred Hitchcock’s Rebecca opened the first Berlinale. Although the film had premiered in 1940, many Germans had been unable to watch it until after the war ended, since 1978 the festival has been celebrated annually in February. The next-to-most recent festival, the 66th Berlinale, was held from 11 February to 21 February 2016, meryl Streep presided over the international jury. Joel and Ethan Coens film Hail, Caesar. was selected to open the festival, the Golden Bear was awarded to the Italian documentary Fire at Sea, directed by Gianfranco Rosi. The 67th Berlin International Film Festival was held February 9 to February 19,2017, the festival is composed of seven different film sections. Films are chosen in each category by a director with the advice of a committee of film experts. Categories include, Competition, comprises feature-length films yet to be released outside their country of origin, films in the Competition section compete for several prizes, including the top Golden Bear for the best film and a series of Silver Bears for acting, writing and production. Panorama, comprises new independent and arthouse films that deal with controversial subjects or unconventional aesthetic styles, films in the category are intended to provoke discussion, and have historically involved themes such as LGBT issues
20.
9 to 5 (film)
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9 to 5 is a 1980 comedy film directed by Colin Higgins, written by Higgins and Patricia Resnick, and starring Jane Fonda, Lily Tomlin, Dolly Parton, and Dabney Coleman. The film concerns three working women living out their fantasies of getting even with, and their overthrow of. The film was a hit, grossing over $3.9 million in its opening weekend in the United States and is the 20th highest-grossing comedy film, as a star vehicle for Parton—already established as a successful singer and songwriter—it launched her permanently into mainstream popular culture. Although a television series of the name based on the film was less successful. 9 to 5 is number 74 on the American Film Institutes 100 Funniest Movies and is rated 82% fresh on Rotten Tomatoes, Judy Bernly is forced to find work after her husband, Dick, runs off with his secretary. Judy finds employment as a secretary at Consolidated Companies, Violet reveals to Judy that Hart is supposedly involved with his buxom secretary, Doralee Rhodes. Hart exploits and mistreats his female subordinates, with backstabbing and sexist remarks, when Violet discovers that a promotion she was hoping to receive was instead given to a man because of sexist hiring practices, she confronts Hart about it, as well as the rumors about Doralee. Violet storms off, stating that she needs a drink, Doralee takes Hart to task over his transgressions, informing him that she keeps a gun in her purse and will turn him from a rooster to a hen with one shot if his sexist behavior continues. She then also leaves, stating that she needs a drink, while there, the beginning of their friendship forms, and they share fantasies of getting revenge on Mr. The following day, a mix-up leads Violet to accidentally spike Harts coffee with rat poison, however, before he can drink the tainted coffee, Hart falls out of his desk chair and hits his head on the credenza desk, which knocks him out cold. On hearing he has rushed to the hospital, Violet, thinking he is sick from the accidental poisoning, rushes to the hospital with Judy. Soon they discover theyve stolen the body, so they smuggle it back into the hospital. Hart turns up alive the morning, much to the shock of Violet, Doralee. During a break in the room, the three speculate on what could have happened, but ultimately decide to consider themselves lucky and simply forget the whole matter. However, Roz, hiding in one of the stalls, overhears them and he confronts Doralee about the hospital incident and demands that she spend the night at his house, or hell have all three of them prosecuted for attempted murder. The three kidnap him and bring him to his Tudor-style mansion, keeping him prisoner in his bedroom while they find a way to blackmail him, the three women discover an embezzlement scheme, and must keep Hart tied up at home while they collect evidence on it. Harts so hated around the office that the person to question his absence is Roz. Meanwhile, as Judy is guarding Mr. Hart, her ex-husband, Dick and she refuses, forcefully throwing him out
21.
All of Me (1984 film)
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All of Me is a 1984 American fantasy comedy film directed by Carl Reiner and starring Steve Martin and Lily Tomlin. This film is based on the unpublished novel Me Two by Edwin Davis, dissatisfied 38-year-old attorney Roger Cobb is dating his boss daughter and is also an aspiring jazz guitarist. A difficult, eccentric millionairess named Edwina Cutwater has been bedridden since childhood, Cutwater hires Roger to make some unusual final arrangements to her will. Having discovered she is dying, Edwina has enlisted the aid of a mystic named Prahka Lasa. She has made an arrangement with Terry Hoskins, a young woman. Edwina wants her own soul placed in Terrys vacated body so that she can finally experience youth and health, Roger is to change Edwinas will so that Terry, her future self, is her sole beneficiary. Roger, unsurprisingly, believes the plan is bananas. Edwina dies at the law office, the soul-transfer works, but the vase temporarily holding her soul falls out the window and hits Roger. Roger ends up with Edwinas soul sharing his body and she has control over the right side of his body and he the left. She causes him to both his girlfriend and his job. Besides being able to hear her thoughts, Roger talks to Edwinas image that appears in mirrors and their relationship gradually warms up, but both of them want Edwina out of his body. Terry, meanwhile, is shocked to learn that the soul-transference really works, Terry tries to prevent Roger from reaching the holy man, but when he does, she refuses to cooperate. When Roger, Prahka and Rogers blind friend Tyrone Wattell sneak into Terrys bedroom and she intends to kill Roger and pass him off as an intruder, but Roger manages to gain the upper hand. The final shot shows Roger and Edwina dancing together, in an interview, Martin described his sense of his character Roger Cobb, This man is not an idiot. He is a person with some brains, hes not naive or a victim of circumstances. Hes an intelligent man who happens to get caught in a disaster, thats a big difference between this role and any other part Ive played. For the first time Im in a story with a beginning, middle and its old-fashioned and solid This movie was like going to school. I learned a lot about structure and character and he stated in Steve Martin, The Magic Years, My mature film career started with All of Me and ends with L. A. Story
22.
Flirting with Disaster (film)
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Flirting with Disaster is a 1996 American black comedy film written and directed by David O. Russell about a young fathers search for his biological parents. The film stars Ben Stiller, Patricia Arquette, Téa Leoni, Mary Tyler Moore, George Segal, Glenn Fitzgerald, Alan Alda and it was screened out of competition in the Special Screenings section at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival. Mel Coplin and his wife, Nancy, live in New York, near Mels neurotic, Jewish, adoptive parents, Ed and Pearl Coplin. Mel and Nancy have just had their first child, and Mel wont decide on a name for their son until he can discover the identity of his biological parents, after an adoption agency employee locates his biological mothers name in a database, Mel decides to meet her personally. Tina, the sexy but highly incompetent adoption agency employee, decides to accompany Mel, Nancy, the trip, of course, does not go as planned, and ends up becoming a tour of the United States. First, Mel is introduced to Valerie, a blond Scandinavian woman with Confederate roots whose twin daughters are at least six inches taller than Mel and they quickly realize that Valerie is not Mels biological mother, and Tina scrambles to get the correct information from the agency database. Meanwhile, Nancy becomes jealous as Tina and Mel begin to flirt, next, the group heads to Battle Creek, Michigan with the hope of meeting the man whose name appears as the person who delivered infant Mel to the adoption agency. The man, Fritz Boudreau, turns out to be a trucker with a violent streak, however, when he discovers that Mel might be his son, he becomes instantly friendly and lets Mel drive his semi-trailer truck, which Mel immediately crashes into a Post Office building. This leads to a run-in with two ATF agents, Tony and Paul, who are gay and in a relationship with each other and it is discovered that Tony and Nancy went to high school together. Charges are dismissed, and Fritz Boudreau tells Mel that he is not Mels father, Tina locates the current address of Mels biological parents, which turns out to be in rural New Mexico. Tony and Paul surprise everyone by deciding to tag along on the trip, while Mel and Tina become close, Nancy finds herself flirting with Tony, who returns the compliment, causing friction. The trip through rural New Mexico is fraught with more problems, at last the whole crowd descends on the front porch of Mels true biological parents, Richard and Mary Schlichting. They are asked to stay the night, while Richard and Mary are more than welcoming, Mels biological brother Lonnie is overly rude and jealous. It is during dinner that Mel discovers that Richard and Mary had to let Mel be adopted because they were in jail for making and distributing LSD in the late 1960s. Not only that, but Richard and Mary continue to manufacture LSD, as apparent when Lonnie, in an attempt to dose Mel with acid at dinner, accidentally doses Paul. In his drugged state Paul tries to arrest Richard and Mary and they attempt to escape and decide to take Mels car, hiding their supply of acid in the trunk. Mels adoptive parents arrive but then change their minds and decide to leave, when they change their minds again and make a blind U-turn, the two families crash. Mels adoptive parents are arrested while his biological parents escape to Mexico, not realizing what has happened Mel recounts the stories from dinner to Nancy and they agree to name the baby Garcia
23.
Tea with Mussolini
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The film begins in 1935 in Florence, Italy, where a group of cultured expatriate English women – called the Scorpioni by the Italians – meet for tea every afternoon. Young Luca is the son of an Italian businessman who shows little interest in his sons upbringing, the boys mother. Mary Wallace, who works as the secretary, steps in to care for him, turning for support to her Scorpioni friends. Together, they teach Luca many lessons about life and especially the arts, one day when the ladies are in a restaurant for afternoon tea, it is vandalised by Fascists, reflecting the increasingly uncertain position of the expatriate community. But the political situation continues to deteriorate and the Scorpioni find their status, lucas father decides that Italys future is with Germany rather than Britain and sends Luca to an Austrian boarding school. Five years later, Luca returns to Florence with the intention of using Elsas trust fund to study art. He finds that most British nationals are fleeing the country, anticipating Mussolinis declaration of war on Great Britain, and that Mary has moved in with Lady Hester and the other English hold-outs. Because the United States is not at war, Elsa and her American compatriot Georgie Rockwell, Elsa uses Luca to deliver forged orders and funds to have the ladies moved from their distressingly barracks-like quarters to an upper class hotel. Believing that Mussolini himself issued the orders, Lady Hester is delighted, however Luca becomes jealous when she forms a romantic alliance with Vittorio, a shrewd Italian lawyer. When the United States enters the war in 1941, Elsa, Elsa falls for Vittorios scheme to embezzle her art collection and money, which would deliver her to the German Gestapo in a phony escape to Switzerland. Luca is aware of the deception but does not tell anyone out of spite against Elsa. Mary learns of it from Elsas art dealer, and scolds Luca and his attitude changes and he gives his trust fund money to members of the Italian resistance movement, which Wilfred has joined. Elsa consents to a plan hatched by Mary, Luca. Before she departs, Elsa tells Luca how she helped his young mother choose to go through with her pregnancy. They are saved when the Germans receive orders to retreat, leaving the women, the city rejoices as the Scots arrive, with Luca now serving as their commanders Italian interpreter. The major has orders to evacuate the Scorpioni but Lady Hester refuses to cooperate, Mary is delighted to see that Luca – now in British uniform – has become the English gentleman his father wished him to become. This film marks his last on-screen appearance, Lady Hester Random is based upon a real resident of Florence whom Zeffirelli knew in his childhood. Zeffirelli mentions her and a couple of ladies of the Scorpioni in his autobiography
24.
I Heart Huckabees
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I ♥ Huckabees is a 2004 American philosophical comedy-drama film directed and produced by David O. Russell, who co-wrote the screenplay with Jeff Baena. A self-named existential comedy, I ♥ Huckabees follows a couple of detectives, as the different investigations cross paths, their rival and nemesis tries to drag their clients into her own views on the meaning of their lives. It also features the debuts of Jonah Hill and Ger Duany. Albert Markovski is a man who heads the local chapter of an environmental group. One of their current projects is an attempt to stop the building of a new Huckabees store, Albert is a rival of Brad Stand, a shallow power executive at Huckabees. Brad infiltrates Open Spaces and charismatically displaces Albert as the leader, Dawn Campbell is Brads live-in girlfriend and the face and voice of Huckabees, she appears in all of the stores commercials. After seeing the same conspicuous stranger three times, Albert contacts two existential detectives, Bernard and Vivian Jaffe, the detectives offer Albert their optimistic brand of existentialism—they name it universal interconnectivity —and spy on him, ostensibly to help him solve the coincidence. Bernard and Vivian introduce Albert to Tommy Corn, an obsessively anti-petroleum firefighter, Tommy is assigned to Albert as his other. Tommy grows dissatisfied with the Jaffes, feeling that they are not helping him and she teaches them to disconnect their inner beings from their daily lives and their problems, to synthesize a non-thinking state of pure being. In order to prove her point, Caterine takes Albert to go and have sex in the woods, Tommy finds out about the two of them being together and feels hurt. Caterine tells him that they found each other all of the human suffering. Tommy rejects this idea and leaves them furious and lost, meanwhile, in Brads further attempts to undercut Albert, he and Dawn meet with and are influenced by Bernard and Vivian. All the storylines collide when Brads house catches fire, while the fire trucks get stuck in a traffic jam, Tommy comes on his bicycle to put out the fire, which incidentally trapped Dawn inside. As he saves her life, the two fall in love, meanwhile, Brad despairs at the destruction of his house, the symbol of his material success. Albert attains a sort of enlightenment when he synthesizes the two opposing outlooks of the Jaffes and Vauban to realize the truth of everything. Brad, meanwhile, is fired from Huckabees, leaving him rudderless, Albert reveals to Brad that he burned Brads jet skis, and the fire spread to the house. Having realized this, he refers Brad to Caterine, hoping she will help him as she did Albert, Albert and Tommy talk later about everything that has happened. As the two talk, Caterine and the Jaffes watch them, concluding that they can close both of their cases, in an interview with the SuicideGirls website, director Russell said in response to the question How do you describe I Heart Huckabees
25.
Grandma (film)
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Grandma is a 2015 American comedy-drama film written, produced, and directed by Paul Weitz. It stars Lily Tomlin as Elle, a poet and widow whose teenage granddaughter visits her to ask for money for an abortion. Over the space of a day, they visit numerous people from Elles past to call in favors in an effort to raise the money, Paul Weitz wrote the script with Tomlin in mind after working with her on the 2013 film Admission. After she agreed to star, they edited the script together, most of the other cast members were actors with whom Weitz had previously collaborated. The film was shot over 19 days in Los Angeles in 2014 with a budget of less than $600,000, the film premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival as the closing night feature and was released on August 21,2015, by Sony Pictures Classics. It grossed $7.1 million at the box office and was received by critics. The film was named among the top ten independent films of 2015 by the National Board of Review, divided over six chapters, the film tells the story of Elle, a lesbian poet coping with the recent death of her long-term life partner. As Elle is broke and Sage has had her credit card confiscated by her overbearing mother, Elle forcefully extorts $50 from the father of the child, and then tries to call in a $400 debt from her friend Deathy, a tattoo artist. Elle tries to sell some of her books to an acquaintance, Carla, who owns a café, but gets into a fight with Olivia. Elle storms out when Carla, who is much more tech-savvy than Elle, gauges the price of the books on eBay and offers her a paltry $60, getting desperate, they visit Elles ex-husband Karl, whom Elle has not seen in decades. Elle tells him she needs to borrow the money for rent and this leads to an argument over how Elle ended their relationship, but when she pleads with him, he agrees to hand over the cash but asks her to be honest about the reason for needing the money. Elle explains that she wanted a child but not a husband, Elle and Sage work up the courage to visit Sages busy single mother, Judy, who is furious to learn Sage is pregnant. Judy reluctantly produces the money and Elle drives Sage to the abortion clinic, after the procedure, Judy forgives Sage and takes her home. On her own way home, Elle giggles and rejoices at memories of her partner Violet, before getting home, she makes a short stop at Olivias house to apologize for saying their relationship meant nothing. The final scene shows Elle walking down the sidewalk, laughing, numerous commentators have labelled Grandma a feminist film. Writer-director Paul Weitz said that he wanted to explore different eras of history through the three generations of Elles family. While Elle was a fighter for equality, he saw Judy as a product of it. He said that Sage, who is ignorant of the feminist movement
26.
The Magic School Bus (TV series)
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The Magic School Bus is a Canadian/American Saturday morning animated childrens television series, based on the book series of the same name by Joanna Cole and Bruce Degen. It is notable for its use of celebrity talent and combining entertainment with an educational series, broadcasting & Cable said the show was among the highest-rated PBS shows for school-age children. On June 10,2014, Scholastic Media announced that it will be releasing an all-new CG animated series which will be inspired by the show as well as retain the same name. In 1994, The Magic School Bus concept was made into a series of the same name by Scholastic Entertainment. The Idea for the show was thought up by Former Scholastic Entertainment Vice President, Scholastic Entertainment president Deborah Forte said that adapting the books into an animated series was an opportunity to help kids learn about science in a fun way. Around that time, Forte had been hearing concerns from parents and teachers about how to improve education for girls. Each episode of the series ran for 30 minutes, in the United States, the series originally aired on PBS as a part of its childrens block, PBS Kids, through South Carolinas SCETV network, it was the first fully animated series to be aired on PBS. The last episode aired on December 6,1997, the then aired reruns on PBS until October 1998. The Fox network, in a hasty effort to fill educational television mandates for its stations, starting September 27,2010, The Magic School Bus started a daily run on Qubo in the US, and on Saturday mornings on NBC. The Fox Kids and Qubo airings both used a version of the opening. Based on information from their website, Qubo no longer carries The Magic School Bus in their programming lineup, the series was widely known in Canada for showing reruns on CBC as part of its childrens block, now known as Kids CBC, from 1999 to 2004. In 2005, Nelvana sold the series to Latin Americas Cartoon Network, when The Magic School Bus was syndicated on commercial networks, the Producer Says segment at the end of each episode was cut out to make space for commercials. The Producer Says segments were seen when the series was shown on non-commercial networks, international networks, VHS. Within the episodes, there were also time points where the episode fades out, on non-commercial networks, VHS, and DVD releases the scene immediately fades back in right after it fades out as no commercials are shown. The shows theme song called Ride on the Magic School Bus was written by Peter Lurye, the show was produced through cel animation and in an audio style reminiscent of Hanna-Barbera cartoons of the 1970s and 1980s. The shows voice director is Susan Blu, two of the writers for the show were Brian Muehl and Jocelyn Stevenson, who also worked on Fraggle Rock. The show was close captioned by the National Captioning Institute when it aired on PBS, tomlin won a Daytime Emmy for her role as Ms. Frizzle. The series was released on VHS by KidVision between 1995 and 2003 and by PBS Home Video between 1998 and 2002, and on DVD by Warner Home Video between 2002 and 2013
27.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
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Grammy Award
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A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
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Comedy album
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A comedy album is an audio recording of comedic material from a comedian or group of comedians, usually performed either live or in a studio. Some of the earliest albums recorded for commercial distribution were comedy albums. For example, various collections of short stories recited by Cal Stewart were released by Edison Records as early as 1898. A number of record labels specialize in the genre, including AST Records, Comedy Central Records, Partee Records. The very first album to win this honor was The Best of the Stan Freberg Shows by Stan Freberg, a variety album including comedy bits
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Given name
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A given name is a part of a persons personal name. It identifies a person, and differentiates that person from other members of a group, such as a family or clan. The term given name refers to the fact that the name usually is bestowed upon a person and this contrasts with a surname, which is normally inherited, and shared with other members of the childs immediate family. Given names are used in a familiar and friendly manner in informal situations. In more formal situations the surname is commonly used, unless it is necessary to distinguish between people with the same surname. The idioms on a basis and being on first-name terms allude to the familiarity of addressing another by a given name. The order given name – family name, commonly known as the Western order, is used throughout most European countries and in countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by Western Europe. The order family name – given name, commonly known as the Eastern order, is used in East Asia, as well as in Southern and North-Eastern parts of India. The order given name - fathers family name - mothers family name is used in Spanish-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. Today the order can also be changed legally in Spain using given name - mothers family name - fathers family name, under the common Western naming convention, people may have one or more forenames. If more than one, there is usually a main forename for everyday use, sometimes however two or more forenames may carry equal weight. There is no particular ordering rule for forenames – often the main forename is at the beginning, a childs given name or names are usually chosen by the parents soon after birth. If a name is not assigned at birth, one may be given at a ceremony, with family. In most jurisdictions, a name at birth is a matter of public record, inscribed on a birth certificate. In western cultures, people normally retain the same name throughout their lives. However, in some cases names may be changed by petitioning a court of law. People may also change their names when immigrating from one country to another with different naming conventions, in France, the agency can refer the case to a local judge. Some jurisdictions, like in Sweden, restrict the spelling of names, parents may choose a name because of its meaning
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Southern Baptist Convention
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The Southern Baptist Convention is a Christian denomination based in the United States. It is the worlds largest Baptist denomination and the largest Protestant body in the United States and this also makes it the second-largest Christian body in the United States, after the Catholic Church. Members at a convention held in Augusta, Georgia, created the SBC in 1845. After the American Civil War, another split occurred when most freedmen set up independent congregations, others joined new African-American denominations, chiefly the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Since the 1940s, the SBC has moved away from some of its regional and historical identification, especially since the late twentieth century, the SBC has sought new members among minority groups and become much more diverse. In addition, while still heavily concentrated in the Southern US and it should be noted that some State convention comprise more than one State - for example the New England Baptist Convention is comprise of the six New England states. North and South Dakota comprise the Dakota Baptist Convention, in addition - Northern New Jersey is part of the Baptist Convention of New York and Southern New Jersey is part of the Baptist Convention of Pennsylvania. At its annual convention in 2012, the SBC elected as president Fred Luter Jr. the first African American to hold the position, an SBC presidential term is for one year, with a term limit of two terms. Each president is elected by Messengers sent by local church at the SBC annual meeting. Since Luter ran unopposed, per the by-laws of the convention, because of the historic nature of the vote, the assembly was asked to rise in support of the vote, which the messengers did enthusiastically. Luter was re-elected president for a term at the 2013 meeting. The current president in 2016 is Steve Gaines, Southern Baptists emphasize the significance of the individual conversion experience which is affirmed by the person having complete immersion in water for a believers baptism. As a result, they reject the practice of infant baptism, SBC churches are evangelical in doctrine and practice. Specific beliefs based on biblical interpretation can vary due to their congregational polity which allows autonomy to each individual local church. Most early Baptists in the British colonies came from England in the 17th century, the oldest Baptist church in the South, First Baptist Church of Charleston, South Carolina, was organized in 1682 under the leadership of William Screven. A Baptist church was formed in Virginia in 1715 through the preaching of Robert Norden, the Baptists operated independently of the state-established Anglican churches in the South, at a time when non-Anglicans were prohibited from holding political office. By 1740, there were about eight Baptist churches in the colonies of Virginia, North Carolina, as a result, black congregations and churches were founded in Virginia, South Carolina, and Georgia before the American Revolution. Some black congregations kept their independence even after whites tried to exercise more authority after the Nat Turner slave rebellion of 1831
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Paducah, Kentucky
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Paducah is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of McCracken County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 24,864 in 2015, down from 25,024 during the 2010 U. S. Census, twenty blocks of the citys downtown have been designated as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Paducah is the hub of its area, which includes McCracken, Ballard and Livingston counties in Kentucky. Paducah was first settled as Pekin by James and William Pore c. 1821, the community – favorably located at the confluence of several waterways – occupied a site previously noted as a Chickasaw trading center. The town was out by William Clark in 1827 and renamed Paducah. Instead, it is probable that Clark named the town for the Comanches, Paducah was formally established as a town in 1830 and incorporated as a city by the state legislature in 1838. By this time, steam boats traversed the river system and its facilities were important to trade. In addition, railroads began to be developed that entered the region, a factory for making red bricks, and a foundry for making rail and locomotive components became the nucleus of a thriving River and Rail economy. It became the site of dry dock facilities for steamboats and towboats, because of its proximity to coalfields further to the east in Kentucky and north in Illinois, Paducah also became an important railway hub for the Illinois Central Railroad. This was the primary north-south railway connecting the cities of Chicago and East St. Louis to the Gulf of Mexico at Gulfport, Mississippi and New Orleans. The Illinois Central system also provided east-west links to the Burlington Northern and the Atchison, Topeka, the Illinois Central Railroad began construction of their largest locomotive workshop at Paducah in 1924. Over a period of 190 days, a ravine between Washington and Jones Streets was filled with 44,560 carloads of dirt to enlarge the site to include 23 buildings. The eleven million dollar project was completed in 1927 as the fourth largest industrial plant in Kentucky and it became the largest employer in Paducah with 1,075 employees in 1938. The shops became part of the Paducah and Louisville Railway in 1986, at the outset of the Civil War, Kentucky attempted to take a neutral position. However, when a Confederate force occupied Columbus, a Union force under General Ulysses S. Grant responded by occupying Paducah. Throughout most of the war, Col. Stephen G. Hicks was in charge of Paducah, on December 17,1862, under the terms of General Order No. 11, US forces required thirty Jewish families to leave their long-established homes, Grant was trying to break up a black market in cotton, in which he suspected Jewish traders were involved. Cesar Kaskel, a prominent local Jewish businessman, dispatched a telegram of complaint to Pres, lincoln and met with him, together with similar actions by other Jewish businessmen and loud complaints by Congress, he succeeded in seeing the order revoked within a few weeks
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Great Depression
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The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place during the 1930s. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, in most countries it started in 1929 and it was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the economy can decline. The depression originated in the United States, after a fall in stock prices that began around September 4,1929. Between 1929 and 1932, worldwide GDP fell by an estimated 15%, by comparison, worldwide GDP fell by less than 1% from 2008 to 2009 during the Great Recession. Some economies started to recover by the mid-1930s, however, in many countries, the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until the beginning of World War II. The Great Depression had devastating effects in both rich and poor. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%, unemployment in the U. S. rose to 25% and in some countries rose as high as 33%. Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially dependent on heavy industry. Construction was virtually halted in many countries, farming communities and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by about 60%. Facing plummeting demand with few sources of jobs, areas dependent on primary sector industries such as mining and logging suffered the most. Even after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 optimism persisted for some time, john D. Rockefeller said These are days when many are discouraged. In the 93 years of my life, depressions have come, prosperity has always returned and will again. The stock market turned upward in early 1930, returning to early 1929 levels by April and this was still almost 30% below the peak of September 1929. Together, government and business spent more in the first half of 1930 than in the period of the previous year. On the other hand, consumers, many of whom had suffered losses in the stock market the previous year. In addition, beginning in the mid-1930s, a severe drought ravaged the agricultural heartland of the U. S, by mid-1930, interest rates had dropped to low levels, but expected deflation and the continuing reluctance of people to borrow meant that consumer spending and investment were depressed. By May 1930, automobile sales had declined to below the levels of 1928, prices in general began to decline, although wages held steady in 1930
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Cass Technical High School
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Cass Technical High School, commonly referred to as Cass Tech, is a four-year university preparatory high school in Midtown Detroit, United States. The school is named in honor of Lewis Cass, an American military officer, the school is a part of Detroit Public Schools. Until 1977, Cass was Detroits only magnet school and the only non-neighborhood enrollment school in Detroit, today, Cass is one of few magnet schools in Detroit. Entrance to Cass is based on test scores and middle school grades, students are required to choose a curriculum path—roughly equivalent to a college major—in the ninth grade. Areas of study include, but are not limited to, arts and communication, business management and marketing, engineering and manufacturing, human services, the school was founded on the third floor of the old Cass Union School in 1907. Its historic landmark building on Second Avenue in downtown Detroit was built in 1917, to the south of it an addition designed by Albert Kahn was built in 1985. The new, modern facilities of the school were built in 2004 in an adjacent lot to the north of the building on Grand River Avenue. In 2007 there was a fire in the old structure. Complete demolition of the vacant Cass Tech building began in June 2011 and was finished by November, pictures of the old historic structures, both from the outside and the abandoned inside floors and classes, can be seen here. In addition, a 3D floor-by-floor interactive map of the old building is here as well. Following the fire in the old structure, it was demolished and removed by Homrich Demolition, at time of demolition, the school building was approximately 830,000 square feet and weighed more than 100,000 short tons. Over 90% of the material in the building was recycled for other uses or as backfill, in 2008 some classes that were not very popular with students were removed due to reduction in teacher staffing due to declining enrollment. Based on current enrollment information, there are approximately 2,086 students that attend Cass Technical High School, there are 624 students in the ninth grade,537 students in the tenth grade,466 in the eleventh grade, and 459 in the twelfth grade. Of the 2,086 students, there are 1,269 girls and 817 boys, Cass Technical High Schools average ACT score is 21, which is four points higher than the average for Detroit public high schools. Cass offers eleven advanced placement courses including language composition, history, chemistry, calculus, students are required to maintain a 2.5 grade point average on a scale of 4.0 in order to retain enrollment. Cass Tech students strong academic performances draw recruiters from across the country, in 1984 Cass Tech was honored by the US Department of Education among 262 schools that should shine as inspirational model for others that included public and private schools. In 2006 Cass represented DPS at the National Academic Games Olympics, many highly noteworthy performers in jazz, rhythm and blues, rock and hip-hop idioms have graduated from Cass Technical High School. Over the years, the choirs have produced two CDs and are now working on their third, Cass Tech is the only school in the city of Detroit with a Harp and Vocal Ensemble
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Wayne State University
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Wayne State University is an American public research university located in the Midtown Cultural Center Historic District of Detroit, Michigan. Founded in 1868, WSU consists of 13 schools and colleges offering more than 380 programs to nearly 28,000 graduate and undergraduate students and it is currently Michigans third-largest university and one of the 100 largest universities in the United States. The WSU main campus encompasses 203 acres linking more than 100 education and it also has six extension centers in the metro Detroit area providing access to a limited selection of courses. The first component of the modern Wayne State University was established in 1868 as the Detroit Medical College, in 1881, the Detroit Normal Training School was established, now known as the College of Education. Old Main Hall was built in 1896 as Central High School and those classes evolved into the Detroit Junior College in 1917, the Colleges of the City of Detroit in 1923 and now WSUs College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. With Mackenzie at the helm, Detroit Junior College grew to become the third-largest institution of learning in Michigan. The college was granted four-year degree status in 1923, becoming the College of the City of Detroit, Mackenzie continued as dean until his death in 1926. In 1920, the Merrill-Palmer Institute for Child Development was founded and it is now known as the Merrill-Palmer Skillman Institute. In 1927, the Detroit Board of Education dedicated its newest high school to the memory of Mackenzie, the three-story structure stood on the citys west side at 9275 Wyoming Avenue, Mackenzie High School closed its doors in June 2007 and was demolished in 2012. A new pre-kingergarten-to-eighth-grade Mackenzie School opened near the school site in 2012. In 1933, the Detroit Board of Education organized the six colleges it ran — liberal arts, medical, education, pharmacy, engineering, in January 1934, that institution was officially named Wayne University, taking its name from the county in which it is located. Wayne University continued to grow, adding its Law School in 1927, its School of Social Work in 1935, Wayne University was renamed Wayne State University in 1956 and the institution became a constitutionally established university by a popularly adopted amendment to the Michigan Constitution in 1959. The Wayne State University Board of Governors created the Institute of Gerontology in 1965 in response to a State of Michigan mandate, the primary mission in that era was to engage in research, education and service in the field of aging. The university libraries have grown to seven, including desks at the universitys extension centers in Oakland. More than 500 researchers, staff and principal investigators work out of the building, on June 5,2013, the Board of Governors unanimously elected M. Roy Wilson as Wayne States 12th president. He was sworn in on August 1,2013, in 2015, WSU bestowed its first posthumous honorary doctorate degree on Viola Liuzzo. In 2015, the School of Business administration was renamed the Mike Ilitch School of Business, the name was changed in recognition of a $40 million grant from Mike and Marian Ilitch. In gift will go toward building a new, state-of-the-art business school facility in Detroit, Wayne States campus is located in the heart of Detroits Cultural Center Historic District, home of renowned museums, galleries and theatres
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HB Studio
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The HB Studio is a school offering professional training in the performing arts. Select classes require an audition for admission, in 1948, Uta Hagen joined the Studio as Berghofs artistic partner, and the two wed ten years later. Her master classes led to the writing of her books Respect for Acting, in 2010, HB Studio founded the Hagen Institute, which offers full-time immersion in the practical approach to acting craft that characterized Uta Hagens master classes and classic acting texts. Its two key programs, The Hagen Summer Intensive and The Hagen Core Training, are structured, integrated courses for students with serious professional. Notable alumni include Christopher Abbott, F.10 by Andrew Gans, Playbill, November 5,2008
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Rita Hayworth
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Rita Hayworth was an American actress and dancer. She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the top stars. The press coined the term love goddess to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s and she was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II. Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, Gilda, opposite Glenn Ford, Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner. Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical Cover Girl, with Gene Kelly and she is listed as one of the top-25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institutes survey, AFIs 100 Years.100 Stars. In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimers disease, which contributed to her death at age 68, the public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimers, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimers research. Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino and her father, Eduardo Cansino, Sr. was from Castilleja de la Cuesta, a little town near Seville, Spain. Her mother, Volga Hayworth, was an American of Irish-English descent who had performed with the Ziegfeld Follies and they also had two sons, Eduardo Cansino, Jr. and Vernon Cansino. Margaritas father wanted her to become a dancer, while her mother hoped she would become an actress. Her paternal grandfather, Antonio Cansino, was renowned as a Spanish classical dancer and he popularized the bolero, and his dancing school in Madrid was world-famous. Hayworth later recalled, From the time I was three and a half … as soon as I could stand on my own feet, I was given dance lessons. She noted I didnt like it very much … but I didnt have the courage to tell my father, rehearse, rehearse, rehearse, that was my girlhood. She attended dance classes every day for a few years in a Carnegie Hall complex and she performed publicly from the age of six. In 1926 at the age of eight, she was featured in La Fiesta, in 1927, her father took the family to Hollywood. He believed that dancing could be featured in the movies and that his family could be part of it and he established his own dance studio, where he taught such stars as James Cagney and Jean Harlow. During the Great Depression, he lost all his investments as commercial interest in his dancing classes waned, in 1931, Eduardo Cansino partnered with his 12-year-old daughter to form an act called the Dancing Cansinos. Since under California law Margarita was too young to work in nightclubs and bars, her father took her with him to work across the border in Tijuana, in the early 1930s, it was a popular tourist spot for people from Los Angeles. Because she was working, Cansino never graduated high school
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American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
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