Louis Philippe I, nicknamed the Citizen King, was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France. As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary Wars and was promoted to lieutenant general by the age of nineteen, but he broke with the Republic over its decision to execute King Louis XVI. He fled to Switzerland in 1793 after being connected with a plot to restore France's monarchy. His father Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, fell under suspicion and was executed during the Reign of Terror.
Portrait by Franz Xaver Winterhalter, 1841
Profile of the 13-year-old Louis Philippe d’Orléans, drawn by Carle Vernet (27 August 1787)
Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, in 1792 by Léon Cogniet (1834)
Early in his exile, Louis Philippe was a teacher of geography, history, mathematics and modern languages, at a boys' boarding school in Reichenau, Switzerland.
Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, was a French Prince of the Blood who supported the French Revolution.
Portrait by Antoine-François Callet
Portrait of a young Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans, by Louis Tocqué.
Louise Marie Adélaïde as the Duchess of Chartres
Louis Philippe d'Orléans, as Duke of Chartres, by Sir Joshua Reynolds, c. 1779, Château de Chantilly
