Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz FRS (For) FRSE was a Swiss-born American biologist and geologist who is recognized as a scholar of Earth's natural history.

Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier, known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier was a major figure in natural sciences research in the early 19th century and was instrumental in establishing the fields of comparative anatomy and paleontology through his work in comparing living animals with fossils.