Lobo (racial category)
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Lobo is a racial category for a mixed-race person used in Mexican paintings illustrating the caste system in 17th- and 18th-century Spanish America.
De Chino cambujo e India, Loba. Miguel Cabrera
De negro e india, lobo (from a black man and an Amerindian woman, a Lobo is begotten). Anon. 18th c. Mexico
De Lobo y Mestiza, Cambujo. Anon. 18th c. Mexico
Ignacio María Barreda Las castas mexicanas
Torna atrás
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Torna atrás or tornatrás is a term used in 18th-century casta paintings to portray a mestizo or mixed-race person who showed phenotypic characteristics of only one of the "original races", such as Eur
Lobo (racial category)
…Lobo does not have a fixed meaning, with possible parents being a black man and an Indian woman, a Cambujo (African/Amerindian) and an Indian woman, a Torna atrás and an Indian woman, a Mestizo and an Indian woman, or a Salta atrás (of African/European ancestry) and a Mulatto woman. Lobo was a classification used…
Spanish father and Albina mother, torna atrás child. Miguel Cabrera, 1763 Mexico
De Mulato y Mestiza, produce mulato es torna atrás. Attributed to Juan Rodríguez Juárez, ca. 1715. Private collection
Casta painting of a Spanish father, albino mother, and torna atrás child. Juan Patricio Morlete Ruiz (Mexico, circa 1760)
De Albina y Español, Torna atrás. Attributed to Juan Patricio Morlete Ruiz (1701-1770)