1.
Hole (band)
–
Hole was an American alternative rock band that formed in Los Angeles, California in 1989 by singer and guitarist Courtney Love and lead guitarist Eric Erlandson. The band had a revolving line-up of bassists and drummers, their most prolific being drummer Patty Schemel, influenced by Los Angeles punk rock scene, the band garnered critical acclaim for their frenetic debut album, Pretty on the Inside, produced by Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth. After signing with DGC Records, the sought to refine their sound on their second album, Live Through This. The album was acclaimed and reached platinum status within a year of its release. Their third album, Celebrity Skin, which garnered them four Grammy nominations, marked a departure from their earlier punk influences, boasting a more commercially viable. In 2002 the group disbanded to pursue other projects, eight years later in 2010, Hole was reformed by Love with new members, despite Erlandsons claim that the reformation breached a mutual contract he had with Love. The reformed band released the album Nobodys Daughter, which had originally conceived as Loves second solo album. In 2013, Love retired the Hole name, releasing new material, Hole formed after Eric Erlandson responded to an advertisement placed by Courtney Love in Recycler in the summer of 1989. The advertisement simply read, I want to start a band and my influences are Big Black, Sonic Youth, and Fleetwood Mac. She called me up and talked my ear off, said Erlandson and we met at this coffee shop, and I saw her and I thought Oh, God. Oh, no, What am I getting myself into and she grabbed me and started talking, and shes like I know youre the right one, and I hadnt even opened my mouth yet. In retrospect, Love said that Erlandson had a Thurston quality about him and was an intensely weird, in his 2012 book, Letters to Kurt, Erlandson revealed that he and Love had a sexual relationship during their first year together in the band, which Love also confirmed. Love had lived a nomadic life prior, immersing herself in numerous music scenes, after unsuccessful attempts at forming bands in San Francisco and Portland, Love relocated to Los Angeles, where she found work as an actress in two Alex Cox films. Erlandson was a California native and a graduate of Loyola Marymount University, Love had originally wanted to name the band Sweet Baby Crystal Powered by God, but opted for the name Hole instead. With Jools Holland, Love claimed the name for the band was inspired by a quote from Euripides Medea that read, There is a hole that pierces right through me. Additionally, Love cited a conversation with her mother as being the inspiration for the bands name. Love also acknowledged the obvious genital reference in the name, alluding to the vagina. Holes first official rehearsal took place at Fortress Studios in Hollywood with Love, Erlandson, according to Erlandson, these two girls show up dressed completely crazy, we set up and they said, okay, just start playing something
Hole (band)
–
Courtney Love performing with Hole at
Big Day Out,
Melbourne, January 22, 1995
Hole (band)
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Hole performing during a reunion show in Brooklyn, New York, 2012. From left to right:
Melissa Auf der Maur,
Patty Schemel,
Courtney Love, and
Eric Erlandson
Hole (band)
–
Love performing with Hole at
SXSW in Austin, Texas, 2010.
Hole (band)
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Melissa Auf der Maur, Courtney Love, and Patty Schemel at a screening of
Hit So Hard (2012) at the
Museum of Modern Art, New York City
2.
Marietta, Georgia
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Marietta is located in central Cobb County, Georgia, United States, and is the countys seat and largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 56,579. The 2013 estimate is 59,089, making it one of the Atlanta metropolitan areas largest suburbs, Marietta is the fourth largest of the principal cities of the Atlanta metropolitan statistical area. The origin of the name is uncertain and it is believed that the city was named for Mary Cobb, the wife of U. S. Senator and Superior Court judge Thomas Willis Cobb, judge Cobb is the namesake of the county. Homes were built by settlers near the Cherokee town of Big Shanty prior to 1824. The first plat was laid out in 1833, like most towns, Marietta had a square in the center with a courthouse. The Georgia General Assembly legally recognized the community on December 19,1834, built in 1838, Oakton House is the oldest continuously occupied residence in Marietta. The original barn, milk house, smokehouse, and wellhouse remain on the property, the spectacular gardens contain the boxwood parterre from the 1870s. Oakton served as Major General Lorings headquarters during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain in 1864, Marietta was initially selected as the hub for the new Western and Atlantic Railroad, and business boomed. By 1838, roadbed and trestles had been built north of the city, however, in 1840, political wrangling stopped construction for a time. In 1842, the new management decided to move the hub from Marietta to an area that would become Atlanta. Nonetheless, in 1850, when the railroad operation, Marietta shared in the resulting prosperity. Businessman and politician John Glover arrived in 1848, a popular figure, Glover was elected mayor when the city incorporated in 1852. Another early resident was Dr. Carey Cox, who promoted a water cure, the Cobb County Medical Society recognizes him as the countys first physician. The Georgia Military Institute was built in 1851, and the first bank opened in 1855, during the 1850s, fire destroyed much of the city on three separate occasions. By the time the Civil War began in 1861, Marietta had recovered from the fires, in April 1862, James Andrews, a civilian working with the Union Army, came to Marietta, along with a small party of Union soldiers dressed in civilian clothing. The group spent the night in the Fletcher House hotel located immediately in front of the Western and Atlantic Railroad
Marietta, Georgia
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Cobb County courthouse in Marietta
Marietta, Georgia
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Marietta
Marietta, Georgia
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Ruins of the paper mill at
Sope Creek
Marietta, Georgia
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Mary Phagan as depicted in the Atlanta Journal
3.
Grunge
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Grunge is a subgenre of alternative rock and a subculture that emerged during the mid-1980s in the Pacific Northwest U. S. state of Washington, particularly in Seattle and nearby towns. The early grunge movement revolved around Seattles independent record label Sub Pop, the success of these bands boosted the popularity of alternative rock and made grunge the most popular form of rock music at the time. Grunge was also an influence on subsequent genres such as post-grunge, Grunge fuses elements of punk rock and heavy metal, such as the distorted electric guitar used in both genres, although some bands performed with more emphasis on one or the other. Like these genres, grunge typically uses electric guitar, bass guitar, a drummer, Grunge also incorporates influences from indie rock bands such as Sonic Youth. Lyrics are typically angst-filled and introspective, often addressing themes such as alienation, apathy, concerns about confinement. A number of factors contributed to decline in prominence. During the mid-late 1990s, many grunge bands broke up or became less visible, the word grunge was used in print in prior to the use of the term in mainstream publications to refer to the Seattle music genre. Rock has always been about it, a reference to distorted sounds in rock in a general sense. Mark Arm, the vocalist for the Seattle band Green River—and later Mudhoney—is generally credited as being the first to use the term grunge to describe the Seattle genre of music. Arm first used the term in 1981, when he wrote a letter under his given name Mark McLaughlin to the Seattle zine Desperate Times, criticizing his own band Mr. Epp and the Calculations as Pure grunge. Sub Pop called Green Rivers 1986 EP Dry as a Bone ultra-loose GRUNGE that destroyed the morals of a generation, Everett True states that when Arm stated that Seattles streets were paved with grunge, he was using the word in a negative way to mean orthless. In this use of the word grunge, Arm was using it as an adjective, Arm used grunge as a descriptive term rather than a genre term, but it eventually came to describe the punk/metal hybrid sound of the Seattle music scene. Catherine Strong states that grunges dirty sound in the late 1980s, when low budgets, unfamiliarity with recording, the term grunge has been extended to other forms, such as writer Josh Henderson referring to Seattle scene members from the 1990s as grungers in 2016. When grunge first developed, music journalists called it pain rock, evergreen State was a progressive college which did not use grading and which had its own alternative music radio station. Bands from Portland, Oregon, such as the Wipers, also influenced the genres pioneers. Some bands associated with the genre, such as Soundgarden, Pearl Jam and Alice in Chains, have not been receptive to the label, preferring instead to be referred to as rock and roll bands. Ben Shepherd from Soundgarden stated that he hates the word grunge, Rolling Stone noted the genres lack of a clear definition. Roy Shuker states that the term obscured a variety of styles, Stetson states that grunge was not a movement, monolithic musical genre, or a way to react to 1980s-era metal pop, he calls the term a misnomer mostly based on hype
Grunge
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Seattle punk/metal band
The U-Men performing in Seattle.
Grunge
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Cosmic Psychos, one of several Australian bands which influenced and interacted with the Seattle scene
Grunge
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Nirvana performing at the 1992
MTV Video Music Awards.
4.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
Punk rock
–
The
Ramones ' 1976
debut album laid down the musical "blueprint for punk", while its cover image had a similarly formative influence on punk visual style.
Punk rock
–
Johnny Rotten and Steve Jones of the Sex Pistols
Punk rock
–
The Clash, performing in 1980
Punk rock
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British punks, circa 1986
5.
DGC Records
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The label was created as a response to the success Geffen had with the harder rock acts on its roster. The label also released early titles by hip hop band The Roots, in 1999, during the consolidation of Geffen’s Universal Music Group parent and PolyGram, the DGC label ceased operations. The retained acts would go on to record for the main Geffen label, in the years to follow, the DGC title and logo would occasionally appear on reissues of its past catalog items. In 2007, the label was revived as a brand for Interscope Records, since its reactivation, it has released albums by Weezer, Beck, Counting Crows and Rise Against. As of late, DGC Records, in partnership with MySpace Records and indie Lucky Ear Music, the following artists have recorded for DGC Records, List of record labels DGC Rarities Vol.1 DGC Records Official Website
DGC Records
–
DGC Records
6.
City Slang
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City Slang is a record label based in Berlin, Germany. The label was founded in 1990 by former tour agent Christof Ellinghaus and it was named after the song City Slang by Sonics Rendezvous Band. Over the past 22 years, City Slang has played host to releases ranging from veteran acts to newcomers and its focus on US- and Canada-based acts remains, maintaining its relationship with several key North American independent labels, such as Merge Records and Arts & Crafts. List of record labels Official website
City Slang
–
City Slang
7.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
Record producer
–
Alan Parsons in an
ESO 50th anniversary video.
Record producer
–
A
Danish recording session
Record producer
–
Mixing Console
8.
Pretty on the Inside
–
Pretty on the Inside is the debut studio album by American alternative rock band Hole, released on September 17,1991, in the United States on Caroline Records. Loves lyrics on the album are often narrative, graphic, and abstract, detailing issues of violence, self-realization, the record was dedicated to Rob Ritter of the Los Angeles punk rock acts Bags and The Gun Club. Pretty on the Inside was well received by music critics, garnering favorable reviews in Spin, NME. It received considerable success in the United Kingdom, where the records lead single, Teenage Whore. Despite its critical acclaim, frontwoman Courtney Love has, in later years, an LP version of the album was reissued in the United States in August 2011 to celebrate its twentieth anniversary. My influences are Big Black, Sonic Youth, and Fleetwood Mac, Eric Erlandson, along with over a dozen other musicians, answered the ad. Love later said that she knew Eric was the one as soon as they met, Erlandson said that early in Holes career, they were more interested in making noise than achieving success and before drummer Caroline Rue joined the band that they used no percussion whatsoever. It was not until Love and Erlandson heard Mudhoneys Touch Me Im Sick that they began to think about taking the band to the next level, the band also featured a third guitarist in its early days, first Mike Geisbrecht and then Errol Stewart. After the bands first four shows, the original lineup disbanded and Hole recruited bassist Jill Emery in 1990. In the documentary film Not Bad for a Girl, Love, so I took, you know, high heels and white pumps, and I had a wiglet—I just took that and messed with it. Hole had previously released two singles, Retard Girl on Sympathy for the Record Industry and Dicknail on Sub Pop, according to Love, she had initially wanted to release the album on Sympathy for the Record Industry, but was talked into signing on with Caroline Records. After signing, Love sought Sonic Youths Kim Gordon to produce the album, Gordon agreed on the condition that her friend, Gumball frontman Don Fleming, assist. During the recording sessions for the album, Love purportedly gargled whiskey and she was the most gung-ho person Ive ever met. She was going to make the greatest record ever—I like that attitude in the studio, Courtney was like Lets go, fuckers, and I loved that. In a later interview, Fleming said, Courtney was great at the time—it was before she even knew Kurt, Ive worked with some people that youve had to coax the performance out of them. With Courtney, there was no attitude and she was gonna give it all. And she did and it was impressive to me. I loved the band, they were a lot of fun
Pretty on the Inside
–
Pretty on the Inside
9.
Celebrity Skin
–
Celebrity Skin is the third studio album by American alternative rock band Hole, released worldwide on September 8,1998 on Geffen Records and one day later in the United States on DGC Records. Hole intended the record to diverge significantly from their previous noise and grunge-influenced sound as featured on Pretty on the Inside, the band hired producer Michael Beinhorn to record Celebrity Skin over a nine-month period that included the band recording in California, New York and the United Kingdom. The album was the only studio release to feature bassist Melissa Auf der Maur. Unlike the material on the previous albums, the songs on Celebrity Skin were composed by a number of musicians instead of solely frontwoman Courtney Love. The Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan contributed largely to the writing process and others, including Auf der Maurs former bandmate Jordon Zadorozny. Love named the album and its title track after a poem she had written, drummer Patty Schemel played the demos on this album, and was replaced with session drummer Deen Castronovo at the suggestion of producer Beinhorn. This issue created a rift between Schemel and the band, resulting in her out of the tour and parting ways with the group. Celebrity Skin was the bands last album before their disbandment in 2002, Celebrity Skin was Holes most commercially successful album. Critical reaction to the album was positive and the album was listed on a number of publications year-end lists in 1998. The album was named the 265th greatest album of all time by a 2013 poll by NME magazine and was featured in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. In September 1995, Hole completed the leg of their year-long of tour in promotion for their second studio album. Despite remaining unproductive in the following the tour, the members of Hole began working on individual projects. Frontwoman Courtney Love was cast as Althea Flynt in the The People vs. Rocks, following Loves promotion of The People vs. Larry Flynt, the band reunited to write new material for Celebrity Skin, according to Love, the embryonic versions of the songs werent very good and not written well. However, the songs developed following the relocation to several parts of the United States, including Nashville, Memphis, Tennessee. During their time in New Orleans, the recorded a number of demos, including an early version of Awful and songs which later developed into Dying. Despite reports, these sessions did not result in the recording of a complete album, Erlandson debunked these claims in 2002. The writing process was completed in under a year and the band went through fruitless attempts at finalizing the songs before the band were satisfied enough to enter the studio, the band entered Conway Recording Studios in Los Angeles in April 1997 to begin the recording sessions of the album
Celebrity Skin
–
Celebrity Skin
10.
Single (music)
–
In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
Single (music)
–
45
rpm single record
11.
Miss World (song)
–
Miss World is a song by American alternative rock band Hole, written by frontwoman Courtney Love and lead guitarist Eric Erlandson. The song was released as the fifth single and the first from their second studio album, Live Through This. City Slang released CD and vinyl versions of the single in Europe, a music video for the song was directed by Sophie Muller in March 1994 and released in promotion with the single. Erlandson and Love wrote Miss World in summer 1992 after the departure of band members Jill Emery. An early version of the song, recorded with drummer Patty Schemel and Loves husband and Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain, was recorded in BMG Ariola Ltda in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on January 21,1993. Sound engineer Craig Montgomery stated that some songs were half-baked ideas, Miss World was a fairly complete song at that point. The band played the live on July 15 and 16,1993 during their performances at the Clapham Grand in London and at the Phoenix Festival in Stratford-upon-Avon. The official album version of the song was recorded as part of the Live Through This sessions at Triclops Studios in Atlanta, Miss World is known to deal with themes of self-image and substance abuse. Selects Clark Collis observed, Miss World treads similar ground to Juliana Hatfields Supermodel – only, naturally, the lyrics expand on the main theme of self-image with the opening lines containing I am the girl you know, so sick I cannot try and later lyrics relating to suffering. The use of the term kill me pills is inspired by, and also a reference to, Anne Sexton, who, after overdosing on barbiturates and pentobarbital called the drugs kill me pills. The UK release of the single featured a live cover of Do It Clean by Echo. In later years, the track has been covered by Neverending White Lights musician Daniel Victor, the song appeared in an episode of Daria, The Lawndale File. Prior to the release, a promotional music video for Miss World was recorded in Los Angeles. It is the music video by Hole that features bassist Kristen Pfaff. The video is influenced by the style and decorations of the 1976 film Carrie. During much of The latter image bears striking resemblance to the cover of Live Through This, EU7 single UK CD single US7 single 1. Olympia is labeled as Rock Star to avoid confusion from the album misprint, do It Clean was recorded live at the Clapham Grand in London, United Kingdom on July 15,1993. All personnel credits adapted from Live Through Thiss liner notes, kolderie – producer, engineer Sean Slade – producer, engineer Scott Litt - mixing
Miss World (song)
–
"Miss World"
Miss World (song)
–
Love's character in the video is almost identical to the character portrayed on the front artwork for
Live Through This. Self-image is a major theme of the album and "Miss World" especially.
12.
Doll Parts
–
Doll Parts is a song by American alternative rock band Hole, written by vocalist and rhythm guitarist Courtney Love. The song was released as the sixth single and second from their second studio album, Live Through This. It was also the first single to be released following the death of bassist Kristen Pfaff in June 1994. Courtney Love wrote the song in the fall of 1991 soon after she met Kurt Cobain, and has admitted that its lyrics were about her insecurity of his romantic interest in her. It went on to one of the bands most popular songs, peaking on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks at number 4. Courtney Love is known to have written Doll Parts as early as November 1991, the song developed into its final form less than two weeks later and became a regular number on setlists during the bands tour of Europe the United Kingdom the following month. Journalist Everett True also noted that Love performed a version of the song to him over a telephone at 4 a. m. during the bands tour. The first known version of Doll Parts was recorded on November 19,1991 at Maida Vale Studios as part of Holes first radio session with BBC DJ John Peel. A second version of the song was recorded on March 27,1993 with Mark Goodier, another BBC radio host, in October 1993, the band recorded the album version of the song as part of the Live Through This sessions at Triclops Studios in Atlanta, Georgia. Doll Parts is known to deal with themes of love, rejection, speaking to Uncut magazine in 2010, Love stated that it was a song about Kurt. In the 1990s, during an interview on the television show Rage, Love divulged that she had written the song while staying in Boston at Joyce Linehans apartment and she was a lower-level music executive and she had lots of matching Body Shop shampoo and Id never seen that before. And I thought one day Ill have enough money and all my cosmetics are gonna match, I also thought that the guy I was going out with - who I later married. And that wasnt the transvestite in Las Vegas the other time, I thought that he didnt like me and that he liked this total poser idiot girl, so I wrote this song about him. Love also said that the line dog beg was written into the first verse because there was a dog in the room with her begging for food. Both the title of the song and the meaning are inspired by an encounter Love had with Kurt Cobain in 1991 prior to their relationship. The box, purchased in a store in New Orleans, was later the influence for the Cobain-penned Nirvana song. After Cobains death in April 1994, Doll Parts took on a tragic meaning with Love giving anguished performances of the song on tour. Drummer Patty Schemel has said that things would remind her, a lot of the time on-stage
Doll Parts
–
"Doll Parts"
13.
Violet (Hole song)
–
Violet is a song by American alternative rock band Hole, written by vocalist and guitarist Courtney Love and guitarist Eric Erlandson. The song was released as the seventh single and the third from that album in January 1995 after Kristen Pfaffs death in June 1994. The song also explores themes of sexual exploitation and self-abasement, Violet peaked at number 29 on the Billboards Modern Rock Tracks after the albums release in 1994, and is arguably one of Holes most well-known and critically recognized songs. It charted at number 116 on The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born list by Blender magazine in 2005, the cover artwork for the single features a Victorian mourning portrait of a deceased young girl which was taken from the historical archives of Stanley B. Love wrote Violet in the fall of 1991, during the bands Pretty on the Inside tour, Love stated that she finished the song in the bands tour van at St. Andrews Hall in Detroit, Michigan during the bands sound check. We were opening for the Laughing Hyenas, and there were 40 people there, five songs from Nevermind, and I was so jealous of those songs that I had to try to top them. I could not believe that somebody I knew, somebody from our underground, had written a batch of songs so fiercely great. The band played the live in Toronto, Canada on November 1,1991 during the bands tour to promote their first album. Early versions of the song were played several times between 1991 and 1992 at other live performances, the first known studio version of Violet was recorded on November 19,1991 at Maida Vale Studios as part of Holes first radio session with BBC DJ John Peel. In October 1993, the band recorded the version of the song as part of the Live Through This sessions at Triclops Studios in Atlanta. The recording from the 1991 Peel session was included on the bands 1995 EP Ask For It, along with Doll Parts, which was recorded during the same studio visit. On both Live Through This and the single, the songwriting is credited collectively to Hole, however according to BMIs website, Violet was written only by Eric Erlandson. The song is composed of a series of 3-note power chords, the verses of the song feature a singular chord progression composed of the power chords. The choruses of the feature a three-chord progression, as well as a chord progression similar to that of the chorus. There are two guitars featured in the song, with Love playing clean rhythm guitar and Erlandson playing lead guitar with heavy distortion. Violet was reputedly written about The Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, on May 5,1995, Love introduced the song on Later. With Jools Holland as a song about a jerk, I hexed him and now hes losing his hair, which is seen as a reference to Corgans hair loss. As a result of the reports that the song was written about Corgan, the song was well-reviewed by critics
Violet (Hole song)
–
Cover art from 7" vinyl release
14.
Softer, Softest
–
Softer, Softest is a song by American alternative rock band Hole, written by frontwoman Courtney Love and lead guitarist Eric Erlandson. The song was released as the eighth single and fourth and final single from their second studio album, Live Through This. The single was released just as the band finished their touring in 1995. Erlandson and Love are known to have written Softer, Softest as early as December 1991 at which time it was performed live during the tour of the United Kingdom in winter 1991. Originally known as Pee Girl, the song developed into its form in early 1993 when the name Softer. The first known version of Softer, Softest was recorded on January 21,1993 at BMG Ariola Ltda in Rio de Janeiro. Sound engineer Craig Montgomery stated that the songs were half-baked ideas, two more structured versions were recorded on March 27,1993 with BBC DJ Mark Goodier. Speaking of Cobains involvement, Love has said there are all over Live Through This that are Kurts. You can hear him on Pee Girl, despite his involvement, Cobain was not noted as a performer neither on the album nor the single. Recorded by John Harris and directed by Milton Lage, the performance featured guest musicians Ralph Carney on cello, Zeena Parkins on harp. Kolderie — producer, engineer Sean Slade — producer, engineer Scott Litt — mixing
Softer, Softest
–
"Softer, Softest"
15.
Alternative rock
–
Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
Alternative rock
–
One of the first popular alternative rock bands,
R.E.M. relied on
college-radio airplay, constant touring, and a grassroots fanbase to break into the musical mainstream.
Alternative rock
–
Kim Gordon and
Thurston Moore of
Sonic Youth
Alternative rock
–
Robert Smith of
The Cure rejects the genre labels like alternative,
gothic rock, and
college rock applied to his band. He has said, "Every time we went to America we had a different tag... I can't remember when we officially became 'alt-rock'".
Alternative rock
–
Kurt Cobain (foreground) and
Krist Novoselic with
Nirvana live at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards.
16.
Courtney Love
–
Courtney Michelle Love is an American singer, actress, writer, and visual artist. Prolific in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s, Love has enjoyed a career that spans four decades and she rose to prominence as the frontwoman of the alternative rock band Hole, which she formed in 1989. Love has drawn attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics. The daughter of Hank Harrison and psychotherapist Linda Carroll, Love had an itinerant early life and she spent her formative years in San Francisco and Portland, Oregon, where she was in a series of short-lived bands before being cast in two films by British director Alex Cox. After forming Hole in 1989, she received attention from underground rock press for the groups debut album. Holes second release, Live Through This, gave her high-profile renown with critical accolades, in 1995, Love returned to acting, earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Miloš Formans The People vs. Larry Flynt, which established her as a mainstream actress, the following year, she saw further mainstream success with the release of Holes third album, Celebrity Skin, which was nominated for multiple Grammy Awards. Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s, appearing in pictures such as Man on the Moon and Trapped, before releasing her first solo album, Americas Sweetheart. That project became Nobodys Daughter, which was released in 2010 as a Hole album, between 2014 and 2015, she released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire. Love has also had endeavors in writing, co-creating and co-authoring three volumes of a manga, Princess Ai, between 2004 and 2006, as well as a memoir, Dirty Blonde, The Diaries of Courtney Love. In 2012, she premiered an exhibit of mixed media visual art titled And Shes Not Even Pretty. Love was born Courtney Michelle Harrison on July 9,1964 in San Francisco, California, the daughter of Linda Carroll and Hank Harrison, Loves godfather is the founding Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh. Her mother, who was adopted as a child, was revealed to be the biological daughter of novelist Paula Fox. Loves great-grandmother was screenwriter Elsie Fox, Love is of Cuban, English, German, Irish, and Welsh descent. Loves mother, who was studying to be a psychologist, had her in therapy by the age of two. In 1970, her mother moved the family to the community of Marcola, Oregon. She described her parents household as being full of hairy, wangly-ass hippies running around naked Gestalt therapy and my mom was also adamant about a gender-free household, no dresses, no patent leather shoes, no canopy beds, nothing. Love attended a Montessori school in Eugene, where she struggled academically and had trouble making friends, at age nine, a psychologist noted that she exhibited signs of autism
Courtney Love
–
Love performing at Austin, Texas, in 2010.
Courtney Love
Courtney Love
–
Love performing with Hole, 1989
Courtney Love
–
Love performing with Hole at
Big Day Out,
Melbourne, 1995
17.
Kurt Cobain
–
Kurt Donald Cobain was an American musician, artist, songwriter, guitarist and poet. Born in Aberdeen, Washington, Cobain formed the band Nirvana with Krist Novoselic in 1987 and established it as part of the Seattle music scene, Nirvanas debut album Bleach was released on the independent record label Sub Pop in 1989. After signing with major label DGC Records, the band found success with Smells Like Teen Spirit from their second album Nevermind. Following the success of Nevermind, Nirvana was labeled the band of Generation X. During the last years of his life, Cobain struggled with addiction, chronic health problems. He also had difficulty coping with his fame and public image, on April 8,1994, Cobain was found dead at his home in Seattle, the victim of what was officially ruled a suicide by a self-inflicted shotgun wound to the head. The circumstances of his death at age 27 have become a topic of public fascination, since their debut, Nirvana, with Cobain as a songwriter, has sold over 25 million albums in the U. S. and over 75 million worldwide. Cobain was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014, along with Nirvana bandmates Krist Novoselic and Dave Grohl, Cobain was born at Grays Harbor Hospital in Aberdeen, Washington, the son of waitress Wendy Elizabeth and automotive mechanic Donald Leland Cobain. His parents were married on July 31,1965 in Coeur dAlene and his ancestry included Dutch, English, French, German, Irish, and Scottish. His Irish ancestors migrated from Carrickmore, County Tyrone in 1875, researchers found that they were shoemakers, originally named Cobane, who came from Inishatieve, a townland within Carrickmore. As migrants, they first settled in Cornwall, Ontario, Canada, Cobain himself believed his family came from County Cork. His younger sister, Kimberly, was born on April 24,1970, Cobains family had a musical background. Kurt was described as being a happy and excitable child, who also exhibited sensitivity and care. His talent as an artist was evident from an age, as he would draw his favorite characters from films and cartoons, such as the Creature from the Black Lagoon and Donald Duck. This enthusiasm was encouraged by his grandmother, Iris Cobain, who was a professional artist, Cobain began developing an interest in music early in life. According to his aunt Mari, he began singing at the age of two, at age four, he started playing the piano and singing, writing a song about a trip to a local park. When Cobain was nine years old, his parents divorced and he later said that the divorce had a profound effect on his life, while his mother noted that his personality changed dramatically, Cobain became defiant and withdrawn. In a 1993 interview, he elaborated, Cobains parents both found new partners after the divorce, although his father had promised not to remarry, after meeting Jenny Westeby, he did, to Kurts dismay
Kurt Cobain
–
Kurt Cobain (foreground) and Krist Novoselic live at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards
Kurt Cobain
–
Grays Harbor Hospital in Aberdeen, where Cobain was born
Kurt Cobain
–
The
Fender Mustang Lake Placid Blue guitars played by Kurt Cobain during the filming of the video for "
Smells Like Teen Spirit ", shown at the
Seattle Experience Music Project
Kurt Cobain
–
Cobain's suicide note (full transcription). The final phrase before the
valediction, "it's better to burn out than to fade away", is a quote from the lyrics of
Neil Young 's song "
Hey Hey, My My (Into the Black) "
18.
Kristen Pfaff
–
Kristen Marie Pfaff was an American musician, best known as the bassist for alternative rock band Hole from 1993 to 1994. Prior to Hole, Pfaff was the bassist and backing vocalist for Minneapolis-based band Janitor Joe, Pfaff was born to Janet Pfaff and her first husband in Buffalo, New York. Her parents divorced when she was a child, and her mother remarried to Norman Pfaff and she had one younger brother, Jason, a musician. She studied classical piano and cello, there, she also worked as a counselor for rape victims. She was a part of Restore of the Sexual Violence Program, Pfaff also took part in the annual 24 Hour Rape Free Zone in 1990, and was quoted as saying the goal was to draw attention to violence brought against women on campus and in the world. While living in Minneapolis, Minnesota following her graduation, Pfaff taught herself to play bass guitar and she, guitarist/vocalist Joachim Breuer and drummer Matt Entsminger formed the band Janitor Joe. One Janitor Joe track, Under The Knife, can also be found on an OXO records 4-track EP, the growing Minneapolis scene was beginning to attract music press attention in 1993. Amphetamine Reptile released a single, Stinker, and Janitor Joe began to tour nationally. It was on one tour in California that year that Pfaff was scouted by Eric Erlandson and Courtney Love of Hole. Love invited Pfaff to play with Hole, Pfaff declined and returned to Minneapolis, if youre wanting to move up the ladder, thats the way to go. In 1993, Pfaff moved to Seattle, Washington, to work with the members of Hole on Live Through This. The bands new line-up – Love, Erlandson, Pfaff and Patty Schemel on drums – entered the studio in early 1993 to begin rehearsals, thats when we took off, Eric Erlandson said of Pfaff joining. All of a sudden we became a real band, Pfaffs time in Seattle was a creatively rich period, and she formed close friendships with Eric Erlandson, and Kurt Cobain. While working on the platinum selling album Live Through This, Pfaff and Erlandson dated, all was not well, however, while living in Washingtons heroin capital, Pfaff developed a problem with drug use. Everybody in this town did dope, said Love of this period in the Seattle music scene. By most accounts, Pfaffs own drug use was relatively moderate, Kristen. dabbled in drugs before she was in our band, in Minneapolis, but it was very light, Erlandson told Craig Marks of Spin. She moved to Seattle and felt disconnected from everything, and she made friends, drug connections, the only way you can survive in this town is if you dont make those connections. As a result, after the completion, Pfaff decided to move back to Minnesota
Kristen Pfaff
–
Kristen Pfaff in 1993
Kristen Pfaff
–
Kristen Pfaff's grave site. Section 6, Lot 45 of Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo, New York
19.
Hardcore punk
–
Hardcore punk is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s. It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock, New York punk had a harder-edged sound than its San Francisco counterpart, featuring anti-art expressions of masculine anger, energy and subversive humor. Hardcore punk generally disavows commercialism, the music industry and anything similar to the characteristics of mainstream rock. Hardcore sprouted underground scenes across the United States in the early 1980s, particularly in Washington, New York, New Jersey, and Boston—as well as in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. Hardcore has spawned the straight movement and its associated submovements, hardline. Hardcore was heavily involved with the rise of the independent record labels in the 1980s and it has also influenced various music genres that have experienced widespread commercial success, including alternative rock, thrash metal, emo and metalcore. While traditional hardcore has never experienced mainstream success, some of its early pioneers have garnered appreciation over time. In 2011, Rolling Stone writer David Fricke placed Greg Ginn of Black Flag 99th place in his 100 Greatest Guitarists list, although the music genre started in English-speaking western countries, notable hardcore scenes have existed in Italy, Brazil, Japan, Europe and the Middle East. The origin of the hardcore punk is uncertain. The Vancouver-based band D. O. A. may have helped to popularize the term with the title of their 1981 album, Hardcore 81. C. Hardcore historian Steven Blush said that the term hardcore is also a reference to the sense of being fed up with the existing punk, Blush also states that the term refers to an extreme, the absolute most Punk. One definition of the genre is a form of exceptionally harsh punk rock, like the Oi. subgenre of the UK, hardcore punk can be considered an internal music reaction. According to one writer, distressed by the artificiality of much post-punk, lacking the art-school grace of post-punk, hardcore punk favor low key visual aesthetic over extravagance and breaking with original punk rock song patterns. One of the important philosophies in the scene is authenticity. The pejorative term poseur is applied to those who associate with punk and adopt its stylistic attributes but are deemed not to share or understand the underlying values and philosophy. Joe Keithley, the vocalist of D. O. A. said in an interview, in the vein of earlier punk rock, most hardcore punk bands have followed the traditional singer/guitar/bass/drum format. The songwriting has more emphasis on rather than melody. Critic Steven Blush writes The Sex Pistols were still rocknroll. like the craziest version of Chuck Berry, Hardcore was a radical departure from that
Hardcore punk
–
Punk fans burning a United States flag in the 1980s.
Hardcore punk
–
Mike Watt, formerly the bassist for the
Minutemen
Hardcore punk
–
UK and US zines
Hardcore punk
–
Black Flag performing live in 1984
20.
Scott Litt
–
Scott Litt is an American record producer who mostly works with artists in the alternative rock genre and is best known for producing six R. E. M. Albums during the bands most successful period, Litt began as an engineer in the late 1970s, working on recordings by Ian Hunter and Carly Simon. He made his debut as a producer with The dBs Repercussion album in 1982, going on to work with Chris Stamey, Matthew Sweet and his breakthrough as a producer came in 1987 with R. E. M. s Document album. In 1997, R. E. M. and Litt discontinued their collaboration, Litt also remixed Pennyroyal Tea and the remix was set to be released on the single, but the single was retracted shortly after Kurt Cobains death. His remix can be found on Wal-Mart and Kmart versions of In Utero as well as Nirvana, in 1999 and the 2000s, Litt worked with Incubus to produce two of their records Make Yourself and Morning View. Litt also mixed songs for Hole including Miss World, Asking For It, Jennifers Body, Litt also started his own label, Outpost Recordings, initially in partnership with IRS Records employee Mark Williams, and funded and distributed by Geffen Records
Scott Litt
–
Scott Litt
21.
J Mascis
–
J Mascis is an American musician, best known as the singer, guitarist and main songwriter for the alternative rock band Dinosaur Jr. He has also released albums as a solo artist and played drums. His most recent solo album, Tied to a Star, was released in August 2014 and he was ranked number 86 in a Rolling Stone list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists, and number 5 in a similar list for Spin magazine in 2012. Mascis was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, the son of a dentist and grew up in the area together with his sister Patty. His family name is Italian, from the province of Foggia and his mother, Theresa, died in 1985 while his father, Joseph Sr. died in 1993. At the age of 17, Mascis joined the hardcore group Deep Wound with Lou Barlow, Scott Helland. He started out playing drums, but moved to guitar when he went on to found Dinosaur Jr. with bassist Barlow and drummer Emmett Jefferson Patrick Murphy in 1984 and his vocals have been described as Neil Young-like and his guitar riffs as monolithic. Mascis dismissed Barlow from Dinosaur Jr. in 1989 and over the eight years recorded several more Dinosaur Jr. albums. In 1989 Kurt Cobain suggested that Mascis join Nirvana, the manager for Deep Wound was Gerard Cosloy, who then went on to found Homestead Records. Homestead released Dinosaur Jr. s first record, Mascis says that the reason why Dinosaur Jr. s sound is not fully formed on that record is that they were more or less automatically signed to Homestead. Megan Jasper, vice president at Sub Pop Records characterises this period as “J had some anger, usually, though, when a young person is angry, they tend to be really loud. He was only loud when he played music”, as a side project, he was the drummer in Boston doom metal group Upsidedown Cross, who released a self-titled album on Taang. He wrote songs for the film Gas, Food, Lodging, in 1996, he had a small part in the movie Grace of my Heart and provided a ballad and a Beach Boys-like song for the soundtrack. In 1998, he retired the Dinosaur Jr. name, in April 2005 Mascis, Barlow, and Murph reformed the band for a tour celebrating the re-release of the groups first three albums. The reunited line-up has since released four new albums, Beyond in 2007, Farm in 2009, I Bet on Sky in 2012, in 2000 he began producing albums with his new band, J Mascis + The Fog. In 2003, the house and studio he owned burned down, in August 2005 Mascis released J and Friends Sing and Chant For Amma, a solo album under the J Mascis and Friends banner. The album consists of songs dedicated to Hindu religious leader Mata Amritanandamayi, or Ammachi. The proceeds from the album are being donated to relief efforts Ammachis organization is spearheading
J Mascis
–
J Mascis at
Virgin Festival in 2009.
22.
Gone with the Wind (film)
–
Gone with the Wind is a 1939 American epic historical romance film adapted from Margaret Mitchells 1936 novel Gone with the Wind. It was produced by David O. Selznick of Selznick International Pictures, the leading roles are portrayed by Vivien Leigh, Clark Gable, Leslie Howard, and Olivia de Havilland. Production was difficult from the start, filming was delayed for two years due to Selznicks determination to secure Gable for the role of Rhett Butler, and the search for Scarlett led to 1,400 women being interviewed for the part. The original screenplay was written by Sidney Howard, but underwent many revisions by several writers in an attempt to get it down to a suitable length, the film received positive reviews upon its release in December 1939, although some reviewers found it dramatically lacking and bloated. The casting was praised and many reviewers found Leigh especially suited to her role as Scarlett. It set records for the number of wins and nominations at the time. The film was popular, becoming the highest-earning film made up to that point. When adjusted for inflation, it is still the most successful film in box-office history. It was re-released periodically throughout the 20th century and became ingrained in popular culture, part 1 On the eve of the American Civil War in 1861, Scarlett OHara lives at Tara, her familys cotton plantation in Georgia, with her parents and two sisters. At the Twelve Oaks party, Scarlett secretly declares her feelings to Ashley, Scarlett is incensed when she discovers another guest, Rhett Butler, has overheard their conversation, a smitten Rhett promises Scarlett he will keep her secret. The barbecue is disrupted by the declaration of war and the men rush to enlist, as Scarlett watches Ashley kiss Melanie goodbye, Melanies younger brother Charles proposes to her. Although she does not love him, Scarlett consents and they are married before he leaves to fight, Scarlett is widowed when Charles dies from a bout of pneumonia and measles while serving in the Confederate Army. Scarletts mother sends her to the Hamilton home in Atlanta to cheer her up, Scarlett, who should not attend a party while in mourning, attends a charity bazaar in Atlanta with Melanie where she runs into Rhett again, now a blockade runner for the Confederacy. Celebrating a Confederate victory and to money for the Confederate war effort. Rhett makes a large bid for Scarlett and, to the disapproval of the guests. The tide of war turns against the Confederacy after the Battle of Gettysburg in which many of the men of Scarletts town are killed, upon her return home, Scarlett finds Tara deserted, except for her father, her sisters, and two former slaves, Mammy and Pork. Scarlett learns that her mother has just died of fever and her father has become incompetent. With Tara pillaged by Union troops and the fields untended, Scarlett vows she will do anything for the survival of her family and herself
Gone with the Wind (film)
–
Theatrical pre-release poster
Gone with the Wind (film)
–
Scarlett and Rhett at the charity dance
Gone with the Wind (film)
–
Clark Gable
Gone with the Wind (film)
–
Vivien Leigh
23.
RIAA certification
–
In the United States, the Recording Industry Association of America awards certification based on the number of albums and singles sold through retail and other ancillary markets. Certification is not automatic, for an award to be made, the audit is conducted against net shipments after returns, which includes albums sold directly to retailers and one-stops, direct-to-consumer sales and other outlets. Presently, an American RIAA-certified Gold record is a single or album that has sold 500,000 units, the award was launched in 1958, originally, the requirement for a Gold single was one million units sold and a Gold album represented $1 million in sales. In 1975, the requirement of 500,000 units sold was added for Gold albums. Reflecting growth in sales, the Platinum award was added in 1976 for albums selling one million units. The Multi-Platinum award was introduced in 1984, signifying multiple Platinum levels of albums, in 1989, the sales thresholds for singles were reduced to 500,000 for Gold and 1,000,000 for Platinum, reflecting a decrease in sales of singles. In 1992, RIAA began counting each disc in a set as one unit toward certification. Reflecting additional growth in sales, the Diamond award was instituted in 1999 for albums or singles selling ten million units. Because of these changes in criteria, the sales level associated with a particular award depends on when the award was made, Nielsen SoundScan figures are not used in RIAA certification, the RIAA system predates Nielsen SoundScan and includes sales outlets Nielsen misses. Prior to Nielsen SoundScan, RIAA certification was the only audited and this system has allowed, at times, for record labels to promote an album as Gold or Platinum simply based on large shipments. For instance, in 1978 the Sgt, peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band soundtrack shipped platinum but was a sales bust, with two million returns. Similarly, all four albums by the members of Kiss simultaneously shipped Platinum that same year. A similar discrepancy between shipments and sales was reported with The Lion King soundtrack, multi-disc albums are counted once for each disc within the album if it is over 100 minutes in length or is from the vinyl era. Pink Floyds The Wall and The Beatles White Album, both vinyl-era, are also counted double even though their running times are under the minimum requirement. Since 2000, the RIAA also awards Los Premios de Oro y De Platino to Latin albums which are defined by the RIAA as a type of product that features at least 51% of content in Spanish, the thresholds were 100,000 units and 200,000 units. All Spanish-language albums certified prior to 2008 were updated to match the current certification at the time, la Bomba by Bolivian group Azul Azul is the only single to receive a Latin certification based on shipments before the creation of the Latin digital singles awards in 2013. The Disco de Diamante award was introduced after the RIAA updated the thresholds for Latin certifications in December 20,2013, the Disco de Diamante is awarded to Latin albums that have been certified 10× Platinum. The thresholds were previously 1,000,000 units and 2,000,000 units, when the RIAA changed the certification standards to match retail distribution in August 2006, all Platinum and Multi-Platinum awards for a digital release were withdrawn
RIAA certification
–
A platinum award for the album
GHV2 of
Madonna.
24.
1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die
–
1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die is a musical reference book first published in 2005 by Universe Publishing. It compiles writings and information on albums chosen by a panel of critics to be the most important, influential. The book was edited by Robert Dimery, a writer and editor who had worked for magazines such as Time Out. Each entry in the books list of albums is accompanied by an essay written by a music critic, along with pictures, quotes. Only albums consisting fully of original material by a particular artist were included, the most recent edition consists of a list of albums released between 1955 and 2016, part of a series from Quintessence Editions Ltd. The book is arranged chronologically, starting with Frank Sinatras In the Wee Small Hours, in February 2006, Publishers Weekly called the book a. bookshelf-busting testament to music geeks mania for lists and said it. is about as comprehensive a best-of as any sane person could want. They continued, For music lovers, it doesnt get much better, the 2006 version had an average rating of 3.92 stars out of 5 on Amazon. coms social cataloging website Goodreads, with 860 ratings as of April 30,2015. The same 2006 version had a rating of 3.5 stars out of 5 on Amazon. com. Most of the recommendations are rock and pop albums from the Western world. 1001 Albums also features selections from world music, rhythm and blues, blues, folk, hip hop, country, electronic music, and jazz. The rock and pop albums include such subgenres as punk rock, grindcore, heavy metal, alternative rock, progressive rock, easy listening, thrash metal, grunge and 1950s-style rock, classical and modern art music are excluded. These artists have the most albums in the 2016 edition,7 albums, The Beatles, Elvis Costello, Bob Dylan. 6 albums, Morrissey, The Rolling Stones,5 albums, The Byrds, Brian Eno, Led Zeppelin, Iggy Pop, Sonic Youth, Bruce Springsteen, Tom Waits, The Who. 4 albums, Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds, Leonard Cohen, Miles Davis, P. J. Harvey, The Kinks, Metallica, Joni Mitchell, Pink Floyd, Radiohead, steely Dan, The Talking Heads, U2, Stevie Wonder. Originally published in 2005, the book was revised in 2008,2011,2013, the 2011 edition includes 25 albums released from 2005 to 2009, with the same number of albums removed from the first edition to keep the total at 1001
1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die
–
1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die
25.
NME
–
New Musical Express is a British music journalism magazine published since 1952. It was the first British paper to include a singles chart, in the 1970s it became the best-selling British music newspaper. It started as a newspaper, and gradually moved toward a magazine format during the 1980s and 1990s. An online version of NME, NME. com, was launched in 1996 and it became the worlds biggest standalone music site, with over seven million users per month. With newsstand sales falling across the UK magazine sector, the paid circulation in the first half of 2014 was 15,830. In 2013, the list of NMEs The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, NME magazine was relaunched in September 2015 as a nationally distributed free publication. NMEs headquarters are in Southwark, London, England, the brands editor-in-chief is Mike Williams, who replaced Krissi Murison in 2012. The paper was established in 1952, the Accordion Times and Musical Express was bought by London music promoter Maurice Kinn, for the sum of £1,000, just 15 minutes before it was due to be officially closed. It was relaunched as the New Musical Express, and was published in a non-glossy tabloid format on standard newsprint. On 14 November 1952, taking its cue from the US magazine Billboard, it created the first UK Singles Chart, the first of these was, in contrast to more recent charts, a top twelve sourced by the magazine itself from sales in regional stores around the UK. The first number one was Here in My Heart by Al Martino, during the 1960s the paper championed the new British groups emerging at the time. The NME circulation peaked under Andy Gray, Editor 1957–1972, with a figure of 306,881 for the period from January to June 1964, the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were frequently featured on the front cover. These and other artists appeared at the NME Poll Winners Concert. The concert also featured a ceremony where the winners would collect their awards. The NME Poll Winners Concerts took place between 1959 and 1972, from 1964 onwards they were filmed, edited and transmitted on British television a few weeks after they had taken place. The latter part of the 1960s saw the chart the rise of psychedelia. During this period some sections of pop music began to be designated as rock, in early 1972 the paper found itself on the verge of closure by its owner IPC. Alan Smith was made editor and in 1972 was told by IPC to turn things around quickly or face closure, according to The Economist, the New Musical Express started to champion underground, up-and-coming music. NME became the gateway to a more rebellious world
NME
–
Cover featuring
Patti Smith for the week of 21 February 1976
NME
–
Blur vs.
Oasis issue in August 1995.
NME
–
Logo of the 2006 NME Awards Tour.
26.
Caroline Rue
–
Hole was an American alternative rock band that formed in Los Angeles, California in 1989 by singer and guitarist Courtney Love and lead guitarist Eric Erlandson. The band had a revolving line-up of bassists and drummers, their most prolific being drummer Patty Schemel, influenced by Los Angeles punk rock scene, the band garnered critical acclaim for their frenetic debut album, Pretty on the Inside, produced by Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth. After signing with DGC Records, the sought to refine their sound on their second album, Live Through This. The album was acclaimed and reached platinum status within a year of its release. Their third album, Celebrity Skin, which garnered them four Grammy nominations, marked a departure from their earlier punk influences, boasting a more commercially viable. In 2002 the group disbanded to pursue other projects, eight years later in 2010, Hole was reformed by Love with new members, despite Erlandsons claim that the reformation breached a mutual contract he had with Love. The reformed band released the album Nobodys Daughter, which had originally conceived as Loves second solo album. In 2013, Love retired the Hole name, releasing new material, Hole formed after Eric Erlandson responded to an advertisement placed by Courtney Love in Recycler in the summer of 1989. The advertisement simply read, I want to start a band and my influences are Big Black, Sonic Youth, and Fleetwood Mac. She called me up and talked my ear off, said Erlandson and we met at this coffee shop, and I saw her and I thought Oh, God. Oh, no, What am I getting myself into and she grabbed me and started talking, and shes like I know youre the right one, and I hadnt even opened my mouth yet. In retrospect, Love said that Erlandson had a Thurston quality about him and was an intensely weird, in his 2012 book, Letters to Kurt, Erlandson revealed that he and Love had a sexual relationship during their first year together in the band, which Love also confirmed. Love had lived a nomadic life prior, immersing herself in numerous music scenes, after unsuccessful attempts at forming bands in San Francisco and Portland, Love relocated to Los Angeles, where she found work as an actress in two Alex Cox films. Erlandson was a California native and a graduate of Loyola Marymount University, Love had originally wanted to name the band Sweet Baby Crystal Powered by God, but opted for the name Hole instead. With Jools Holland, Love claimed the name for the band was inspired by a quote from Euripides Medea that read, There is a hole that pierces right through me. Additionally, Love cited a conversation with her mother as being the inspiration for the bands name. Love also acknowledged the obvious genital reference in the name, alluding to the vagina. Holes first official rehearsal took place at Fortress Studios in Hollywood with Love, Erlandson, according to Erlandson, these two girls show up dressed completely crazy, we set up and they said, okay, just start playing something
Caroline Rue
–
Courtney Love performing with Hole at
Big Day Out,
Melbourne, January 22, 1995
Caroline Rue
–
Hole performing during a reunion show in Brooklyn, New York, 2012. From left to right:
Melissa Auf der Maur,
Patty Schemel,
Courtney Love, and
Eric Erlandson
Caroline Rue
–
Love performing with Hole at
SXSW in Austin, Texas, 2010.
Caroline Rue
–
Melissa Auf der Maur, Courtney Love, and Patty Schemel at a screening of
Hit So Hard (2012) at the
Museum of Modern Art, New York City
27.
Jill Emery
–
Jill Emery is an American musician and contemporary artist, best known as a bass guitarist for the alternative rock/grunge band Hole. Emery was born 1962, in Los Angeles, California United States and she has performed with music groups, Hole Mazzy Star Shadow Project Super Heroines Her record labels she have included Caroline Records, City Slang, Capitol Records, and Time Bomb Recordings
Jill Emery
–
Courtney Love performing with Hole at
Big Day Out,
Melbourne, January 22, 1995
Jill Emery
–
Hole performing during a reunion show in Brooklyn, New York, 2012. From left to right:
Melissa Auf der Maur,
Patty Schemel,
Courtney Love, and
Eric Erlandson
Jill Emery
–
Love performing with Hole at
SXSW in Austin, Texas, 2010.
Jill Emery
–
Melissa Auf der Maur, Courtney Love, and Patty Schemel at a screening of
Hit So Hard (2012) at the
Museum of Modern Art, New York City
28.
Jabberjaw
–
Jabberjaw is a 30-minute Saturday morning animated series created by Joe Ruby and Ken Spears and produced by Hanna-Barbera which aired on ABC from September 11,1976, to September 3,1978. Like a great deal of Hanna-Barberas output in the 1970s, the format and writing for Jabberjaw was similar to that for Scooby-Doo, Josie, the show also drew inspiration from the overall shark mania of the mid 1970s caused by the then-recent film Jaws. It also shared The Flintstones penchant for making use of puns as the names of locations, people, etc. in this case, ocean-themed puns. In the 1980s, repeats resurfaced as part of USA Cartoon Express on USA Network, in the 1990s on Cartoon Network and this is one of a number of shows made before the mid-1980s seen on the Cartoon Network and Boomerang to have been taken from PAL prints. Like many animated series created by Hanna-Barbera in the 1970s, the show contained a track created by the studio. Jabberjaw and The Neptunes travel to various cities where they encounter. Jabberjaw – Jabberjaw is an air-breathing, anthropomorphic great white shark whose voice, Jabberjaw found it hard to get respect in a society where shark ejectors were commonplace, prompting him to frequently utter his catchphrase, No respect. Biff – Biff is an athletic, handsome, dimwitted brown-haired young man who is the guitar player. Shelly – Shelly is a young woman who plays tambourine for The Neptunes. She is attractive, intelligent, haughty, vain and abrasive, while she holds a great deal of disdain for Jabberjaw, she does have some fondness for him deep down and occasionally shows it. She also has the most sanity in the band, Bubbles – Bubbles is a young woman with blonde, curly hair who plays keyboard for The Neptunes. She is extremely ditzy and dimwitted, has a cute giggle, similar to Josie, Shelly sometimes nicknames her Ding-a-Ling or Bubblehead. Whenever she volunteers to help, she ends up messing it up. Clamhead – Clamhead is a man who plays bass for The Neptunes. His catchphrases are crying out Abba-abba-abba. and Wowee-wow-wow-wow, Jabberjaw made a special guest appearance at a celebrity roast honoring Fred Flintstone on the TV special Hanna-Barberas All-Star Comedy Ice Revue. Jabber is still on his search for respect from his series, his racing partner is a lazy bloodhound named Buford. Frank Welker reprised his role of Jabberjaw and also voiced Buford and he also appeared in Hanna-Barbera Presents, Superstar Olympics published by Archie Comics in 1996 and Cartoon Network Presents, Jabberjaw, Speed Buggy, Captain Caveman published by DC Comics in 1999. In France, Jabberjaw was featured in various French-language comic books titled Télé Junior, Télé Parade, Jabberjaw made a cameo appearance on Yogis Treasure Hunt in the episode Goodbye, Mr. Chump
Jabberjaw
–
Jabberjaw and The Neptunes. Counterclockwise: Jabberjaw (drums), Bubbles (keyboard), Biff (guitar), Shelly (tambourine) and Clamhead (double bass).
Jabberjaw
–
Jabberjaw
Jabberjaw
–
Outside of his own TV series, Jabberjaw also appeared in comic books such as this issue of Cartoon Network Presents #23, from 1999.
29.
Patty Schemel
–
Patricia Theresa Schemel is an American drummer and musician who rose to prominence as the drummer of alternative rock band Hole from 1992 until 1998. In 1998, Schemel left Hole, and in the early 2000s reunited with Hole frontwoman Courtney Love during her career, and later drummed for Juliette. As of 2010, Schemel continues to play music and gives drum lessons, in 2013, Schemel joined the indie rock group Upset, formed by Ali Koehler, previously of Vivian Girls and Best Coast. She also formed rock and roll band with her brother, Larry Schemel, Schemel was born the middle child of three children and grew up in Marysville, Washington. Schemel began playing drums at age eleven, and played music with her brother Larry, as a teenager, Schemel came out as a lesbian to her family. Musically, Schemels early influences included Echo & the Bunnymen, AC/DC and Wire, among punk rock bands. The pair later joined Seattle punk band Sybil, which was renamed Kill Sybil due to the artist of the same name, in 1987, she joined Doll Squad, an all-female punk rock band from Seattle, Washington. The band was active from 1987 to 1989 gaining an indie following in Seattle, playing alongside Nirvana. Between Kill Sybil and Doll Squad Patty played drums for Everett Washington band The Primitives with poet Raegan Butcher and local legends Danny Darst, after leaving Doll Squad Patty formed SNUF with Faye West on vocals, Otis P. Otis on guitar, and Michael on bass. Michael died in a drug related fire and was replaced by Darren Peters, shortly after picking up Peters, Mark Spiders came in on second guitar. Infamous for playing naked at Squid Row on Seattles Capitol Hill, Patty would move on to join Hole and Mark, Darren, and Otis would form Willard. Schemel was considered by Kurt Cobain as Nirvanas drummer after the departure of their drummer, Cobain had been a fan of Schemels former band Sybil, which had also been based in Seattle. However, after Dave Grohls audition, Schemel became Cobains second choice, Schemels first work with Hole was the recording of their fourth single, Beautiful Son, on which she also played guitar on the b-side 20 Years in the Dakota, with Love playing bass. Following this, Schemel played drums on Holes second and most successful album to date Live Through This and she later went on to tour with the band for the promotion of Live Through This, which featured dates at the Reading Festival, Big Day Out and Lollapalooza. While on tour in April 1995, Schemel became the first woman ever to appear on the cover of Drum World magazine, Schemels girlfriend at the time acted as Courtney Loves personal assistant during Holes 1994–1995 world tour, while promoting Live Through This. Also in the mid-1990s, according to a source, Patty was in a brief relationship with drummer Polly Johnson of 764-HERO. Around this time, she recorded with Phranc, playing drums on the Goofyfoot EP. In 1996, Schemel played drums on Holes cover of Fleetwood Macs song Gold Dust Woman and she also sang backing vocals and appeared prominently in the video for the song
Patty Schemel
–
Schemel at a screening of
Hit So Hard at the
Museum of Modern Art, New York City, 2011.
30.
Carnation, Washington
–
Carnation is a city in King County, Washington, United States. The population was 1,786 at the 2010 census, settled in 1865, Carnation was officially incorporated on December 30,1912, as Tolt. The name was changed to Carnation in 1917, back to Tolt on May 3,1928, the name Carnation was chosen to honor a nearby research farm operated by the Carnation Milk Products Company. Carnation is located at 47°38′54″N 121°54′31″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.18 square miles, of which,1.16 square miles is land and 0.02 square miles is water. The city is located on the east bank of the Snoqualmie River just north of where the Tolt River joins in, Camlann Medieval Village, a living history museum of a medieval English village, is located approximately four miles north of Carnation. Founded in the early 1980s, Camlann is devoted to teaching and entertaining schools, clubs, families, as of the census of 2010, there were 1,786 people,631 households, and 474 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,539.7 inhabitants per square mile, there were 665 housing units at an average density of 573.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 85. 8% White,0. 9% African American,1. 0% Native American,3. 1% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,7. 1% from other races, and 2. 1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12. 7% of the population,19. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the family size was 3.24. The median age in the city was 34.9 years. 30. 1% of residents were under the age of 18,6. 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24,29. 4% were from 25 to 44,27. 7% were from 45 to 64, and 6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49. 8% male and 50. 2% female, Carnation has a high rate of home ownership for King County,73. 31% of the homes in Carnation are occupied by people who own them. This rate is higher than nearby cities like Redmond, Bellevue. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,893 people,636 households, the population density was 1,728.4 people per square mile. There were 650 housing units at a density of 593.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 91. 76% White,1. 32% Native American,3. 59% Asian,0. 16% Pacific Islander,1. 80% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 91% of the population. 17. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.40
Carnation, Washington
–
Carnation, Washington. July 4th, 2004
Carnation, Washington
–
Entwistle House
Carnation, Washington
–
Tolt IOOF/Eagles Hall
31.
Caroline Records
–
Caroline Records is an American record label that started as a subsidiary of Richard Bransons Virgin Records America during the early to mid-1970s. It specialized in inexpensive LPs by mainly progressive rock and jazz artists that lacked commercial appeal, the first release was Outside the Dream Syndicate by Tony Conrad and Faust in 1973. The logo was a variation of Virgins Twins logo designed by Roger Dean. Both the US and UK branches of Caroline Records are subsidiaries of Caroline Music, Caroline has or had a number of subsidiary labels including Astralwerks, Gyroscope, Caroline Blue Plate, Rocks the World, Scamp, and Passenger. On February 20,2014, it was revealed that American rapper 50 Cent had signed with the label, steven Wilson joined the labels roster in April 2017, ahead of the release of his fifth studio album. Artist Shop Caroline Records Caroline Distribution Official website Discogs Caroline Records Discogs Gyroscope EMI Group Website links
Caroline Records
–
Caroline label design in the UK
32.
Geffen Records
–
Geffen Records is an American major record label, owned by Universal Music Group, which operates as one third of the Interscope Geffen A&M Records label. On March 23,2017, Billboard. com announced the label was relaunching with longtime A&R Neil Jacobson as President, Geffen Records was started in 1980 by music industry businessman David Geffen who, in the early 1970s, had founded Asylum Records. Geffen stepped down from Asylum in 1975, when he crossed over to film and was named a vice-president of Warner Bros and he was fired from Warner circa 1978, but remained locked in a 5-year contract, which prevented him from working elsewhere. He returned to work in 1980 and struck a deal with Warner Bros. Records to create Geffen Records, profits were split 50/50 between Geffen and the respective distributors. Geffen Records first artist was disco superstar Donna Summer, whose gold-selling album The Wanderer became the labels first release in 1980, the label followed it up with Double Fantasy by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. It was Lennons first new album since 1975, two weeks after it entered the charts, Lennon was murdered in New York City. As the 1980s progressed, Geffen would go on to have success with acts as Kylie Minogue, Enya, Quarterflash, Oxo, Asia, Wang Chung. This prompted Geffen to create a label, DGC Records in 1990. Geffen also distributed the first incarnation of Def American Recordings through Warner Bros. from 1988 to 1990, after a decade of operating through Warner, when its contract with the company expired, the label was sold to MCA Music Entertainment in 1990. The deal ultimately earned David Geffen an estimated US$800 million in stock, following the sale, Geffen Records operated as one of MCAs leading independently managed labels. Geffen Records would distribute releases on the new operations DreamWorks Records subsidiary, Universal Music Group acquired PolyGram in 1999, resulting in a corporate reorganization of labels. Geffen Records, along with A&M Records, was merged into Interscope Records. Although Geffen would continue to exist as a brand, it was downsized to fit into the expansion of Interscope. At the same time, international distribution of Interscope and Geffen releases switched to ex-PolyGram label Polydor Records, meanwhile, DreamWorks Records also folded, with artists such as Nelly Furtado, Lifehouse and Rufus Wainwright being absorbed by Geffen as well. During this time, DGC Records was also folded into Geffen, at the end of 2007, however, Geffen was absorbed further into Interscope, laying off sixty employees. In 2009, it was announced that Geffen Records had signed an agreement with the Holy See to produce an album of Marian songs, jimmy Iovine relaunched the Geffen imprint in 2011, moving its headquarters from California to New York City
Geffen Records
–
Geffen Records
33.
Nirvana (band)
–
Nirvana was an American rock band formed by singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic in Aberdeen, Washington, in 1987. Nirvana went through a succession of drummers, the longest-lasting being Dave Grohl, despite releasing only three full-length studio albums in their seven-year career, Nirvana has come to be regarded as one of the most influential and important alternative bands in history. Though the band dissolved in 1994 after the suicide of Cobain, their music maintains a following and continues to influence modern rock. In the late 1980s, Nirvana established itself as part of the Seattle grunge scene, releasing its first album, Bleach and they developed a sound that relied on dynamic contrasts, often between quiet verses and loud, heavy choruses. After signing to major label DGC Records, Nirvana found unexpected success with Smells Like Teen Spirit, Nirvanas third studio album, In Utero, released to critical acclaim, featured an abrasive, less mainstream sound and challenged the groups audience. Nirvanas active career ended following the death of Cobain in 1994, but various posthumous releases have been issued since, overseen by Novoselic, Grohl, and Cobains widow Courtney Love. Since its debut, the band has sold over 25 million records in the United States alone, Nirvana was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014, in its first year of eligibility. Cobain and Novoselic met while attending Aberdeen High, although they never connected, the pair eventually became friends while frequenting the practice space of the Melvins. Cobain wanted to form a band with Novoselic, but Novoselic did not respond for a period of time. In persuading Novoselic to form a band, Cobain gave him a tape of his project Fecal Matter. Three years after the two first met, Novoselic notified Cobain that he had listened to the Fecal Matter demo. The pair recruited Bob McFadden on drums, but after a month the project fell apart, in early 1987, Cobain and Novoselic recruited drummer Aaron Burckhard. The three practiced material from Cobains Fecal Matter tape but started writing new material soon after forming, during its initial months, the band went through a series of names, starting with Skid Row and including Pen Cap Chew, Bliss, and Ted Ed Fred. The group finally settled on Nirvana, which Cobain said was chosen because I wanted a name that was kind of beautiful or nice and pretty instead of a mean, raunchy punk name like the Angry Samoans. With Novoselic and Cobain having moved to Tacoma and Olympia, Washington, respectively, the pair instead practiced with Dale Crover of the Melvins, and Nirvana recorded its first demos in January 1988. In early 1988, Crover moved to San Francisco but recommended Dave Foster to the band as his replacement on drums, Cobain and Novoselic put an ad in Seattle music publication The Rocket seeking a replacement drummer, which only yielded unsatisfactory responses. Meanwhile, a friend introduced them to Chad Channing. Channing continued to jam with Cobain and Novoselic, although the drummer noted, They never actually said okay, youre in, Nirvana released its first single, a cover of Shocking Blues Love Buzz, in November 1988 on the Seattle independent record label Sub Pop
Nirvana (band)
–
Nirvana performing at Pier 48,
Seattle in December 1993 for MTV's
Live and Loud show. From left to right:
Kurt Cobain,
Dave Grohl and
Krist Novoselic.
Nirvana (band)
–
Kurt Cobain (foreground) and Krist Novoselic live at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards
Nirvana (band)
–
Dave Grohl performing in 1991
Nirvana (band)
–
Announcement from the band encouraging people to participate in the making of the music video for "Smells Like Teen Spirit"
34.
Beautiful Son
–
Beautiful Son is a song by American alternative rock band Hole, written collectively by frontwoman Courtney Love, lead guitarist Eric Erlandson and drummer Patty Schemel. The song was released as the fourth single in April 1993 on the European label City Slang. To coincide with the lyrics, Love used a photograph of her husband, Kurt Cobain. Beautiful Son is known to have written as early as 1992, around the time of Courtney Love. Love stated that the process was an attempt to be a little dumber. It wasnt super smart but it sounded good and thats when I started learning things dont have to have lots and lots of notes and that the best songs are carried by simple lines and simple melodies. The assigned producer was Jack Endino, who had recorded Nirvanas debut album Bleach at the same four years prior. Incidentally, Cobain was due to partake in the sessions, mainly taking on duties, however, seeing as he arrived only on the last day. Contrary to popular belief, temporary bassist Leslie Hardy did not play bass at this session, Endino played bass on Beautiful Son, and Love played bass on 20 Years in the Dakota. Endino described the atmosphere of the session as quite negative and that it was really strange, Erlandson then tried to record it in a different style, but Love demanded this is how it should sound. The band left before midnight on November 10, before the band left, Endino recorded the bass parts to Beautiful Son, then Love recorded the final bass track to 20 Years In The Dakota. Between us we had the bass done in about a half-hour, noted Endino, due to Loves intentions to compose a song with simple melodies, her initial guitar riff was developed further by Eric Erlandson and Patty Schemel. The final riff consists of three main chords which is used for both the verses and choruses of the song. An underlying riff of the chords, played in a higher tuning, is heard in the studio recording of the song. During the chorus, the riff is highly distorted as opposed to its thin-sounding lead during the verse and this alternating quiet-loud dynamic is typical of grunge music, such as Nirvanas Smells Like Teen Spirit, which Erlandson drew comparisons to during the recording sessions. During the songs bridge, the song again quiets down and uses a series of notes performed on the D and G strings before a solo by Erlandson. Love is reported to have written the lyrics of Beautiful Son about Kurt Cobains crossdressing as a child, the singles front cover compliments this as it features a photograph of a young Cobain, at the age of around 7, surrounded by gift bows designed by Love. The friends in the lyrics who clean the mess are usually seen as a reference to Krist Novoselic and Dave Grohl, other members of Nirvana
Beautiful Son
–
"Beautiful Son"
35.
Seattle
–
Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents as of 2015, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the major city in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, about 100 miles south of the Canada–United States border, a major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, the settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852, after Chief Siahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Logging was Seattles first major industry, but by the late-19th century, growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, in 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District, the jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge, archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay, the first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party, members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28,1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, after a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, david Swinson Doc Maynard, one of the founders of Duwamps, was the primary advocate to name the settlement after Chief Sealth of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. The name Seattle appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23,1853, in 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14,1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of managing the city
Seattle
–
Downtown Seattle from
Queen Anne Hill
Seattle
–
Seal
Seattle
–
The
Battle of Seattle (1856)
Seattle
–
Seattle's first
streetcar, at the corner of Occidental and Yesler, 1884. All of the buildings visible in this picture were destroyed by fire five years later.
36.
Jack Endino
–
Jack Endino is an American producer and musician based in Seattle, United States. Long associated with Seattle label Sub Pop and the movement, Endino worked on seminal albums from bands such as Mudhoney, Soundgarden. Endino was also the guitarist for the Seattle band Skin Yard which was active between 1985 and 1992, Endino has maintained a down-to-earth and humorous website since 1997, and currently manages a studio in Seattle called Soundhouse Recording. In 1985, Endino and Daniel House started the influential grunge band Skin Yard, though originally a drummer, Endino played guitar and Matt Cameron played drums until he left for Soundgarden. In 1986, Skin Yard contributed two songs to C/Z Records legendary grunge compilation Deep Six, the album did well in the underground, and after the success of 1991s Nevermind it went platinum. After Reciprocal Recording closed in July 1991, Endino continued as a producer and engineer. He appeared in the 1996 grunge documentary Hype. where hes humorously referred to as the godfather of grunge, Endino was also interviewed at length for the 2009 book, Grunge is Dead, The Oral History of Seattle Rock Music. Endino mastered or produced nearly every album by The Grannies and he continues to work with influential underground bands, and in 2007 he recorded an album with the proto-grunge band Flipper. Other projects have included the bands High on Fire, Windhand, Hot Hot Heat, Toxic Holocaust, Lucid Nation, internationally, Endino is well known for his work with the Brazilian super-band Titãs, who he’s recorded since 1993. He also produced three albums by the Mexican grunge-like band Guillotina, two albums by the British rockers Winnebago Deal, and worked with Irish band Therapy. Iron Maiden singer Bruce Dickinson, French punk rockers Burning Heads, the Australian band Spiderbait, Endino released his first solo album, Angle of Attack, in 1989. Skin Yard disbanded in 1992, and he released a solo album, Endinos Earthworm. In October 2005 he released his solo album, Permanent Fatal Error. He is currently second guitarist in the band Kandi Coded, which also features Volcom snowboarding pro Jamie Lynn and he also plays bass in Seattle band, Slippage. In March 2013, Fin Records released Endinos EP, Rumble featuring a cover of the April 1958 single, Rumble by Link Wray & His Ray Men, official website Full discography with notes and album covers Myspace Soundhouse Recording official website Jack Endino Interview on RocknRollDating. com
Jack Endino
–
Jack Endino, 2014
37.
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
–
Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. The metropolis is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazils third-most populous state. Part of the city has designated as a World Heritage Site, named Rio de Janeiro. Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, later, in 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil, a state of the Portuguese Empire. Rio stayed the capital of the pluricontinental Lusitanian monarchy until 1822 and this is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonising country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies. Rio de Janeiro has the second largest municipal GDP in the country, the home of many universities and institutes, it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific output according to 2005 data. The Maracanã Stadium held the finals of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, the city is divided into 33 administrative regions. Europeans first encountered Guanabara Bay on 1 January 1502, by a Portuguese expedition under explorer Gaspar de Lemos captain of a ship in Pedro Álvares Cabrals fleet, allegedly the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci participated as observer at the invitation of King Manuel I in the same expedition. The region of Rio was inhabited by the Tupi, Puri, Botocudo, in 1555, one of the islands of Guanabara Bay, now called Villegagnon Island, was occupied by 500 French colonists under the French admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon. Consequently, Villegagnon built Fort Coligny on the island when attempting to establish the France Antarctique colony, Rio de Janeiro was the name of Guanabara Bay. Until early in the 18th century, the city was threatened or invaded by several, mostly French, pirates and buccaneers, such as Jean-François Duclerc, on 27 January 1763, the colonial administration in Portuguese America was moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. The kingdoms capital was transferred to the city, which, thus, as there was no physical space or urban structure to accommodate hundreds of noblemen who arrived suddenly, many inhabitants were simply evicted from their homes. The first printed newspaper in Brazil, the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, from the colonial period until the first independent decades, Rio de Janeiro was a city of slaves. There was an influx of African slaves to Rio de Janeiro, in 1819. In 1840, the number of slaves reached 220,000 people, the Port of Rio de Janeiro was the largest port of slaves in America. As a political center of the country, Rio concentrated the political-partisan life of the Empire and it was the main stage of the abolitionist and republican movements in the last half of the 19th century. Rio continued as the capital of Brazil after 1889, when the monarchy was replaced by a republic, until the early years of the 20th century, the city was largely limited to the neighbourhood now known as the historic city centre, on the mouth of Guanabara Bay. Expansion of the city to the north and south was facilitated by the consolidation and electrification of Rios streetcar transit system after 1905, though many thought that it was just campaign rhetoric, Kubitschek managed to have Brasília built, at great cost, by 1960
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
–
From the top, left to right:
Christ the Redeemer, Botafogo's cove,
Rio Downtown,
Rio–Niterói bridge,
Maracanã Stadium, and panoramic view of
Barra da Tijuca from
Pedra da Gávea
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
–
Founding of Rio de Janeiro in 1565.
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
–
View of Rio de Janeiro from the church of the monastery of
São Bento, c. 1825.
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
–
Botafogo Bay in 1869.
38.
Craig Montgomery
–
Craig Montgomery is a fictional character on the CBS soap opera As the World Turns. He has been portrayed by Scott Bryce from 1982 to 1988 and 2007 to 2008, Hunt Block from 2000 to 2005, Jeffrey Meek from 2006 to 2007, the role of Craig Montgomery has been played by four separate actors through the characters run. Scott Bryce appeared in the role from January 1982 to May 22,1987, May 9,1988 to November 1989, March 1990 to November 1990, March 1993 to December 1994 and April 10,2007 to February 21,2008. Hunt Block was the actor to play the character from July 19,2000 to October 31. Jon Lindstrom was the last actor to play the character frm December 3,2008 to September 10,2010, the series was intended to become a cable television show until it was broadcast on the Internet. Block is also known for his roles including Ben Warren on CBS Guiding Light, Lee Ramsey on One Life to Live. Following his exit, he appeared in the 2010 feature film Salt. Meek has had a career all throughout television including The WB series Charmed, Lindstrom took over the role after the exit of Bryce. He is a veteran of daytime dramas, having most notably played the character of Kevin Collins on ABCs General Hospital from 1993-1997 and 2004 and he also played Kevins twin brother Ryan Chamberlain on GH from 1992-1995. His other daytime roles include Brady Chapin on Rituals in 1984, Mark McCormick on NBCs Santa Barbara from 1985-1986, lindstom was also nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series for his role on ATWT in 2010. Lindstrom was also pre-nominated for the award in 2011, the actor also appeared on the CBS series Blue Bloods in 2011 released a CD with his band The High Lonesome that same year. Craig Montgomery is the son of Bart Montgomery and Lyla Crawford, making him the brother of Margo Montgomery Hughes, Cricket Montgomery and his relationships often surround Lucinda Walsh and her daughter Sierra Esteban. Craig is often involved in business dealings and his attempts for power tended to cloud his judgement when it came to what was best for his family. He was also married to Betsy Stewart, Barbara Ryan, Rosanna Cabot, whom he adopted their son Cabot Sinclair with and his children also include Gabriel Caras and Johnny Montgomery, products of affairs with Lydia Caras and Jennifer Munson
Craig Montgomery
–
Jon Lindstrom as Craig Montgomery
39.
In Utero (album)
–
In Utero is the third and final studio album by American rock band Nirvana, released on September 21,1993, by DGC Records. Nirvana intended the record to diverge significantly from the production of its previous album. To capture a more abrasive and natural sound, the group hired engineer Steve Albini to record In Utero during a period in February 1993 at Pachyderm Studio in Cannon Falls. Soon after recording was completed, rumors circulated in the press that DGC might not release the album in its original state, although Nirvana publicly denied the statements, the band opted to remix parts of the album. Albini declined to alter the album further, and ultimately the band hired R. E. M. producer Scott Litt to make changes to the albums sound and remix the singles Heart-Shaped Box. Upon release, In Utero entered the Billboard 200 chart at number one, the record has been certified five times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, and has sold 15 million copies worldwide. Nirvana broke into the mainstream with its major-label debut album Nevermind in 1991. DGC had hoped to have a new album by the ready for a late-1992 holiday season release, since work on it proceeded slowly. In a Melody Maker interview published in July 1992, Cobain told the English journalist Everett True he was interested in recording with Jack Endino, Cobain said he would then choose the best material from the sessions for inclusion on the groups next album. In October 1992, Nirvana recorded several songs during a session with Endino in Seattle. Endino recalled that the band did not ask him to produce its next record, the group recorded another set of demos while on tour in Brazil in January 1993. One of the recordings from this session, the long improvisational track Gallons of Rubbing Alcohol Flow Through the Strip, was included as a track on non-US copies of In Utero. Nirvana ultimately chose Albini to record its third album, Albini had a reputation as a principled and opinionated individual in the American independent music scene. Months before the trio had even approached Albini about the recording, Albini sent a disclaimer to the British music press denying involvement, only to get a call from Nirvanas management a few days later about the project. Although he considered the group to be R. E. M, before the start of recording sessions, the band sent Albini a tape of the demos it had made in Brazil. In return, Albini sent Cobain a copy of the PJ Harvey album Rid of Me to give him an idea of the acoustics at the studio where they would record, the members of Nirvana and Albini decided on a self-imposed two-week deadline for recording the album. Wary of interference by DGC, Albini suggested the band pay for the sessions with their own money. Studio fees totaled US$24,000, while Albini took a flat fee of $100,000 for his services
In Utero (album)
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In Utero
In Utero (album)
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Producer and musician
Steve Albini was enlisted by the band to take its sound in a new direction for In Utero.
In Utero (album)
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A sign welcomes visitors to the secluded location of Pachyderm Studios (now Seedy Underbelly North), where Nirvana stayed in virtual solitude while recording the album
In Utero (album)
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Famous audio mastering technician Bob Ludwig (pictured in 2008) was recruited to help make the album sound acceptable to DGC Records
40.
Cellist
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The cello or violoncello is a bowed or plucked string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. The strings from low to high are generally tuned to C2, G2, D3 and A3 and it is a member of the violin family of musical instruments, which also includes the violin and viola and the double bass. The cello is used as a musical instrument, as well as in chamber music ensembles, string orchestras, as a member of the string section of symphony orchestras. It is the second-largest and second lowest bowed string instrument in the symphony orchestra. Cello parts are written in the bass clef, but both tenor clef and treble clefs are used for higher-range parts, both in orchestral/chamber music parts and in solo cello works. A person who plays the cello is called a cellist or violoncellist, in a small Classical ensemble, such as a string quartet, the cello typically plays the bass part, the lowest-pitched musical line of the piece. In orchestra, in Baroque era and Classical music period, the cello plays the bass part. In Baroque era music, the cello is used to play the basso continuo bassline, in a Baroque performance, the cello player might be joined by other bass instruments, playing double bass, viol or other low-register instruments. The name cello is a contraction of the Italian violoncello, which means little violone, in modern symphony orchestras, it is the second largest stringed instrument. Thus, the name contained both the augmentative -one and the diminutive -cello. By the turn of the 20th century, it had become common to shorten the name to cello and it is now customary to use cello without apostrophe as the full designation. Viol is derived from the viola, which was derived from Medieval Latin vitula. Cellos are tuned in fifths, starting with C2, followed by G2, D3 and it is tuned in the same intervals as the viola, but an octave lower. Unlike the violin or viola but similar to the double bass, the cello is most closely associated with European classical music, and has been described as the closest sounding instrument to the human voice. The instrument is a part of the orchestra, as part of the string section. A large number of concertos and sonatas have been written for the cello, among the most well-known Baroque works for the cello are Johann Sebastian Bachs six unaccompanied Suites. The Prelude from the First Suite is particularly famous, romantic era repertoire includes the Robert Schumann Concerto, the Antonín Dvořák Concerto as well as the two sonatas and the Double Concerto by Johannes Brahms. The cello is increasingly common in traditional music, especially Scottish fiddle music
Cellist
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Cello close-up
Cellist
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Cello, front and side view. The endpin at the bottom is retracted or removed for easier storage and transportation, and adjusted for height in accordance to the player.
Cellist
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A baroque cello strung with gut strings. Note the absence of fine-tuning pins on the tailpiece.
Cellist
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The cello section of the Orchestra of the Munich University of Applied Sciences is shown here.
41.
The Smashing Pumpkins
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The Smashing Pumpkins are an American alternative rock band from Chicago, Illinois, formed in 1988. Formed by frontman Billy Corgan and James Iha, the band included Darcy Wretzky and it has undergone many line-up changes over the course of its existence, with the current lineup being Corgan and rhythm guitarist Jeff Schroeder. The Smashing Pumpkins broke into the mainstream with their second album. The group built its audience with extensive touring and their 1995 follow-up, the double album Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness, with 20 million albums sold in the United States alone, The Smashing Pumpkins were one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed bands of the 1990s. However, internal fighting, drug use, and diminishing record sales led to a 2000 break-up, in 2006, Corgan and Chamberlin reconvened to record a new Smashing Pumpkins album, Zeitgeist. After touring throughout 2007 and 2008 with a lineup including new guitarist Jeff Schroeder, by mid-2016, Corgan stated that they were considering reforming the bands original lineup, though no concrete plans have been revealed. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha, adorning themselves with paisley and other psychedelic trappings, the two began writing songs together that were heavily influenced by The Cure and New Order. The duo performed live for the first time on July 9,1988 at the Polish bar Chicago 21 and this performance included only Corgan on bass and Iha on guitar with a drum machine. Shortly thereafter, Corgan met Darcy Wretzky after a show by the Dan Reed Network where they argued the merits of the band, after finding out Wretzky played bass guitar, Corgan recruited her into the lineup and the now-trio played a show at the Avalon Nightclub. After this show, Cabaret Metro owner Joe Shanahan agreed to book the band on the condition that they replace the machine with a live drummer. Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was recommended by a friend of Corgans, Chamberlin knew little of alternative music and immediately changed the sound of the nascent band. As Corgan recalled of the period, We were completely into the sad-rock and it took about two or three practices before I realized that the power in his playing was something that enabled us to rock harder than we could ever have imagined. On October 5,1988, the band took the stage for the first time at the Cabaret Metro. In 1989, The Smashing Pumpkins made their first appearance on record with the compilation album Light Into Dark, the group released its first single, I Am One, in 1990 on local Chicago label Limited Potential. The single sold out and they released a follow-up, Tristessa, on Sub Pop, the band recorded their 1991 debut studio album Gish with producer Butch Vig at his Smart Studios in Madison, Wisconsin for $20,000. In order to gain the consistency he desired, Corgan often played all instruments excluding drums, the music fused heavy metal guitars, psychedelia, and dream pop, garnering them comparisons to Janes Addiction. Gish became a success, with the single Rhinoceros receiving some airplay on modern rock radio. After releasing the Lull EP in October 1991 on Caroline Records, the band signed with Virgin Records
The Smashing Pumpkins
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2012 line-up of The Smashing Pumpkins (left to right): Nicole Fiorentino, Billy Corgan, and Jeff Schroeder (Mike Byrne is obscured at the drums) performing at Chaifetz Arena in St Louis, Missouri, on October 18, 2012
The Smashing Pumpkins
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Billy Corgan onstage during the Mellon Collie tour, featuring a shaved head and his iconic "Zero" shirt
The Smashing Pumpkins
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The Smashing Pumpkins on May 24, 2007, at
den Atelier, Luxembourg. Left to right:
Ginger Reyes, Billy Corgan, Jimmy Chamberlin (back),
Jeff Schroeder.
The Smashing Pumpkins
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Corgan and Jeff Schroeder onstage
42.
Siamese Dream
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Siamese Dream is the second studio album by American rock band The Smashing Pumpkins, released on July 27,1993 on Virgin Records. The album fused diverse influences such as shoegazing, dream pop, heavy metal, four singles were released in support of Siamese Dream, Cherub Rock, Today, Disarm, and Rocket. In addition to receiving positive reviews upon its release, Siamese Dream has widely been regarded as one of the best albums of the 1990s. In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine ranked it number 362 on their 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list, the bands debut album, Gish, was released on Caroline Records in 1991 to unexpected success and acclaim. After the release of Nirvanas Nevermind later that year, The Smashing Pumpkins were hyped as the next Nirvana, the band was signed to Caroline Records parent Virgin Records and began recording a follow-up album. Frontman Billy Corgan felt this pressure to make the next album set the world on fire. Siamese Dream was recorded mainly between December 1992 and March 1993, the band relocated to Triclops Studios in Marietta, Georgia for the album sessions, so they could avoid local friends and distractions, and to cut Chamberlin off from his known drug connections. Butch Vig reprised his role as producer after working on their debut album Gish, after he suffered a nervous breakdown, Corgan began visiting a therapist. Consequently, his lyrics became more explicit about his troubled past, Today was the first song written by Corgan for Siamese Dream. He played the demo to Vig, and received a positive reaction. Soon afterward, executives from Virgin Records came to observe the band after hearing about their problems, the reaction from the executives only served to put more stress on Corgan. Corgans desire for musical perfection put further strain on the relationships between the band members. Vig later recalled, Darcy would lock herself in the bathroom, James wouldnt say anything, Corgan often overdubbed Ihas and Wretzkys parts with his own playing. Wretzky stated that Corgan only performed most of the guitar and bass parts because he could lay them down in recording easier, stories of the albums recording had circulated in the music press. Corgan admitted there was truth to accusations of tyrannical behavior. While Chamberlin performed all drum parts on the album, he would disappear for days on drug benders that caused everyone to fear for his life, due to Corgans urging, Chamberlin checked into a rehab clinic. Corgan told Spin later that year, You know, I gave them a year, im surrounded by these people who I care about very much, yet they continue to keep failing me. But I took it as, Youre not worth going home, meanwhile, Corgan was also going through his own problems
Siamese Dream
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Siamese Dream
Siamese Dream
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2011 reissue cover
43.
Jam session
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A jam session is a relatively informal musical event, process, or activity where musicians, typically instrumentalists, play improvised solos and vamp on tunes, songs and chord progressions. To jam is to music without extensive preparation or predefined arrangements. Original jam sessions, also free flow sessions, are used by musicians to develop new material. Both styles can be used simply as a gathering and communal practice session. Jam sessions may be based upon existing songs or forms, may be based on an agreed chord progression or chart suggested by one participant. When Bing Crosby would attend these sessions, the musicians would say he was jammin the beat, since he would clap on the one, thus these sessions became known as jam sessions. The New York scene during World War II was famous for its after-hours jam sessions, one of the most famous was the regular after-hours jam at Mintons Playhouse in New York City that ran in the 1940s and early 1950s. The Mintons jams had competitive cutting contests, in which soloists would try to keep up with the house band and outdo each other in improvisational skill. During the 1950s these descargas became the basis of a new genre of improvised jams based on the son montuno with notable jazz influences pioneered by the likes of Julio Gutiérrez and Cachao. During the 1960s, descargas played an important role in the development of salsa, however, they can be shorter on the recorded version. Some notable recorded jams and jam-inspired performances in the idiom, Led Zeppelin live shows almost always contained extended, improvised solos. Notable examples include Dazed and Confused from both The Song Remains the Same and How the West Was Won both include 3 way jamming for up to 20 minutes. As a result of this jam, guitarist Duane Allman was invited to join the Dominos after having recorded three songs, and he made a major contribution to the resulting LP. The soundtrack for Tonite Lets All Make Love in London features 2 improvised jams titled Interstellar Overdrive, the latter is complete improvisation around the beat of the drums provided by drummer Nick Mason. The farewell Last Waltz concerts led by The Band in 1976 included two late-night jam sessions featuring Neil Young, Ronnie Wood, Eric Clapton, Ringo Starr and others along with members of The Band. These performances were not included in the film or original recordings of the officially released for the first time as part of a 2002 box set. The third disc of George Harrisons 1970 solo album All Things Must Pass, titled Apple Jam, the Velvet Undergrounds Sister Ray, Some Kinda Love and Foggy Notion, had extensive live versions. Nirvanas improvised hidden track Gallons of Rubbing Alcohol Flow Through the Strip from the album In Utero, bluesbreaker by Brian May and Friends recorded during the Star Fleet Project and featuring Eddie Van Halen, Phil Chen, Alan Gratzer and Fred Mandel
Jam session
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Phish is an example of a "jam band".
Jam session
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Bluegrass pickin'.
44.
Crystal meth
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Methamphetamine is a strong central nervous system stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity. Methamphetamine was discovered in 1893 and exists as two enantiomers, levo-methamphetamine and dextro-methamphetamine, Methamphetamine properly refers to a specific chemical, the racemic free base, which is an equal mixture of levomethamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine in their pure amine forms. Dextromethamphetamine is a much stronger CNS stimulant than levomethamphetamine, both methamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine are illicitly trafficked and sold owing to their potential for recreational use. Levomethamphetamine is available as a drug for use as an inhaled nasal decongestant in the United States. While dextromethamphetamine is a potent drug, racemic methamphetamine is sometimes illicitly produced due to the relative ease of synthesis. In low doses, methamphetamine can elevate mood, increase alertness, concentration and energy in fatigued individuals, at higher doses, it can induce psychosis, breakdown of skeletal muscle, seizures and bleeding in the brain. Chronic high-dose use can precipitate unpredictable and rapid mood swings, prominent delusions, Methamphetamine is known to have a high addiction liability and dependence liability. Heavy recreational use of methamphetamine may lead to a post-acute-withdrawal syndrome, unlike amphetamine, methamphetamine is neurotoxic to human midbrain dopaminergic neurons. It has also shown to damage serotonin neurons in the CNS. This damage includes adverse changes in structure and function, such as reductions in grey matter volume in several brain regions. Methamphetamine belongs to the phenethylamine and substituted amphetamine chemical classes. It is related to the other dimethylphenethylamines as an isomer of these compounds. Methamphetamine is sometimes prescribed off label for narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia, in the United States, methamphetamines levorotary form is available in some over-the-counter nasal decongestant products. As methamphetamine is associated with a potential for misuse, the drug is regulated under the Controlled Substances Act and is listed under schedule II in the United States. Methamphetamine hydrochloride dispensed in the United States is required to include a warning regarding its potential for recreational misuse. Methamphetamine is often used recreationally for its effects as a potent euphoriant and stimulant as well as aphrodisiac qualities, according to a National Geographic TV documentary on methamphetamine, an entire subculture known as party and play is based around methamphetamine use. Members of this San Francisco sub-culture, which consists almost entirely of gay male methamphetamine users, due to its strong stimulant and aphrodisiac effects and inhibitory effect on ejaculation, with repeated use, these sexual encounters will sometimes occur continuously for several days on end. The crash following the use of methamphetamine in this manner is often severe
Crystal meth
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Desoxyn tablets – pharmaceutical methamphetamine hydrochloride
Crystal meth
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Methamphetamine
Crystal meth
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Crystal meth – illicit methamphetamine hydrochloride
Crystal meth
45.
Dinosaur Jr.
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Dinosaur Jr. is an American rock band formed in Amherst, Massachusetts in 1984, originally simply called Dinosaur until legal issues forced a change in name. The band was founded by J Mascis, Lou Barlow, and his replacement, Mike Johnson came aboard for three major-label albums. Murph eventually quit, with Mascis taking over duties on the bands albums before the group disbanded in 1997. The original lineup reformed in 2005, releasing four albums thereafter, Mascis and Barlow played together, on drums and guitar respectively, in the hardcore punk band Deep Wound, formed in 1982 while the pair were attending high school in western Massachusetts. After high school, they began exploring slower yet still aggressive music such as Black Sabbath, the Replacements, Mascis college friend Gerard Cosloy introduced him to psychedelic-influenced pop bands like Dream Syndicate, which Mascis in turn showed to Barlow. Barlow explained, We loved speed metal. and we loved wimpy-jangly stuff, Deep Wound broke up in mid-1984. Mascis wrote a number of songs by himself and showed them to Barlow, Barlow said the songs were fucking brilliant. They were so far beyond. I was still into two-chord songs and basic stuff like Im so sad, while I was really into my own little tragedy, J was operating in this whole other panorama. Mascis enlisted vocalist Charlie Nakajima, also formerly of Deep Wound, Mascis explained the concept behind the group as ear-bleeding country. The band was initially named Mogo, and played their first show on University of Massachusetts Amherst campus in the first week of September 1984, however, Nakajima used the performance to launch an extended anti-police tirade. Mascis was so appalled by Nakajimas behavior at the show that he disbanded the group the next day, a few days later Mascis invited Barlow and Murph to form a new band without telling Nakajima. I was kind of too wimpy to kick him out, exactly, Mascis later admitted, the trio named themselves Dinosaur, and Mascis and Barlow took over lead-vocal duties. Mascis took Cosloy up on his offer to release an album and Dinosaur recorded their album for $500 at a home studio in the woods outside Northampton. Their debut album, Dinosaur, was released in 1985, on the bands later albums, these elements would often be combined into single songs, but on the debut album, each individual song is different stylistically. All of this was delivered with the level of volume. Mascis wrote all of the songs, some of the singing was done by Mascis in his trademark nasal drawl, but the majority of the lead vocals were by Lou Barlow. Mascis would sing most or all of the vocals on all of their subsequent releases. The album did not make much of a commercially or critically
Dinosaur Jr.
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Dinosaur Jr. in Stockholm, Sweden in June 2008
Dinosaur Jr.
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Dinosaur Jr. on stage at the Manchester Ritz during the
I Bet on Sky tour, 1 February 2013
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