Limnology is the study of inland aquatic ecosystems.
The study of limnology includes aspects of the biological, chemical, physical, and geological characteristics of fresh and saline, natural and man-made bodies of water. This includes the study of lakes, reservoirs, ponds, rivers, springs, streams, wetlands, and groundwater. Water systems are often categorized as either running (lotic) or standing (lentic).
Lake Hawea, New Zealand
Lake George, New York, United States, an oligotrophic lake
An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem found in and around a body of water, in contrast to land-based terrestrial ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems contain communities of organisms—aquatic life—that are dependent on each other and on their environment. The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater ecosystems may be lentic ; lotic ; and wetlands.
An estuary mouth and marine coastal waters, part of an aquatic ecosystem
Coral reefs form complex marine ecosystems with tremendous biodiversity.
Freshwater ecosystem
This stream operating together with its environment can be thought of as forming a river ecosystem.