1.
Los Angeles County, California
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Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles, is the most populous county in both the United States and the state of California, the countrys most populous state. Its population is larger than that of 42 individual U. S. states and it has 88 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas and at 4,083 square miles, it is larger than the combined areas of the U. S. states of Delaware and Rhode Island. The county is home to more than one-quarter of California residents and is one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the U. S and its county seat, the City of Los Angeles, is also its most populous city at about four million. Los Angeles County is one of the counties of California. The county originally included parts of what are now Kern, San Bernardino, Riverside, as the population increased, sections were split off to organize San Bernardino County in 1853, Kern County in 1866, and Orange County in 1889. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 4,751 square miles, Los Angeles County borders 70 miles of coast on the Pacific Ocean and encompasses mountain ranges, valleys, forests, islands, lakes, rivers, and desert. The western extent of the Mojave Desert begins in the Antelope Valley, most of the population of Los Angeles County is located in the south and southwest, with major population centers in the Los Angeles Basin, San Fernando Valley and San Gabriel Valley. Other population centers are found in the Santa Clarita Valley, Pomona Valley, Crescenta Valley, the county is divided west-to-east by the San Gabriel Mountains, which are part of the Transverse Ranges of southern California, and are contained mostly within the Angeles National Forest. Los Angeles County includes San Clemente Island and Santa Catalina Island, non-Hispanic whites numbered 2,728,321, or 28% of the population. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race numbered 4,687,889, 36% of Los Angeles Countys population was of Mexican ancestry,3. 7% Salvadoran, and 2. 2% Guatemalan heritage. The largest Asian groups of the 1,346,865 Asians in Los Angeles County are 4. 0% Chinese,3. 3% Filipino,2. 2% Korean,1. 0% Japanese,0. 9% Vietnamese,0. 8% Indian, and 0. 3% Cambodian. The racial makeup of the county is 48. 7% White,11. 0% African American,0. 8% Native American,10. 0% Asian,0. 3% Pacific Islander,23. 5% from other races, and 4. 9% from two or more races. 44. 6% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race, the largest European-American ancestry groups are German, Irish, English and Italian. 45. 9% of the population reported speaking only English at home,37. 9% spoke Spanish,2. 22% Tagalog,2. 0% Chinese,1. 9% Korean,1. 87% Armenian,0. 5% Arabic, and 0. 2% Hindi. At the census of 2000, there were 9,519,338 people,3,133,774 households, the population density was 2,344 people per square mile. There were 3,270,909 housing units at a density of 806 per square mile. 25% of all households were made up of individuals and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.61. In the county, the population was out with 28% under the age of 18, 10% from 18 to 24, 33% from 25 to 44, 19% from 45 to 64
2.
Hilda Solis
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Hilda Lucia Solis is an American politician and a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for the 1st district. Solis previously served as the 25th United States Secretary of Labor from 2009 to 2013, Solis was raised in La Puente, California, by immigrant parents from Nicaragua and Mexico. She earned degrees from the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, returning to her native state, she was elected to the Rio Hondo Community College Board of Trustees in 1985, the California State Assembly in 1992, and the California State Senate in 1994. She was the first Hispanic woman to serve in the State Senate, Solis sought to pass environmental justice legislation. She was the first female recipient of the John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award in 2000. Solis defeated a long-time Democratic incumbent as part of getting elected to the U. S. House of Representatives in 2000 and she was reelected easily to four subsequent terms. In December 2008, President-elect Barack Obama announced his intention to nominate Solis as the next U. S. Secretary of Labor. She took office after being confirmed by the United States Senate in February 2009, there she focused on workplace safety issues and on strengthening compliance with wage and hour laws. In January 2013, Solis stepped down from her post as Labor Secretary, returning to the area of her upbringing, in April 2014, Solis formally announced a campaign for a seat on the non-partisan Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Solis won the seat outright in a June 3 election and was sworn in on December 1, Solis was born in Los Angeles, California, as the daughter of immigrant parents who had met in citizenship class and married in 1953, Juana Sequeira and Raul Solis. Her father was a Teamsters shop steward in Mexico and, after coming to the United States, there he again organized for the Teamsters, to gain better health care benefits for workers, but also contracted lead poisoning. Her mother worked for over 20 years on the line of Mattel once her children were all of school age, belonged to the United Rubber Workers. She stressed the importance of education and was a devout Roman Catholic, hilda Solis is the third oldest of seven siblings and grew up in a tract home in La Puente, California. She had to raise her youngest siblings, and later said of her childhood. We had to very quickly. Maybe she should follow the career of her sister and become a secretary. ”However, another counselor did encourage her to attend college. She took her sisters to the library to get them to follow her lead. She graduated in 1979 with a Bachelor of Arts in political science and she then earned a Master of Public Administration degree at the University of Southern California in 1981
3.
Mark Ridley-Thomas
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Mark Ridley-Thomas is a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for the 2nd District. He served as a California State Senator, representing the 26th district from 2006 to 2008 and was a California State Assemblyman representing the 48th district from 2002 until 2006 and he was Chairman of the Assembly Democratic Caucus. Before his six years in the Legislature, he was on the Los Angeles City Council from 1991 to 2002, as of 2016 he is the sole male member of the board of supervisors. Ridley-Thomas is a graduate of Manual Arts High School in Los Angeles and earned a degree in Social Relations. Ridley-Thomas went on to earn a Ph. D. in Social Ethics, after a brief stint as a high-school teacher, Ridley-Thomas served for a decade as executive director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference of Greater Los Angeles. During that period he also hosted a public affairs program on Pacifica Radio station KPFK-FM in Los Angeles, Ridley-Thomas is married to Avis Ridley-Thomas, who was the administrator of the Dispute Resolution Center in the office of the Los Angeles City Attorney. She recently retired from The City of Los Angeles and they have twin sons, Sebastian and Sinclair, who are both graduates of Morehouse College. Ridley-Thomas was elected to the Los Angeles City Council in 1991, during his tenure on the council, he empaneled the Eighth District Empowerment Congress, a forerunner of the modern Neighborhood Council. He was also the president pro tem of the council, serving as the acting Mayor of Los Angeles on several occasions, in his 2002 election, he defeated his Republican opponent, Gerard T. Robinson, with more than 80% of the vote. He also sponsored a law that aided redevelopment in Exposition Park as part of an effort to attract a team. In 2006, Ridley-Thomas announced that he was running for the California State Senate and he defeated his opponent in the Democratic primary, Marvin C McCoy, with more than 87% of the vote and faced no Republican opposition in the general election. He was also one of the lawmakers who called for tourists to boycott the LAX Hilton because of its efforts to overturn a city ordinance that would grant a living wage to airport-area hotel workers. He also served on the Senate Appropriations, Energy, Utilities and Communications, Health, on October 25,2007, Ridley-Thomas announced that he would be running for the Second District seat on the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors being vacated by Supervisor Yvonne Brathwaite Burke. His most formidable opponent was former LAPD police chief Bernard C, Parks, the member of the Los Angeles City Council who replaced Ridley-Thomas when he was elected to the State Assembly. Ridley-Thomas was endorsed by the Los Angeles County Democratic Party, the labor unions, numerous elected officials. Ridley-Thomas had a larger margin of victory one-on-one against Parks. Ridley-Thomas became the first black man elected to the Los Angeles County Board. In 2012 Ridley-Thomas ran for his term as Supervisor
4.
Sheila Kuehl
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Sheila James Kuehl is an American politician and former child actor, currently the member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for the 3rd District. In 1994, she became the first openly gay California legislator and in 1997, Kuehl most recently served as a Democratic member of the California State Senate, representing the 23rd district in Los Angeles County and parts of southern Ventura County. A former member of the California State Assembly, she was elected to the Senate in 2000 and she was elected to her supervisorial post in 2014. In her capacity as Supervisor, she sits on the Metro Board, First 5 LA. Kuehl was born Sheila Ann Kuehl in Tulsa, Oklahoma and her father was an airplane construction worker. He was Catholic and her mother was Jewish, as a child actress she performed under the stage name Sheila James. At age seven Kuehls parents noticed that she loved to try to play piano, Kuehls parents agreed to pay for lessons when a door-to-door salesmen came to their home selling Saturday classes for tap-dancing, ballet, and singing lessons at Meglin Studios. Her parents would accompany her by bus for tap-dancing lessons at the studio every Saturday, as the tap instructors wife taught drama classes for an additional 50 cents, Kuehls parents signed her up for those as well. The classes would have recitals on Monday nights to showcase what they had learned, at one recital Kuehl played an assistant in a skit called The Old Sleuth where she sat under a table listening for clues. To indicate she was listening Kuehl made faces which caused the audience to laugh, the skit was ruined but the drama teacher, Mrs. Meglin was impressed. Kuehl later recalled that Meglin told her mother The kid’s pretty funny, and my mother said, Oh, yeah, she can read, she skipped two grades, she’s really very good. Mrs. Meglin said, There’s a radio series holding interviews…at an agent’s office on Sunset Boulevard, would you be interested in taking her to the interview. All she has to do is read… So we went for the interview and there were like 150 or 200 kids there, and I was called back…and eventually I got the part in what probably was the last family radio series before it went all music and news. Airing in the adjacent studios was the popular drama The Cisco Kid, Kuehl would later cite her interaction with the other NBC radio talent as influential in forming her professionalism and comedy skills. The show centred around Singleton playing Penny Williamson a widow selling real estate in a town to support two daughters. Due to her talent exhibited on radio, Kuehls agent convinced her parents to bring her to auditions for a television role. Kuehl later recalled The same 200 kids I think were there for the interview and I was called back and called back and called back, and beginning in 1950, I did that series for six years. Kuehl was signed to play Jackie, Stuart Erwins tomboy daughter, after The Stu Erwin Show ended Kuehl continued to work as an actress while going to school
5.
Janice Hahn
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Janice Kay Hahn is the incumbent member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for the Fourth District. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the Representative from Californias 44th congressional district from 2011 to 2016 and she was previously a Los Angeles City Councilwoman representing the 15th district from 2001-11. From 1997-99 she served as a representative on the Los Angeles Charter Reform Commission. On July 12,2011, Hahn won an election for Congress to fill the seat vacated by Democrat Jane Harman. She defeated Republican Craig Huey, a Tea Party-backed direct marketer from the Torrance area, in February 2015, Hahn announced she was retiring from Congress to run for the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. In the November 8 general election, Hahn defeated Steve Napolitano to succeed Don Knabe to become the next Los Angeles Supervisor from District 4 and she was sworn in on December 5,2016. Hahn was born in Los Angeles and raised in a politically involved family and she is the daughter of Ramona Belle and Kenneth Frederick Hahn, a 40-year Los Angeles County Supervisor who started his career in elective politics as a Los Angeles City Councilman. Her uncle, Gordon Hahn, was a member of the California Assembly and her brother, James Hahn, served as Los Angeles City Controller from 1981–85, City Attorney from 1985 until 2001, and Mayor of Los Angeles from 2001 until 2005. Hahns maternal grandparents served as missionaries in Japan in the 1920s and 1930s, Hahn attended Abilene Christian University in Texas, earning a bachelor of science in education in 1974. She taught at the Good News Academy, a school in Westchester from 1974-78. Hahn was elected to represent the Fifteenth District on the Los Angeles Charter Reform Commission, in 1998, U. S. Congresswoman Jane Harman declined to run for re-election, choosing instead to run for Governor of California. Hahn then won the Democratic nomination to succeed Harman, but lost the election to Republican State Assemblyman Steven T. Kuykendall 49%-47%. Hahn served on the Los Angeles City Council, representing the 15th District, the 15th District encompasses the San Pedro Harbor and includes the ethnically diverse communities of Harbor City, Harbor Gateway, San Pedro, Watts and Wilmington. She was reelected to her third and final term in November 2009 and she has been called one of the most pro-labor members of the City Council, and a consistent opponent of layoffs and furloughs for city workers. Hahn walked the lines with unionized dockworkers in 2002. After the Bush administration suggested it would intervene in the dispute by using government troops to operate the ports. Theres no room for the federal government, theres only one reason for them to get involved, and thats to break the union, she said. Hahn cites her efforts to clean up the Port of Los Angeles as one of her main accomplishments while on the City Council
6.
Kenneth Hahn Hall of Administration
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It is located in the Civic Center district of downtown Los Angeles, encompassing a city block bounded by Grand, Temple, Hill, and Grand Park. On an average workday,2,700 civil servants occupy the building, the Hall of Administration was originally conceived as part of the 1947 Civic Center Master Plan that ultimately transformed Bunker Hill, as the Civic Center expanded westward. Los Angeles County Courthouse, located opposite of the Hall of Administration, was built at the same time, construction for the Hall of Administration began in 1952 and was completed in 1960. Prior to its construction, Los Angeles County Hall of Records housed the Board of Supervisors, the complex was renamed the Kenneth Hahn Hall of Administration in 1992, in honor of Los Angeles Countys longest serving Supervisor, Kenneth Hahn. The Hall of Administration, a 10-story,980,000 square feet complex, is built in the Late Moderne architecture style, the complex was designed by architects Paul R. Williams, Adrian Wilson and the firms Austin, Field & Fry, Stanton & Stockwell. The Hall of Administration sits atop a complex of pedestrian tunnels that connect it to other government buildings in Civic Center. The complex features integrated public art displays, including a pair of sculptures called The Law Givers, by Albert Stewart, on the second floor lobby stands a bronze bust of Abraham Lincoln, sculpted by Emil Seletz in 1958. Civic Center, Los Angeles Grand Park
7.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
8.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
9.
Governor of California
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The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state. The current governor is Jerry Brown, a Democrat who was inaugurated January 3,2011, in October 2013, Jerry Brown surpassed Earl Warren for the longest cumulative period of time served as governor. Governors are elected by ballot and serve terms of four years. Governors take office on the first Monday after January 1 after their election, there are two methods available to remove a governor before the expiration of the gubernatorial term of office. Impeachment and removal by the legislature The governor can be impeached for misconduct in office by the State Assembly, recall by the voters Petitions signed by California state voters equal in number to 12% of the last vote for the office of governor can launch a gubernatorial recall election. The voters can vote on whether or not to recall the incumbent governor. If a majority of the voters in the vote to recall the governor. The 2003 California recall began with a drive that successfully forced sitting Democratic Governor Gray Davis into a special recall election. It marked the first time in the history of California that a governor faced a recall election and he was subsequently voted out of office, becoming the second governor in the history of the United States to be recalled after Lynn Frazier of North Dakota in 1921. He was replaced by Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger, the Lieutenant Governor of California is separately elected during the same election, not jointly as the running mate of the gubernatorial candidate. California has had a governor and a lieutenant governor of different parties 26 of the past 31 years, the lieutenant governor is also the President of the California State Senate. In practice, there is an agreement for the Lieutenant Governor not to perform more than perfunctory duties while the Governor is away from the state. This agreement was violated when Mike Curb was in office, as he signed several executive orders at odds with the Brown administration when Brown was out of the state. Court rulings have upheld the lieutenant governors right to perform the duties, peter Burnett had the longest post-governorship,44 years. He left office in 1851 and died in 1895, excluding governors who died in office, Robert Waterman had the shortest post-governorship. He died on April 12,1891, a three months and four days after the expiration of his term. Sworn in at the age of 30, J. Neely Johnson was the youngest governor from 1856 to 1858, sworn in at the age of 72, Jerry Brown became the oldest governor in 2011. Earl Warren was the governor to serve more than two consecutive terms in office
10.
United States presidential election
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These electors then in turn cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for President and Vice President. The candidate who receives a majority of electoral votes for President or Vice President is then elected to that office. The Electoral College and its procedure is established in the U. S, Constitution by Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 4, and the Twelfth Amendment. C. Casts the same number of votes as the least-represented state. Also under Clause 2, the manner for choosing electors is determined by state legislature. Many state legislatures used to select their electors directly, but over all of them switched to using the popular vote to help determine electors. In modern times, faithless and unpledged electors have not affected the outcome of an election. The Electoral College electors then formally cast their votes on the first Monday after December 12 at their respective state capitals. Congress then certify the results in early January, and the term begins on Inauguration Day. These primary elections are held between January and June before the general election in November, while the nominating conventions are held in the summer. Article Two of the United States Constitution originally established the method of presidential elections and this was a result of a compromise between those constitutional framers who wanted the Congress to choose the president, and those who preferred a national popular vote. Each state is allocated a number of electors that is equal to the size of its delegation in both houses of Congress combined. With the ratification of the 23rd Amendment to the Constitution in 1961, however, U. S. territories are not represented in the Electoral College. Constitutionally, the manner for choosing electors is determined within each state by its legislature, during the first presidential election in 1789, only 6 of the 13 original states chose electors by any form of popular vote. Gradually throughout the years, the states began conducting popular elections to choose their slate of electors, resulting in the overall. Under the original system established by Article Two, electors could cast two votes to two different candidates for president, the candidate with the highest number of votes became the president, and the second-place candidate became the vice president. This presented a problem during the election of 1800 when Aaron Burr received the same number of electoral votes as Thomas Jefferson. In the end, Jefferson was chosen as the president because of Alexander Hamiltons influence in the House of Representatives and this added to the deep rivalry between Burr and Hamilton which resulted in their famous 1804 duel
11.
Don Knabe
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Donald R. Knabe was a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, serving the Fourth District. The long east—west district runs from Marina del Rey and LAX through the South Bay, Los Angeles Harbor Region, Knabe attended Graceland University and graduated with a degree in business administration. After enlisting in the U. S. Navy, Knabe settled in Cerritos, the Knabes owned a small business, and Knabe entered politics in 1978 as one of several candidates for the GOP nomination to replace Del M. Clawson as Congressman from the 33rd District. Knabe lost to La Mirada Mayor Wayne R. Grisham, in 1980, he was elected to the Cerritos City Council on the basis of growth issues. Knabe took a job with Supervisor Deane Danas office in 1982, in 1987, Knabe considered running as a Republican for the state Senate in a special election. However, he backed down in favor of Grisham, whose Congressional seat had been redistricted and was now a state Assemblyman, Knabe retired from the City Council in 1988 to run for the state Senate. After a hard-fought and expensive campaign, Green defeated Knabe by 51% to 49%, in 1996, Deane Dana, the former Supervisor of the 4th District, announced that he would retire in December of that year, after serving 16 years in office. Don Knabe, who had served as Danas chief deputy since 1982, during the campaign, he raised more than $2.6 million, with Danas campaign committee spending more than $152,000 on Knabes behalf. The majority of the contributions came from special interest groups. In the non-partisan primary, he finished first with 40% of the vote, in the general election, he defeated former Rolling Hills Mayor Gordana Swanson, who had given Dana a tough race in 1992. The program was instituted after several publicized cases of child abandonment, the program was quickly adopted statewide. As of August 31,2011,87 babies, in Los Angeles County alone, have been safely surrendered, Knabe was the Chairman for the 2010 session. He was reelected in the June 3,2008 election, Knabes son, Matt Knabe, is a partner at a major Los Angeles lobbying firm, Englander, Knabe & Allen and is a registered County lobbyist. Despite the family ties, Knabe routinely votes on matters involving clients that his son and sons firm represents. The said company paid $72,000 to Matt Knabes firm, later that year, J. D. Knabe & Associates, the firm owned by Knabes wife, Julie, arranged an event for Global 360. June 2006, Knabe voted to approve the expansion of an air park in Agua Dulce. The firm paid Matt Knabes firm $32,800, June 2006, Knabe voted to approve a permit for Browning-Ferris Industries, a landfill operator in Sunshine Canyon. BFI had paid Matt Knabes firm more than $83,000, february 2011, Knabe voted to award a $1.5 million contract to TRC Solutions, a client of Matt Knabes firm
12.
Michael D. Antonovich
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Michael Dennis Antonovich is a politician and was a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. He represented the Fifth District, which covers northern Los Angeles County, including the Antelope Valley, Santa Clarita, Pasadena, Antonovich was born in Los Angeles, California, and attended Thomas Alva Edison Junior High, where one of his classmates was Henry Waxman. He graduated from John Marshall High School and enlisted in the United States Army Reserve in 1957, a member of Sigma Nu fraternity, Antonovich graduated from California State University, Los Angeles in 1963 with a bachelors degree and a Masters degree in 1966. Antonovich taught in the Los Angeles Unified School District and later at Pepperdine University, in 1969, Antonovich was elected to the newly formed Los Angeles Community College District Board of Trustees. In 1972, he was elected to the California State Assembly and for three terms represented Glendale, Burbank, Sunland, Tujunga, Atwater, Griffith Park, Lakeview Terrace and he served as a Republican Whip in the Assembly from 1976 to 1978. Antonovich ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for Lieutenant Governor of California in 1978 against Mike Curb, after Curb defeated him in the primary and in the general election, he declined to specifically endorse Curb, but instead endorsed the entire Republican ticket. Curb defeated incumbent Mervyn Dymally in the general election, in 1984 Antonovich was elected chairman of the California Republican Party and served for two years. He served as Chairman of the Board of Supervisors in 1983,1987 and 1991 and he ran for the U. S. Senate in 1986 in a three-way primary. Antonovich received the endorsement of television evangelist Pat Robertson and he and Bruce Herschensohn were unsuccessful, and Ed Zschau went on to lose to the incumbent, Alan Cranston. Antonovich lost the San Fernando Valley to Herschensohn, on November 8,2016, Antonovich lost the California State Senate election for the 25th District to Democrat Anthony Portantino by a 57 percent to 43 percent. He was re-elected to the Board of Supervisors in 2012 and can serve until 2016, from 2007 to 2013, Antonovich received $1,862,796.59 in campaign contributions, reported by Los Angeles Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk records. Michael D. Antonovich Trail near San Dimas, California, Antonovich objected to the appointment of Duke University professor Erwin Chemerinsky to be dean of the new law school at the University of California, Irvine, and lobbied against it. The university rescinded the appointment, then restored it. On February 15,1998, he married Christine Hu Huiling, Hu has two children with Antonovich, a son, Michael Jr. born in 1999, and a daughter, Mary Christine, born in 2000. Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, official Supervisor Antonovich — District 5 website Metropolitan News-Enterprise, Antonovich profile
13.
Yvonne Brathwaite Burke
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Yvonne Brathwaite Burke is a politician from Los Angeles, California, United States. She was the first African-American woman to represent the West Coast in Congress and she served in congress from 1973 until the end of 1978. She was the Los Angeles County Supervisor representing the 2nd District and she has served as the Chair three times. Her husband is William Burke, a prominent philanthropist and creator of the Los Angeles Marathon, on December 1,2008, she retired from the Board of Supervisors and was replaced by Mark Ridley-Thomas. On Thursday, March 29,2012, she was nominated by President Barack Obama to serve on the Amtrak Board of Directors, born Perle Yvonne Watson on October 5,1932, in Los Angeles to James A. Watson and the former Lola Moore. She married William A. Burke in Los Angeles on June 14,1972 and their daughter Autumn Burke was born on November 23,1973. Burke attended the University of California, Berkeley from c.1949 to 1951 before receiving a degree in political science from the University of California. She subsequently earned a J. D. from the University of Southern California Law School in 1956, many of her early legislative efforts centered around juvenile issues and limiting garnishment of wages. A lot of what she achieved influenced her to others to run after their dream, so she went to childrens hospitals. She said, No matter what is in your way never give up and chase after your dream and she did not seek re-election to Congress in 1978 but instead ran for Attorney General of California. She won the Democratic nomination over Los Angeles City Attorney Burt Pines but was defeated in the election by Republican State Senator George Deukmejian. A. Burke was the first female and first African-American supervisor and her district, however, was largely made up of affluent, conservative white areas on the coast. In 1980, Burke was defeated in her bid for a term in the seat by Republican Deane Dana. In 1982, Brown again appointed her to the Regents, in 1992, Burke ran for the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. After a hard-fought campaign that often turned negative, Burke defeated State Senator Diane Watson, in 2007, she announced that she would retire when her term expired in 2008. Burke responded that she was living at her Brentwood mansion because the townhouse she listed in official political filings was being remodeled, list of African-American United States Representatives Yvonne Brathwaite Burke, Africana, The Encyclopedia. Women Who Make State Laws, p27-34, Yvonne Brathwaite Burke, The Congressional Career of Californias First Black Congresswoman, 1972–1978. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Yvonne Burkes oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
14.
Gloria Molina
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Jesus Gloria Molina is an American politician and a former member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors and the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Molina grew up as one of ten children in the Los Angeles suburb of Pico Rivera, California, United States, to a Mexican-American father and Mexican mother. She attended public schools in her hometown, and attended Rio Hondo College, East Los Angeles College and California State University, while attending college, she worked full-time as a legal secretary. Then she became certified as an adult education instructor and taught clerical skills at the East Los Angeles Skills Center and she was first elected to office in 1982 as State Assemblywoman for the 56th District. In 1987, she was elected to the Los Angeles City Council where she served as the Councilwoman of the First District until 1991, in February 1991, she was elected to the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, representing the First Supervisorial District. Molina is the first Latina in history to be elected to the California State Legislature, the Los Angeles City Council, prior to being elected to public office, Molina served in the Carter White House as a Deputy for Presidential Personnel. After leaving the White House, she served in San Francisco as a Deputy Director for the Department of Health and Human Services. One of Molinas significant achievements was her involvement with the Mothers of East Los Angeles, as city councilwoman, she found government unresponsive to her concerns of yet another proposal to build a prison near schools in the predominantly Chicano and Mexican neighborhood. In April 2006, Molina was honored as the Hispanic Business Woman of the Year by Hispanic Business magazine. In April 2008, Molina introduced legislation to the Board of Supervisors which would increase penalties on food vendors in unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County. The new rules would punish parking of a truck for more than 1 hour with a $1000 fine and/or six months in jail. This move is specifically targeted at vendors operating taco trucks, an institution in East L. A. as well as the county as a whole. Newspaper editorials decried the move, and a petition was set up to attempt to force a repeal of the legislation. The taco vendors have also hired a lawyer to fight their cause, in June 2010, Molina voted yes with two other Los Angeles County supervisors to boycott Arizona because of SB1070. Molina claims in her statement that “This law simply goes too far, ” said Gloria Molina, “A lot of people have pointed out that I am sworn as an L. A. County supervisor to uphold the Constitution, all I can say is that I believe that Arizona’s law is unconstitutional. ”Molina is separated from Ron Martinez, a businessman. They have one daughter, Valentina Gloria Molina Martinez, national Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials Oral history interview with Molina
15.
Zev Yaroslavsky
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Zev Yaroslavsky is a politician from Los Angeles County, California. He was first elected to the board in 1994, Yaroslavsky served on the Los Angeles City Council from 1975 to 1994. He was active in the areas of transportation, the environment, health care, Zev Yaroslavsky, the son of David and Minna Yaroslavsky, was born on December 21,1948, in Los Angeles. He and his sister, Shimona, were the children of Jewish immigrants from Russia. His father was a founder of the Hebrew Teachers Union in Los Angeles, Yaroslavsky recalled that his parents spoke to their children only in Hebrew to prepare them for emigrating to Israel. They took their children to that country when Shimona was thirteen, Yaroslavsky is married to the former Barbara Edelston, whom he met as a student at UCLA. In 1985, when Yaroslavsky was a City Council member, a reporter described their home in the Fairfax District as a drab yellow structure with peeling paint. The reporter noted that Yaroslavsky was known for frugality in his public and private life, spending much of his time following world events in newspapers. Barbara Yaroslavsky was first appointed to the Medical Board of California in 2003 and has served multiple terms as its President. Yaroslavsky attended Melrose Avenue Elementary School, Bancroft Junior High School and he earned a Bachelor of Arts in history and economics from UCLA in 1971 and a master of arts in history, specializing in the British Empire, from the same school in 1972. Afterward, he taught Hebrew at temples in Pasadena and Bel Air. Yaroslavsky first gained notice as a UCLA student who had begun orchestrating high-profile protests in Los Angeles against oppressive treatment of Jews in the Soviet Union. ”In December,1969, they organized a candlelight protest march that would attract more than 5,000 people, including then-Mayor Sam Yorty. He was arrested during one Bolshoi protest but no charges were filed and he also was deeply involved in a campaign to burn Standard Oil credit cards after the company sent a letter to 300,000 stockholders that appeared to support a pro-Arab Middle East policy. He resigned from that job to campaign for the City Council. See also List of Los Angeles municipal election returns,1975, Savitch had secured endorsements from, among others, California’s two U. S. In the primary, Yaroslavsky ran second to Savitch, eliminating from the race Rosalind Wiener Wyman, Wyman endorsed Yaroslavsky in his grass-roots general election campaign. When Yaroslavsky was sworn in as the council’s then-youngest member at age 26, Mayor Bradley quipped, now youre part of the establishment. Yes, ” Yaroslavsky recalled retorting, “but the establishment is not part of me
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Mayor of Los Angeles
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The Mayor of the City of Los Angeles is the official head and chief executive officer of Los Angeles, California. The mayor is elected for a term and limited to serving no more than two terms. Under the California Constitution, all judicial, school, county, the 42nd and current Mayor is Eric Garcetti. Los Angeles has a mayor council form of government, giving the mayor the position of chief executive of the city. The mayor is given the authority to appoint general managers and commissioners, remove officials from city posts, most of the mayors appointments and proposals are subject to approval by the Los Angeles City Council, but the mayor has the power of veto or approval of City Council legislation. The organization of the mayors office changes with administration, but is almost always governed by a chief of staff, deputy chief of staff, director of communications, and several deputy mayors. The mayor has an office in the Los Angeles City Hall and resides at the Mayors Mansion, Getty House, as of Fiscal Year 2015–16, the salary for the mayor is set at $239,993. The mayor is elected in citywide election, the first round of the election is called the primary election. The candidate receiving a majority of the vote in the primary is elected outright, if no candidate receives a majority, the top two candidates advance to a runoff election, called the general election. The City Charter allows for candidates for the primary election. The mayor is elected to a term, with a limit of two consecutive terms. The office of Mayor is officially nonpartisan by state law, although most mayoral candidates identify a party preference, elections for mayor were held in odd-numbered years from 1909 until 2013. In October 2014, the Los Angeles City Council recommended consolidating city elections with gubernatorial and presidential elections in even-numbered years in an effort to increase turnout. On March 3,2015, voters passed an amendment to extend the term of the mayor elected in 2017 to five-and-a-half years. From 2022 and onward, mayoral elections will be consolidated with the gubernatorial elections held every four years. The most recent election was held in May 2013, incumbent mayor Antonio Villaraigosa was ineligible to run for reelection due to term limits. Eric Garcetti and Wendy Greuel received the most votes in the March primary, Garcetti assumed office July 1,2013, becoming the 42nd mayor of Los Angeles. In the case of a vacancy, the City Council has a choice to appoint a new mayor or to hold a special election
17.
Los Angeles County Fire Department
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As of 2013 the department is responsible for just over 4 million residents spread out in over 1.2 million housing units across an area of 2,305 square miles. The department is commanded by Chief Daryl L. Osby with an budget of $939 million. The Los Angeles County Fire Department began in 1920, and was known as the Los Angeles County Forestry Department and Los Angeles County Fire Protection Districts. The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors enlisted Stuart J. Flintham to lead the new department and he succeeded in opening 30 Fire Protection Districts, which served, and continue to serve, towns and the unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County. Cities could choose to join the Fire Protection District by allocating property tax for this service, cities formed as contract cities in the post-World War II period normally retained membership in the Fire Protection District. Following the passage of Proposition 13 in 1978, property taxes were capped at 1%, properties within the district that are not covered under a fee for service arrangement also pay a special fire tax as a result of Proposition E, passed in 1997. The Los Angeles County Fire Department Emergency Operations are commanded by Chief David R. Richardson, the 4 Bureaus that the Chief Deputy oversees contain the bulk of the firefighting and rescue personnel and apparatus that the Fire Department provides, as well as the Technical Services Division. The 3 Operations Bureaus consist of the fire stations and camps that are geographically based. The 3 Operations Bureaus of LACoFD serve 58 cities with 22 Battalions and 9 Divisions, each Division is commanded by an assistant chief, the only exception being the Lifeguard Division, which is led by the Chief Lifeguard. The LACoFD has 8 fire camps with handcrews which are used for fire prevention and wildland firefighting. Inmates assigned to the camps are nonviolent offenders who have completed physical and they are trained by county firefighters to help fight fires and assist with clearing brush and debris. The camps are run in conjunction with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, the Los Angeles County Lifeguards are an entity within the Los Angeles County Fire Department, serving the 72 miles coastline that Los Angeles County shares with the Pacific Ocean. As of 2013 the division employed 151 year-round lifeguards with an additional 630 seasonal lifeguards for the busy summers and these personnel staff the 159 lifeguard towers and 23 stations. All lifeguards are EMT certified and have training in rescue operations as well as swift water rescue. The LACoFD sponsors one of the eight FEMA Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces in California, County Fire Apparatus are painted reddish-orange as opposed to Los Angeles City Fire Department which are fire engine red. The benefit of a quint is that it also has a built in pump and water tank, the LA County Fire Department has 9 helicopters available for search and rescue as well as aerial firefighting. With the exception of Copter 10 which is used primarily for command purposes, all copters are outfitted with water tanks for aerial firefighting. The headquarters for the Air Operations Section is located at Barton Heliport, three Sikorsky S-70A Firehawks Copter 15, Copter 16 and Copter 19, are each capable of transporting up to 4 patients and are fitted with 1,000 US gallons tanks
18.
Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department
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With 17,694 total employees the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department, officially the County of Los Angeles Sheriffs Department, is the nations largest Sheriff’s Department. The Department’s three, and the housing and transportation of inmates within the county jail system, the Departments headquarters are located in downtown Los Angeles at the Los Angeles County Hall of Justice. The Los Angeles County Sheriffs Department is the largest sheriffs department, there are approximately 17,926 employees, over 9,972 sworn deputies and 7,954 non sworn members. There are an additional 4,200 civilian volunteers,791 reserve deputies and 400 explorers, on December 1,2014, Jim McDonnell took the oath of office and was sworn in as the 32nd Los Angeles County Sheriff. Court Services Division - Provides security and support services to the Superior Court in the County of Los Angeles and this includes staffing bailiffs, operating courthouse lock-ups, and serving and enforcing civil and criminal process. The Detail also trains personnel in the handling of labor disputes. South Patrol Division - Carson, Cerritos, Lakewood, Lomita, Norwalk, east Patrol Division - Altadena, Crescenta Valley, Industry, San Dimas, Temple, and Walnut/Diamond Bar. Central Patrol Division - Avalon, Century, Compton, Marina Del Rey, reserves may use either STARS Center or College of the Canyons for academy training. Academy training is 22 weeks long, many law enforcement agencies throughout Los Angeles County utilize STARS Center and deputy sheriff trainees graduating as deputy sheriffs also undergo detention-specific training. There are separate academy curricula for Deputy Sheriffs, Custody Assistants, Security Officers, the Los Angeles County Sheriffs Department operates the largest jail system in the world. The Los Angeles County Jail provides short-term incarceration services for all of the County, the Mens Central Jail and Twin Towers Correctional Facility are located in a dense cluster northeast of Union Station that is next to the stations rail yard. The North County Correctional Facility is the largest of the four facilities located at the Pitchess Detention Center in Castaic. County womens jail, called the Century Regional Detention Facility or the Lynwood Jail, is located in Lynwood, the Los Angeles County Jail incarcerates about 200,000 individuals each year, and with such large numbers, the jail has faced numerous problems with its facilities. In May 2013, the Mens Central Jail and the Twin Towers Correctional Facility ranked as one of the ten worst prisons in the United States, one of such issues is visitation controversy, exemplified by a recent event in the Mens Central Jail. 23-year-old male Gabriel Carillo was severely beaten and pepper sprayed by a deputy in Los Angeles Mens Central Jail on Saturday, Carillo was there with his girlfriend, Grace Torres, to visit his younger brother. Both Torres and Carillo brought their cell phones into the jail and were caught having the phones on them, the deputies confiscated both phones shortly after, handcuffed Carillo, and took both Carillo and Torres into the break room, where Carillo was assaulted. Following the controversy, Los Angeles County Sheriff, Lee Baca, construction of a new jail has been proposed to replace the Mens Central Jail. Another challenge that the Los Angeles County Jail faces is violence within the jail community, many researchers assert that the violence seen in jails is in part due to males wanting to maintain a position of superiority
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Downtown Los Angeles
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Downtown Los Angeles is the central business district of Los Angeles, California, as well as a diverse residential neighborhood of some 58,000 people. A2013 study found that the district is home to over 500,000 jobs, Downtown Los Angeles is known for its government buildings, parks, theaters and other public places. The earliest known settlements in the area of what is now Downtown Los Angeles was by the Tongva, on September 4,1781, the city was founded by a group of settlers who trekked north from present-day Mexico. Land speculation increased in the 1880s, which saw the population of the city explode from 11,000 in 1880 to nearly 100,000 by 1896. Infrastructure enhancements and the laying of a street grid eventually brought development south of the settlement into what is today the Civic Center. By 1920, the private and municipal rail lines were the most far-flung and most comprehensive in the world in mileage. By this time, an influx of residents and aggressive land developers had transformed the city into a large metropolitan area. Rail lines connected four counties with over 1,100 miles of track, during the early part of the 20th century, banking institutions clustered around South Spring Street, forming the Spring Street Financial District. The Los Angeles Stock Exchange was also located on the corridor from 1929 until 1986 before moving into a new building across the Harbor Freeway, Broadway became the nightlife, shopping and entertainment district of the city, with over a dozen theater and movie palaces built before 1932. Numerous specialty stores also flourished including those in the business which gave rise to the Downtown Jewelry District. Among these early jewelers included the Laykin Diamond Company and Harry Winston & Co. both of which found their beginnings in the Alexandria Hotel at 5th and Spring Streets. The Los Angeles Union Passenger Terminal opened in May,1939, unifying passenger service among local, regional. It was built on a scale and would be one of the last of the Great Railway Stations built in the United States. Following World War II, suburbanization, the development of the Los Angeles freeway network, many corporate headquarters slowly dispersed to new suburbs or fell to mergers and acquisitions. The once-wealthy Bunker Hill neighborhood became a haven for low-income renters, the drastic reduction in the number of residents in the area further reduced the viability of streetfront businesses that would be able to attract pedestrians. For most Angelenos, downtown became a destination as they would come into the area for a particular objective. This period saw the clearing and upzoning of the neighborhood as well as the shuttering of the Angels Flight funicular railway in 1969. Angels Flight resumed operation in 1996 for a period of five years, on March 15,2010, the railway once again opened for passenger service following extensive upgrades to brake and safety systems
20.
Robert's Rules of Order
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Roberts Rules of Order Newly Revised, commonly referred to as Robert’s Rules of Order, is the most widely-used manual of parliamentary procedure in America. The manual was first published in 1876 by U. S. Army officer Henry Martyn Robert, ten subsequent editions have been published, including major revisions in 1915 and 1970. The copyright to Roberts Rules of Order Newly Revised is owned by the Roberts Rules Association, the 11th and current edition was published in 2011. In 2005, the Roberts Rules Association published a concise guide. A second edition of the book was published in 2011. The procedures prescribed by the book were loosely modeled after those used in the United States House of Representatives, although he was in the military, the rules in his book were not based on military rules. He eventually became convinced of the need for a new manual on the subject, by this time Robert had long been retired from the Army with the rank of brigadier general. The revisions were based on the feedback from hundreds of letters that Robert had received through the years, through a family trust, and later through the Roberts Rules Association, several subsequent editions of Roberts Rules of Order have been published, including another major revision of the work. The Seventh Edition, published in February 1970 on the 94th anniversary of the publication of the First Edition, was the first under the title Roberts Rules of Order Newly Revised. The subsequent editions were based on feedback from users, including feedback received by electronic means in recent years. These later editions included material from Roberts Parliamentary Practice and Parliamentary Law, the current edition of the series became effective on September 23,2011 under the title Roberts Rules of Order Newly Revised, Eleventh Edition. More than five and a million copies have been printed. The following table list the official versions of the body of known as Roberts Rules of Order developed by Henry M. Robert. As a result, a book was developed. A second edition of this guide was published in 2011 to conform with the current Eleventh Edition of Roberts Rules of Order Newly Revised. The In Brief book is the only authorized concise guide for Roberts Rules of Order Newly Revised and is intended as a book for those unfamiliar with parliamentary procedure. The authors say, In only twenty minutes, the reader can learn the bare essentials. It is meant to be a supplement to the current edition of Roberts Rules of Order Newly Revised and is not suitable for adoption as a parliamentary authority in itself
21.
Pledge of Allegiance (United States)
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The official name of The Pledge of Allegiance was adopted in 1945. The last change in language came on Flag Day 1954 when the words under God were added, congressional sessions open with the recital of the Pledge, as do many government meetings at local levels, and meetings held by many private organizations. All states except four give time for the pledge to be recited as part of the school day, when not in uniform men should remove any non-religious headdress with their right hand and hold it at the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart. Persons in uniform should remain silent, face the flag, members of the Armed Forces not in uniform and veterans may render the military salute in the manner provided for persons in uniform. However, there existed a version created by Colonel George Balch. Balchs pledge, which existed parallel to the Bellamy version until the 1923 National Flag Conference, read, We give our heads and hearts to God and our country, one country, one language, one flag. Bellamy, however, did not approve of the pledge as Balch had written it, referring to the text as too juvenile, the event was conceived and promoted by James B. Upham, a marketer for the magazine, as a campaign to instill the idea of American nationalism in students, according to author Margarette S. Miller, this campaign was in line both with Uphams patriotic vision as well as with his commercial interest. Bellamys original Pledge read, I pledge allegiance to my Flag, the Pledge was supposed to be quick and to the point. Bellamy designed it to be recited in 15 seconds and this arrangement was formalized when Harrison issued Presidential Proclamation 335. In his recollection of the creation of the Pledge Francis Bellamy said, At the beginning of the nineties patriotism, the patriotic ardor of the Civil War was an old story. The time was ripe for a reawakening of simple Americanism and the leaders in the new movement rightly felt that education should begin in the public schools. Would have a flag raising, under the most impressive conditions, Bellamy recalled that the event had to be more than a list of exercises. The ritual must be prepared with simplicity and dignity, edna Dean Proctor wrote an ode for the event, and There was also an oration suitable for declamation. Bellamy held that Of course, the nub of the program was to be the raising of the flag and he found There was not a satisfactory enough form for this salute. The Balch salute, which ran, I give my heart and my hand to my country, one country, one language, one flag, seemed to him too juvenile and lacking in dignity. After working on the idea with Upham, Bellamy concluded, It was my thought that a vow of loyalty or allegiance to the flag should be the dominant idea, I especially stressed the word allegiance. Bellamy considered the country, nation, or Republic, choosing the last as it distinguished the form of government chosen by the founding fathers
22.
Consul (representative)
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A consul is distinguished from an ambassador, the latter being a representative from one head of state to another. In Classical Greece, some of the functions of the modern consul were fulfilled by a proxenos, unlike the modern position, this was a citizen of the host polity. The proxenos was usually a rich merchant who had ties with another city. The position of proxenos was often hereditary in a particular family, modern honorary consuls fulfil a function that is to a degree similar to that of the ancient Greek institution. Consuls were the highest magistrates of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire, the term was revived by the Republic of Genoa, which, unlike Rome, bestowed it on various state officials, not necessarily restricted to the highest. The Consolat de mar was an institution established under the reign of Peter IV of Aragon in the fourteenth century and it was primarily a judicial body, administering maritime and commercial law as Lex Mercatoria. Although the Consolat de mar was established by the Corts General of the Crown of Aragon and this distinction between consular and diplomatic functions remains to this day. Modern consuls retain limited powers to settle disputes on ships from their country. The Consulado de mercaderes was set up in 1543 in Seville as a merchant guild to control trade with Latin America, as such, it had branches in the principal cities of the Spanish colonies. The connection of consul with trade and commercial law is retained in French, in francophone countries, a juge consulaire is a non-professional judge elected by the chamber of commerce to settle commercial disputes in the first instance. Like the term embassy, the consulate may refer not only to the office of consul. The consulate may share premises with the embassy itself, a consul of the highest rank is termed a consul-general, and his or her office a consulate-general. He or she typically has one or several deputy consuls-general, consuls, vice-consuls, consulates-general need not have their offices in the capital city, but rather could have them in the most important/appropriate cities in terms of bilateral relations. In the United States, for example, most countries have a consulate-general in New York City, consuls of various ranks may have specific legal authority for certain activities, such as notarizing documents. As such, diplomatic personnel with other responsibilities may receive consular letters patent, aside from those outlined in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, there are few formal requirements outlining what a consular official must do. Nonetheless, consulates proper will be headed by consuls of various ranks, and although it is never admitted publicly, consulates, like embassies, may also gather intelligence information from the assigned country. Contrary to popular belief, although many of the staff of consulates may be career diplomats, in practice, the extension and application of consular privileges and immunities can be subject to wide discrepancies from country to country. Consulates are more numerous than diplomatic missions, such as embassies, ambassadors are posted only in a foreign nations capital
23.
Muzzle (device)
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A muzzle is a device that is placed over the snout of an animal to keep it from biting or otherwise opening its mouth. Leather, wire, plastic, and nylon are common materials for muzzles, the shape and construction of the muzzle might differ depending on whether the intent is to prevent an animal from biting or from eating, for example. Muzzles are sometimes used on untrained dogs, large or small and they can also be used on dogs who display aggression, whether motivated by excitement, fear or prey drive. They are usually made with a buckle or other fastening device to ensure that they do not come off accidentally. Muzzles are also used on dogs when there is a risk of them taking baits that have laid for vermin. The most suitable materials for dog muzzles are leather, nylon, plastic, the most comfortable muzzles for dogs are those with wire cage construction. Muzzles of this kind give enough freedom for a dog to eat, drink, the latter two are of vital importance, especially in hot weather. Dog muzzles can be found in most pet supply stores, certain muzzles with a wire-like structure are used on horses and related animals, usually to prevent biting or cribbing. Horses trained for airscenting, for search and rescue or police work and this helps to keep them focused on their work, because they cannot easily snatch bites of grass. Horse muzzles may be purchased in shops or from equestrian supply companies. Elizabethan collar Article from ASPCAs Virtual Pet Behaviorist on teaching your dog to wear a muzzle
24.
KLCS
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KLCS, channel 58, is a non-commercial educational television station located in Los Angeles, California, United States. The station is licensed to the Los Angeles Unified School District, kLCSs studios are located in downtown Los Angeles, adjacent to Downtown Magnets High School, and its transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson. KLCS is one of three Public Broadcasting Service member stations in the Los Angeles television market, the others are KVCR-DT in San Bernardino, KLCS is the fifth most-watched public television station in the country. In October 1957, the Los Angeles Unified School District began producing televised instructional programs to be viewed in school by students. Over the years, the district earned the support of teachers and administrators who were impressed with the effectiveness of the programs on the experience in the classroom. In 1963, the LAUSD began the process to acquire a license from the Federal Communications Commission. In 1967, the district applied for and later received state and federal grants to build. In the summer of year, advocates for the LAUSD testified before the FCC on the benefits of an instructional television station for students, staff. It is one of five television stations licensed in the Los Angeles market that continue to utilize their original call signs, alongside KTLA, KTTV, KCET and KMEX-TV. Since 1984, KLCS has produced Homework Hotline, a weekday afterschool call-in program where students receive homework help from LAUSD teachers, unlike most public television stations, KLCS neither holds an annual pledge drive nor broadcasts its programming in high definition. However, its website lists special premiums and discounts given to subscribers who support the station at various levels, including recognition on-air and in KLCS monthly viewer magazine. One subchannel may continue overnight programming, such as for Create programs or regular meetings of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, in lieu of a test pattern, a overnight-themed title card is aired reminding viewers to tune in the next morning when programming resumes. This made KLCS one of the largest television stations in the United States by market size to still have traditional sign-on, KLCS has since resumed a 24-hour schedule. Its second digital subchannel also broadcasts 24 hours a day and is featured as part of DirecTVs digital programming package, when Janalyn Glymph retired Sabrina Fair-Thomas became general manager in July of 2012 after being with the station for over 25 years. Thomas unexpectedly passed away October 20,2016, a new GM will be chosen by the LAUSD after a candidate and selection process. The stations digital channel is multiplexed, *The Annenberg Channel originally aired on channel 58.4 until October 1,2008, when that service was discontinued. KLCS shut down its signal, over UHF channel 58, at 3 p. m. on June 12,2009. The experiment, which occurred in March 2014, was deemed successful, both stations will retain separate licenses
25.
King County, Washington
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King County is a county located in the U. S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 census its population was 1,931,249, King is the most populous county in Washington, and the 13th-most populous in the United States. The county seat is Seattle, which is the states largest city, King County is one of three Washington counties that are included in the Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue metropolitan statistical area. About two-thirds of King Countys population lives in the citys suburbs, as of 2011, King County was the 86th highest-income county in the United States. The county was named after William Rufus King who was Vice President when the Washington Territory was created in 1853. In 1986, a motion was introduced to change the namesake to Martin Luther King Jr, no public votes or hearings were taken on the change. On February 24,1986, the King County Council passed Council Motion 6461 five votes to four setting forth the basis for the renaming of King County in honor of Martin Luther King. Because only the state can charter counties, this change was not made official until April 19,2005, the County Council submitted a vote to the public on February 27,2006 to change the countys logo from a royal crown to an image of King. On March 12,2007, the new logo was unveiled, Martin Luther King Jr. visited King County for two days in November 1961. Seattle was made the county seat on January 11,1853, King County originally extended to the Olympic Peninsula. The stated reason for the change was the revelation that William Rufus DeVane King was a slaveowner and a gentle slave monger according to John Quincy Adams. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 2,307 square miles. King County has nearly twice the area of the state of Rhode Island. The highest point in the county is Mount Daniel at 2,426 meters above sea level, King County borders Snohomish County to the north, Kitsap County to the west, Kittitas County to the east, and Pierce County to the south. It also shares a border with Chelan County to the northeast. King County includes Vashon Island and Maury Island in Puget Sound, King Countys own center of population was located on Mercer Island. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,931,249 people,789,232 households, the population density was 912.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 851,261 housing units at a density of 402.4 per square mile
26.
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
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ICE has two primary components, Homeland Security Investigations and Enforcement and Removal Operations. ICE is charged with the investigation and enforcement of over 400 federal statutes within the United States, ICE is led by a director who is appointed at the sub-Cabinet level by the President, confirmed by the Senate, and reports directly to the Secretary of Homeland Security. ICE is the second-largest criminal investigative agency in the U. S. government after the FBI, U. S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement was formed pursuant to the Homeland Security Act of 2002 following the events of September 11,2001. Consequently, ICE is the largest investigative arm of the Department of Homeland Security, the Federal Protective Service was later transferred from ICE to the National Protection and Programs Directorate effective October 28,2009. In 2003, Asa Hutchinson moved the Federal Air Marshals Service from the Transportation Security Administration to ICE, U. S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement is responsible for identifying and eliminating border, economic, transportation, and infrastructure security vulnerabilities. There is an estimate of more than 20,000 ICE employees in approximately over 400 offices within the United States including 46 other countries. The organization is composed of two law enforcement directorates and several divisions each headed by a director who reports to an Executive Associate Director. The divisions of ICE provide investigation, interdiction and security services to the public, HSI agents can be requested to provide security for VIPs, and also augment the U. S. Secret Service during overtaxed times such as special security events and elections, HSI was formerly known as the ICE Office of Investigations. HSI has more than 6,500 special agents, making it the largest investigative entity in the Department of Homeland Security, the Office of Intelligence is a subcomponent of HSI that employs a variety of special agents and Intelligence Research Specialists to facilitate HSIs tactical and strategic intelligence demands. Collectively, these intelligence professionals collect, analyze, and disseminate intelligence for use by the elements of DHS. The Office of Intelligence works closely with the components of other federal, state. HSI agents assigned to FIGs generally focus on Human Intelligence collection, International Operations, formerly known as the Office of International Affairs, is a subcomponent of HSI with agents stationed in 60 locations around the world. HSIs foreign offices, known as Attaché Offices, work with governments to identify. Seventeen HSI field offices maintain a Special Response Team that operates similarly to a federal SWAT element for the area of responsibility. There is also a team of instructors and coordinators stationed full-time in Columbus and these teams primarily deploy to handle high-risk operations, but also assist in events such as Hurricane Katrina, the Haiti earthquake 2010, and other natural disasters around the globe. SRT is a collateral duty open to HSI agents assigned to an office with a certified team, to qualify, candidates must pass a physical fitness test, qualify with multiple firearms by shooting 90% or better in full tactical gear, and pass an oral interview process. If a candidate passes these stages and is voted on the team, they are then designated Green Team members
27.
American Civil Liberties Union
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It works through litigation and lobbying. The ACLU has 1,000,000 members and a budget of over $100 million. Local affiliates of the ACLU are active in almost all 50 states, the District of Columbia, the ACLU provides legal assistance in cases when it considers civil liberties to be at risk. In addition to representing persons and organizations in lawsuits, the ACLU lobbies for policy positions that have established by its board of directors. The two organizations share office space and employees, during the 1930s, the ACLU started to engage in work combating police misconduct and supporting Native American rights. Many of the ACLUs cases involved the defense of Communist party members, in 1940, the ACLU leadership voted to exclude Communists from its leadership positions, a decision rescinded in 1968. During World War II, the ACLU defended Japanese-American citizens, unsuccessfully trying to prevent their forcible relocation to internment camps, during the Cold War, the ACLU headquarters was dominated by anti-Communists, but many local affiliates defended members of the Communist Party. By 1964, membership had risen to 80,000, in the 1960s, the ACLU continued its decades-long effort to enforce separation of church and state. It defended several anti-war activists during the Vietnam War, in the 1970s and 1980s, the ACLU ventured into new legal areas, involving the rights of homosexuals, students, prisoners, and the poor. Fundraising and membership spiked after the 2016 election, the ACLUs current membership is more than 1.2 million, the ACLU is led by a president and an executive director, Susan N. Herman and Anthony Romero, respectively, in 2015. The president acts as chairman of the ACLUs board of directors, leads fundraising, the executive director manages the day-to-day operations of the organization. The board of directors consists of 80 persons, including representatives from each state affiliate, the organization has its headquarters in 125 Broad Street, a 40-story skyscraper located in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The leadership of the ACLU does not always agree on policy decisions, in 1937, an internal debate erupted over whether to defend Henry Fords right to distribute anti-union literature. In 1939, a debate took place over whether to prohibit communists from serving in ACLU leadership roles. During the early 1950s and Cold War McCarthyism, the board was divided on whether to defend communists, in 1968, a schism formed over whether to represent Dr. Spocks anti-war activism. In 1973, there was conflict over whether to call for the impeachment of Richard Nixon. In 2005, there was conflict about whether or not a gag rule should be imposed on ACLU employees to prevent publication of internal disputes. Membership dues are treated as donations, members choose the amount they pay annually, in the year ending March 31,2014, the combined expenses of the ACLU and ACLU Foundation were $133.4 million, spent on programs, management, and fundraising
28.
Los Angeles Times
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The Los Angeles Times, commonly referred to as the Times or LA Times, is a paid daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. It was the largest metropolitan newspaper in circulation in the United States in 2008, the Times is owned by tronc. The Times was first published on December 4,1881, as the Los Angeles Daily Times under the direction of Nathan Cole Jr. and it was first printed at the Mirror printing plant, owned by Jesse Yarnell and T. J. Unable to pay the bill, Cole and Gardiner turned the paper over to the Mirror Company. Mathes had joined the firm, and it was at his insistence that the Times continued publication, in July 1882, Harrison Gray Otis moved from Santa Barbara to become the papers editor. Otis made the Times a financial success, in an era where newspapers were driven by party politics, the Times was directed at Republican readers. As was typical of newspapers of the time, the Times would sit on stories for several days, historian Kevin Starr wrote that Otis was a businessman capable of manipulating the entire apparatus of politics and public opinion for his own enrichment. Otiss editorial policy was based on civic boosterism, extolling the virtues of Los Angeles, the efforts of the Times to fight local unions led to the October 1,1910 bombing of its headquarters, killing twenty-one people. Two union leaders, James and Joseph McNamara, were charged, the American Federation of Labor hired noted trial attorney Clarence Darrow to represent the brothers, who eventually pleaded guilty. Upon Otiss death in 1917, his son-in-law, Harry Chandler, Harry Chandler was succeeded in 1944 by his son, Norman Chandler, who ran the paper during the rapid growth of post-war Los Angeles. Family members are buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery near Paramount Studios, the site also includes a memorial to the Times Building bombing victims. The fourth generation of family publishers, Otis Chandler, held that position from 1960 to 1980, Otis Chandler sought legitimacy and recognition for his familys paper, often forgotten in the power centers of the Northeastern United States due to its geographic and cultural distance. He sought to remake the paper in the model of the nations most respected newspapers, notably The New York Times, believing that the newsroom was the heartbeat of the business, Otis Chandler increased the size and pay of the reporting staff and expanded its national and international reporting. In 1962, the paper joined with the Washington Post to form the Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service to syndicate articles from both papers for news organizations. During the 1960s, the paper won four Pulitzer Prizes, more than its previous nine decades combined, eventually the coupon-clipping branches realized that they could make more money investing in something other than newspapers. Under their pressure the companies went public, or split apart, thats the pattern followed over more than a century by the Los Angeles Times under the Chandler family. The papers early history and subsequent transformation was chronicled in an unauthorized history Thinking Big and it has also been the whole or partial subject of nearly thirty dissertations in communications or social science in the past four decades. In 2000, the Tribune Company acquired the Times, placing the paper in co-ownership with then-WB -affiliated KTLA, which Tribune acquired in 1985
29.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
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The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the Civil Rights Movement on August 6,1965, and Congress later amended the Act five times to expand its protections. According to the U. S. Department of Justice, the Act is considered to be the most effective piece of civil rights legislation enacted in the country. The Act contains numerous provisions that regulate election administration, the Acts general provisions provide nationwide protections for voting rights. Section 2 is a provision that prohibits every state and local government from imposing any voting law that results in discrimination against racial or language minorities. Other general provisions specifically outlaw literacy tests and similar devices that were used to disenfranchise racial minorities. The Act also contains provisions that apply to only certain jurisdictions. Another special provision requires jurisdictions containing significant language minority populations to provide bilingual ballots, Section 5 and most other special provisions apply to jurisdictions encompassed by the coverage formula prescribed in Section 4. The coverage formula was designed to encompass jurisdictions that engaged in egregious voting discrimination in 1965. In Shelby County v. Holder, the U. S. Supreme Court struck down the formula as unconstitutional. The Court did not strike down Section 5, but without a coverage formula, as initially ratified, the United States Constitution granted each state complete discretion to determine voter qualifications for its residents. After the Civil War, the three Reconstruction Amendments were ratified and limited this discretion and these Amendments also empower Congress to enforce their provisions through appropriate legislation. To enforce the Reconstruction Amendments, Congress passed the Enforcement Acts in the 1870s, the Acts criminalized the obstruction of a citizens voting rights and provided for federal supervision of the electoral process, including voter registration. However, in 1875 the Supreme Court struck down parts of the legislation as unconstitutional in United States v. Cruikshank, after the Reconstruction Era ended in 1877, enforcement of these laws became erratic, and in 1894, Congress repealed most of their provisions. Southern states generally sought to disenfranchise racial minorities during and after Reconstruction, from 1868 to 1888, electoral fraud and violence throughout the South suppressed the African-American vote. During this period, the Supreme Court generally upheld efforts to discriminate against racial minorities, in Giles v. Harris, the Court held that irrespective of the Fifteenth Amendment, the judiciary did not have the remedial power to force states to register racial minorities to vote. In the 1950s, the Civil Rights Movement increased pressure on the government to protect the voting rights of racial minorities. In 1957, Congress passed the first civil rights legislation since Reconstruction, although these acts helped empower courts to remedy violations of federal voting rights, strict legal standards made it difficult for the Department of Justice to successfully pursue litigation
30.
Azusa, California
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Azusa is a city in the San Gabriel Valley, at the foot of the San Gabriel Mountains in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The A on the San Gabriel Mountains represents the city of Azusa, the population was 46,361 at the 2010 census, up from 44,712 at the 2000 census. Azusa is located along historic Route 66, which passes through the city on Foothill Boulevard and Alosta Avenue. Azusa stands for everything from A to Z in the U. S. A. has been a phrase used to promote the town by boosters such as the Chamber of Commerce for many years. The place name Azusa actually dates to the Mexican Alta California era in the 19th century when Azusa was used to refer to the San Gabriel Valley and it appears to have been derived from the Tongva place name Asuksagna. The area was part of the Tongva peoples homeland since at least 55 CE, the first Mexican settlement in Azusa was at the Rancho el Susa in 1841, a Mexican land grant from the Alta California Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado to Luis Arenas. In 1844 Arenas sold the land to Henry Dalton, an English immigrant and wealthy merchant from the Pueblo of Los Angeles. He renamed it Rancho Azusa de Dalton, and had built a winery, distillery, vinegar house, meat smokehouse, Dalton built a house here on a place known as Dalton Hill, near 6th Street and Cerritos Avenue in Azusa. Dalton was also the owner of the adjacent and large Rancho San Francisquito, in the end Dalton owned an unbroken expanse of land from the present day San Dimas to the eastern edge of Pasadena. The decree was reversed by the US Supreme Court, and the grant was patented to Henry Dalton in 1867. The 1870 US Census listed the area as the township of Azusa - El Monte Township and 1880 US Census listed the area as the township of San Josi and Azusa. There were a few corrections to cross out the San Josi name on most of the census pages, Dalton had borrowed money from Los Angeles banker Jonathan S. Slauson to fund 24 years of litigation, and had to sign the land over to him in 1880. Slauson laid out the plan for the city in 1887 and the city was incorporated in 1898. The completion of the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad in January 1887, later sold to the Santa Fe railroad, brought new people looking for homes, the Gold Line Foothill light rail line is being built on the old rail right-of-way. Part of this boom was the short lived town of Gladstone. The city is located at the entrance to the San Gabriel Canyon and it is on the east side of the San Gabriel River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 9.7 square miles. Azusa is located at 34°7′50″N 117°54′25″W, sister cities Azusa has one sister city, Zacatecas, State of Zacatecas, Mexico
31.
Baldwin Park, California
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Baldwin Park is a city located in the central San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 75,390, Baldwin Park began as part of cattle grazing land belonging to the San Gabriel Mission. It eventually became part of the Rancho Azusa de Dalton and the Rancho La Puente properties, the community became known as Vineland in 1860. By 1906 it changed to Baldwin Park and it was named after Elias J. Lucky Baldwin. In 1956 Baldwin Park became the 47th incorporated city in the State of California, currently the city is pushing to revitalize its economic base. There are six active Project Redevelopment Areas located in areas of the city. Baldwin Park is home to the first In-N-Out burger stand, opened on October 22,1948 and it was the first drive-thru in California and was replaced in November 2004 with a new building. The new In-N-Out University and company store opened in 2006 on Francisquito Avenue, also, the companys first meatpacking plant is located down the street from the locations at the company headquarters on Hamburger Lane. In/N/Out now has a meat processing plant in Texas to serve their Texas restaurants. As of September 1882, the first school house was built on the southeast corner of North Maine and it contained two rows of double seats, a central aisle leading to the teachers desk, and a heating stove at the north end. Mr. Frazier was the first teacher, in April 1888, The Vineland School District was established according to county records. The first Board of Trustees took office on July 1,1888, the building was sold in 1890 and moved to another site for a private residence. The district built the school in 1890 and hired two teachers, Miss Ellen Lang and Miss Venna O. Finney. The second school house was relegated to the past in 1912 and it later became a private Japanese school and stood as a landmark until it caught fire on September 5,1936, and burned to the ground. Today, the Baldwin Park Unified School District lies contiguously with the citys borders, there are 23 schools within this district. The budget is well over $100 million, currently the district is building new school structures to accommodate growth. The district is adopting data driven strategies to help students achieve better scores in the API tests, there is an active push by the district to hire new teachers while providing retirement incentives for teachers who wish to retire. In the 1950s Vias Turkey Ranch was about one mile from the now 10 Freeway just off of Frazier Avenue and this huge commercial turkey ranch was famous in the Valley for a huge outdoor aviary with a unique selection of birds
32.
Bell, California
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Bell is an incorporated city in Los Angeles County, California, near the center of the former San Antonio Township. Its population was 35,477 at the 2010 census, down from 36,664 in the 2000 census, Bell is located on the west bank of the Los Angeles River and is a suburb of the city of Los Angeles. At 2.5 square miles, Bell is the thirteenth smallest city in the United States with a population of at least 25,000. In 2007, the U. S. Census Bureau ranked Bells land area at 1245 out of 1257 cities, ten cities in the list of 1267 cities had no land area data. City residents voted to become a city in a special municipal election on November 29,2005. Fewer than 400 voters turned out for special election. More than half of votes were dubiously obtained absentee votes. Being a charter city meant that city officials were exempt from state salary caps, a scandal ensued, in which several city officials were indicted for giving themselves extraordinarily high salaries. The area comprising the city of Bell has a Native American history dating back thousands of years, the Gabrieliño Indians migrated to the place now called Bell in 500 BC. Spaniards have been living in this area of California since the mid-16th century, among the early Spanish settlers was one of California’s first families, the Lugos. While stationed at Mission San Antonio de Padua near Salinas, California, Francisco Lugo’s first California son and that son became Don Antonio Maria Lugo, Spanish aristocrat and soldier, who settled on 30,000 acres of land that encompasses what is now the city of Bell. In 1810, the King of Spain formally granted the land to Lugo as a reward for his military service, Lugo also became the mayor of a little town called Los Angeles, from 1816–1819, and the acreage became known as Rancho San Antonio. The grant was confirmed by the Mexican governor in 1838, by 1865, the Lugo familys fortune had dwindled and most of the Rancho was sold for less than a dollar per acre. The Lugo family did manage to retain its home, built about 1810, the original adobe house was on Gage Avenue. Between 1870 and 1890, settlers arrived to the area and among those was the city’s founder. In 1876, the residents for whom the city is named, James George Bell and his wife Susan Abia Hollenbeck Bell. On April 6,2000, the Bell House was dedicated as a California State Historical Resource and they acquired about 360 acres of land and in the next decade, helped in its development as a small farming and cattle raising community. The Bell Family lived at the Hollenbeck’s “Town House” on 4th, the Bell House was an early Victorian style farm house
33.
Bell Gardens, California
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Bell Gardens is a city in Los Angeles County, California. The population was 42,072 at the 2010 census, down from 44,054 at the 2000 census, Bell Gardens is notable for being one of only six Los Angeles County cities to permit casino gambling. Dice games and slot machines are forbidden by state law, Bell Gardens is located at 33°58′5″N 118°9′22″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 2.5 square miles. Bell Gardens is bordered by Bell and Cudahy on the west, Commerce on the north and northeast, Downey on the southeast, the city is about 10 miles southeast of Downtown Los Angeles. The 2010 United States Census reported that Bell Gardens had a population of 42,072, the population density was 17,081.5 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Bell Gardens was 20,824 White,377 African American,476 Native American,261 Asian,37 Pacific Islander,18,787 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 40,271 persons. The Census reported that 41,648 people lived in households,125 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 1,017 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 49 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 750 households were made up of individuals and 262 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 4.31. There were 8,572 families, the family size was 4.40. The median age was 27.3 years, for every 100 females there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.0 males. There were 9,986 housing units at a density of 4,054.4 per square mile, of which 2,318 were owner-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2. 1%, the vacancy rate was 2. 6%. 10,534 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 31,114 people lived in housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, Bell Gardens had a household income of $38,170. According to the census of 2000, there were 44,054 people,9,466 households, the population density was 17,721.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 9,788 housing units at a density of 3,937.3 per square mile
34.
Claremont, California
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Claremont is a city on the eastern edge of Los Angeles County, California, United States,30.3 miles east of downtown Los Angeles. It is located in the eastern San Gabriel Valley, at the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains, Claremont is known as the home of the Claremont Colleges and other educational institutions, and for its tree-lined streets with numerous historic buildings. In July 2007, it was rated by CNN/Money magazine as the fifth best place to live in the United States, due to its large number of trees and residents with doctoral degrees, it is sometimes referred to as The City of Trees and PhDs. Some critics say that the expansion negatively altered the original, small-town feel of The Village, Claremont has been a winner of the National Arbor Day Associations Tree City USA award for 22 consecutive years. When the city incorporated in 1907, local citizens started what has become the citys tree-planting tradition. Claremont is one of the few remaining places in North America with American Elm trees that have not been exposed to Dutch elm disease, the stately trees line Indian Hill Boulevard in the vicinity of the citys Memorial Park. The Claremont Institute, a think tank, is located there. Several retirement communities, among them Pilgrim Place, the Claremont Manor, the citrus groves and open space which once dominated the northern portion of the city have been replaced by residential developments of large homes. The northern, foothill area also includes the Padua Hills Theatre, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.35 square miles, of which 13.3 square miles is land and 0.05 square miles is water. Its geographic location puts it well within the known as the San Gabriel Valley. Claremont is approximately 24 miles east of Pasadena and 30 miles east of downtown Los Angeles, in the summer months, temperatures can rise into the triple digits. In the autumn months, Claremont can receive gusty winds known as the Santa Ana Winds, in the winter, most of its annual rainfall occurs. Snow is rare but can often be viewed in the nearby San Gabriel Mountains, in early summer, Claremont can receive overcast weather due to its strong onshore flow from the ocean known as May Gray or June Gloom. The 2010 United States Census reported that Claremont had a population of 34,926, the population density was 2,589.7 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Claremont was 24,666 White,1,651 African American,172 Native American,4,564 Asian,38 Pacific Islander,2,015 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 6,919 persons. The Census reported that 29,802 people lived in households,4,926 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 429 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 138 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,957 households were made up of individuals and 1,556 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.57. There were 7,925 families, the family size was 3.10
35.
Commerce, California
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Commerce is a city located in southeast Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 12,823 at the 2010 census, up from 12,568 at the 2000 census. It is bordered by Vernon on the west, Los Angeles on the northwest, East Los Angeles on the north, Montebello on the east, Downey and Bell Gardens on the south, and Maywood on the southwest. The Los Angeles River forms part of its boundary. Commerce is served by the Long Beach and Santa Ana freeways and it is usually referred to as the City of Commerce to distinguish it from the common noun. In the 19th century, the area was part of Antonio Maria Lugos Rancho San Antonio and its conversion to an industrial area began in 1887, when the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built its main line through the area. The ranch remained intact until Arcadia Bandini de Stearns Baker, reputedly once the wealthiest woman in Los Angeles, sold some of it around the turn of the 20th century. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and Los Angeles, by the 1920s, factories had arrived. In the late 1940s, industrial leaders banded together with residents in the communities of Bandini, Rosewood and they changed the name to match that goal. The city was incorporated in 1960 to prevent neighboring cities such as Vernon and Los Angeles from annexing land for tax revenue and elected its first city mayor. The most notable example of this phenomenon is the Citadel outlet mall, the owner of the Citadel, Steve Craig, hosts an annual Clean Up Commerce Day and enlists other businesses to work with the city and volunteers in beautifying a specific area of the city. Chrysler had a plant in Commerce from 1930 through July 1971 located at 5800 S. Eastern Avenue and Slauson Avenue, called Los Angeles Assembly and it was closed at the end of the 1971 model year, as Chrysler decided to triple-stack its transport trains for the 1972 model year, its Los Angeles facility couldnt accommodate this change. Commerce has become the water polo capital of the world and it boasts a large aquatic center, Commerce Aquatics that has trained a number of successful water polo players, including four-time Olympic medallist Brenda Villa. Commerce is also the site of Williams Ranch, on which is the hole that the Sleepy Lagoon Murder of Jose Diaz took place in 1942. The Sleepy Lagoon swimming hole was located near Slauson and Eastern Ave. Commerce is located at 34°0′2″N 118°9′17″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.5 square miles, over 99% of it land. The 2010 United States Census reported that Commerce had a population of 12,823, the population density was 1,961.4 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Commerce was 6,930 White,96 African American,161 Native American,140 Asian,9 Pacific Islander,4,886 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12,114 persons
36.
Cudahy, California
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Cudahy is a city located in southeastern Los Angeles County, California. In terms of area, Cudahy is the second smallest city in Los Angeles County, after Hawaiian Gardens and it is part of the Gateway Cities region. Cudahy is populated predominantly by Latino immigrants and has a population of 23,805 as of the 2010 U. S. Census. Cudahy is named for its founder, meat-packing baron Michael Cudahy and these Cudahy lots were notable for their dimensions—in most cases,50 to 100 feet in width and 600 to 800 feet in depth, a length equivalent to a city block or more in most American towns. Such parcels, often referred to as lots, were intended to allow the new towns residents to keep a large vegetable garden, a grove of fruit trees. Sam Quinones of the Los Angeles Times said that the large, as late as the 1950s, some Cudahy residents were still riding into the citys downtown areas on horseback. After World War II the city was a White American blue collar town with steel, by the late 1970s, the factories closed down and the white American residents of Cudahy left for jobs and housing in the San Gabriel and San Fernando Valleys. Stucco apartment complexes were built on tracts of land. The population density increased, in 2007 the city was the second-densest in California, Cudahy is located at 33°57′51″N 118°10′57″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 3.175 square kilometers. Cudahy is bordered by Bell on the north, Bell Gardens on the east, South Gate on the south and southwest, in 2007, of the 5,800 housing units,5,000 were rentals. The 2010 United States Census reported that Cudahy had a population of 23,805, the population density was 19,417.5 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Cudahy was 11,708 White,333 African American,246 Native American,137 Asian,24 Pacific Islander,10,339 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 22,850 persons. The Census reported that 23,797 people lived in households,8 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 589 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 42 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 399 households were made up of individuals and 176 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 4.24. There were 4,989 families, the family size was 4.32. The median age was 27.0 years, for every 100 females there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males
37.
El Monte, California
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El Monte /ɛl ˈmɒntiː/ is a residential, industrial, and commercial city in Los Angeles County of Southern California, the United States. The city lies in the San Gabriel Valley east of the city of Los Angeles, El Montes slogan is Welcome to Friendly El Monte and historically is known as The End of the Santa Fe Trail. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 113,475. As of 2010, El Monte was the 51st largest city in California, El Monte is situated between the San Gabriel and Rio Hondo Rivers, residents claimed that anything could be grown in the area. Between 1770 and 1830, Spanish soldiers and missionaries often stopped here for respite and they called the area El Monte, which in Spanish means the mountain. Most people assume the name refers to a mountain, but there were no mountains in the valley, the word is an archaic Spanish translation of that era, meaning the wood. The first explorers had found rich, low-altitude land, blanketed with thick growths of wispy willows, alders. They also found wild grapevines and watercress, El Monte is approximately 7 miles long and 4 miles wide. When the State Legislature organized California into more manageable designated townships in the 1850s, in a short time the name returned to the original El Monte. The area, beside the San Gabriel River, was part of the homeland of the Tongva people for thousands of years, the Spanish Portolá expedition of missionaries and soldiers passed through the area in 1769-1770. The site was within the Spanish land grant Rancho La Puente, mission San Gabriel Arcángel was the center of colonial activities in the area. From 1847, The Santa Fe Trail was also connected westward through the Southern Emigrant Trail, passing by the El Monte area, immigrant settlement began in 1849, El Monte was a stopping place for the American immigrants going to the gold fields during the California Gold Rush. The first permanent residents arrived in El Monte around 1849-1850 mostly from Texas, Arkansas and Missouri, the first settlers with families were Nicholas Schmidt, Ira W. Thompson, G. and F. Cuddeback, J. Corbin, and J. Sheldon. These migrants ventured upon the bounty of fruitful, rich land along the San Gabriel River, the farmers were very pleased at the increasing success of El Montes agricultural community, and it steadily grew over the years. In the 1850s the settlement was briefly named Lexington by American settlers and it was at the crossroad of routes between Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and the natural harbor at San Pedro. In the early days, it had a reputation as a town where men often settled disputes with knives. Defense against Indian raids and the crimes of bandit gangs, such as that of Juan Flores and Pancho Daniel, led to the formation of a local militia company called the Monte Rangers in February 1854. After the Monte Rangers disbanded, justice for Los Angeles County, in 1858 the adobe Monte Station was established, a stagecoach stop on the Butterfield Overland Mail Section 2 route
38.
Huntington Park, California
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Huntington Park is a city in the Gateway Cities district of southeastern Los Angeles County, California. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 58,114. To this day, about 30% of its residents work at factories in nearby Vernon, the vacuum was filled almost entirely by two groups of Latinos, upwardly mobile families eager to leave the barrios of East Los Angeles, and recent Mexican immigrants. A weekly certified farmers market is now hosted at Salt Lake Park every Wednesday from 9am-1, on November 18,1930, the Warners Theater at 6714 Pacific Boulevard, opened and its first attraction was The Life of the Party. This theater has been closed for decades and it was bought by Pacific Boulevard Holdings/ Retail Management Corp for $1,600,000. California Theatre opened on 1925 and was operated by Fox Theatres as the Fox California Theatre, in the 80s it was known as the California 3 Theatre. This theatre closed in 2006 and was converted into a retail space. It was renamed California 2 Theatres and now there is a Tuxedo shop along with retail stores. During the 2014 World Cup, Mexico won the game with Croatia to move on to the next round, all retail stores and restaurants were told to close. The cops were in riot gear and on horseback to keep the residents safe, five people were arrested at the moment. Huntington Park is located at 33°59′N 118°13′W, before California abolished judicial townships, Huntington Park was located in San Antonio Township. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 3.0 square miles. Cities surrounding Huntington Park include Bell, Cudahy, Los Angeles, Maywood, South Gate, in addition unincorporated areas, including Florence-Graham and Walnut Park, are adjacent to Huntington Park. The 2010 United States Census reported that Huntington Park had a population of 58,114, the population density was 19,270.0 people per square mile. The Census reported that 57,859 people lived in households,248 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 1,377 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 81 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,644 households were made up of individuals and 694 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.96. There were 12,296 families, the family size was 4.19. The median age was 28.9 years, for every 100 females there were 99.6 males
39.
City of Industry, California
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City of Industry, or simply referred to as Industry, is an industrial suburb of Los Angeles in the San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County, California. Home to over 2,500 businesses and 80,000 jobs, but only 219 residents according to the 2010 census and it was incorporated on June 18,1957 to prevent surrounding cities from annexing industrial land for tax revenue. Industry is located at 34°1′N 117°57′W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.1 square miles. 11.8 square miles of it is land and 0.3 square miles of it is water, Industry is a suburb of Los Angeles 22 miles away from Downtown L. A. In the California State Legislature, Industry is in the 22nd Senate District, represented by Democrat Ed Hernandez, the Los Angeles County Sheriffs Department operates the Industry Station in Industry. The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Pomona Health Center in Pomona, the citys zoning is primarily devoted to business, 92% is Industrial, 8% is Commercial. In addition, there are residents at the El Encanto Healthcare Center, the City of Industry has no business taxes and is primarily funded through retail sales tax from shopping centers located within the city limits, and property tax on parcels within the City. The city has the highest property tax rate in Los Angeles County, for convenience many Chinese entrepreneurs and staff live in nearby Rowland Heights, Hacienda Heights, West Covina, Diamond Bar and Walnut. Some of the companies headquarters in Industry are, Arconic Alta Dena AMI ClubWear CSC Enterprise Corp. Dacor Hot Topic Newegg. com iStarUSA Group Metro United Bank DUB Emtek Products Serec of California ITC-Diligence, the population density was 18.2 people per square mile. The population of Industry was 58. 9% White,0. 5% Black or African American, hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 52. 5% of the population. The Census reported that 214 people lived in households,5 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 3 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 2 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 12 households were made up of individuals and 6 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.1. There were 53 families, the family size was 3.6. The median age was 37.5 years, for every 100 females there were 108.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males, there were 73 housing units at an average density of 6.1 per square mile, of which 22 were owner-occupied, and 47 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%, the vacancy rate was 6%. 66 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 148 people lived in housing units
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