1.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
2.
Electronic dance music
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Electronic dance music is a broad range of percussive electronic music genres made largely for nightclubs, raves, and festivals. EDM is generally produced for playback by disc jockeys who create seamless selections of tracks, called a mix, EDM producers also perform their music live in a concert or festival setting in what is sometimes called a live PA. In the United Kingdom and in continental Europe, EDM is more commonly called dance music or simply dance. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, following the emergence of raving, pirate radio, at this time a perceived association between EDM and drug culture led governments at state and city level to enact laws and policies intended to halt the spread of rave culture. By the early 2010s the term dance music and the initialism EDM was being pushed by the US music industry. Early examples of dance music include the disco music of Giorgio Moroder. During the early 1980s, the popularity of disco music declined in the United States, abandoned by major US record labels. European disco continued evolving within the mainstream pop music scene. European acts Silver Convention, Love and Kisses, Munich Machine, and American acts Donna Summer, in 1977, Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte produced I Feel Love for Donna Summer. It became the first well-known disco hit to have a completely synthesised backing track, other disco producers, most famously American producer Tom Moulton, grabbed ideas and techniques from dub music to provide alternatives to the four on the floor style that dominated. The sound that originated from P-Funk the electronic side of disco, dub music. Much of the music produced during this time was, like disco, at this time creative control started shifting to independent record companies, less established producers, and club DJs. Other dance styles that began to become popular during the era include dance-pop, boogie, electro, Italo disco, house. In the early 1980s, electro emerged as a fusion of funk, also called electro-boogie, but later shortened to electro, cited pioneers include Zapp, D. Train, Sinnamon. Early hip hop and rap combined with German and Japanese electropop influences such as Kraftwerk, as the electronic sound developed, instruments such as the bass guitar and drums were replaced by synthesizers and most notably by iconic drum machines, particularly the Roland TR-808. Early uses of the TR-808 include several Yellow Magic Orchestra tracks in 1980-1981, the 1982 track Planet Rock by Afrikaa Bambaataa, and the 1982 song Sexual Healing by Marvin Gaye. In 1982, producer Arthur Baker with Afrika Bambaataa released the seminal Planet Rock which was influenced by the Yellow Magic Orchestra using Kraftwerk samples, Planet Rock was followed later that year by another breakthrough electro record, Nunk by Warp 9. In 1983, Hashim created an electro funk sound which influenced Herbie Hancock, the early 1980s were electros mainstream peak
3.
Radioactive Records
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Radioactive Records was an American record label. It was formed as a joint venture between talent manager Gary Kurfirst and MCA Records, and it is now out of business. Acts on the label had included, Live, Black Grape, Janes Addiction, the Ramones, Big Audio Dynamite, Talking Heads, Eurythmics, Traci Lords, and Angelfish. The band Pray TV from Melbourne, Australia, and British group Cooler Than Jesus were also signed by the label in the early 1990s, in 1997, Kurfirst formed a related label, Radiouniverse, as a joint venture with Universal Music Groups Universal Records. It debuted with albums from Radio Iodine and Dig, bands that were signed to Radioactive. Other acts signed to the label included The Devlins and Tyzle Fly, list of record labels Official website Gary Kurfirst official website
4.
Hallam FM
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Hallam FM is an independent local radio station serving South Yorkshire from studios in Sheffield. The station is owned and operated by Bauer Radio and forms part of Bauers City 1 network of stations. The station started broadcasting on 1548 kHz/194m AM,95.2 and 95.9 MHz FM under the name of Radio Hallam from its studios at Hartshead in Sheffield City Centre on 1 October 1974. The first presenter heard on air was ex-BBC Radio 1 DJ Johnny Moran - the first record he played was Ive Got the Music in Me by Kiki Dee, which stuck after a minute and a half. In 1987, Radio Hallam merged with neighbouring Yorkshire stations Pennine Radio in Bradford, currently, Hallam FM shares some weekend programming and news material with Radio Aire in Leeds. The frequencies were changed during the 1980s to 96.1 FM for Rotherham,97.4 FM for Sheffield,102.9 FM for Barnsley, after a take-over of the parent company YRN by the Metro Radio Group, the AM frequency became Great Yorkshire Gold. The Rotherham transmitter was turned off in the 1990s as part of Hallams licence agreement and is now used by Rother FM, Hallam also moved its studio facilities to 900 Herries Road, just minutes from Sheffield Wednesdays Hillsborough ground. The office space at Hartshead is now used by the Sheffield Star newspaper, as the Metro Radio group was bought by EMAP, Hallam FM also became part of the Big City Network in Northern England. In 2011 Bauer Medias Big City Network was replaced by the Place Portfolio containing the radio stations which are focused on specific areas of the country. As of 17 February 2014 the following changes were made to Bauer Place stations in England and Scotland, A single In, neil Bentleys Old Skool & Anthems programme which was shared between Key 103 and 97.4 Rock FM was extended to 12 other Bauer Place stations. 16 Bauer Place stations now have a single audio identity and new strapline Your Life, Hallam FMs main competitors are BBC Radio 1, Capital Yorkshire & Heart Yorkshire. Other local competing stations include BBC Radio Sheffield, Peak FM, Rother FM, Dearne FM, the station broadcasts on analogue frequencies on 97.4 FM,103.4 FM and 102.9 FM in Sheffield, Doncaster and Barnsley respectively. Almost the whole region is covered on 103.4 FM, the station also broadcasts via DAB on the Bauer Radio multiplex, and online. Local programming is produced and broadcast from Hallam FMs Sheffield studios from 6am-2pm and 3-7pm on weekdays, 2-6pm on Saturdays, Hallam FM also airs networked programming from sister station Key 103 in Manchester via the Bauer City 1 network. The Vodafone Big Top 40 is syndicated from Global Radio at its Capital studios in London for broadcast on over 145 commercial radio stations across the UK, the stations local presenters include John Harrison, Liesl Soards and James Crookes, Richie Pearson, Simon Morykin and Carl Spencer. Hallam FM broadcasts local news bulletins hourly from 6am to 7pm on weekdays, headlines are broadcast on the half hour during weekday breakfast and drivetime shows, alongside sport and traffic bulletins. National bulletins from Sky News Radio are carried overnight with bespoke networked bulletins on weekend afternoons from Key 103s Manchester newsroom, darryl Morris Paddy McGuinness Marvin Humes Official website History of local radio in Yorkshire Clifton transmitter Tapton Hill/Crosspool transmitter
5.
Heart Peterborough
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102.7 Heart Peterborough was an Independent Local Radio station for Peterborough, Boston, Kings Lynn, Cambridgeshire, south Lincolnshire and west Norfolk. With the tagline of the station you can call your own. Reorganisation of the FM broadcast band moved the station to 102.7 since around 1987/1988, notable personalities from the past include the former chief executive of GCap Media, Ralph Bernard, who was the stations first news editor. Hereward split its AM and FM frequencies in April 1992, the station was brought out by the GWR Group in 1995 from its original management, Mid-Anglia Radio plc. On 5 January 2009, Hereward FM was rebranded Heart Peterborough, on 21 June 2010, Global Radio announced that Heart Peterborough would be merged with Heart Cambridge as part of plans to reduce the Heart network of stations from 33 to 16. The new station, Heart Cambridgeshire began broadcasting from Peterborough on 2 July 2010, on 19 September 2011, the station announced it would relocate to new studios in the Histon area of Cambridge. A temporary mast was erected, restoring the service and a new permanent mast has since been erected. Official Website Heart Peterboroughs VHF/FM Mast Heart Peterboroughs DAB Mast
6.
Trinidad and Tobago
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During the same period, the island of Tobago changed hands among Spanish, British, French, Dutch and Courlander colonizers, more times than any other island in the Caribbean. Trinidad and Tobago were ceded to Britain in 1802 under the Treaty of Amiens, the country Trinidad and Tobago obtained independence in 1962, becoming a republic in 1976. Trinidad and Tobago is the third richest country by GDP per capita in the Americas after the United States, furthermore, it is recognised as a high-income economy by the World Bank. Unlike most of the English-speaking Caribbean, the economy is primarily industrial, with an emphasis on petroleum. The countrys wealth is attributed to its reserves and exploitation of oil. Historian E. L. Joseph claimed that Trinidads Amerindian name was Iere or Land of the Humming Bird, derived from the Arawak name for hummingbird, however, Boomert claims that neither cairi nor caeri means hummingbird and tukusi or tucuchi does. Others have reported that kairi and iere simply mean island, christopher Columbus renamed it La Isla de la Trinidad, fulfilling a vow made before setting out on his third voyage of exploration. Trinidad and Tobago are islands situated between 10°2 and 11°12 N latitude and 60°30 and 61°56 W longitude, at the closest point, Trinidad is just 11 kilometres from Venezuelan territory. Trinidad is 4,768 km2 in area with a length of 80 km. Tobago has an area of about 300 km2, or 5. 8% of the area, is 41 km long and 12 km at its greatest width. Trinidad and Tobago lie on the shelf of South America. The terrain of the islands is a mixture of mountains and plains, the highest point in the country is found on the Northern Range at El Cerro del Aripo, which is 940 metres above sea level. As the majority of the live in the island of Trinidad. There are four municipalities in Trinidad, Port of Spain. The main town in Tobago is Scarborough, Trinidad is made up of a variety of soil types, the majority being fine sands and heavy clays. The alluvial valleys of the Northern Range and the soils of the East-West Corridor are the most fertile, the Northern Range consists mainly of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous metamorphic rocks. The Northern Lowlands consist of shallow marine clastic sediments. South of this, the Central Range fold and thrust belt consists of Cretaceous and Eocene sedimentary rocks, the Naparima Plains and the Nariva Swamp form the southern shoulder of this uplift
