1.
San Leandro, California
–
San Leandro is a suburban city in Alameda County, California, United States. It is located on the shore of San Francisco Bay. The first inhabitants of the region which would eventually become San Leandro were the ancestors of the Ohlone people. The Spanish settlers called these natives Costeños or coast people and the English-speaking settlers called them Costanoans, San Leandro was first visited by Europeans on March 20,1772 by Spanish soldier Captain Pedro Fages and the Spanish Catholic priest Father Crespi. San Leandro is located on the Rancho San Leandro and Rancho San Antonio Mexican land grants, both were located along El Camino Viejo, modern 14th Street / State Route 185. The smaller, Rancho San Leandro, approximately 9,000 acres, was given to José Joaquín Estudillo in 1842, the larger, Rancho San Antonio, approximately 44,000 acres was given to another Spanish soldier Don Luis Maria Peralta in 1820. Beginning in 1855, two of Estudillos sons-in-law, John B, the city has a historic Portuguese population dating from when immigrants from the Azores and laborers from Hawaii began settling in the city in the 1880s and established farms and businesses. By the 1910 census, they had accounted for nearly two-thirds of San Leandros population, in 1856 San Leandro became the county seat of Alameda county, but the county courthouse was destroyed there by the devastating 1868 quake on the Hayward Fault. The county seat was then re-established in the town of Brooklyn, during the Civil War San Leandro and its neighbor, Brooklyn, fielded a California militia company, the Brooklyn Guard. As a result of the covenant, In 1960, the city was almost entirely white, the United States Supreme Court, in Shelley v. Kraemer, later declared such covenants unenforceable by the state. San Leandro was an 86. 4% white-non Hispanic community according in the 1970 census, the citys demographics began to diversify in the 1980s. By 2010, Asian Americans had become a plurality population in San Leandro, with one third of the population. The San Leandro Hills run above the city to the northeast, in the lower elevations of the city, an upper regionally contained aquifer is located 50 to 100 feet below the surface. At least one deeper aquifer exists approximately 250 feet below the surface, some salt water intrusion has taken place in the San Leandro Cone. Shallow groundwater generally flows to the west, from the foothills toward San Francisco Bay, shallow groundwater is contaminated in many of the locales of the lower elevation of the city. Contamination by gasoline, volatile compounds and some heavy metals has been recorded in a number of these lower elevation areas. The trace of the Hayward Fault passes under Foothill Boulevard in San Leandro, follow the link in the reference to see a series of photos of the fault cutting the asphalt between 1979 and 1987. The 2010 United States Census reported that San Leandro had a population of 84,950, the population density was 5,423.8 people per square mile
San Leandro, California
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San Leandro Marina
San Leandro, California
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Hitchhikers in San Leandro, 1940
San Leandro, California
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City Hall
San Leandro, California
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Stone circle, Children's Memorial Grove.
2.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
3.
California
–
California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
California
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A forest of redwood trees in
Redwood National Park
California
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Flag
California
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Mount Shasta
California
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Aerial view of the
California Central Valley
4.
University of California at Los Angeles
–
The University of California, Los Angeles is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, California, United States. It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 and it offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. UCLA enrolls about 31,000 undergraduate and 13,000 graduate students, and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016, including transfer applicants, the university is organized into six undergraduate colleges, seven professional schools, and four professional health science schools. Fourteen Nobel laureates, three Fields Medalists, two Chief Scientists of the U. S. Air Force and three Turing Award winners have been faculty, researchers, or alumni, the university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2015–2016 ranked UCLA 16th in the world for academics, in 2015-2016, UCLA ranked 12th in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities and 31st in the 2016/17 QS World University Rankings. UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference, the Bruins won 126 national championships, including 113 NCAA team championships, more than any other university. UCLA student-athletes, coaches and staff won 251 Olympic medals,126 gold,65 silver and 60 bronze, UCLA student-athletes competed in every Olympics since 1920 with one exception, and won a gold medal in every Olympics that the United States participated in since 1932. The State Normal School at Los Angeles opened on August 29,1882, the facility included an elementary school where teachers-in-training could practice their technique with children. That elementary school is related to the present day version, UCLA Lab School, in 1887, the school became known as the Los Angeles State Normal School. In 1914, the moved to a new campus on Vermont Avenue in East Hollywood. However, David Prescott Barrows, the new President of the University of California, the same legislation added its general undergraduate program, the College of Letters and Science. After the athletic teams entered the Pacific Coast conference in 1926, the Southern Branch student council adopted the nickname Bruins, in 1927, the Regents renamed the Southern Branch the University of California at Los Angeles. In the same year, the state broke ground in Westwood on land sold for $1 million, less than one-third its value, by real estate developers Edwin and Harold Janss, the campus in Westwood opened to students in 1929. The original four buildings were the College Library, Royce Hall, the Physics-Biology Building, the first undergraduate classes on the new campus were held in 1929 with 5,500 students. A timeline of the history can be found on its website, during its first 32 years, UCLA was treated as an off-site department of UC. As such, its presiding officer was called a provost, in 1951, UCLA was formally elevated to co-equal status with UC Berkeley, and its presiding officer Raymond B. Allen was the first chief executive to be granted the title of chancellor. The appointment of Franklin David Murphy to the position of Chancellor in 1960 helped spark an era of growth of facilities. By the end of the decade, UCLA had achieved distinction in a range of subjects
University of California at Los Angeles
–
The Los Angeles branch of
California State Normal School, 1881.
University of California at Los Angeles
–
UCLA official seal
University of California at Los Angeles
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University of California, Southern Branch's Vermont Campus, 1922.
University of California at Los Angeles
–
The Bruin statue, designed by Billy Fitzgerald, in Bruin Plaza.
5.
Beau Bridges
–
Lloyd Vernet Beau Bridges III is an American actor and director. He is a three-time Emmy, two-time Golden Globe and one-time Grammy Award winner and he is also a two-time Screen Actors Guild Award nominee. Bridges was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on April 7,2003 at 7065 Hollywood Boulevard for his contributions to the television industry and he is the elder brother of fellow actor Jeff Bridges. Bridges was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of actors Lloyd and he was nicknamed Beau by his parents after Ashley Wilkes son in Gone with the Wind. His younger brother is actor Jeff Bridges, and he has a younger sister, another brother, Garrett, died in 1948 of sudden infant death syndrome. Beau has shared a relationship with Jeff, for whom he acted as a surrogate father during childhood. He and his siblings were raised in the Holmby Hills section of Los Angeles, in 1959, he enlisted in the United States Coast Guard Reserve and served for eight years. In 1948, Bridges had a juvenile role in the iconic film Force of Evil. In the 1962–1963 television season, Bridges, along with his brother, Jeff, appeared on their fathers CBS anthology series. He appeared in television series too, including National Velvet, The Fugitive, Bonanza, Mr. Novak. In 1965, he guest-starred as Corporal Corbett in Then Came the Mighty Hunter, Season 2, Episode 3 of the military series and he found steady work in television and film throughout the 1970s and 1980s. He appeared in feature films during that time as The Other Side of the Mountain, Greased Lightning, Norma Rae, Heart Like a Wheel. In 1989, in perhaps his best known role, he starred opposite his brother Jeff as one of The Fabulous Baker Boys. In the 1993–94 television season, Bridges appeared with his father in the 15-episode CBS comedy/western series, Harts of the West, set at a dude ranch in Nevada. In 1995, Bridges starred with his father and his son Dylan in The Sandkings, in 1998, he starred as Judge Bob Gibbs in the one-season Maximum Bob on ABC. He had a role in the Showtime series Beggars and Choosers. In 2001, he guest-starred as Daniel McFarland, the stepfather of Jack McFarland and he played a single father and college professor in the fantasy adventure film, Voyage of the Unicorn, based on the novel by James C. From 2002 to 2003, he took on the role of Senator Tom Gage, newly appointed Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, in January 2005, he was cast as Major General Hank Landry, the new commander of Stargate Command in Stargate SG-1
Beau Bridges
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Bridges in 2008
Beau Bridges
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Beau Bridges on
USS Midway Museum flight deck to promote
Stargate: Continuum, July 2008
Beau Bridges
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Bridges with his father Lloyd in 1992
6.
Jeff Bridges
–
Jeffrey Leon Jeff Bridges is an American actor, singer, and producer. He comes from a prominent acting family and appeared on the television series Sea Hunt, with his father, Lloyd Bridges and brother, Beau Bridges. His other films include Tron, Jagged Edge, The Fabulous Baker Boys, The Fisher King, Fearless, The Big Lebowski, Seabiscuit, Iron Man, Tron, Legacy, jeffrey Leon Bridges was born on December 4,1949, in Los Angeles, California. He is the son of show business parents, actor Lloyd Bridges and actress and his older brother, Beau Bridges, is also an actor. He has a sister, Lucinda, and had another brother, Garrett. His maternal grandfather was an English emigrant from Liverpool, Bridges and his siblings were raised in the Holmby Hills section of Los Angeles. Growing up, Bridges shared a relationship with his brother Beau. He graduated from University High School in 1967, at age 17, Jeff toured with his father in a stage production of Anniversary Waltz. After graduating from school, Bridges moved to New York City. Also, after turning 18, Bridges joined the United States Coast Guard Reserve, Bridges made his first screen appearance at the age of almost two years in The Company She Keeps in 1951. In his youth, Bridges and brother Beau made occasional appearances on their fathers show Sea Hunt, in 1969, he played Cal Baker, a Jobs Corps crew member, in the TV series Lassie episode Success Story. In 1971, he played the lead role Mike in the TV movie In Search of America and his first major role came in the 1971 film The Last Picture Show, for which he garnered a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He co-starred in the 1972 critically acclaimed boxing film Fat City. He was nominated again for Best Supporting Actor for his performance opposite Clint Eastwood in the 1974 film Thunderbolt, in 1976, he starred as the protagonist Jack Prescott in the first remake of King Kong, opposite Jessica Lange. This film was a success, earning $90 million worldwide, more than triple its $23 million budget. One of his roles was in the 1982 science fiction film Tron, in which he played Kevin Flynn. The same year, he starred in Kiss Me Goodbye. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1984 and he was also acclaimed for his roles in the thriller Against All Odds and the crime drama Jagged Edge
Jeff Bridges
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Bridges at Comic Con 2013
Jeff Bridges
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Jeff Bridges at an event for
The Giver in 2014
Jeff Bridges
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Bridges at the premiere of
The Men Who Stare at Goats, during the
2009 Toronto International Film Festival
Jeff Bridges
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Bridges at the
2010 Independent Spirit Awards
7.
Kansas
–
Kansas /ˈkænzəs/ is a U. S. state located in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita, Kansas is named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribes name is said to mean people of the wind or people of the south wind. For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous, tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison. When it was opened to settlement by the U. S. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided. The abolitionists eventually prevailed, and on January 29,1861, after the Civil War, the population of Kansas grew rapidly when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into farmland. By 2015, Kansas was one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, corn, sorghum, and soybeans. Kansas, which has an area of 82,278 square miles is the 15th largest state by area and is the 34th most populous of the 50 United States with a population of 2,911,641, residents of Kansas are called Kansans, officially. Mount Sunflower is Kansass highest point at 4,041 feet, for a millennia, the land that is currently Kansas was inhabited by Native Americans. The first European to set foot in present-day Kansas was Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, in 1803, most of modern Kansas was secured by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Southwest Kansas, however, was still a part of Spain, Mexico, from 1812 to 1821, Kansas was part of the Missouri Territory. The Santa Fe Trail traversed Kansas from 1821 to 1880, transporting manufactured goods from Missouri and silver and furs from Santa Fe, wagon ruts from the trail are still visible in the prairie today. In 1827, Fort Leavenworth became the first permanent settlement of white Americans in the future state, the Kansas–Nebraska Act became law on May 30,1854, establishing the U. S. territories of Nebraska and Kansas, and opening the area to broader settlement by whites. Kansas Territory stretched all the way to the Continental Divide and included the sites of present-day Denver, Colorado Springs, Missouri and Arkansas sent settlers into Kansas all along its eastern border. These settlers attempted to sway votes in favor of slavery, the secondary settlement of Americans in Kansas Territory were abolitionists from Massachusetts and other Free-Staters, who attempted to stop the spread of slavery from neighboring Missouri. Directly presaging the American Civil War, these forces collided, entering into skirmishes that earned the territory the name of Bleeding Kansas, Kansas was admitted to the United States as a free state on January 29,1861, making it the 34th state to enter the Union. He was roundly condemned by both the conventional Confederate military and the partisan rangers commissioned by the Missouri legislature and his application to that body for a commission was flatly rejected due to his pre-war criminal record
Kansas
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Samuel Seymour's 1819 illustration of a
Kansa lodge and dance is the oldest drawing known to be done in Kansas.
Kansas
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Flag
Kansas
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Kanopolis State Park.
Kansas
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Flint Hills in Wabaunsee County
8.
English American
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In the 2014 American Community Survey, English Americans are of the total population. Eight out of the ten most common surnames in the United States are of English origin or having possible mixed British Isles heritage, scotch-Irish Americans are for the most part descendants of Lowland Scots and Northern English settlers who colonized Ireland during the Plantation of Ulster in the 17th century. The English were the top group, with 66% saying they were a good thing for the United States. Ben J. Wattenberg argues that this demonstrates an general American bias against Hispanics. English immigrants in the 19th century, as other groups. They began migrating in large numbers without state support, Americans of English heritage are often seen, and identify, as simply American due to the many historic cultural ties between England and the U. S. and their influence on the countrys population. While there may be reasons for this, after centuries of intermarriage and internal geographic mobility. For these reasons, no part of the pluralist American society is so difficult to describe as a separate entity as the English. The original 17th-century settlers were overwhelmingly English and it was conducted on August 2,1790. The ancestry of the 3,929,214 population in 1790 has been estimated by various sources by sampling last names in the very first United States official census and assigning them a country of origin. The estimate results indicate that people of English ancestry made up about 47. 5% of the population or 60. 9% of the European American population. Some 80. 7% of the total United States population was of European heritage, around 757,208 were of African descent with 697,624 being slaves. Of the remaining population, more than 75% was of British origin, in the 2000 census,24.5 million Americans reported English ancestry,8. 7% of the total U. S. population. This estimate is probably a serious undercount by over 30 million given that, in the 1980 census, as many as 80 million Americans may be wholly or partly of English ancestry. In 1980,23,748,772 Americans claimed wholly English ancestry, in 1860, an estimated 11 million or almost 35% of the population of the United States was wholly or primarily of English ancestry. The population has increased by almost ten times the numbers in 1860, in total, there are estimated to be around 678,000 British born expatriates in the United States with the majority of these being English. English Americans are found in numbers throughout America, particularly in the Northeast, South. Dark blue and purple colours indicate a percentage, highest in the east and west
English American
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Hildale, Utah has 66.9% of its population of English descent.
English American
English American
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Statue of
John Smith for the first English settlement in
Historic Jamestowne,
Virginia.
English American
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John Trumbull 's famous painting, Declaration of Independence. Two
Red Ensigns, one
British flag, and one
English flag can be seen upon the wall.
9.
University of California, Los Angeles
–
The University of California, Los Angeles is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, California, United States. It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 and it offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. UCLA enrolls about 31,000 undergraduate and 13,000 graduate students, and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016, including transfer applicants, the university is organized into six undergraduate colleges, seven professional schools, and four professional health science schools. Fourteen Nobel laureates, three Fields Medalists, two Chief Scientists of the U. S. Air Force and three Turing Award winners have been faculty, researchers, or alumni, the university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2015–2016 ranked UCLA 16th in the world for academics, in 2015-2016, UCLA ranked 12th in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities and 31st in the 2016/17 QS World University Rankings. UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference, the Bruins won 126 national championships, including 113 NCAA team championships, more than any other university. UCLA student-athletes, coaches and staff won 251 Olympic medals,126 gold,65 silver and 60 bronze, UCLA student-athletes competed in every Olympics since 1920 with one exception, and won a gold medal in every Olympics that the United States participated in since 1932. The State Normal School at Los Angeles opened on August 29,1882, the facility included an elementary school where teachers-in-training could practice their technique with children. That elementary school is related to the present day version, UCLA Lab School, in 1887, the school became known as the Los Angeles State Normal School. In 1914, the moved to a new campus on Vermont Avenue in East Hollywood. However, David Prescott Barrows, the new President of the University of California, the same legislation added its general undergraduate program, the College of Letters and Science. After the athletic teams entered the Pacific Coast conference in 1926, the Southern Branch student council adopted the nickname Bruins, in 1927, the Regents renamed the Southern Branch the University of California at Los Angeles. In the same year, the state broke ground in Westwood on land sold for $1 million, less than one-third its value, by real estate developers Edwin and Harold Janss, the campus in Westwood opened to students in 1929. The original four buildings were the College Library, Royce Hall, the Physics-Biology Building, the first undergraduate classes on the new campus were held in 1929 with 5,500 students. A timeline of the history can be found on its website, during its first 32 years, UCLA was treated as an off-site department of UC. As such, its presiding officer was called a provost, in 1951, UCLA was formally elevated to co-equal status with UC Berkeley, and its presiding officer Raymond B. Allen was the first chief executive to be granted the title of chancellor. The appointment of Franklin David Murphy to the position of Chancellor in 1960 helped spark an era of growth of facilities. By the end of the decade, UCLA had achieved distinction in a range of subjects
University of California, Los Angeles
–
The Los Angeles branch of
California State Normal School, 1881.
University of California, Los Angeles
–
UCLA official seal
University of California, Los Angeles
–
University of California, Southern Branch's Vermont Campus, 1922.
University of California, Los Angeles
–
The Bruin statue, designed by Billy Fitzgerald, in Bruin Plaza.
10.
Sigma Alpha Epsilon
–
Sigma Alpha Epsilon is a North American Greek-letter social college fraternity. It was founded at the University of Alabama on March 9,1856, of all existing national social fraternities today, Sigma Alpha Epsilon is the only one founded in the Antebellum South. Its national headquarters, the Levere Memorial Temple, was established on the campus of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, the fraternity has chapters and colonies in 50 states and provinces as of 2011. The creed of Sigma Alpha Epsilon, The True Gentleman, must be memorized and recited by all prospective members, New members receive a copy of The Phoenix, the manual of Sigma Alpha Epsilon, for educational development. In March 2014, the fraternity announced that it was eliminating the tradition of pledging following several alcohol, drug, Sigma Alpha Epsilon was founded on March 9,1856, at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Its founders were Noble Leslie DeVotie, Nathan Elams Cockrell, John Barratt Rudulph, John Webb Kerr, Samuel Marion Dennis, Wade Hampton Foster, Abner Edwin Patton and their leader was DeVotie, who wrote the ritual, created the grip, and chose the name. Of all existing national social fraternities today, Sigma Alpha Epsilon is the national fraternity founded in the Antebellum South. Founded in a time of intense feeling, Sigma Alpha Epsilon confined its growth to the southern states. By the end of 1857, the fraternity numbered seven chapters and its first national convention met in the summer of 1858 at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, with four of its eight chapters in attendance. By the time of the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, the fraternity had fewer than 400 members when the Civil War began. Of those,369 went to war for the Confederate States, seventy-four members of the fraternity lost their lives in the war. While many Sigma Alpha Epsilon Chapters today claim that Noble Leslie DeVotie was the first person to die in the Civil War, DeVotie lost his footing while boarding a steamer at Fort Morgan, Alabama, on February 12,1861, hit his head and drowned. His body washed ashore three days later, because Alabama had already seceded from the Union in January of that year, DeVotie is viewed by many to be the first casualty of the war. He is recognized as such by the state of Alabama, after the Civil War, only one chapter survived – at tiny Columbian College in Washington, D. C. When a few of the veterans returned to the Georgia Military Institute and found their college burned to the ground, they decided to enter the University of Georgia in Athens. The founding of a chapter there at the end of 1865, along with the re-establishment of the chapter at the University of Virginia, led to the fraternitys revival. Soon, other came back to life and, in 1867, the first post-war convention was held at Nashville, Tennessee. In the 1870s and early 1880s, more than a score of new chapters were formed, older chapters died as fast as new ones were established
Sigma Alpha Epsilon
–
The Founders of Sigma Alpha Epsilon.
Sigma Alpha Epsilon
Sigma Alpha Epsilon
–
The Levere Memorial Temple in Evanston, IL.
11.
William Shakespeare
–
William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called Englands national poet, and the Bard of Avon and his extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 38 plays,154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright, Shakespeare was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children, Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Sometime between 1585 and 1592, he began a career in London as an actor, writer. He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613, at age 49, Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories, which are regarded as some of the best work ever produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, in his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and it was prefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson, in which Shakespeare is hailed, presciently, as not of an age, but for all time. In the 20th and 21st centuries, his works have been adapted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship. His plays remain highly popular and are studied, performed. William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden and he was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised there on 26 April 1564. His actual date of birth unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April. This date, which can be traced back to an 18th-century scholars mistake, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on 23 April 1616 and he was the third child of eight and the eldest surviving son. At the age of 18, Shakespeare married 26-year-old Anne Hathaway, the consistory court of the Diocese of Worcester issued a marriage licence on 27 November 1582. The next day, two of Hathaways neighbours posted bonds guaranteeing that no lawful claims impeded the marriage, twins, son Hamnet and daughter Judith, followed almost two years later and were baptised 2 February 1585. Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11 and was buried 11 August 1596, after the birth of the twins, Shakespeare left few historical traces until he is mentioned as part of the London theatre scene in 1592. The exception is the appearance of his name in the bill of a law case before the Queens Bench court at Westminster dated Michaelmas Term 1588 and 9 October 1589
William Shakespeare
–
The
Chandos portrait, artist and authenticity unconfirmed.
National Portrait Gallery, London.
William Shakespeare
–
John Shakespeare's house, believed to be
Shakespeare's birthplace, in
Stratford-upon-Avon.
William Shakespeare
–
Shakespeare's coat of arms, as it appears on the rough draft of the application to grant a coat-of-arms to John Shakespeare. It features a spear as a
pun on the family name.
William Shakespeare
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Shakespeare's funerary monument in Stratford-upon-Avon.
12.
Othello
–
Othello is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1603. It is based on the story Un Capitano Moro by Cinthio, Roderigo is upset because he loves Desdemona and had asked her father for her hand in marriage. Iago hates Othello for promoting a younger man named Cassio above him, whom Iago considers less capable a soldier than himself, Iago convinces Roderigo to wake Brabantio and tell him about his daughters elopement. Meanwhile, Iago sneaks away to find Othello and warns him that Brabantio is coming for him. Brabantio, provoked by Roderigo, is enraged and will not rest until he has beheaded Othello, but he finds Othellos residence full of the Duke of Venices guards, who prevent violence. News has arrived in Venice that the Turks are going to attack Cyprus, Brabantio has no option but to accompany Othello to the Dukes residence, where he accuses Othello of seducing Desdemona by witchcraft. Othello defends himself before the Duke of Venice, Brabantios kinsmen Lodovico and Gratiano, Othello explains that Desdemona became enamoured of him for the sad and compelling stories he told of his life before Venice, not because of any witchcraft. Iago, still in the room, takes note of Brabantios remark, the party arrives in Cyprus to find that a storm has destroyed the Turkish fleet. Othello orders a celebration and leaves to consummate his marriage with Desdemona. In his absence, Iago gets Cassio drunk, and then persuades Roderigo to draw Cassio into a fight, Montano tries to calm an angry and drunk Cassio down, but end up fighting one another. Montano is injured in the fight, Othello reenters and questions the men as to what happened. Othello blames Cassio for the disturbance and strips him of his rank, Iago persuades Cassio to importune Desdemona to convince her husband to reinstate Cassio. Iago now persuades Othello to be suspicious of Cassio and Desdemona, when Desdemona drops a handkerchief, Emilia finds it, and gives it to her husband Iago, at his request, unaware of what he plans to do with it. Othello reenters and vows with Iago for the death of Desdemona and Cassio, after which he makes Iago his lieutenant. Act III, scene iii, is considered to be the point of the play as it is the scene in which Iago successfully sows the seeds of doubt in Othellos mind. Iago plants the handkerchief in Cassios lodgings, then tells Othello to watch Cassios reactions while Iago questions him. Iago goads Cassio on to talk about his affair with Bianca, a local courtesan, later, Bianca accuses Cassio of giving her a second-hand gift which he had received from another lover. Othello sees this, and Iago convinces him that Cassio received the handkerchief from Desdemona, enraged and hurt, Othello resolves to kill his wife and asks Iago to kill Cassio
Othello
–
The Russian actor and
theatre practitioner Constantin Stanislavski as Othello in 1896
Othello
–
Desdemona and Othello, by
Antonio Muñoz Degrain
Othello
–
Othello costume - illustration by Percy Anderson for Costume Fanciful, Historical and Theatrical, 1906
Othello
–
Painting by
William Salter of Othello weeping over Desdemona's body. Oil on canvas, ca. 1857.
13.
Columbia Pictures
–
The studio was founded in 1918 as Cohn-Brandt-Cohn Film Sales by brothers Jack and Harry Cohn and Jacks best friend Joe Brandt, released its first feature film in August 1922. It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924, and went public two years later and its name is derived from Columbia, a national personification of the United States, which is used as the studios logo. In its early years, it was a player in Hollywood. With Capra and others, Columbia became one of the homes of the screwball comedy. In the 1930s, Columbias major contract stars were Jean Arthur, in the 1940s, Rita Hayworth became the studios premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s. Rosalind Russell, Glenn Ford, and William Holden also became major stars at the studio, in 1982, the studio was purchased by The Coca-Cola Company, and launched TriStar Pictures as a joint venture with HBO and CBS. Five years later, Coca-Cola spun off Columbia, which was sold to Tri-Star, after a brief period of independence with Coca-Cola maintaining a financial interest, the combined studio was acquired by Sony in 1989. It is one of the film studios in the world. It was one of the so-called Little Three among the eight major film studios of Hollywoods Golden Age, Brandt was president of CBC Film Sales, handling sales, marketing and distribution from New York along with Jack Cohn, while Harry Cohn ran production in Hollywood. The studios early productions were short subjects, Screen Snapshots, the Hall Room Boys. The start-up CBC leased space in a Poverty Row studio on Hollywoods famously low-rent Gower Street, among Hollywoods elite, the studios small-time reputation led some to joke that CBC stood for Corned Beef and Cabbage. Brandt eventually tired of dealing with the Cohn brothers, and sold his stake to Harry Cohn. In an effort to improve its image, the Cohn brothers renamed the company Columbia Pictures Corporation on January 10,1924, Cohn remained head of production as well, thus concentrating enormous power in his hands. He would run Columbia for the next 34 years, the second-longest tenure of any studio chief, even in an industry rife with nepotism, Columbia was particularly notorious for having a number of Harry and Jacks relatives in high positions. Humorist Robert Benchley called it the Pine Tree Studio, because it has so many Cohns, Columbias product line consisted mostly of moderately budgeted features and short subjects including comedies, sports films, various serials, and cartoons. Columbia gradually moved into the production of higher-budget fare, eventually joining the tier of Hollywood studios along with United Artists. Like United Artists and Universal, Columbia was an integrated company. It controlled production and distribution, it did not own any theaters, helping Columbias climb was the arrival of an ambitious director, Frank Capra
Columbia Pictures
–
The current Columbia Pictures logo.
Columbia Pictures
–
The original CBC Film Sales logo used from 1919 through 1924
Columbia Pictures
–
Stock certificate in 1965
14.
Here Comes Mr. Jordan
–
Here Comes Mr. Jordan is a romantic comedy-fantasy film in which a boxer, mistakenly taken to Heaven before his time, is given a second chance back on Earth. It stars Robert Montgomery, Claude Rains and Evelyn Keyes, Here Comes Mr. Jordan was adapted by Sidney Buchman and Seton I. Miller from the play Heaven Can Wait, written by Harry Segall and directed by Alexander Hall. Here Comes Mr. Jordan was followed by Down to Earth, Warren Beatty remade it in 1978 as Heaven Can Wait. On 11th May 1941, Boxer and amateur pilot Joe Pendleton, affectionately known as the Flying Pug, flies his aircraft to his next fight in New York City. His soul is rescued by 7013, an angel who assumed that Joe could not have survived. Joes manager, Max Pop Corkle, has his body cremated, in the afterlife, the records show his death was a mistake, he was supposed to live for 50 more years. The angels superior, Mr. Jordan, confirms this, but since there is no more body, Mr. Jordan explains that a body is just something that is worn, like an overcoat, inside, Joe will still be himself. Joe insists that it be someone in good shape, because he wants to continue his boxing career. Joe keeps saying the body they find has to be in the pink, after Joe turns down several candidates, Mr. As Farnsworth, Joe repays all the investors, including Miss Logans father and he sends for Corkle and convinces him that he is Joe. Joe has just enough time to tell Miss Logan, with whom hes fallen in love, then he is shot by his secretary. The body is hidden, and Joe returns to a ghostly existence, accompanied by Mr. Jordan, Joe finds that his replacement in the prizefight with the champ is a clean-cut, honest fighter named Murdoch, whom Joe knows and respects. Finding that he has forgotten his lucky saxophone, Joe runs back to the Farnsworth mansion to find that everyone believes Farnsworth has disappeared, Corkle has hired a private investigator to find him. Corkle explains about Joe, Mr. Jordan and the body-switching, Joe manages to mentally nudge Corkle into turning on the radio to the fight and hears that Murdoch has collapsed without even being touched. Mr. Jordan reveals that the boxer was shot by gamblers because he refused to throw the fight, Joe takes over Murdochs body and wins the title. Back at the mansion, Corkle hears one of the radio announcers mention a saxophone hanging by the ringside, Corkle races down to the dressing room. There, Joe passes along information from Mr. Jordan that Farnsworths body is in a refrigerator in the basement of the mansion, Corkle tells the detective, who promptly has Mrs. Farnsworth and the secretary arrested. As Murdoch, Joe fires his old, crooked manager and hires Corkle, Mr. Jordan reveals to Joe that this is his destiny, he can be Murdoch and live his life
Here Comes Mr. Jordan
–
Here Comes Mr. Jordan
Here Comes Mr. Jordan
–
Mr. Jordan arranges transport of souls on an aircraft in Heaven.
15.
World War II
–
World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
World War II
–
Clockwise from top left: Chinese forces in the
Battle of Wanjialing, Australian
25-pounder guns during the
First Battle of El Alamein, German
Stuka dive bombers on the
Eastern Front in December 1943, a U.S. naval force in the
Lingayen Gulf,
Wilhelm Keitel signing the
German Instrument of Surrender, Soviet troops in the
Battle of Stalingrad
World War II
–
The
League of Nations assembly, held in
Geneva,
Switzerland, 1930
World War II
–
Adolf Hitler at a German
National Socialist political rally in
Weimar, October 1930
World War II
–
Italian soldiers recruited in 1935, on their way to fight the
Second Italo-Abyssinian War
16.
United States Coast Guard
–
The United States Coast Guard is a branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the countrys seven uniformed services. This has happened twice, in 1917, during World War I, created by Congress on 4 August 1790 at the request of Alexander Hamilton as the Revenue Marine, it is the oldest continuous seagoing service of the United States. As Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton headed the Revenue Marine, by the 1860s, the service was known as the U. S. Revenue Cutter Service and the term Revenue Marine gradually fell into disuse, the modern Coast Guard was formed by a merger of the Revenue Cutter Service and the U. S. Life-Saving Service on 28 January 1915, under the U. S. Department of the Treasury. As one of the five armed services, the Coast Guard has been involved in every U. S. war from 1790 to the Iraq War. As of 2014 the Coast Guard had over 36,000 men and women on duty,7,350 reservists,29,620 auxiliarists. In terms of size, the U. S. Coast Guard by itself is the worlds 12th largest naval force. Because of its authority, the Coast Guard can conduct military operations under the U. S. Department of Defense or directly for the President in accordance with Title 14 USC 1–3. The Coast Guards enduring roles are maritime safety, security, to carry out those roles, it has 11 statutory missions as defined in 6 U. S. C. §468, which include enforcing U. S. law in the worlds largest exclusive economic zone of 3.4 million square miles, the Coast Guards motto is the Latin phrase, Semper Paratus. In a 2005 article in Time magazine following Hurricane Katrina, the author wrote, the Coast Guards most valuable contribution to may be as a model of flexibility, and most of all, spirit. Wil Milam, a swimmer from Alaska told the magazine, In the Navy. Practicing for war, training for war, in the Coast Guard, it was, take care of our people and the mission will take care of itself. The Coast Guard carries out three basic roles, which are subdivided into eleven statutory missions. Both agencies maintain rescue coordination centers to coordinate this effort, and have responsibility for military and civilian search and rescue. The two services jointly provide instructor staff for the National Search and Rescue School that trains SAR mission planners and coordinators, previously located on Governors Island, New York, the school is now located at Coast Guard Training Center Yorktown at Yorktown, Virginia. The NRC also takes Maritime Suspicious Activity and Security Breach Reports, details on the NRC organization and specific responsibilities can be found in the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan. The Marine Information for Safety and Law Enforcement database system is managed and used by the Coast Guard for tracking pollution, the five uniformed services that make up the U. S
United States Coast Guard
–
A boatswain's mate watches from the side port door as
Coast Guard Cutter Bertholf's Over-The-Horizon small boat departs to receive personnel from Coast Guard Cutter Chandeleur in 2008.
United States Coast Guard
–
The official seal of the United States Coast Guard, adopted in December 1966.
United States Coast Guard
–
A Coast Guard
Aviation Survival Technician assisting with the rescue of a pregnant woman during
Hurricane Katrina.
United States Coast Guard
–
Search and Rescue Program Logo of the United States Coast Guard.
17.
U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary
–
The United States Coast Guard Auxiliary is the uniformed auxiliary component of the United States Coast Guard. Congress established the USCG Aux on June 23,1939, as the United States Coast Guard Reserve, on February 19,1941, it was re-designated the United States Coast Guard Auxiliary. The Auxiliary exists to support all USCG missions except roles that require law enforcement or military engagement. As of 2015, there were approximately 32,000 members of the U. S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, collectively the Auxiliary contributes over 4.5 million hours of service each year and completed nearly 500,000 missions in service to support the Coast Guard. In total the Coast Guard Auxiliary saves taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars each year, the development of the single-operator motorboat, and later the outboard engine, during the early 20th century increased the number of recreational boaters operating on federal waters. By 1939 there were more than 300,000 personal watercraft in operation, the previous year the Coast Guard had received 14,000 calls for assistance and had responded to 8,600 in-peril cases. On June 23,1939, the U. S, boat Owners organized into flotillas within Coast Guard districts around the United States. These volunteers conducted safety and security patrols and helped enforce the 1940 Federal Boating, in February 1941, congress created the United States Coast Guard Reserve and renamed the volunteer reserve as the United States Coast Guard Auxiliary. As newly constructed warships took over the load, the Coast Guard abandoned the concept, none of the two thousand civilian craft, armed with depth charges stowed awkwardly on their decks, ever sank a submarine, though they did rescue several hundred survivors of torpedoed merchant ships. Early in 1973, budget cuts forced the closing of seven Coast Guard stations on the Great Lakes, at the request of the affected communities, Congress ordered the stations to be re-opened and operated by the Auxiliary. The local division captains took responsibility for manning them and ensuring that Auxiliarists boats were available to assist distressed vessels. The Auxiliary later took over seven more stations on the Mississippi, in 1976 the Coast Guard commissioned a study of the Auxiliary by a private research firm, University Sciences Forum of Washington. In summary, they wrote, we consider the Auxiliary the greatest economical resource readily available to the COGARD and it performs in an outstanding manner and its personnel are among the most professional group of volunteers in the nation. Under legislation passed in 1996, the Auxiliarys role was expanded to members to assist in any Coast Guard mission, except direct law enforcement. As of 2004, the Coast Guard Auxiliary had 35,000 members who collectively provided 2 million man hours of service annually, on the 75th anniversary of the USCG Auxiliary, June 23,2014, the Commandant awarded another Coast Guard Unit Commendation ribbon to all Auxiliarists. A complete timeline of events for the Coast Guard Auxiliary can be found at this link The Auxiliary University Programs is a Coast Guard Auxiliary-managed initiative established in 2007. Today AUP now has nearly 200 students in 20 units representing over 30 colleges and universities across the United States, AUP prepares undergraduate and graduate students for future public service inside and outside of the Coast Guard Auxiliary. AUP provides opportunities for students to gain boating education, to learn about homeland security, Operational Auxiliary Program, is an advanced training program available to Auxiliarists
U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary
–
The U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary rescues a man from
Long Island Sound in 1967.
U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary
–
United States Coast Guard portal
U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary
–
A U.S. Coast Guard auxiliarist (right) provides English-to-Spanish translation for a member of the
Dominican Republic coast guard during Tradewinds 2013, a U.S.-led multinational military exercise in the Caribbean basin.
U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary
18.
Hollywood blacklist
–
Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the partys activities. On June 22,1950, a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published, focused on the field of broadcasting, it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of Red Fascists and their sympathizers. Soon, most of those named, along with a host of artists, were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field. A number of those blacklisted, however, were barred from work in their professions for years afterward. The Hollywood blacklist was rooted in events of the 1930s and the early 1940s, encompassing the height of the Great Depression, two major film industry strikes during the 1930s increased tensions between the Hollywood producers and the unions, particularly the Screen Writers Guild. The American Communist Party lost substantial support after the Moscow show trials of 1936–38, the U. S. government began turning its attention to the possible links between Hollywood and the party during this period. Under then chairman Martin Dies, Jr. the House Un-American Activities Committee released a report in 1938 claiming that communism was pervasive in Hollywood. Two years later, Dies privately took testimony from a former Communist Party member, John L. Leech, Dies said he would clear all those who cooperated by meeting with him in what he called executive session. Within two weeks of the grand jury leak, all those on the list except for actress Jean Muir had met with the HUAC chairman, Dies cleared everyone except actor Lionel Stander, who was fired by the movie studio, Republic Pictures, where he was contracted. In 1941, producer Walt Disney took out an ad in Variety, according to historians Larry Ceplair and Steven Englund, In actuality, the strike had resulted from Disneys overbearing paternalism, high-handedness, and insensitivity. Inspired by Disney, California State Senator Jack Tenney, chairman of the state legislatures Joint Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities, the probe fell flat, and was mocked in several Variety headlines. The subsequent wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union brought the American Communist Party newfound credibility, during the war, membership in the party reached a peak of 50,000. As World War II drew to a close, perceptions changed again, with communism increasingly becoming a focus of American fears and hatred. In 1945, Gerald L. K. Smith, founder of the neofascist America First Party, the greatest hotbed of subversive activities in the United States. Rankin promised, Were on the trail of the tarantula now, reports of Soviet repression in Eastern and Central Europe in the wars aftermath added more fuel to what became known as the Second Red Scare. Its counsel revolved around a list of ideological prohibitions, such as Dont smear the free-enterprise system, on July 29,1946, William R. Wilkerson, publisher and founder of The Hollywood Reporter, published a TradeView column entitled A Vote For Joe Stalin. In August and September 1946, Wilkerson published other columns containing names of numerous purported Communists and they became known as Billys List and Billys Blacklist. It had declared its intention to investigate whether Communist agents and sympathizers had been planting propaganda in U. S. films, the hearings opened with appearances by Walt Disney and Ronald Reagan, then president of the Screen Actors Guild
Hollywood blacklist
–
The May 7, 1948, issue of the Counterattack newsletter warned readers about a radio talk show that had recently expanded its audience by moving from the
Mutual network to
ABC: " Communist Party members and fellow-travelers have often been guests on [Arthur] Gaeth's program."
Hollywood blacklist
–
Members of the
Hollywood Ten and their families in 1950, protesting the impending incarceration of the ten
Hollywood blacklist
–
The first Hollywood movie to overtly take on
McCarthyism,
Storm Center appeared in 1956.
Bette Davis "plays a small-town librarian who refuses, on principle, to remove a book called 'The Communist Dream' from the shelves when the local council deems it subversive."
Hollywood blacklist
–
The Hollywood Ten in November 1947 waiting to be fingerprinted in the
U.S. Marshal 's office after being cited for
contempt of Congress. Front row (from left):
Herbert Biberman, attorneys Martin Popper and
Robert W. Kenny,
Albert Maltz,
Lester Cole. Middle row:
Dalton Trumbo,
John Howard Lawson,
Alvah Bessie,
Samuel Ornitz. Back row:
Ring Lardner Jr.,
Edward Dmytryk,
Adrian Scott.
19.
House Un-American Activities Committee
–
The House Un-American Activities Committee was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. The HUAC was created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of citizens, public employees. In 1969, the House changed the name to House Committee on Internal Security. When the House abolished the committee in 1975, its functions were transferred to the House Judiciary Committee, the committees anti-communist investigations are often associated with those of Joseph McCarthy who, as a U. S. Senator, had no direct involvement with this House committee. McCarthy was the chairman of the Government Operations Committee and its Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the U. S. Senate, not the House. The Overman Committee was a subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary chaired by North Carolina Democratic Senator Lee Slater Overman that operated from September 1918 to June 1919, the subcommittee investigated German as well as Bolshevik elements in the United States. This committee was concerned with investigating pro-German sentiments in the American liquor industry. Among the committees targets were the American Civil Liberties Union and communist presidential candidate William Z. Foster, the committee was widely known as the McCormack-Dickstein committee. Its records are held by the National Archives and Records Administration as records related to HUAC, the committee investigated allegations of a fascist plot to seize the White House, known as the business plot. Although the plot was reported as a hoax, the committee confirmed some details of the accusations. It is unclear whether he passed on any information. It was chaired by Martin Dies, Jr. and therefore known as the Dies Committee, in 1938, Hallie Flanagan, the head of the Federal Theatre Project, was subpoenaed to appear before the committee to answer the charge the project was overrun with communists. Flanagan was called to testify for only a part of one day, in 1939, the committee investigated leaders of the American Youth Congress, a Communist International affiliate organization. The committee also put together an argument for the internment of Japanese Americans known as the Yellow Report, a number of anti-WRA arguments were presented in subsequent hearings, but Director Dillon Myer debunked the more inflammatory claims. Twenty years later, in 1965–1966, however, the committee did conduct an investigation into Klan activities under chairman Edwin Willis, the House Committee on Un-American Activities became a standing committee in 1945. Democratic Representative Edward J. Hart of New Jersey became the committees first chairman, under this mandate, the committee focused its investigations on real and suspected communists in positions of actual or supposed influence in the United States society. A significant step for HUAC was its investigation of the charges of espionage brought against Alger Hiss in 1948 and this investigation ultimately resulted in Hisss trial and conviction for perjury, and convinced many of the usefulness of congressional committees for uncovering communist subversion. In 1947, the committee held nine days of hearings into alleged communist propaganda, after conviction on contempt of Congress charges for refusal to answer some questions posed by committee members, The Hollywood Ten were blacklisted by the industry
House Un-American Activities Committee
–
While newsmen take notes, Chairman Dies of House Committee Investigating Un-American Activities reads and proofs his letter replying to Pres. Roosevelt's attack on the Committee, Oct. 26, 1938
House Un-American Activities Committee
–
Lee Slater Overman headed the first Congressional investigation of American Communism in 1919.
House Un-American Activities Committee
–
Conservative Texas Democrat Martin Dies served as chair of the Special Committee on Un-American Activities, predecessor to the permanent committee, for its entire 7-year duration.
House Un-American Activities Committee
–
Democrat
Francis E. Walter of Pennsylvania was chair of HUAC from 1955 until his death in 1963.
20.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
–
The Federal Bureau of Investigation is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nations prime federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U. S. Department of Justice, Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U. S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, although many of the FBIs functions are unique, its activities in support of national security are comparable to those of the British MI5 and the Russian FSB. At an FBI field office, a senior-level FBI officer concurrently serves as the representative of the Director of National Intelligence. Despite its domestic focus, the FBI also maintains a significant international footprint and these overseas offices exist primarily for the purpose of coordination with foreign security services and do not usually conduct unilateral operations in the host countries. The FBI can and does at times carry out secret activities overseas, just as the CIA has a domestic function. The FBI was established in 1908 as the Bureau of Investigation and its name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1935. The FBI headquarters is the J. Edgar Hoover Building, located in Washington, in the fiscal year 2012, the Bureaus total budget was approximately $8.12 billion. In 1896, the National Bureau of Criminal Identification was founded, the 1901 assassination of President William McKinley created an urgent perception that America was under threat from anarchists. The Departments of Justice and Labor had been keeping records on anarchists for years, the Justice Department had been tasked with the regulation of interstate commerce since 1887, though it lacked the staff to do so. It had made little effort to relieve its staff shortage until the breakage of the Oregon land fraud scandal at approximately the turn of the 20th Century, President Roosevelt instructed Attorney General Charles Bonaparte to organize an autonomous investigative service that would report only to the Attorney General. Bonaparte reached out to other agencies, including the Secret Service, for personnel, on May 27,1908, the Congress forbade this use of Treasury employees by the Justice Department, citing fears that the new agency would serve as a secret police department. Again at Roosevelts urging, Bonaparte moved to organize a formal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Investigation was created on July 26,1908, after the Congress had adjourned for the summer. Attorney General Bonaparte, using Department of Justice expense funds, hired thirty-four people, including veterans of the Secret Service. Its first Chief was Stanley Finch, Bonaparte notified the Congress of these actions in December 1908. The bureaus first official task was visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution in preparation for enforcing the White Slave Traffic Act, or Mann Act, in 1932, the bureau was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau of Prohibition, in the same year, its name was officially changed from the Division of Investigation to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI. J. Edgar Hoover served as Director from 1924 to 1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, Hoover was substantially involved in most major cases and projects that the FBI handled during his tenure
Federal Bureau of Investigation
–
J. Edgar Hoover, Director from 1924 to 1972.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
–
Seal of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Federal Bureau of Investigation
–
FBI
SWAT agents in a training exercise
Federal Bureau of Investigation
–
An FBI Agent tags the
cockpit voice recorder from
EgyptAir Flight 990 on the deck of the
USS Grapple (ARS 53) at the crash site on November 13, 1999.
21.
Rocketship X-M
–
Rocketship X-M is a 1950 American black-and-white science fiction film from Lippert Pictures, the first outer space adventure of the post-World War II era. The film was produced and directed by Kurt Neumann and stars Lloyd Bridges, Osa Massen, John Emery, Noah Beery, Rocketship X-M tells the story of a Moon expedition that, through a series of unforeseen events, winds up traveling instead to distant Mars. Once on the Red Planet, its crew discovers the remnants of a Martian civilization destroyed long ago by atomic war, four men and a woman blast into outer space from the White Sands Proving Ground aboard the RX-M on humanitys first expedition to Luna. Halfway there, after surviving their jettisoned and runaway first stage, recalculating fuel ratios and swapping fuel tank positions fixes the problem. After the engines fire, RX-M rapidly careens out-of-control on a rapid heading beyond the Moon and they slowly revive much later and discover that they have traveled some 50,000,000 miles and are now on a direct heading toward Mars. Quick calculations reveal that RX-M is only 50,000 miles away, Dr. Karl Eckstrom is forced to pause and observe respectfully while something infinitely greater assumes control. RX-M passes through the Martian atmosphere and safely lands, the next morning the scientists, clad in aviation oxygen masks due to the low pressure, begin exploring the desolate surface. Their Geiger counter registers dangerous radiation levels, keeping them away, from the levels detected. Finding cave refuge, the notice in the distance the primitive descendants of that civilization emerging from behind boulders. Amazed, Dr. Eckstrom comments From Atomic Age to Stone Age, soon after leaving, two of the explorers encounter a dark-haired woman who has lost her footing and rolled down a hill toward them, she is blind, with thick, milky cataracts on both eyes. She screams upon hearing their oxygen mask-distorted voices, the radiation burned tribesmen attack, throwing large rocks and stone axes. Armed with only a revolver and a rifle, the explorers defend themselves. Dr. Eckstrom is killed by an axe, another is badly injured by a large thrown rock. The survivors finally make their way back to the RX-M, as the RX-M nears Earth, the survivors calculate that they have no fuel for a landing. Col. Graham contacts their base and reports their dire status to Dr. Fleming, Col. Col. Graham and Dr. Van Horn embrace as the RX-M begins its uncontrolled descent, consoling one another in the moments left to them. Through a porthole, they watch their rapid descent into the wilds of Nova Scotia. The press is later informed by a shaken Dr. Fleming that the crew has perished. When they ask if the mission was a failure, he responds with conviction, stating that all theories about manned spaceflight
Rocketship X-M
–
Theatrical release poster
22.
The Alcoa Hour
–
The Alcoa Hour is an American anthology television series that was aired live on NBC from 1955 to 1957. The series was sponsored by Alcoa, the three series were essentially the same, with the only real difference being the name of the sponsor. The series alternated weeks in the time slot with the Goodyear Television Playhouse until both series ended in 1957. It was the only Alcoa Hour production to be granted an original cast album recording, the Stingiest Man in Town was remade in 1978 as a Rankin-Bass animated cartoon, featuring the voice of Walter Matthau as Scrooge. The series premiere episode, The Black Wings, marked the American TV debut of Ann Todd, the show garnered press in February 1956 for actor Lloyd Bridges emotional performance in an episode titled Tragedy in a Temporary Town, directed by Sidney Lumet. During the performance, Bridges inadvertently slipped some profanity in while ad-libbing, although the slip of the lip generated hundreds of complaints, the episode won a Robert E. Sherwood Television Award, with Bridges slip being defended even by some members of the clergy. Actors appearing in the included, Alcoa Premiere Alcoa Theatre The Alcoa Hour at CVTA with episode list The Alcoa Hour at the Internet Movie Database The Alcoa Hour at TV. com
The Alcoa Hour
–
Laurence Harvey and
Diane Cilento in "The Small Servant", 1955.
23.
Sidney Lumet
–
Sidney Arthur Lumet was an American director, producer and screenwriter with over 50 films to his credit. He was nominated for the Academy Award as Best Director for 12 Angry Men, Dog Day Afternoon, Network, and The Verdict. The Encyclopedia of Hollywood states that Lumet was one of the most prolific filmmakers of the modern era and he was noted by Turner Classic Movies for his strong direction of actors, vigorous storytelling and the social realism in his best work. Film critic Roger Ebert described him as having one of the finest craftsmen. Lumet was also known as an director, having worked with the best of them during his career. Sean Connery, who acted in five of his films, considered him one of his directors. A member of the cohort of New Yorks Actors Studio, Lumet began his directorial career in Off-Broadway productions. His first movie was typical of his best work, a well-acted, tightly written, as a result of directing 12 Angry Men, he was also responsible for leading the first wave of directors who made a successful transition from TV to movies. In 2005, Lumet received an Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement for his brilliant services to screenwriters, performers, two years later, he concluded his career with the acclaimed drama Before the Devil Knows Youre Dead. A few months after Lumets death in April 2011, a celebration of his work was held at New Yorks Lincoln Center with the appearance of numerous speakers. In 2015, Nancy Buirski directed By Sidney Lumet, a documentary about his career, Lumet was born in Philadelphia to parents of Jewish descent. He studied theater acting at the Professional Childrens School of New York, Lumets parents, Baruch and Eugenia Lumet, were both veterans of the Yiddish theatre. His father, who was an actor, director, producer and writer, was a Polish Jewish emigrant to the United States who was born in Warsaw, Lumets mother, who was a dancer, died when he was a child. He made his debut on radio at age four and stage debut at the Yiddish Art Theatre at age five. As a child he appeared in many Broadway plays, including 1935s Dead End. In 1935, aged 11, he appeared in a Henry Lynn short film, Papirossen, the film was shown in a theatrical play with the same title, based on a hit song, Papirosn. The play and short film appeared in the Bronx McKinley Square Theatre, in 1939, he made his only feature-length film appearance, at age 15, in. One Third of a Nation. In 1939, World War II interrupted his acting career
Sidney Lumet
–
Lumet at 2007
Toronto International Film Festival
Sidney Lumet
Sidney Lumet
–
Lumet in the 1940 play, Journey to Jerusalem
Sidney Lumet
–
Directing a TV show in 1953
24.
Robert E. Sherwood
–
Robert Emmet Sherwood was an American playwright, editor, and screenwriter. His aunts included the notable American portrait artists Lydia Field Emmet, Jane Emmet de Glehn and his first cousin, Sherwood was educated at Fay School, Milton Academy and then Harvard University. He fought with the Royal Highlanders of Canada, CEF in Europe during World War I and was wounded, after his return to the U. S. he began working as a movie critic for such magazines as Life and Vanity Fair. The career of Robert E. Sherwood was one of the members of the Algonquin Round Table. He was close friends with Dorothy Parker and Robert Benchley, who were on the staff of Vanity Fair with Sherwood when the Round Table began meeting in 1919, author Edna Ferber was also a good friend. Sherwood stood 6 feet 8 inches tall, Dorothy Parker, who was 5 feet 4 inches, once commented that when she, Sherwood, and Robert Benchley walked down the street together, they resembled a walking pipe organ. When asked at a party how long he had known Sherwood, Benchley stood on a chair, raised his hand to the ceiling, and said, I knew Bob Sherwood back when he was only this tall. Sherwoods first Broadway play, The Road to Rome, a comedy concerning Hannibals botched invasion of Rome, introduced one of his favorite themes, many of his later dramatic works employed variations of that motif, including Idiots Delight, which won Sherwood the first of four Pulitzer Prizes. According to legend, he admitted to the gossip columnist Lucius Beebe, “The trouble with me is that I start with a big message and end up with nothing but good entertainment. ”Sherwoods Broadway success soon attracted the attention of Hollywood. While some of his work went uncredited, his films included many adaptations of his plays and he also collaborated with Alfred Hitchcock and Joan Harrison in writing the screenplay for Rebecca. With Europe in the midst of World War II, Sherwood set aside his anti-war stance to support the fight against the Third Reich. His 1940 play about Russias invasion of Finland, There Shall Be No Night, was produced by the Playwrights Company which he co-founded and starred Alfred Lunt, Lynn Fontanne, katharine Cornell produced and starred in a 1957 TV adaptation on NBC. Sherwood publicly ridiculed isolationist Charles Lindbergh as a Nazi with a Nazis Olympian contempt for all democratic processes, during this period Sherwood also served as a speechwriter for President Franklin D. Roosevelt. He recounted the experience in his book Roosevelt and Hopkins, An Intimate History, which won the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, Sherwood is credited with originating the phrase that eventually evolved to arsenal of democracy, a frequent catchphrase in Roosevelts wartime speeches. Sherwood was quoted on May 12,1940 by the New York Times, This country is already, in effect, the 1946 film, which explores changes in the lives of three servicemen after they return home from war, earned Sherwood an Academy Award for Best Screenplay. Sherwood died of an attack in New York City in 1955. A production of Small War on Murray Hill debuted at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on January 3,1957, Sherwood was portrayed by the actor Nick Cassavetes in the 1994 film Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle. The Road to Rome The Love Nest The Queens Husband, adapted into the 1931 film The Royal Bed, waterloo Bridge - adapted into two American films and two Brazilian soap-operas This is New York, adapted into the 1932 film Two Kinds of Women
Robert E. Sherwood
–
Robert E. Sherwood (early 1950s)
25.
Emmy Award
–
An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
Emmy Award
–
TV producer
Bruce Kennedy holding an Emmy
Emmy Award
–
Actress
Dana Delany holding an Emmy, 1992
Emmy Award
–
TV producer and writer
Bradley Bell accepting Daytime Emmy Awards for his work on the daytime soap opera
The Bold and the Beautiful, 2010
Emmy Award
–
Brazilian actress and TV host
Fernanda Lima holding
Rede Globo 's six medals of nominations to the International Emmys in 2012
26.
61st Academy Awards
–
During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 23 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Allan Carr, ten days earlier, in a ceremony held at the Beverly Hills Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Angie Dickinson. Rain Man won four awards, including Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman, Best Director for Barry Levinson, the telecast garnered almost 43 million viewers in the United States. The nominees for the 61st Academy Awards were announced on February 15,1989, PST, at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Richard Kahn, president of the Academy, and the actress Anne Archer. Rain Man led all nominees, with eight nominations, Dangerous Liaisons, the winners were announced at the award ceremony on March 29,1989. Best Actor winner Dustin Hoffman was the person to win the aforementioned category twice. Sigourney Weaver became the performer to receive two acting nominations in the same year. However, she became the first to lose both nominations. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with double dagger. At the time of the announcement on February 15, the combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees at the US box office was $188 million. Rain Man was the highest earner among the Best Picture nominees, the film was followed by Working Girl, The Accidental Tourist, Mississippi Burning, and finally Dangerous Liaisons. Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year,52 nominations went to 13 films, the other top 50 box office hits that earned nominations were Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Coming to America, Die Hard, Beetlejuice, and Willow. National Film Board of Canada Eastman Kodak Company Richard Williams For the animation direction of Who Framed Roger Rabbit, the following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers. In interviews with media outlets, he expressed that it was a dream come true to produce the Oscars. Notable changes were introduced in the production of the telecast, for the first time, presenters announced each winner with the phrase And the Oscar goes to. Rather than And the winner is, instead of hiring a host for the proceedings, Carr heavily relied on presenters often grouped in pairs that had some connection, either through family or the film industry. Several other people were involved in the production of the ceremony, Jeff Margolis served as director of the telecast. Lyricist and composer Marvin Hamlisch was hired as musical supervisor of the festivities, comedian and writer Bruce Vilanch was hired as a writer for the broadcast, a role he has had ever since
61st Academy Awards
–
Official poster
61st Academy Awards
–
Barry Levinson, Best Director winner
61st Academy Awards
–
Dustin Hoffman, Best Actor winner
61st Academy Awards
–
Jodie Foster, Best Actress winner
27.
The Dick Powell Show
–
The Dick Powell Show is an American anthology series that ran on NBC from 1961 to 1963, primarily sponsored by the Reynolds Metals Company. It was hosted by film star Dick Powell until his death from lung cancer on January 2,1963. The first of these hosts was Gregory Peck, who began the January 8 program with a tribute to Powell, recognizing him as a great, the series was an anthology of various dramas and comedies. It featured many stars, producers and directors early in their careers, including Aaron Spelling, William Friedkin. Blake Edwards wrote and directed a number of episodes including two featuring Robert Vaughn as an Ivy League private eye known as The Boston Terrier. The original pilot episode for Burkes Law, starring Powell as Amos Burke, appeared as the episode of this series. Dick Powells Zane Grey Theater had run on CBS in the late 1950s, the Dick Powell Show was one of the many productions of Four Star Television. The series theme, More Than Love, and the majority of musical compositions heard throughout the series, was the work of Herschel Burke Gilbert, the Dick Powell Show at the Internet Movie Database The Dick Powell Show at TV. com The Dick Powell Show at CVTA
The Dick Powell Show
–
Guest stars for the premiere episode, "Who Killed Julie Greer?". Standing, from left:
Ronald Reagan,
Nick Adams,
Lloyd Bridges,
Mickey Rooney,
Edgar Bergen,
Jack Carson,
Ralph Bellamy,
Kay Thompson,
Dean Jones. Seated, from left,
Carolyn Jones and
Dick Powell.
28.
Ronald Reagan
–
Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who was the 40th President of the United States, from 1981 to 1989. Before his presidency, he was the 33rd Governor of California, from 1967 to 1975, after a career as a Hollywood actor and union leader. Raised in a family in small towns of northern Illinois, Reagan graduated from Eureka College in 1932. After moving to Hollywood in 1937, he became an actor, Reagan was twice elected President of the Screen Actors Guild, the labor union for actors, where he worked to root out Communist influence. In the 1950s, he moved into television and was a speaker at General Electric factories. Having been a lifelong Democrat, his views changed and he became a conservative and in 1962 switched to the Republican Party. In 1964, Reagans speech, A Time for Choosing, in support of Barry Goldwaters foundering presidential campaign, Building a network of supporters, he was elected Governor of California in 1966. Entering the presidency in 1981, Reagan implemented sweeping new political, in his first term he survived an assassination attempt, spurred the War on Drugs, and fought public sector labor. During his re-election bid, Reagan campaigned on the notion that it was Morning in America, foreign affairs dominated his second term, including ending of the Cold War, the bombing of Libya, and the Iran–Contra affair. Publicly describing the Soviet Union as an empire, and during his famous speech at the Brandenburg Gate. Jack, a salesman and storyteller, was the grandson of Irish Catholic immigrants from County Tipperary, Reagan had one older brother, John Neil Reagan, who became an advertising executive. As a boy, Reagans father nicknamed his son Dutch, due to his fat little Dutchman-like appearance and Dutchboy haircut, Reagans family briefly lived in several towns and cities in Illinois, including Monmouth, Galesburg, and Chicago. In 1919, they returned to Tampico and lived above the H. C, Pitney Variety Store until finally settling in Dixon. After his election as president, residing in the upstairs White House private quarters, for the time, Reagan was unusual in his opposition to racial discrimination, and recalled a time in Dixon when the local inn would not allow black people to stay there. Reagan brought them back to his house, where his mother invited them to stay the night and have breakfast the next morning, after the closure of the Pitney Store in late 1920 and the familys move to Dixon, the midwestern small universe had a lasting impression on Reagan. Reagan attended Dixon High School, where he developed interests in acting, sports and his first job was as a lifeguard at the Rock River in Lowell Park in 1927. Over a six-year period, Reagan reportedly performed 77 rescues as a lifeguard and he attended Eureka College, a Disciples-oriented liberal arts school, where he became a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity, a cheerleader, and studied economics and sociology. While involved, the Miller Center of Public Affairs described him as an indifferent student and he majored in economics and sociology, and graduated with a C grade
Ronald Reagan
–
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan
–
Ronald Reagan (with "Dutch" haircut), his elder brother Neil, and their parents Jack and Nelle Reagan. Photograph circa 1916–17.
Ronald Reagan
–
Ronald Reagan as a teenager in
Dixon, Illinois.
Ronald Reagan
–
With wife
Jane Wyman in 1942
29.
Mickey Rooney
–
Mickey Rooney was an American actor, vaudevillian, comedian and radio personality. In a career spanning nine decades and continuing until shortly before his death, a versatile performer, he became a celebrated character actor later in his career. Laurence Olivier once said he considered Rooney the best there has ever been, clarence Brown, who directed him in two of his earliest dramatic roles, National Velvet and The Human Comedy, said he was the closest thing to a genius I ever worked with. Rooney first performed in vaudeville as a child and made his debut at the age of six. At thirteen he played Puck in the play and later the 1935 film adaptation of A Midsummer Nights Dream, critic David Thomson hailed his performance as one of cinemas most arresting pieces of magic. In 1938, he co-starred in Boys Town, at nineteen he was the first teenager to be nominated for an Oscar for his leading role in Babes in Arms, and he was awarded a special Academy Juvenile Award in 1939. At the peak of his career between the ages of 15 and 25, he made films, which made him one of MGMs most consistently successful actors. Rooney was the top box office attraction from 1939 to 1941, and one of the actors of that era. Drafted into the Army during World War II, he served two years entertaining over two million troops on stage and radio and was awarded a Bronze Star for performing in combat zones. Returning from the war in 1945, he was too old for juvenile roles but too short to be a movie star. Nevertheless, Rooneys popularity was renewed with well-received supporting roles in such as Requiem for a Heavyweight, Its a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World. In the early 1980s, he returned to Broadway in Sugar Babies, Rooney made hundreds of appearances on TV, including dramas, variety programs, and talk shows, and won an Emmy in 1964, with another Emmy plus a Golden Globe for his role in Bill. At his death, Vanity Fair called him the original Hollywood train wreck and he struggled with alcohol and pill addiction and married eight times, the first time to Ava Gardner. Despite earning millions during his career, he had to file for bankruptcy in 1962 due to mismanagement of his finances. Shortly before his death in 2014 at age 93, he alleged mistreatment by some members and testified before Congress about what he alleged was physical abuse. By the end of his life, his millions in earnings had dwindled to an estate that was valued at only $18,000 and he died owing medical bills and back taxes, and contributions were solicited from the public. His mother was a chorus girl and a burlesque performer. When Rooney was born, they were appearing in a Brooklyn production of A Gaiety Girl, Rooney later recounted in his memoirs that he began performing at the age of 17 months as part of his parents routine, wearing a specially tailored tuxedo
Mickey Rooney
–
Rooney in 1945
Mickey Rooney
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Rooney with
Judy Garland in
Love Finds Andy Hardy (1938)
Mickey Rooney
–
A scene from
Boys' Town (1938) with
Spencer Tracy
Mickey Rooney
–
Rooney entertaining American troops in Germany in April 1945
30.
Edgar Bergen
–
Edgar John Bergen was an American actor, comedian and radio performer, best known for his proficiency in ventriloquism and his characters Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd. He is also the father of actress Candice Bergen, Bergen was born in Chicago, Illinois, one of five children and the youngest of two sons of Swedish immigrants Nilla Svensdotter and Johan Henriksson Berggren. He lived on a farm near Decatur, Michigan until he was 4 when his family returned to Sweden where he learned the language and he taught himself ventriloquism from a pamphlet called The Wizards Manual when he was 11 after his family returned to Chicago. He attended Lake View High School, after his father died when he was just 16, he went out to work as an apprentice accountant, a furnace stoke, a player piano operator, and a projectionist in a silent-movie house. The famous ventriloquist Harry Lester was so impressed by Edgar that he gave the teenager almost daily lessons for three months in the fundamentals of ventriloquism. In the fall of 1919, Edgar paid Chicago woodcarver Theodore Mack $36 to sculpt a likeness of a rascally red-headed Irish newspaperboy he knew, the head went on a dummy named Charlie McCarthy, which became Bergens lifelong sidekick. He had created the body himself, using a length of broomstick for the backbone. For college he attended Northwestern University where he was enrolled in the program to please his mother. He switched to Speech & Drama but never completed his degree and he gave his first public performance at Waveland Avenue Congregational Church located on the northeast corner of Waveland and Janssen. He lived across the street from the church and he cut out an R and a G from his family name and went from Berggren to Bergen on the showbills. Between June 1922 and August 1925, he performed every summer on the professional Chautauqua circuit, Bergen had an interest in aviation, becoming a private pilot. His first performances were in vaudeville, at which point he changed his last name to the easier-to-pronounce Bergen. He worked in one-reel movie shorts, but his success was on the radio. He and Charlie were seen at a New York party by Elsa Maxwell for Noël Coward and it was there that two producers saw Bergen and Charlie perform. They then recommended them for a guest appearance on Rudy Vallées program and their initial appearance was so successful that the following year they were given regular cast rolls as part of The Chase and Sanborn Hour. Under various sponsors, they were on the air from May 9,1937 to July 1,1956, the popularity of a ventriloquist on radio, when one could see neither the dummies nor his skill, surprised and puzzled many critics, then and now. Even knowing that Bergen provided the voice, listeners perceived Charlie as a genuine person, thus, in 1947, Sam Berman caricatured Bergen and McCarthy for the networks glossy promotional book, NBC Parade of Stars, As Heard Over Your Favorite NBC Station. Bergens skill as an entertainer, especially his characterization of Charlie, Bergens success on radio was paralleled in the United Kingdom by Peter Brough and his dummy Archie Andrews
Edgar Bergen
–
Bergen with his ventriloquist dummy Charlie McCarthy in
Stage Door Canteen (1943)
Edgar Bergen
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Sam Berman 's caricature of Charlie McCarthy and Edgar Bergen for NBC's 1947 promotion book
Edgar Bergen
–
Bergen and Charlie with an NBC-produced comic book On the Air, 1947.
Edgar Bergen
–
In the film
Stage Door Canteen (1943) with Mortimer Snerd
31.
Jack Carson
–
John Elmer Jack Carson was a Canadian-born American-based film actor. Carson was one of the most popular character actors during the age of Hollywood, with a film career spanning the 1930s, 1940s. Though he was used in supporting roles for comic relief, his work in films such as Mildred Pierce. He worked for RKO and MGM, but most of his work was for Warner Brothers. His trademark character was the wisecracking know-it-all, typically and inevitably undone by his own smug cockiness and he was born in Carman, Manitoba to Elmer and Elsa Carson. In 1914, the moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which he always thought of as his home town. He attended high school at Hartford School, Milwaukee and St. Johns Military Academy, Delafield, Carson became a U. S. citizen in California in 1949. Because of his size —6 ft 2 in and 220 lb, in the midst of a performance, he tripped and took half the set with him. A college friend, Dave Willock, thought it was so funny he persuaded Carson to team with him in a vaudeville act — Willock and Carson — and a new career was born. This piece of unplanned business would be typical of the sorts of things that tended to happen to Carson in many of his film roles, during the 1930s, as vaudeville declined from increased competition from radio and the movies, Willock and Carson sought work in Hollywood. Carson initially landed bit roles at RKO Radio Pictures in films such as Bringing Up Baby, starring Cary Grant, Radio was another source of employment for the team, starting with a 1938 appearance on the Kraft Music Hall when Bing Crosby hosted the show. This led to a number of other appearances culminating in Carsons own radio show, The New Jack Carson Show, from 1950-51, Jack was one of four alternating weekly hosts of the Wednesday evening NBC Television comedy-variety show Four Star Revue. The second season was his last with the show, when it was renamed All Star Revue and his success in radio led to the start of a lucrative film career. An early standout role for Carson was as a mock-drunk undercover G-Man opposite Richard Cromwell in Universal Picturess anti-Nazi action drama entitled Enemy Agent and this led to contract-player status with Warner Brothers shortly thereafter. While there, he was teamed with Dennis Morgan in a number of films, most of his work at Warner Brothers was limited to light comedy work with Morgan, and later Doris Day. Critics generally agree that Carsons best work was in Mildred Pierce, also in 1945, he played the role of Harold Pierson, the second husband of Louise Randall, played by Rosalind Russell, in Roughly Speaking. Another role which won accolades for him was as publicist Matt Libby in A Star is Born, one of his last film roles was as the older brother Gooper in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. His TV pilot, Kentucky Kid, was under consideration as a series for NBC
Jack Carson
–
from the trailer for the film
The Hard Way (1943).
Jack Carson
–
As "Gooper," with
Judith Anderson as "Big Momma" in
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958).
32.
Ralph Bellamy
–
Ralph Rexford Bellamy was an American actor whose career spanned 62 years on stage, screen and television. During his career, he played leading roles as well as supporting roles, garnering acclaim and awards, ralph Rexford Bellamy was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was the son of Lilla Louise, a native of Canada and he ran away from home when he was 15 and managed to get into a road show. He toured with road shows before landing in New York City. He began acting on stage there and by 1927 owned his own theater company, in 1931, he made his film debut and worked constantly throughout the decade both as a lead and as a capable supporting actor. He co-starred in five films with Fay Wray and his film career began with The Secret Six starring Wallace Beery and featuring Jean Harlow and Clark Gable. By the end of 1933, he had appeared in 22 movies, most notably Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm. He played in seven films in 1934 alone, including Woman in the Dark, based on a Dashiell Hammett story, in which Bellamy played the lead. He portrayed detective Ellery Queen in a few films during the 1940s, but as his career did not progress, he returned to the stage. Bellamy appeared in movies during this time, including Dance, Girl, Dance with Maureen OHara and Lucille Ball. The lead role was taken by Frank Lovejoy in 1956, who starred in NBCs Meet McGraw detective series. Bellamy appeared on television in numerous roles over the following years and he was a regular panelist on the CBS television game show To Tell the Truth during its initial run. Bellamy starred as Willard Mitchell, along with Patricia Breslin and Paul Fix, about this same time, he also appeared on the NBC anthology series, The Barbara Stanwyck Show. In December 1961, he portrayed the part of Judge Quince in the episode Judgement at Hondo Seco on CBSs Rawhide, during the 1963–1964 television season, Bellamy co-starred with Jack Ging in the NBC medical drama The Eleventh Hour, in the role of a psychiatrist in private practice. Wendell Corey had appeared in the first season of the series, Bellamy appeared on Broadway in one of his most famous roles, as Franklin Delano Roosevelt in Sunrise at Campobello. He later starred in the 1960 film version, in the summer of 1961, Bellamy hosted nine original episodes of a CBS Western anthology series called Frontier Justice, a Dick Powell Four Star Television production. In 1950 Bellamy became a member of The Lambs, a club located in New York. Highly regarded within the industry, Bellamy served as a four-term President of Actors Equity from 1952–1964, among many roles in numerous shows, sometimes as a series regular, Bellamy portrayed Adlai Stevenson in the 1974 TV-movie The Missiles of October, a treatment of the Cuban Missile Crisis
Ralph Bellamy
Ralph Bellamy
–
Cary Grant,
Rosalind Russell and Bellamy in a publicity shot for
His Girl Friday (1940)
Ralph Bellamy
–
Gloria McGhee and Ralph Bellamy in
Man Against Crime (1953)
Ralph Bellamy
–
As
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1960)
33.
Kay Thompson
–
Kay Thompson was an American author, composer, musician, actress and singer. She is best known as the creator of the Eloise childrens books, Thompson was born Catherine Louise Fink in St. Thompsons parents were married on November 29,1905, in East St. Louis, St. Clair County, Illinois. Thompsons siblings were, Blanche Margaret Fink, Mrs. Hurd, Leo George Bud Fink, Jr. and Marian Antoinette Fink, Thompson began her career in the 1930s as a singer and choral director for radio. Her first big break was as a singer on the Bing Crosby-Woodbury Show Bing Crosby Entertains. This led to a spot on The Fred Waring-Ford Dealers Show and then, with conductor Lennie Hayton. For her motion picture debut, Kay and her choir performed two songs in the Republic Pictures musical Manhattan Merry-Go-Round, in 1939, she reunited with André Kostelanetz for Tune-Up Time, a show that was produced by radio legend William Spier. On an installment of Tune-Up Time in April 1939, 16-year-old Judy Garland was a guest and it was at this time that Kay first met and worked with Judy, developing a close personal friendship and professional association that lasted the rest of Garlands life. In 1943 Thompson signed a contract with MGM to become the studios top vocal arranger, vocal coach. She served as main vocal arranger for many of producer Arthur Freeds MGM musicals and as coach to such stars as Judy Garland, Lena Horne, Frank Sinatra. She was vocal arranger for Ziegfeld Follies, The Harvey Girls, Till the Clouds Roll By, Good News, after working on The Pirate with Judy Garland and Gene Kelly, she left MGM to create the night club act Kay Thompson and the Williams Brothers. She wrote the songs and Robert Alton did the choreography for the act. As a film actress, Thompson played one major role only, Thompson only acted in one additional feature film, 1970s Tell Me That You Love Me, Junie Moon, because, according to its star Liza Minnelli, Thompson disliked the slow speed of production. Thompson, who lived at the Plaza Hotel in New York City, the four books in the series, illustrated by Hilary Knight, are Eloise, Eloise in Paris, Eloise at Christmastime and Eloise in Moscow. They follow the adventures of the precocious six-year-old girl who lives at The Plaza, all were bestsellers upon release and have been adapted into television projects. Thompson composed and performed a Top 40 hit song, Eloise, a fifth book, Eloise Takes a Bawth, was posthumously published by Simon & Schuster in 2002, culled from Thompsons original manuscripts once slated for 1964 publication by Harper & Row. However, at the time, Thompson was burned out on Eloise, she blocked publication and took all but the first book out of print. As a singer, Thompson made very few records, starting with one side, Take a Number from One to Ten, in 1935, she recorded four sides for Brunswick, and another four sides for Victor. The 4 Brunswick sides are excellent examples of mid-1930s sophisticated New York cabaret singing and she later recorded for Capitol, Columbia, Decca, and, most importantly, for MGM Records, which issued her only complete album of songs, in 1954
Kay Thompson
–
Hilary Knight 's 1996 portrait of Kay Thompson for
Vanity Fair.
Kay Thompson
–
Guest stars for the 1961 premiere episode of
The Dick Powell Show, "Who Killed Julie Greer?". Standing, from left:
Ronald Reagan,
Nick Adams,
Lloyd Bridges,
Mickey Rooney,
Edgar Bergen,
Jack Carson,
Ralph Bellamy, Kay Thompson,
Dean Jones. Seated, from left,
Carolyn Jones and
Dick Powell.
34.
Dean Jones (actor)
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Dean Carroll Jones was an American actor best known for his light-hearted leading roles in several Walt Disney films between 1965 and 1977, such as The Love Bug. Jones also originated the role of Bobby in Stephen Sondheims Company, Jones was born in Decatur, near the larger neighboring city of Huntsville, Alabama, to Andrew Guy Jones, a traveling construction worker, and the former Nolia Elizabeth Wilhite. His parents are interred at Roselawn Gardens Of Memory in Decatur, as a student at Riverside High School in Decatur, Jones had his own local radio show, Dean Jones Sings. Jones served in the United States Navy during the Korean War, Jones attended Asbury University in Wilmore near Lexington, Kentucky. A member of its Class of 1953, he did not graduate, on March 4,2011, he later addressed the ceremony for the dedication of Asburys Andrew S. Miller Center for Communications Arts. After appearing in film and television roles, Jones made his Broadway debut in the 1960 play There Was a Little Girl. He stepped into the role in Boston, Massachusetts, at one days notice. In 1960 he also played Dave Manning in the Broadway comedy Under the Yum-Yum Tree, after achieving success in film and television, Jones was set to return to Broadway as the star of Stephen Sondheims musical Company in 1970. Shortly after opening night, Jones withdrew from the show, due to stress that he was undergoing from ongoing divorce proceedings, Director Harold Prince agreed to replace him with Larry Kert if Jones would open the show and record the cast album. Jones agreed, and his performance is preserved on the original cast album, in 1986, Jones, by then having become a Christian, starred in Into the Light, a musical about scientists and the Shroud of Turin, which closed four days after it opened. He had far more success touring in the one-man show St. John in Exile as the last surviving Apostle of Jesus Christ, a performance was filmed in 1986. He made one more Broadway appearance, in 1993, at the Vivian Beaumont Theater and he portrayed a soldier in both Imitation General with Glenn Ford and Never So Few with Frank Sinatra. Jones had a role in an episode of ABCs Stagecoach West. He portrayed Joe Brady, one of two outlaws, with Harold J. Stone as Tanner and they are trapped during a sandstorm in a frontier house with series stars Robert Bray and Richard Eyer as Simon and Davey Kane, respectively. The outlaws are sought by the United States Army for armed robbery, the young woman of the house, Martha Whitlock, played by Diana Millay, was recently deserted by her husband. She becomes attracted to Jones character, who considers himself a failure since he had been orphaned at an early age. In the story line, it is determined that Brady is not guilty of the robbery and shooting of the guards, but is culpable as an accessory after the fact. Jones subsequently starred in the NBC television sitcom Ensign OToole, produced by Four Star Television, portraying an easy-going and his co-stars included Jack Mullaney, Jack Albertson, Jay C
Dean Jones (actor)
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Dean Jones in 1966
Dean Jones (actor)
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Guest stars for the premiere episode of
The Dick Powell Show, "Who Killed Julie Greer?" Standing, from left:
Ronald Reagan,
Nick Adams,
Lloyd Bridges,
Mickey Rooney,
Edgar Bergen,
Jack Carson,
Ralph Bellamy,
Kay Thompson, Dean Jones. Seated, from left,
Carolyn Jones and
Dick Powell.
Dean Jones (actor)
–
Jones in
The Love Bug (1968), with
Herbie
35.
Carolyn Jones
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Carolyn Sue Jones was an American actress. Her film career continued for another 20 years, in 1964, she began playing the role of Morticia Addams, in the television series The Addams Family, receiving a Golden Globe Award nomination for her work. Jones was born in Amarillo, Texas, the daughter of Cloe Jeanette Southern, a housewife, and Julius Alfred Jones, in 1934, her father abandoned the family and her mother moved with her two children to her parents home in Amarillo. In 1935, Carolyn, her younger sister Bette, her mother, and her grandparents were living in Des Moines, Iowa, Carolyn suffered from severe asthma that often restricted her childhood activities. She was a reader, and loved Hollywood magazines. When her condition permitted she loved to go to the movies and she enrolled at the Pasadena Playhouse in California, although at 15 she was still three years under the minimum age, her grandfather agreed to pay her tuition. After being spotted by a talent scout at the Playhouse, Jones secured a contract with Paramount Pictures and made her first film, The Turning Point, in 1953, she married aspiring film-maker Aaron Spelling. In 1954, she played Beth in Shield for Murder, earning $500 per day for playing the role, Jones was cast in the 1953 film From Here to Eternity in the role of Alma Lorene Burke, which was written for her. However, a bout with pneumonia forced her to withdraw, the role earned Donna Reed the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, Jones made her TV debut on the DuMont series Gruen Playhouse in 1952. She appeared in two Rod Cameron syndicated series, City Detective and State Trooper, as Betty Fowler in the 1956 episode and she guest-starred in Ray Millands CBS sitcom, Meet Mr. McNutley. She made five appearances on the drama series Dragnet, starring Jack Webb. In 1956, Jones appeared in Invasion of the Body Snatchers, in 1957, she had the lead in the episode The Girl in the Grass on CBSs Schlitz Playhouse, with once again Ray Milland and Nora Marlowe. In 1959, she played opposite Frank Sinatra in Frank Capras A Hole in the Head, Dean Martin in Career, and Anthony Quinn and Kirk Douglas in Last Train from Gun Hill. In 1960, she guest-starred with James Best and Jack Mullaney in the episode Love on Credit of CBSs anthology series The DuPont Show with June Allyson, in the 1962-1963 season, Jones guest-starred on CBSs The Lloyd Bridges Show, which Spelling created. While married to Spelling, she appeared on the NBC program Heres Hollywood, in the epic 1963 Western, How The West Was Won, she played the role of Sheriff Jeb Rawlings wife. She appears with Peppard and Debbie Reynolds in the last speaking/singing scenes of the film and she guest-starred on the 1960s TV series Batman, playing Marsha, the Queen of Diamonds, and in 1976 appeared as the title characters mother, Hippolyta, on the Wonder Woman TV series. During her occasional absences, veteran actress Marla Adams subbed for her and her acting career declined after The Addams Family ended in 1966. Sporadic roles in the 1970s included that of Mrs. Moore, Jones landed the role of the power-driven political matriarch Myrna Clegg in the CBS daytime television soap opera Capitol in 1981
Carolyn Jones
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Jones in 1956
Carolyn Jones
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Guest stars for the premiere episode of
The Dick Powell Show, "Who Killed Julie Greer?" Standing, from left:
Ronald Reagan,
Nick Adams,
Lloyd Bridges,
Mickey Rooney,
Edgar Bergen,
Jack Carson,
Ralph Bellamy,
Kay Thompson,
Dean Jones. Seated, from left, Carolyn Jones and
Dick Powell.
36.
Dick Powell
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Richard Ewing Dick Powell was an American singer, actor, film producer, film director and studio head. Though he came to stardom as a comedy performer, he showed versatility. He was the first actor to portray the private detective Philip Marlowe on screen, Powell was born in Mountain View, the seat of Stone County in northern Arkansas. The family moved to Little Rock in 1914, where Powell sang in choirs and with local orchestras. Powell attended the former Little Rock College, before he started his entertainment career as a singer with the Royal Peacock Band which toured throughout the Midwest. During this time, he married Mildred Maund, a model, later, he joined the Charlie Davis Orchestra, based in Indianapolis. He recorded a number of records with Davis and on his own, Powell moved to Pittsburgh, where he found great local success as the Master of Ceremonies at the Enright Theater and the Stanley Theater. In April 1930, Warner Bros. bought Brunswick Records, which at that time owned Vocalion, Warner Bros. was sufficiently impressed by Powells singing and stage presence to offer him a film contract in 1932. He made his debut as a singing bandleader in Blessed Event. Powell desperately wanted to expand his range, but Warner Bros. would not allow him to do so, as a result, he bought his release from Warner Bros. in 1940. They did cast him in A Midsummer Nights Dream, but as Lysander, another youthful romantic character and this was to be Powells only Shakespearean role and one he did not want to play, feeling that he was completely wrong for the part. By 1944, Powell felt he was too old to play romantic leading men anymore and he lost out to Fred MacMurray, another Hollywood nice guy. MacMurrays success, however, fueled Powells resolve to pursue projects with greater range, Powell starred in the musical program Campana Serenade, which was broadcast on NBC radio and CBS radio. In 1944, Powells career changed dramatically when he was cast in the first of a series of films noir, as private detective Philip Marlowe in Murder, My Sweet, the film was a big hit, and Powell had successfully reinvented himself as a dramatic actor. He was the first actor to play Marlowe – by name – in motion pictures, later, Powell was the first actor to play Marlowe on radio, in 1944 and 1945, and on television, in a 1954 episode of Climax. Powell also played the slightly less hard-boiled detective Richard Rogue in the radio series Rogues Gallery, in 1945, Dmytryk and Powell reteamed to make the film Cornered, a gripping, post-WWII thriller that helped define the film noir style. He became a tough guy lead appearing in movies such as Johnny OClock. But in 1948, he stepped out of the type when he starred in Pitfall
Dick Powell
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Photo taken 1938
Dick Powell
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Dick Powell
Dick Powell
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Ruby Keeler in
Footlight Parade (1933)
Dick Powell
–
Dick Powell and
Inez Asher
37.
Ivan Tors
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He started a Miami-based film studio now known as Greenwich Studios, and later a music company. Tors wrote several plays in his native country Hungary before moving to the United States just prior to World War II and he arrived with his brother Ervin in July 1939 on the SS Hansa and had come to study at Fordham University in New York City. He subsequently enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps then transferred to the Office of Strategic Services, following the war he was contracted to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a screenwriter. In 1952 he made Storm over Tibet, his first film as co-writer and producer and he began his partnership with his fellow Hungarian Andrew Marton with this film. He created the NBC science fiction series The Man and the Challenge, starred George Nader and his Office of Scientific Investigation trilogy consisted of The Magnetic Monster, Riders to the Stars, and Gog, already mentioned. In the 1960s Tors left science fiction and concentrated on making films and he typically would make a film first and then develop a television series based on the film. His animal films included Flipper, Flippers New Adventure, Zebra in the Kitchen, Clarence, the Cross-Eyed Lion, Gentle Giant and he also directed Zebra in the Kitchen, Rhino. and Galyon. Tors studio also filmed Soupy Sales film debut in Birds Do It, Tors was married to film actress Constance Dowling from 1955 until her death in 1969. Tors died 14 years later, eight days before his 67th birthday and he died in Mato Grosso, Brazil where he was scouting a new television series. In 1989 the Academy of Underwater Arts & Sciences posthumously awarded Tors a NOGI Award in Arts, ivan Tors at the Internet Movie Database
Ivan Tors
–
1960 photo
38.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
CBS
–
Paley's management saw a twentyfold increase in gross income in his first decade.
CBS
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Wholesome
Kate Smith, Paley's choice for La Palina Hour, was unthreatening to home and hearth
CBS
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When
Charlie Chaplin finally allowed the world to hear his voice after 20 years of mime, he chose CBS's airwaves to do it on.
CBS
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CBS west coast headquarters reflected its industry stature while hosting its top Hollywood talent.
39.
Anthology series
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An anthology series is a radio or television series that presents a different story and a different set of characters in each episode or season/series. Some anthology series, such as Studio One, began on radio, many popular old-time radio programs were anthology series. On some series, such as Inner Sanctum Mysteries, the constant was the host. One of the earliest such programs was The Collier Hour, broadcast on the NBC Blue Network from 1927 to 1932, as radios first major dramatic anthology, it adapted stories and serials from Colliers Weekly in a calculated move to increase subscriptions and compete with The Saturday Evening Post. Weird The Haunting Hour The Sealed Book Mystery in the Air The Weird Circle Quiet, the stars would own the studio and the program, as Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz had done successfully with Desilu studio. Powell had intended for the program to feature himself, Charles Boyer, Joel McCrea, when Russell and McCrea backed out, David Niven came on board as the third star. The fourth star was initially a guest star, CBS liked the idea, and Four Star Playhouse made its debut in fall of 1952. It ran on alternate weeks only during the first season, alternating with Amos n Andy and it was successful enough to be renewed and became a weekly program from the second season until the end of its run in 1956. Ida Lupino was brought on board as the de facto fourth star, though unlike Powell, Boyer, American television networks would sometimes run summer anthology series which consisted of unsold television pilots. Beginning in 1971, the long-run Masterpiece Theatre drama anthology series brought British productions to American television. k. a. Billy Roses Playbill Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre The Bold Ones Broadway Television Theatre Buick-Electra Playhouse Cameo Theatre Camera Three The Campbell Playhouse, Campbell Soundstage and Campbell Summer Soundstage Cavalcade of America CBS Playhouse CBS Summer Playhouse CBS Television Workshop CBS Workshop, a. k. a. CBS Repertoire Workshop Celanese Theatre Celebrity Playhouse Center Stage Cheer Television Theatre The Chevrolet Tele-Theatre a. k. a, Chevrolet on Broadway Chevron Hall of Stars Chevron Theatre Climax. Gruen Guild Theatre The Gulf Playhouse Hallmark Hall of Fame Hollywood Opening Night Hollywood Premiere Theatre, Hollywood Theatre Time International Playhouse John Waters Presents Movies That Will Corrupt You The Joseph Cotten Show, a. k. a. k. a. Max Liebman Presents Medallion Theatre, a. k. a, grimms Fairy Tale Classics Happily Ever After, Fairy Tales for Every Child The Harveytoons Show KaBlam. Late Night, Black and White Legends of Bikini Bottom Liquid Television The Looney Tunes Show Mickey Mouse Works Mickeys Mouse Tracks O Canada Off the Air Oh Yeah. Cartoons The Pink Panther Show The Popeye Show The Porky Pig Show Princes et princesses Random. M. k. a. Terribles House of Horrible The Eddie Cantor Comedy Theatre El Chapulín Colorado Ripping Yarns George Burns Comedy Week Good Heavens Human Remains Inside No. k. a. k. a. k. a. k. a, orson Welles Great Mysteries Out of the Fog Panic. Way of Life Family Theater Insight Lamp Unto My Feet Look Up, the Fisher Family Alcoa Presents, One Step Beyond Amazing Stories American Horror Story Are You Afraid of the Dark. L. k. a
Anthology series
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Lux Radio Theater ad art Joan Crawford
Anthology series
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Nelson Olmsted of NBC's Sleep No More fantasy series.
40.
The Lloyd Bridges Show
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The Lloyd Bridges Show is an American anthology drama series produced by Aaron Spelling, which aired on CBS from September 11,1962 to May 28,1963, starring and hosted by Lloyd Bridges. In the first fourteen episodes, from September to January, Bridges played the author Adam Shepherd who was transformed into the character of each episode. The program featured Bridgess sons, Jeff and Beau Bridges, in occasional guest-starring roles, the premiere episode is entitled Wheresoever I Enter. A Pair of Boots casts Bridges as a Confederate whose truce with the Union Army is threatened by a southern soldiers desire to reclaim a pair of shoes stolen by a northerner, co-stars in the episode are son Beau Bridges. In the episode My Daddy Can Beat Your Daddy, authored by Robert Towne, co-stars in the segment are son Jeff Bridges, Gary Lockwood, and Mary Murphy. The Lloyd Bridges Show, a Four Star production, aired on Tuesday at 8 p. m. Eastern time, the series aired opposite the first season of ABCs military drama Combat. Starring Rick Jason and Vic Morrow, and the last season of NBCs western series Laramie starring John Smith, Robert Fuller and it followed rebroadcasts of the half-hour version of CBSs Gunsmoke under the title Marshal Dillon, starring James Arness. Other guest stars included, The Lloyd Bridges Show at the Internet Movie Database The Lloyd Bridges Show at TV. com at CVTA with episode list
The Lloyd Bridges Show
–
Lloyd Bridges and
Mary Murphy in episode "My Daddy Can Beat Your Daddy" (1963)
41.
Aaron Spelling
–
Aaron Spelling was an American film and television producer. Some of his successes include the TV programs Charlies Angels, The Love Boat, Dynasty, forbes ranked him the 11th top-earning deceased celebrity in 2009. Spelling was born in Dallas, Texas and he was the son of Pearl and David Spelling, who were Jewish immigrants from Poland. His father worked as a tailor and changed his surname from Spurling to Spelling after immigrating to the United States, Spelling had three brothers, Sam, Max, and Daniel, and a sister, Becky. At the age of eight, Spelling psychosomatically lost the use of his legs due to trauma caused by constant bullying from his schoolmates, after attending Forest Avenue High School in Dallas, he served in the United States Armed Forces during World War II. Spelling later graduated from Southern Methodist University in 1949, where he was a cheerleader and he married actress Carolyn Jones in 1953, in California. Spelling married Candy Gene in 1968, the couple had daughter Tori in 1973 and son Randy in 1978. In 1988, Spelling bought the 6-acre property of Bing Crosbys former Los Angeles house and he demolished the property and built a 123-room home on the lot in 1991. Known as The Manor, it has 56,500 square feet of space and is the largest single-family home in Los Angeles. Spellings widow Candy listed the home for sale in 2008 for $150 million, Spelling made his first appearance as an actor in a film as Harry Williams in Vicki, directed by Harry Horner, in 1953. That same year, he appeared in the TV series I Led Three Lives, of the 149 episodes in that series, he wrote no fewer than twenty of the teleplays and produced a significant number of others. Spelling founded Spelling Entertainment in 1972 and he produced the unsuccessful situation comedy The San Pedro Beach Bums in 1977. In 2001, Spelling was diagnosed with oral cancer, on June 23,2006, Spelling died at The Manor, his estate in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, from complications of a stroke he suffered five days prior. A private funeral was held days later, and Spelling was entombed in a mausoleum in Culver Citys Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery. On April 4,2007, it was announced that 7th Heavens May 13,2007 the episode before the finale would be dedicated to Aaron Spelling. When 7th Heaven ended its run, it was touted by the network as being Spellings longest-running series, on September 15,1978, Spelling was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 6667 Hollywood Blvd. In 1996, he was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame, archived from the original on October 15,2012. Aaron Spelling at the Internet Movie Database Aaron Spelling interview video at the Archive of American Television
Aaron Spelling
–
Spelling in 1965.
42.
Gene Roddenberry
–
Eugene Wesley Gene Roddenberry was an American television screenwriter and producer. He is best remembered for creating the original Star Trek television series, born in El Paso, Texas, Roddenberry grew up in Los Angeles, where his father was a police officer. Roddenberry flew 89 combat missions in the Army Air Forces during World War II, later, he followed in his fathers footsteps and joined the Los Angeles Police Department, where he also began to write scripts for television. As a freelance writer, Roddenberry wrote scripts for Highway Patrol, Have Gun–Will Travel, in 1964, Roddenberry created Star Trek, which premiered in 1966 and ran for three seasons before being canceled. He then worked on projects, including a string of failed television pilots. The syndication of Star Trek led to its popularity, this, in turn, resulted in the Star Trek feature films, on which Roddenberry continued to produce. He continued to consult on the series until his death in 1991, years after his death, Roddenberry was one of the first humans to have his ashes carried into earth orbit. The popularity of the Star Trek universe and films has inspired films, books, comic books, video games, and fan films set in the Star Trek universe. Roddenberry was born on August 19,1921, in his parents rented home in El Paso, Texas, the family moved to Los Angeles in 1923 after Genes father passed the Civil Service test and was given a police commission there. During his childhood, Roddenberry was interested in reading, especially magazines, and was a fan of stories such as John Carter of Mars, Tarzan. Roddenberry majored in science at Los Angeles City College, where he began dating Eileen-Anita Rexroat. He obtained a license through the United States Army Air Corps-sponsored Civilian Pilot Training Program. He enlisted with the USAAC on December 18,1941, and he graduated from the USAAC on August 5,1942, when he was commissioned as a second lieutenant. He was posted to Bellows Field, Oahu, to join the 394th Bomb Squadron, 5th Bombardment Group, of the Thirteenth Air Force, which flew the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. On August 2,1943, while flying out of Espiritu Santo, the plane Roddenberry was piloting overshot the runway by 500 feet and impacted trees, crushing the nose, the official report absolved Roddenberry of any responsibility. Roddenberry spent the remainder of his career in the United States. He was involved in a plane crash, this time as a passenger. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal, in 1945, Roddenberry began flying for Pan American World Airways, including routes from New York to Johannesburg or Calcutta, the two longest Pan Am routes at the time
Gene Roddenberry
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Roddenberry in 1976.
Gene Roddenberry
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Gene Roddenberry, during his senior year at high school
Gene Roddenberry
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Roddenberry and Leonard Nimoy (pictured) first worked together on The Lieutenant.
Gene Roddenberry
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Gene Roddenberry appearing in an advertisement for MONY in 1961
43.
James T. Kirk
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James Tiberius Jim Kirk is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise. Kirk first appears in Star Trek, The Original Series and has portrayed in numerous films, books, comics, webisodes. As the captain of the starship USS Enterprise, Kirk leads his crew as they explore where no man has gone before, often, the characters of Spock and Leonard McCoy act as his logical and emotional sounding boards, respectively. Kirk, played by William Shatner, first appears in the broadcast pilot episode, The Man Trap, Shatner continued in the role for the shows three seasons, and later provided the voice of the animated version of Kirk in Star Trek, The Animated Series. Shatner returned to the role for Star Trek, The Motion Picture, chris Pine portrays a young version of the character in the 2009 reboot Star Trek film, with Jimmy Bennett playing Kirk as a child. Pine reprised his role in Star Trek Into Darkness and in Star Trek Beyond, other actors have played the character in fan-created media, and the character has been the subject of multiple spoofs and satires. The character has been praised for his leadership traits and criticized for his relationships with women, James Tiberius Kirk was born in Riverside, Iowa, where he was raised by his parents, George and Winona Kirk. Although born on Earth, Kirk lived for a time on Tarsus IV, James Kirks brother, George Samuel Kirk, is first mentioned in What Are Little Girls Made Of. and introduced and killed in Operation, Annihilate. Kirk was granted a commission as an ensign and posted to advanced training aboard the USS Republic. He was then promoted to lieutenant junior grade and returned to Starfleet Academy as a student instructor, students could either think or sink in his class, and Kirk himself was a stack of books with legs. Upon graduating in the top five percent, Kirk was promoted to lieutenant and he received his first command, a spaceship roughly equivalent to a destroyer, while still quite young. Kirk became Starfleets youngest captain after receiving command of the USS Enterprise for a five-year mission, Kirks most significant relationships in the television series are with first officer Spock and chief medical officer Dr. Leonard Bones McCoy. McCoy is someone to whom Kirk unburdens himself and is a foil to Spock, robert Jewett and John Shelton Lawrences The Myth of the American Superhero describes Kirk as a hard-driving leader who pushes himself and his crew beyond human limits. Terry J. Erdman and Paula M, although Kirk throughout the series becomes romantically involved with various women, when confronted with a choice between a woman and the Enterprise, his ship always won. Roddenberry wrote in a memo that Kirk is not afraid of being fallible. J. M. Dillards novel The Lost Years describes Kirks promotion to rear admiral, in Star Trek, The Motion Picture, Kirk is chief of Starfleet operations, and he takes command of the Enterprise from Captain Willard Decker. Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberrys novelization of The Motion Picture depicts Kirk married to a Starfleet officer killed during a transporter accident. At the beginning of Star Trek II, The Wrath of Khan, Kirk takes command of the Enterprise from Captain Spock to pursue his enemy from Space Seed, the movie introduces Kirks son, David Marcus
James T. Kirk
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William Shatner as Kirk, in a publicity photograph for the original Star Trek
James T. Kirk
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The plaque marking
Riverside, Iowa, auto proclaimed as Captain Kirk's "future birthplace"
