Lotto Sport Italia is an Italian sportswear manufacturer, which produces sporting and casual clothing and footwear, based in Trevignano, near Treviso. Lotto was established in 1939 by the Caberlotto family in Montebelluna, northern Italy, the world centre of footwear manufacturing. In June 1973, Lotto made its debut as a sports footwear manufacturer. Tennis shoes signaled the beginning of production, followed by models for basketball, volleyball and football. Sports clothing was the company's next venture. In the first ten years, Lotto focused on the Italian market. During its first decade, corporate strategy concentrated on making tennis footwear and clothing, early on sponsored big names from the professional tennis circuit. In the 1980s, Lotto moved on to broaden its business base by competing among the then-small group of manufacturers of football boots and clothing. Lotto began to create its first football boot models and signed major collaboration agreements with internationally renowned players and teams.

Tennis players John Newcombe, José Luis Clerc wore the brand's tennis products. The first sponsorship agreements in football were signed with players and teams, such as Milan, the Dutch national team, Juventus and Spanish club Real Zaragoza. Professional footballers provided input in both the fine-tuning of the products; this involvement together with the athletes' public images helped make the company a leader in tennis and football. During this same period, Lotto expanded into the export market, its international business grew rapidly. Ten years the brand was being distributed in more than 60 countries around the world. In June 1999, the company was taken over by VINAY BMS, a group of local business people who were very active in the sports area; the company was renamed Lotto Sport Italia. Today, Lotto distributes its products in more than 70 countries through independent sports stores, specialty chain stores and large stores with sports departments; the company is pushing the development of corner and flagship stores, which are now widespread in Italy and in other countries.

Lotto today distributes its products in over 110 different countries, through independent sports article stores, specialized chain-stores and large stores with specialized sports departments. Special emphasis is placed on monobrand stores as well as shop-in-shops. Team Empire Excludes articles found in Category:Sporting goods manufacturers of Italy. Sergio Tacchini Lotto Sport Italia

Genevieve Horton is an Australian rower, an Olympian, a junior world champion and an Australian national champion. She competed in the women's double sculls event at the 2016 Summer Olympics and is the 2019 Australian national champion in the women's single scull. Horton was raised in Pymble and attended Pymble Ladies College where she took up rowing, her senior rowing has from the Sydney University Boat Club. Horton's first state selection for New South Wales was in 2013 in women's youth eight contesting the Bicentennial Cup at the Intertate Regatta within the Australian Rowing Championships, she rowed again in 2014 in the New South Wales youth eight in 2014. In 2015, 2016, 2018 and 2019 she was selected in the New South Wales senior women's eight competing for the Queen's Cup at the Interstate Regatta, she stroked that eight in 2016 and rowed to a victory in 2019. In 2017 and 2019 she was New South Wales's single sculls representative and competed for the Nell Slatter Trophy, she placed third in 2017 and won that national title in 2019.

In SUBC colours she contested the women's single and double scull national titles at the 2017 and 2019 Australian Rowing Championships. She won the open women's single scull championship in 2019. Horton made her Australian representative debut at age eighteen in 2013 was comprehensive for that year she raced in the Australian women's senior eight to gold at the World Rowing Cup I in Sydney and in a coxless pair with Jessie Allen to fourth place at the U23 World Rowing Championships in Linz and to the gold medal at the 2013 Junior World Rowing Championships in Trakai, Lithuania; the following year she again contested the U23 World Rowing Championships which were in Varese, Italy where she and Allen placed third. Horton stayed in the Australian coxless pair in 2015 representing at the senior level with Molly Goodman, they competed at two World Rowing Cups in Europe before contesting the 2015 World Rowing Championships in Aiguebelette and coming away with a world thirteenth ranking. In the 2016 Olympic year Horton moved back into sculls and was selected as Australia's double scull representative with Sally Kehoe.

In their Olympic lead up they raced at two World Rowing Cups in Europe before competing in that boat class at the 2016 Rio Olympics. Kehoe and Horton were eliminated at the semi-final stage and raced in a B final. In 2017 as an Olympian and in her fifth year of national representative selection Horton was still eligible to race underage and was selected in the Australian quad scull which won a silver medal at the U23 World Rowing Championships in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. With Harriet Hudson changed out for Leah Saunders, Rowena Meredith and Caitlin Cronin raced to medal placings at two World Rowing Cups in 2017 and at the World Championships in Sarasota, Florida; the young crew took on a packed field in the final at Sarasota and were fourth at the halfway mark with Poland in the lead followed by The Netherlands. As the crews sprinted for the line, the Australian quad featuring three senior team debutantes other than Horton, dropped back and finished in sixth place; the quad stayed together into 2018 with Olympia Aldersey changed out for Leah Saunders.

At the 2018 World Rowing Cup II in Linz, they rowed to a bronze medal. In 2019 Horton was again picked in Australian women's sculling squad for the international season. Rowing with Amanda Bateman she stroked the Australian women's double scull to a bronze medal at the World Rowing Cup II in Poznan and to a silver medal at WRC III in Rotterdam. Horton and Bateman were selected to race Australia's double scull at the 2019 World Rowing Championships in Linz, Austria; the double were looking for a top eleven finish at the 2019 World Championships to qualify for the Tokyo Olympics. They placed fourth in their semi-final, they finished fifth in the B-final for an overall eleventh world place and qualified the boat for Tokyo 2020. Genevieve Horton at FISA WorldRowing.com Genevieve Horton at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com

This article 1984 in motoring deals with developments in the automotive industry throughout the year 1984 by various automobile manufacturers, grouped by country. The automotive industry designs, manufactures and sells motor vehicles, is one of the Earth's most important economic sectors by revenue; the first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany. In 1984 British Leyland sold its Jaguar car business into private ownership. British Leyland's mass-market car division, the Austin Rover Group, scrapped one of its longest-running marques, discontinued in August after the Ital was replaced by the new Austin Montego – a saloon version of the previous year's new Maestro hatchback; the new Montego went on sale in April and is powered by 1.3 and 1.6 petrol engines, with more versions set to follow, including high performance MG variants. October of this year saw the Triumph marque canned, when the Acclaim saloon finished production to be replaced by the Rover 200 Series in June, a four-door saloon which competes in the same sector as the Austin Maestro.

Its 1.3 engine is sourced from the Honda Civic, while the 1.6 power unit is supplied from the Austin Rover parts bin. The 200 Series is made at Cowley; the venture with Honda is set to include a replacement for the Rover SD1, with the new model scheduled for launch in two years' time. The Metro was offered a 5-door model for the first time. Ford had a low profile year in 1984, with the only major changes to the range being the addition of the Escort RS Turbo and the discontinuation of the unpopular three-door Sierra. A replacement for the Granada range is due next year. Production of the Capri for the European market ended in November but RHD production for the UK would continue for another 2 years. Vauxhall scored a huge success in 1984 by launching the second incarnation of the Vauxhall Astra in October; the new model, like its predecessor, is a range of three and five-door medium-sized hatchbacks and estates. Engines range from a economical 1.2 to a swift 2.0 -- the GTE -- which can top 120 mph.

There is a fuel efficient 1.6 diesel. A more powerful version of the GTE is planned for the near future, as are cabriolet and saloon bodystyles; the Astra, still sold as the Opel Kadett on the continent, was voted European Car of the Year for the 1985 model year. After 9 years on sale and having been replaced by the Nova in April 1983, the Chevette ends production in January with sales continuing for a while afterwards; the big news for Renault in 1984 was the launch of a new competitor in the Granada/Audi 100 sector – the R25 in March. Renault's all-new executive hatchback offers class-leading levels of ride quality, comfort and equipment; the smaller-engined petrol and diesel units offered impressive refinement, with more powerful and high-performing variants expected later. The new R25 is the most aerodynamic car in the world, giving it excellent ride and handling to match the most prestigious of its rivals from the likes of BMW and Mercedes-Benz. Renault's other big launch of 1984 is Europe's first MPV, the Espace meant to be launched as a Talbot but became a Renault instead.

At launch in July only 9 of them were sold but it became popular with buyers across Europe while UK sales started in August 1985. The ageing Chrysler-designed Alpine and Solara hatchback and saloon ranges were given a mild makeover at the end of 1984 and given new names. Instead of being named by bodystyle, the new versions of this long-running car were badged by trim; the standard models now wear "Minx" nameplates, harking back to one of the Rootes Group's most historic names. The sportier, better-equipped variants are now badged "Rapier" – taking their name from a memorable sports car of the Rootes Group's years; this is seen as a last-ditch attempt by owners Peugeot to draw customers to these outdated models before any possible replacements are in the pipeline. Six years after the launch of the Ritmo/Strada hatchbacks, Fiat have launched a saloon version; the Regata, as it will be known, is engineered and priced to the hatchback from which it spawned, but is comparable in size to cars in the next highest sector.

This makes it exceptionally good value, a unique selling point, the key factor behind its TV advertising campaign. There is an estate version of the Regata – the "Weekend" –, one of the most capacious load carriers of its size. Production of the Lancia Beta has ceased after 12 years. Following the launch of newer models like the Delta and Prisma, demand for this once-iconic Italian sedan has slumped and the makers decided that it was time to pull the plug on the production line. In the pipeline for 1985 are new Lancia-badged cars for the supermini and executive car sectors, giving the marque another chance of reestablishing itself in the many markets where it has endured a fall in popularity due to the rust problems of earlier models. Opel would launch what would be the final generation of the long-running Kadett small-family car range in August with a choice of 3 and 5-door hatchbacks and estates and featured a more aerodynamic design, it would be sold as the Vauxhall Astra in the UK and as the Daewoo LeMans in Korea from 1986.

Both Opel and Vauxhall versions would win the European Car Of The Year award for 1985. Lada has made a departure from the veteran Fiat 124-based Lada Riva of 1966 vintage. Though the older car is to continue, the new Samara is a superb engineering achievement after 15 years with no technical changes

The Upper Twin Falls Bridge is a bridge that spans the Menominee River linking Breitung Township, Michigan, to Florence County, Wisconsin. Completed in 1910, construction was prompted by the erection of a dam downstream; the bridge was closed to automobile traffic in 1971. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December 2012; the Upper Twin Falls Bridge is a single-span, pin-connected, through-truss bridge. It crosses the Menominee River about four miles north of Michigan; the bridge is the only known example of its type in Michigan and one of two in Wisconsin, however the other is not in its original location. In the early 1900s, the Peninsula Power Company planned to build the Twin Falls Power Dam on the Menominee River. Upstream was an existing bridge which would be flooded by construction of the dam and the filling of its reservoir; this prompted the construction of a new bridge. The Upper Twin Falls Bridge was designed by M. W. Torkelson of Wisconsin. Construction of the bridge took place from 1909 through 1910 and cost $5,106, paid for by Dickinson and Florence counties.

Gilbert Vilas Carpenter supervised construction. The bridge's earthen approach causeways were built for $7,500, paid by the Twin Falls Land Association. Material for the Wisconsin approach was obtained from a borrow pit on the Wisconsin side and transported to the site by side-dumping flatcars on narrow gauge railway; the dam was completed in 1912. Gilbert Carpenter died in World War I following a torpedo attack en route from Cuba. In his honor, the Carpenter Monument was erected at the north end of the bridge and dedicated on Memorial Day, 1923; the memorial was funded by the Dickinson County Road Commission and its inscribed bronze plaque was provided by the Michigan State Highway Department. In the early 1930s, the Upper Twin Falls bridge carried US Highway 2 and US Highway 141. In 1934, a new bridge was built about a mile downstream and US 2 and US 141 were rerouted over the new span; the Upper Twin Falls Bridge closed to automobile traffic in September 1971. Ownership of the bridge and connecting roads was transferred to the Town of Florence.

Robert Christensen, Michigan's coordinator for the National Register of Historic Places, opined in early 2013 that the bridge survived only because it had been bypassed by the other bridge. Around 2000, the county road commission began considering the restoration of the bridge. However, the commission could not afford removal. One argument in favor of removal came from pontoon boat owners as the vessels are unable to pass underneath the bridge; the nomination process for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places began in 2012. The nomination was reviewed by the Michigan Historic Preservation Review Board in May 2012 and by the Wisconsin Historic Preservation Review Board in August. Both groups supported the nomination, with unanimous support from the Wisconsin board; the nomination made use of a previous draft nomination produced by the Wisconsin Historical Society. After their approvals, Robert Christensen forwarded the nomination to the National Park Service in Washington, DC; the bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 2012.

It is the first site nominated by both Wisconsin. As a result of the listing, it is hoped by local groups that funding for restoration may become available. According to Jim Harris, the DCRC superintendent of operations, there is no expectation of reopening the bridge to automobile traffic. List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin National Register of Historic Places listings in Dickinson County, Michigan National Register of Historic Places listings in Florence County, Wisconsin Image of the bridge from 2011

Dynamic Markov compression is a lossless data compression algorithm developed by Gordon Cormack and Nigel Horspool. It uses predictive arithmetic coding similar to prediction by partial matching, except that the input is predicted one bit at a time. DMC has a good compression ratio and moderate speed, similar to PPM, but requires somewhat more memory and is not implemented; some recent implementations include the experimental compression programs hook by Nania Francesco Antonio, ocamyd by Frank Schwellinger, as a submodel in paq8l by Matt Mahoney. These are based on the 1993 implementation in C by Gordon Cormack. DMC codes one bit at a time, it differs from PPM in that it codes bits rather than bytes, from context mixing algorithms such as PAQ in that there is only one context per prediction. The predicted bit is coded using arithmetic coding. A bitwise arithmetic coder such as DMC has a predictor and an arithmetic coder; the predictor accepts an n-bit input string x = x1x2...xn and assigns it a probability p, expressed as a product of a series of predictions, ppp... p.

The arithmetic coder maintains two high precision binary numbers and phigh, representing the possible range for the total probability that the model would assign to all strings lexicographically less than x, given the bits of x seen so far. The compressed code for x is px, the shortest bit string representing a number between plow and phigh, it is always possible to find a number in this range no more than one bit longer than the Shannon limit, log2 1 / p. One such number can be obtained from phigh by dropping all of the trailing bits after the first bit that differs from plow. Compression proceeds; the initial range is set to plow = 0, phigh = 1. For each bit, the predictor estimates p0 = p and p1 = 1 − p0, the probability of a 0 or 1, respectively; the arithmetic coder divides the current range, into two parts in proportion to p0 and p1. The subrange corresponding to the next bit xi becomes the new range. For decompression, the predictor makes an identical series of predictions, given the bits decompressed so far.

The arithmetic coder makes an identical series of range splits selects the range containing px and outputs the bit xi corresponding to that subrange. In practice, it is not necessary to keep phigh in memory to high precision; as the range narrows, the leading bits of both numbers will be the same, can be output immediately. The DMC predictor is a table which maps contexts to a pair of counts, n0 and n1, representing the number of zeros and ones observed in this context. Thus, it predicts that the next bit will be a 0 with probability p0 = n0 / n = n0 / and 1 with probability p1 = 1 − p0 = n1 / n. In addition, each table entry has a pair of pointers to the contexts obtained by appending either a 0 or a 1 to the right of the current context. Thus, it is never necessary to look up the current context in the table. In the original DMC implementation, the initial table is the set of all contexts of length 8 to 15 bits that begin on a byte boundary; the initial state is any of the 8 bit contexts. The counts are floating point numbers initialized to a small nonzero constant such as 0.2.

The counts are not initialized to zero in order to allow values to be coded if they have not been seen before in the current context. Modeling is the same for decompression. For each bit, p0 and p1 are computed, bit xi is coded or decoded, the model is updated by adding 1 to the count corresponding to xi, the next context is found by traversing the link corresponding to xi. DMC as described above is equivalent to an order-1 context model. However, it is normal to add longer contexts to improve compression. If the current context is A, the next context B would drop bits on the left DMC may add a new context C from B. C represents the same context as A after appending one bit on the right as with B, but without dropping any bits on the left; the link from A will thus be moved from B to point to C. B and C will both make the same prediction, both will point to the same pair of next states; the total count, n = n0 + n1 for C will be equal to the count nx for A, that count will be subtracted from B.

For example, suppose that state A represents the context 11111. On input bit 0, it transitions to state B representing context 110, obtained by dropping 3 bits on the left. In context A, there have been some number of one bits. In context B, there have been 3 zeros and 7 ones, which predicts p1 = 0.7. C is cloned from B, it represents context 111110. Both B and C predict p1 = 0.7, both go to the same next states, E and F. The count for C is n = 4, equal to n0 for A; this leaves n = 6 for B. States are cloned just prior to transitioning to them. In the original DMC, the condition for cloning a state is when the transition from A to B is at least 2, the count for B is at least 2 more than that.. Some implementations such as hook allow these thresholds to be set as parameters. In paq8l, these thresholds increase as memory is used up to slow the growth rate of new states. In most implementations, when memory is exhausted the model is discarded and reinitialized back to the original bytewise order 1 model.

Data Compression Using Dynamic Markov Modelling Google Developers YouTube channel: Compressor Head Episode 3 (Markov C

Galaxy Studios is a music recording, mixing and post-production facility established in 1980 by two brothers and Guy Van Baelen. It is the home of the Auro 3D sound technology and developed by CEO Wilfried Van Baelen in 2005. Galaxy studios facilitates in Mol, Belgium various music and film post workflows: music recording, music mixing, sound-editorial services, dubbing, audio-post mixing, film grading and film mastering. Galaxy Studios has a film financing department called Mollywood that co-produces A/V media productions. Wilfried and Guy Van Baelen were 18 and 15 years old when they started the Galaxy Studios in 1980 in the backyard of their parents home in Mol, Belgium; the official registration of the company under the name Studio Galaxy was 2 years in 1982. In 1991 they started to make up the plan for a new facility, they partnered with acoustic engineer Eric Desart of the Gerber Group and Professor Gerrit Vermeir at the University of Leuven and accepted the challenge of building the Galaxy Studios.

From 1992 to 1995 the van Baelen brothers oversaw the first phase of the construction on the new facility. A total of 185,000 man hours was spent in the construction of three studios, a 350m2 live recording area, various adjacent recording areas, a restaurant and hotel accommodations. By using standalone concrete bunkers, mounted on helical springs, they achieved a sound isolation of 100.7 dB between each isolated bunker. In 1996 phase 2 of the construction of the Galaxy Studios village was begun; this period commissioned an SSL 9080J, mixing. An extra pre-production studio with the Amek Angela Console and a fifth small studio for vocal recording and a private lounge and producers suite were added in phase 2. In 1999 the final phase of construction was realised with a mastering studio and a film dubbing stage for audio visual productions. In total the Galaxy Studios took 7 years to build and 318,000 man hours were spent to achieve the full construction of the facility. In 2005 Wilfried van Baelen introduced the Auro-3D sound technology system to the industry.

The Auro-3D format creates 3D sound by using a three-layered channel system based on the existing 5.1 Surround sound format for film. The technology adds a top layer to the 5.1 system. Applications include the music and gaming industry. In August 2013, Galaxy Studios opened. Galaxy is further expanding the facilities with two additional dub stages, a foley stage, editorial suites, a colour grading suite and new hotel accommodations. Mollywood is a film funding and tax sheltering company, established in Mol, Belgium in 2009 as part of the Galaxy Studios holding, Galaxy Studios Group. With the tax incentives introduced by the Belgium government, the company can invest in audiovisual productions; the name Mollywood refers to the in Los Angeles based Hollywood district, famous for its audio visual productions, to the city of Mol in which Mollywood is established. Mollywood productions include: The Strange Color of Your Body's Tears A Farewell to Fools Bobby en de Geestenjagers Verliefd op Ibiza Het Bombardement Koning van Katoren De verbouwing Noordzee, Texas Kill Me Please Zilvermeer Productions was established in 2014 as the Galaxy Studios Group production house.

Zilvermeer develops, produces and co-produces film and TV projects for the Benelux and international market. Zilvermeer productions include: Domino Bankier van het Verzet Alberta Knielen Op Een Bed Violen Trollie Galaxy Studios is the home of the immersive 3D audio technology Auro 3D; the concept and formats were developed in 2005 by Wilfried Van Baelen, in 2010 Auro Technologies was formed by The Van Baelen brothers together with their partner Alfred Schefenacker to develop and promote the technology. Auro-3D is designed along three layers of sound rather than the single horizontal layer used in the traditional 5.1 sound format. It creates a spatial sound experience by adding a height layer around the audience on top of the traditional 2D Surround sound system; this extra layer reveals both localized sounds and height reflections which are crucial for our brains to better interpret the sounds that exist in the lower Surround layer. In 2011 a partnership was struck with the Belgian display hardware manufacturer Barco to incorporate Auro-3D in their cinema hardware setup, in the same year the first worldwide installations of the cinema format Auro 11.1 were deployed.

Auro Technologies made alliances with partners in other markets, such as home AV and gaming. Official website IMDB Mollywood, sister site to Galaxy