Lithuanian Armed Forces

Lithuanian Armed Forces
Lietuvos ginkluotosios pajėgos
Insignia of the Lithuanian Armed Forces
Flag of the Lithuanian Armed Forces
Founded	23 November 1918
Current form	25 April 1990
Service branches	Air Force Land Force Naval Force Special Operations Force Volunteer Forces
Headquarters	Vilnius
Leadership
Commander-in-Chief	President Dalia Grybauskaitė
Minister of National Defence	Raimundas Karoblis
Chief of Defence	Lt. General Jonas Vytautas Žukas
Manpower
Military age	18–55
Conscription	9 months
Available for military service	890,074 males, age 16–49 (2016 est.), 875,780 females, age 16–49 (2016 est.)
Fit for military service	669,111 males, age 16–49 (2016 est.), 724,803 females, age 16–49 (2016 est.)
Reaching military age annually	20,425 males (2016 est.), 19,527 females (2016 est.)
Active personnel	18,750 [1]
Expenditures
Budget	€953 - €973 million($1.083 - 1.106 billion) (2019)[2]
Percent of GDP	2.06% (2018)
Industry
Foreign suppliers	United States  Denmark  Finland  Germany  Italy  Norway  Poland  Sweden  United Kingdom  Israel  France
Related articles
History	1918–19 Lithuanian-Soviet War 1944–45 World War II 1944–53 Lithuanian partisans 1994 Bosnian War 2001–Present 2001 war in Afghanistan 2003–Present Invasion of Iraq 2004–Present Kosovo Force 2013–Present EUTM Mali 2013–Present Operation Atalanta 2014 Operation Sangaris 2015–present EU Navfor Med 2017–present MINUSMA
Ranks	Lithuanian military ranks

The Lithuanian Armed Forces consist of 20,565 active personnel.^[3] Conscription was ended in September 2008^[4] but was reintroduced in 2015 because of concerns about the geopolitical environment in light of Russia's military intervention in Ukraine.^[5]

Lithuania's defence system is based on the concept of "total and unconditional defence" mandated by Lithuania's National Security Strategy. The goal of Lithuania's defence policy is to prepare their society for general defence and to integrate Lithuania into Western security and defence structures. The defence ministry is responsible for combat forces, search and rescue, and intelligence operations.^[6]

The 4,800 border guards fall under the Interior Ministry's supervision and are responsible for border protection, passport and customs duties, and share responsibility with the navy for smuggling / drug trafficking interdiction. A special security department handles VIP protection and communications security.

Conscription[edit]

Lithuania abolished its conscription in 2008.^[7] In May 2015 the Lithuanian parliament voted to return the conscription and the conscripts started their training in August 2015.^[8]

Structure[edit]

The Lithuanian Armed Forces consist of the Lithuanian Land Force, Lithuanian Air Force, Lithuanian Naval Force, Lithuanian Special Operations Force and other units: Logistics Command, Training and Doctrine Command, Headquarters Battalion, Military Police. Directly subordinated to the Chief of Defence are the Special Operations Forces and Military Police. The Reserve Forces are under command of the Lithuanian National Defence Volunteer Forces.

Lithuanian Land Force[edit]

The core of the Lithuanian Land Force structure is the Iron Wolf Mechanised Infantry Brigade (MIB "Iron Wolf") consisting of three mechanized infantry battalions (Grand Duke Kestutis mechanized, Lithuanian Grand Duke Algirdas mechanized and Grand Duke Vaidotas mechanized battalions) and artillery battalion. Other units include King Mindaugas Hussar Battalion, Grand Duchess Birute Uhlan Battalion, Grand Duke Butigeidis Dragoon Battalion, Juozas Vitkus Engineer Battalion and Juozas Luksa Land Force Training Center.

The Lithuanian Land forces are undertaking a major modernization. New weapons and heavier armour are going to be acquired. In 2007 the Land forces bought the German Heckler & Koch G36 rifle to replace the older Swedish Ak-4 as main weapon. There are plans to buy new Infantry fighting vehicles. Lithuania is determined to restructure the armed forces so that from the end of 2014, one tenth of the Land Forces could at any given time be deployed for international operations, while half of the Land Forces would be prepared to be deployed outside Lithuania's borders.

The volunteers have already successfully participated in international operations in the Balkans, Afghanistan and Iraq. The NDVF consists of six territorial units.

Lithuanian Air Force[edit]

The Lithuanian Air Force (LAF) is an integral part of the Lithuanian Armed Forces. The LAF is formed from professional military servicemen and non-military personnel. Units are located at various bases across Lithuania:

• Kaunas (Headquarters and the Airspace Surveillance and Control Command);
• Karmėlava (Air Space Control Centre);
• Nemirseta (providing basing for sea search and rescue detachment);
• Šiauliai (LAF Air Base, Air Force Armament and Equipment Repair Depot);
• Radviliškis (Air Defence Battalion).^[9]

The initial formation of the LAF was the 2nd transport squadron with the transfer of 20 An-2 aircraft from civilian to military use, with initial basing at the Barushai air base on 27 April 1992. These were joined by four L-39C Albatros aircraft purchased from Kazakhstan as part of the intended 16 to be used by the 1st fighter (training) squadron.

Mil Mi-8 helicopters were modernised by LAF (extended fuel tanks and avionics). In 2008 2 medium-range radars were acquired for the Air Forces Airspace Surveillance and Control Command.

Air space is patrolled by jet fighters from other NATO members, which are based out of the city Šiauliai (Zokniai Airport, known as the Aviation base) (see Baltic Air Policing). The European Union's External border (with Kaliningrad and Belarus) is patrolled by Aviation Unit of the Lithuanian State Border Guard Service which received new helicopters EC-120, EC-135 and EC-145.

Lithuanian Navy[edit]

The Navy has over 600 personnel. The Navy consists of the Warship Flotilla, the Sea Coastal Surveillance System, the Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Divers Team, the Naval Logistic Service, Training Center and Maritime Rescue Coordination Center. The flotilla is the core component of the Navy, and consists of the Mine Countermeasures Squadron, the Patrol Ships Squadron, and the Harbour Boats Group.^[10] The current Commander in Chief of the Lithuanian Navy is Rear Admiral Kęstutis Macijauskas. The Naval base and Headquarters are located in the city of Klaipėda.^[11] The Navy uses patrol ships for coastal surveillance.

The four newly acquired Flyvefisken class patrol vessels replaced the older Storm class patrol boats and Grisha class corvettes.

Special Operations Force[edit]

Lithuanian Special Operations Force (SOF) of Lithuanian Armed Forces has been in operation de facto since 2002 and it was established de jure on 3 April 2008, when amendments of National Defence System organisation and military service law came into force.^[12] SOF is formed from the Special Operations Unit.^[13]

SOF are responsible for the following tasks: special reconnaissance, direct actions, and military support. It is also in charge of other tasks, e.g., protection of VIP in peacetime. The core of the SOF is based on the Special Purpose Service, Vytautas the Great Jaeger Battalion and Combat Divers Service (CDS). Lithuanian Air Force Special Operations Element is subordinate to the Unit at the level of operations management.Structure of the SOF is flexible which makes it easy to form squadrons intended for concrete operations and missions from its elements. The SOF can be called upon inside the territory of Lithuania when law enforcement agencies lack or do not have necessary capabilities to react to terrorist attacks. Capabilities of special forces makes them the main national response force responsible for counter-terrorism operations and operations to prevent violations of sovereignty.^[13]

SOF Squadron "Aitvaras" was deployed to Afghanistan on the operation "Enduring Freedom". From 2005 to 2006 SOF squadrons were on standby in NATO Response Force.^[13]

International cooperation[edit]

Lithuania and NATO[edit]

Soon after restoration of independence, Lithuania applied for NATO membership in January 1994. Together with another six Central and Eastern European countries, Lithuania was invited to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in the 2002 Prague summit and became a member of the Alliance in March 2004. Lithuania entered NATO on full-fledged rights immediately after the procedures of joining the North Atlantic Treaty were completed and acquired rights to participate in the political decision-making process of the Alliance. Integration into the military structures of NATO became a long-term task of Lithuanian Armed Forces. Mechanised Infantry Brigade "Iron Wolf" was affiliated to the Danish Division on the basis of agreements signed by Denmark and Lithuania in August 2006. Lithuanian Armed Forces started to boost ability of the Brigade to cooperate with the forces of other NATO members. As Lithuania and the other Baltic states do not have capabilities to secure their airspace, fighter jets of NATO members were deployed in Zokniai airport near the city Šiauliai to provide cover for the Baltic states airspace as soon as Lithuania acquired membership in the Alliance.^[14]

Lithuania also cooperates with the two other Baltic states – Latvia and Estonia in several trilateral Baltic defence co-operation initiatives:

• Baltic Battalion (BALTBAT) – infantry battalion for participation in international peace support operations, headquartered near Riga, Latvia;
• Baltic Naval Squadron (BALTRON) – naval force with mine countermeasures capabilities, headquartered near Tallinn, Estonia;
• Baltic Air Surveillance Network (BALTNET) – air surveillance information system, headquartered near Kaunas, Lithuania;
• Joint military educational institutions: Baltic Defence College (BALTDEFCOL) in Tartu, Estonia, Baltic Diving Training Centre in Liepāja, Latvia and Baltic Naval Communications Training Centre in Tallinn, Estonia.^[15]

In January 2011, the Baltic states were invited to join NORDEFCO, the defence framework of the Nordic countries.^[16] In November 2012, the three countries agreed to create a joint military staff in 2013.^[17] Future co-operation will include sharing of national infrastructures for training purposes and specialisation of training areas (BALTTRAIN) and collective formation of battalion-sized contingents for use in the NATO rapid-response force.^[18]

Foreign missions and operations[edit]

Lithuanian soldiers take part in the international operations since 1993. Since the summer of 2005 Lithuania has been part of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan (ISAF), leading a Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) in the town of Chaghcharan in the province of Ghor. The PRT includes personnel from Denmark, Iceland and US. There are also special operation forces units in Afghanistan. They are placed in Kandahar province.

Since joining international operations in 1993 Lithuania has lost two soldiers. 1st Lt. Normundas Valteris fell in Bosnia (17 April 1996), Sgt. Arūnas Jarmalavičius in Afghanistan (22 May 2008).^[19]

Current operations[edit]

Deployment	Organization	Operation	Personnel[20]
Somalia	EU	Operation Atalanta	15
Mali	EU	EUTM Mali	2
Afghanistan	NATO	Operation Resolute Support	29
Libya	EU	EU Navfor Med	3
Mali	UN	MINUSMA	39
Iraq	CJTF	Operation Inherent Resolve	6
Central African Republic	EU	EUFOR RCA	1
Kosovo	NATO	KFOR	1
Ukraine		Training mission	40

List of military equipment[edit]

Scandals[edit]

Lithuanian military has been involved in multiple scandals, which mainly concerned purchases at heavily inflated prices.^[21][22][23] In some cases, Lithuanian military bought supplies at 8 times the market price.^[24][25]

Ranks[edit]

See also[edit]

• Equipment of the Lithuanian Land Force
• Baltic Air Policing

References[edit]

As of this edit, this article uses content from "Lithuanian Armed Forces", authored by Ministry of National Defence Republic of Lithuania, which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed.

Further reading[edit]

• The Military Strategy of the Republic of Lithuania
• Stefan Marx, 'Lithuania's Defence Structure,' Jane's Intelligence Review, September 1993, p. 407–409

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Military of Lithuania.

• Official Ministry of National Defence Republic of Lithuania website
• Official Lithuanian Armed Forces website
• Official Joint Headquarters of Lithuanian Armed Forces website
• Official YouTube channel of Lithuanian Armed Forces
• Official NATO Energy Security Center of Excellence website
• Official General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania website