1.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
North Coast (California)
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The North Coast of California is the region in Northern California that lies on the Pacific coast between San Francisco Bay and the Oregon border. It commonly includes Mendocino, Humboldt, and Del Norte counties and sometimes includes two counties from the San Francisco Bay area, Marin and Sonoma. Much of the area is rural, and the city within the region with a population of over 100,000 is Santa Rosa. Despite their size, many of the cities and towns have historical importance to the State and/or regional importance. The coastline is often inaccessible, and includes cliffs and hills, streams. The southern portion of the North Coast is largely urbanized while the rest is mostly rural, the more remote northern areas are often referred to as the being located behind the Redwood Curtain. A segment of the coastline in Mendocino and Humboldt Counties is known as the Lost Coast, notable seaside beaches can be found at Marin Headlands and Point Reyes National Seashore in the south, with innumerable examples of remote or less used beaches north of the San Francisco Bay area. Redwoods are also found in many other State and local parks, other larger redwood parks include Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, Del Norte Coast Redwoods State Park, Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park and Redwood National and State Parks. In total, the parks of the North Coast contain the vast majority of all remaining old-growth redwoods. Interstate 580 U. S. Route 101 - Primary north–south route from San Francisco to Crescent City U. S. Route 199 - from U. S
4.
Humboldt County, California
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Humboldt County is a county in the U. S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 134,623, Humboldt County comprises the Eureka–Arcata–Fortuna, CA Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is located on the far North Coast ~270 miles north of San Francisco, Area cities and towns are known for hundreds of ornate examples of Victorian architecture. Humboldt County is a forested mountainous, and rural county with about 110 miles of coastline situated along the Pacific coast in Northern Californias rugged Coast Ranges. Andrés de Urdaneta found the coast near Cape Mendocino then followed the coast south to Acapulco in 1565, Spanish traders made unintended visits to California with the Manila Galleons on their return trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565. Humboldt County was formed in 1853 from parts of Trinity County, the first recorded entry by people of European origin was a landing by the Spanish in 1775 in Trinidad. The first recorded entry of Humboldt Bay by non-natives was an 1806 visit from a sea otter hunting party from Sitka employed by the Russian American Company, the hunting party included Captain Jonathan Winship, an American, and some Aleut hunters. The bay was not visited again by people of European origin until 1849 when Josiah Greggs party visited, the area around Humboldt Bay was once solely inhabited by the Wiyot Indian tribe. One of the largest Wiyot villages, Tolowot, was located on Indian Island in Humboldt Bay, founded around 900 BC, it contains a shell midden 6 acres in size and 14 feet deep. It was the site of the February 26,1860 massacre of the Wiyot people that was recorded by Bret Harte, then living in Union, between 60 and 200 Wiyot men, women, and children were murdered that night. Tolowot is now a site and a National Historic Landmark. They were put on two steamships and shipped to San Francisco, no-one was killed in the expulsion. Another Chinese expulsion occurred during 1906 in a cannery on the Eel River, however, some Chinese remained in the Orleans area, where some white landowners sheltered and purchased food for the Chinese mineworkers until after racial tension passed. Chinese did not return to the cities until the 1950s. The coastal zone of the county experiences very wet, cool winters and dry, in the winter, temperatures range from highs of 40–59 °F to lows of 32–49 °F. Coastal summers are cool to mild, with highs of 60–69 °F. Coastal summer temperatures range from highs of 64–70 °F to lows of 46–55 °F, in these locations summer highs are 70–75 °F. The coastal zone experiences a number of frosty nights in winter and early spring, though snowfall, coastal winters are cool and wet
5.
Mendocino County, California
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Mendocino County is a county located on the north coast of the U. S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 87,841, Mendocino County comprises the Ukiah, CA Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is located north of the San Francisco Bay Area and west of the Central Valley, the county is noted for its distinctive Pacific Ocean coastline, Redwood forests, wine production, microbrews, and liberal views about the use of cannabis and support for its legalization. It is estimated that roughly one-third of the economy is based on the cultivation of marijuana, the notable historic and recreational attraction of the Skunk Train connects Fort Bragg with Willits in Mendocino County via a steam-locomotive engine, along with other vehicles. Mendocino County was one of the counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood. Due to an initially minor white American population, it did not have a government until 1859 and was under the administration of Sonoma County prior to that. Some of the land was given to Sonoma County between 1850 and 1860. Mendocino is the form of the family name of Mendoza. Establishment of the Round Valley Indian Reservation in March 30,1870, many of these tribes thrown together were not friends with the other tribes they were forced to live with on the reservation, resulting in tensions still evident today. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 3,878 square miles. The 2010 United States Census reported that Mendocino County had a population of 87,841. The racial makeup of Mendocino County was 67,218 White,622 African American,4,277 Native American,1,450 Asian,119 Pacific Islander,10,185 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19,505 persons. As of the census of 2000, there were 86,265 people,33,266 households, the population density was 25 people per square mile. There were 36,937 housing units at a density of 10 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 80. 8% White,0. 6% Black or African American,4. 8% Native American,1. 2% Asian,0. 2% Pacific Islander,8. 6% from other races, and 3. 9% from two or more races. 16. 5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,12. 2% were of German,10. 8% English,8. 6% Irish,6. 1% Italian and 5. 6% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 84. 4% spoke English and 13. 2% Spanish as their first language,27. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the family size was 3.04
6.
King Range (California)
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The King Range is a mountain range of the Outer Northern California Coast Ranges System, located entirely within Humboldt County on the North Coast of California. As part of the Northern Coast Ranges, the King Range runs parallel to the coast, the King Range is adjacent to the Mendocino Triple Junction, where three tectonic plates — the Pacific Plate, the North American Plate, and the Juan de Fuca Plate — meet. Most mountains and ridges in the range are low to moderate in elevation, King Peak, at 4,091 feet, is the highest mountain in the range. Snow falls above 3,281 feet a couple of times per year, the range is part of the Northern California coastal forests ecoregion. It is largely forested with climax-dominant trees including coast Douglas-fir, coast redwood, the rivers and streams that drain the range include the Mattole River. Four federally endangered species occur in the range, the Coho Salmon, Chinook Salmon, steelhead, other wildlife includes brown pelican, bald eagle, peregrine falcon, Roosevelt elk, osprey, otter, gray fox and black bear. Historically, the King Range was home to the Native American Mattole, in the 19th century, the region was opened to commercial logging, fishing, ranching, and tanning. Subsequently, the coastal wilderness, known as the Lost Coast. In 1970 the U. S. Congress designated 60,000 acres of the range as the King Range National Conservation Area and it is primarily located within southwestern Humboldt County, and extends into the far northwestern corner of Mendocino County. In 2000 President Bill Clinton signed the law designating the rocks, in 2006 the U. S. Congress designated 42,585 acres of the National Conservation Area as the King Range Wilderness. The California Coastal trail goes from end to end of the range, Lost Coast Sinkyone Wilderness State Park North Coast
7.
Petrolia, California
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Petrolia is an unincorporated community in Humboldt County, California,10 miles southeast of Cape Mendocino, at an elevation of 121 feet, within ZIP Code 95558, and area code 707. Petrolia was the site of the first oil well drilled in California, Petrolia has an estimated population of 300-500 people within a 15-mile radius. It is located in the Mattole Valley, part of the Lost Coast region, one of the largest wilderness areas, a travel magazine has called this area too lovely to be believed, perhaps too beautiful to last. It has been recognized as the top still wild place in California, the area is the only significant stretch of California without a shoreline highway, and so far has thus escaped tourisms aggressive paws. Petrolia has been described as a valley town with Norman Rockwell flavor. Petrolia is 5 miles from the Pacific Ocean, the 25-mile section of beach protected by the King Range National Conservation Area and Sinkyone Wilderness State Park, and it is one of the few remaining areas with virgin old-growth stands of Douglas fir. Petrolia is located near the Mendocino Triple Junction, where three lines meet, and experiences frequent earthquake activity. The last large earthquake to affect the area was a magnitude 7.1 earthquake in 1992, the store was rebuilt in a more modern architectural style than the 100-year-old landmark that it replaced. Two remaining landmarks in Petrolia are a wooden church and the Petrolia Pioneer Cemetery. On the evening of March 9,2014 a magnitude 6.9 earthquake struck approximately 50 miles to the west and it was widely felt, yet caused little to no damage, nor generate a tsunami. The lack of any significant damage or land deformation was attributed to the shallow strike-slip fault movement in deep water, the weather in Petrolia is temperate and has the Mediterranean climate of much of northern California. The town is located in a belt that is sheltered from the fog that reaches Eureka and some of the northern towns, such as Arcata. As a result, the summers are dry and sunny, typically around 70 °F with temperatures reaching as high as 90 °F. Winters are rainy from November through April, with typically around 50 °F. Honeydew, which is located only 14 miles south of Petrolia, has a temperate climate and its summers and winters are more extreme. Both roads are winding, steep, and sometimes unpaved, passing large tracts of scenic overlooks and they are popular routes for visitors, especially mountain bikers and motorcyclists, and have been described as leading to an almost comically steep drop to the sea. The road from Petrolia to Ferndale follows the ocean and has unbroken vistas of rocky ocean coastline, Petrolia is surrounded by large tracts of original homestead ranches and farms. The Mattole area is popular with visitors, particularly the Lost Coast beaches, at certain times of year, migrating gray whales can be seen from shore, as well as colonies of harbor seals and sea lions
8.
Shelter Cove, California
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Shelter Cove is a census-designated place in Humboldt County, California. It lies at an elevation of 138 feet, Shelter Cove is on Californias Lost Coast where the King Range meets the Pacific Ocean. A 9-hole golf course surrounds the one-runway Shelter Cove Airport at the center of Shelter Coves commercial district, utilities are provided by the Humboldt County Resort Improvement District #1 and boating access to the sea is managed by the Humboldt Bay Harbor Recreation & Conservation District. The population was 693 at the 2010 census, Shelter Cove shares a ZIP code with the hamlet of Whitethorn, California, located to the southeast. The community is inside area code 707, Sinkyone Wilderness State Park is about 6 miles south of Shelter Cove on the coast. There are also state parks such as Black Sands Beach, Mal Coombs Park, Seal Rock Picnic Area, much of the land around Shelter Cove belongs to the Kings Range National Conservation Area, managed by the Bureau of Land Management. Cove amenities include hiking trails, a community center, deli, coffee shop, restaurants, multiple inns, other amenities in Shelter Cove, a small aircraft airstrip, a boat launch, and RV parking. Whats not available in Shelter Cove are in the towns of Redway and Garberville in the U. S.101 corridor, the area around Shelter Cove was originally home to Native Americans known as the Sinkyone people. Near Shelter Cove on July 21,1907, the passenger steamer Columbia collided with the steam schooner San Pedro amidst dense fog. The Columbia subsequently sank, killing 88 people, although badly damaged, San Pedro stayed afloat and helped to rescue Columbias survivors. As a result of its seclusion, the Shelter Cove area has become a spot for those seeking quiet vacation respite or retirement area. Popular activities in the area include fishing, whale watching, hiking, diving for abalone, the Cape Mendocino Light, a lighthouse from Cape Mendocino, was moved by helicopter to Mal Coombs Park in 1998. A post office operated at Shelter Cove from 1892 to 1933, the 2010 United States Census reported that Shelter Cove had a population of 693. The population density was 118.9 people per square mile, the racial makeup of Shelter Cove was 630 White,3 African American,5 Native American,7 Asian,1 Pacific Islander,13 from other races, and 34 from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 47 persons, the Census reported that 693 people lived in households,0 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 were institutionalized. There were 47 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 3 same-sex married couples or partnerships,132 households were made up of individuals and 32 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.99, there were 181 families, the average family size was 2.48. The median age was 43.1 years, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.6 males
9.
Whitethorn, California
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Whitethorn is an unincorporated community in Humboldt County, California. It is located 9.5 miles southwest of Garberville, at an elevation of 1024 feet, Whitethorn shares a zip code with Shelter Cove, California. It is located along Californias Lost Coast, the Thorn post office opened in 1888, closed in 1923, reopened in 1951, and changed its name to Whitethorn in 1961. The Whitethorn post office is located near Thorn Junction on the road between Shelter Cove and Whitethorn, some remote areas in northern Mendocino County are also served by this post office and thus have Whitethorn addresses. Whitethorn Elementary School is located in Whitethorn and is part of the Southern Humboldt Unified School District, students from the Whitethorn area attend South Fork High School in Miranda. Whale Gulch Elementary and Whale Gulch High School are about 3 miles southeast from Whitethorn and they have Whitethorn addresses, but are located in Mendocino County and are part of the Leggett Valley Unified School District. About 1.5 miles south of central Whitethorn is Redwoods Monastery, the community is inside area code 707. Whitethorn has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate that is characterized by dry summers. In the state legislature, Whitethorn is in the 2nd Senate District, represented by Democrat Mike McGuire, federally, Whitethorn is in Californias 2nd congressional district, represented by Democrat Jared Huffman. California portal Whitethorn Redwoods Monastery South Humboldt Unified School District
United States
California
