1.
Love Story (musical)
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Love Story is a musical written by Stephen Clark with music by Howard Goodall and lyrics by Stephen Clark and Goodall. It is inspired by Erich Segal’s best-selling novel of the same name, Love Story transferred to the Duchess Theatre in the West End in December 2010 following a critically acclaimed sell-out season at the Chichester Festival Theatre. At Jennys funeral, her family and friends flashback about her life, Oliver is a rich young man who meets a spirited young woman, Jenny. She is poor and of Italian heritage, but has attended Radcliffe College and they fall in love and marry, against his familys wishes. Oliver, disinherited, attends law school, while Jenny works to support them, however, she contracts a fatal illness, leukemia, and dies. Love Story had its premiere at the Chichester Festival Theatre. The cast featured Emma Williams as Jenny, Michael Xavier as Oliver Barratt IV, Love Story transferred to the Duchess Theatre in the West End, officially opening on 6 December 2010 following previews from 27 November. It played a limited 10 week engagement which ended 26 February 2011, Michael Ball makes his producing debut in a co-production alongside Adam Spiegel and Stephen Waley-Cohen. Directed by Rachel Kavanaugh, the set and costume designer is Peter McKintosh, lighting designer is Howard Harrison, the musical runs without intermission, and the music is played by an on-stage pianist and a septet of strings. The show had a run at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival at the Paradise in Augustines Theatre in August 2013, starring Eloise Hare. A Dutch version, and first non-English production was announced in early 2013 and its opening night was on 29 November 2013, two weeks later than planned due to a back injury for its star Freek Bartels. This version is a musical, after it had originally been planned at the Beatrix Theater in Utrecht. Freek Bartels plays Oliver, Celinde Schoenmaker plays Jenny, her parents are played by Dick Cohen and Marleen van der Loo and this production follows its original British version by having no intermission. The story was translated by Jan Rot, the first Russian tour is planned to open in November. This non-replica production will tour Russia throughout 2014, ekaterina Novosyolova and Valeriya Lanskaya will play the role of Jenny, Pavel Lyovkin and Stanislav Belyaev will play Oliver. The Russian production is based on the one act book. Bolton Octagon, Greater Manchester presented Love Story as their show for their 2013/2014 run. The production featured Daniel Boys in the role of Oliver, the show was met by rave reviews
2.
Arthur Hiller
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Arthur Hiller, OC was a Canadian-American television and film director, having directed over 33 films during his 50-year career. He began his career directing television in Canada and later in the U. S, by the late 1950s he began directing films, most often comedies. He also directed dramas and romantic subjects, such as Love Story, Hiller collaborated on a number of films with screenwriters Paddy Chayefsky and Neil Simon. Among his other films were The Americanization of Emily, Tobruk, The Hospital, The Out-of-Towners, Plaza Suite, The Man in the Glass Booth, Silver Streak, The In-Laws. Hiller served as president of the Directors Guild of America from 1989 to 1993 and president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and he was the recipient of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 2002. An annual film festival in Hillers honor was held from 2006 until 2009 at his alma mater, Victoria School of Performing, Hiller was born in November 1923 in Edmonton, Alberta, the son of Rose and Harry Hiller. His family was Jewish, and had emigrated from Poland in 1912 and he had two sisters, one thirteen years older and one eleven years older. His father operated a second-hand musical instruments store in Edmonton, Hiller recalled that when he occasionally traveled home while he was in college, the blacks he met with treated me like a king. They told me that unlike other shopkeepers, he treated them like normal folks when they went to his store and he didnt look down on them. Hiller recalls they started up the Yiddish theater when he was seven or eight old, he helped set carpenters build. When he was eleven, he got a role acting as an old man, wearing a long beard and he says that the love of theater and music and literature my parents instilled in me contributed to his later choosing to direct TV and films. After he graduated high school, he joined the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1941 during World War II. He served as a navigator on four-engine Handley Page Halifax heavy bombers on missions over Nazi-controlled territory in Europe. After he returned from serving in the military, Hiller enrolled in and later graduated from University College, after Israel was declared a state in 1948, he and his wife unsuccessfully tried to join its army since it came under attack. He continued in college and received a Master of Arts degree in psychology in 1950, one of his first jobs after graduating was with Canadian radio directing various public affairs programs. Hiller began his career as a director with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. NBC, one of the networks in the United States, seeing his work in Canada. Over the next few years, his work for the screen included episodes of Thriller, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Gunsmoke, Naked City
3.
Erich Segal
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Erich Wolf Segal was an American author, screenwriter, and educator. He was best known for writing the novel Love Story, a best-seller, and writing the motion picture of the same name, the son of a rabbi, Segal attended Midwood High School in Brooklyn and traveled to Switzerland to take summer courses. Segal was a professor of Greek and Latin literature at Harvard University, Yale University and he had been a Supernumerary Fellow and subsequently an Honorary Fellow of Wolfson College at Oxford University. In 2001 Harvard published his The Death of Comedy, the literary history. In 1967, from the story by Lee Minoff, he wrote the screenplay for The Beatles 1968 motion picture, Yellow Submarine. In the late 1960s, Segal collaborated on screenplays, and also had written a synthetic romantic story by himself about a Harvard student and a Radcliffe student. However, literary agent Lois Wallace at the William Morris Agency suggested he turn the script into a novel and the result was a literary and motion picture phenomenon called Love Story. A New York Times No.1 bestseller, the became the top selling work of fiction for 1970 in the United States. The motion picture of the name was the number one box office attraction of 1970. Segal went on to more novels and screenplays, including the 1977 sequel to Love Story. He published a number of works as well as teaching at the university level. He acted as a professor for the University of Munich, Princeton University. He wrote widely on Greek and Latin literature and his novel The Class, a saga based on the Harvard Class of 1958, was also a bestseller, and won literary honour in France and Italy. Doctors was another New York Times bestseller from Segal, Segal was an accomplished competitive runner. He was a sprinter at Midwood High School, and ran the 2 mile at Harvard College and he began marathon running during his second year at Harvard, when track and field head coach Bill McCurdy was impressed with how fast he had run ten miles. Segal ran in the Boston Marathon almost every year from 1955 to 1975 and he finished in 79th place at 3 hours,43 minutes in his first attempt, and his best performance was in 1964 when he finished 63rd with a time of 2,56,30. He recounted that after one Boston marathon someone yelled Hey, Segal, Segal covered the marathon as a color commentator for telecasts of both the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics for the American Broadcasting Company. His most notable broadcast was in 1972 when he and Jim McKay called Frank Shorters gold-medal-winning performance, when an impostor, West German student Norbert Sudhaus, ran into Olympic Stadium ahead of Shorter, an emotionally upset Segal screamed, That is an impostor
4.
Love Story (novel)
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Love Story is a 1970 romance novel by American writer Erich Segal. The books origins lay in a screenplay that Segal wrote, Paramount requested that Segal adapt the story into novel form as a preview of sorts for the film. The novel was released on February 14,1970, Valentines Day, portions of the story originally appeared in The Ladies Home Journal. Love Story became the work of fiction for all of 1970 in the United States. The novel stayed for 41 weeks in The New York Times Best Seller list, a sequel, Olivers Story, was published in 1977. The film was released on December 16,1970, Love Story is romantic and funny yet tragic. Oliver was expected to control of his fathers business empire, while Jennifer. From very different worlds, Oliver and Jenny are immediately attracted to each other, the story of Jenny and Ollie is a story of two young people who come from two separate worlds and are joined together in the unlikeliest of ways. Upon graduation from college, the two decide to marry, against the wishes of Olivers father, who promptly severs all ties with his son, without financial support, the couple struggles to pay Olivers way through Harvards Law School, with Jenny working as a private school teacher. Graduating third in his class, Oliver gets several job offers, Jenny promises to follow Oliver anywhere on the East Coast. The couple move to New York City, excited to spend time together, rather than working and studying. With Olivers new income, the pair decide to have a child, as instructed by his doctor, Oliver attempts to live a normal life without telling Jenny of her condition. Jenny nevertheless discovers her ailment after confronting her doctor about her recent illness, with their days together numbered, Jenny begins a costly cancer therapy, and Oliver soon becomes unable to afford the multiplying hospital expenses. Desperate, he seeks relief from his father. Instead of telling his father what the money is truly for, from her hospital bed, Jenny speaks with her father about funeral arrangements, and then asks for Oliver. She tells him to avoid blaming himself, and asks him to embrace her tightly before she dies, when Mr. Barrett realizes that Jenny is ill and that his son borrowed the money for her, he immediately sets out for New York. By the time he reaches the hospital, Jenny dies, Mr. Barrett apologizes to his son, who replies with something Jenny had once told him, Love means not ever having to say youre sorry. And breaks down in his arms, New York in 1971 stated that Jenny resembled the myopic, athletic, brisk princess Brenda Patimkin in Philip Roths Goodbye, Columbus
5.
Ali MacGraw
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Elizabeth Alice Ali MacGraw is an American actress, model, author, and animal rights activist. She first gained attention with her role in the 1969 film Goodbye, Columbus and she reached international fame in 1970s Love Story, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama. In 1972, MacGraw was voted the top box office star in the world and was honored with a hands. In 1991, she published an autobiography, Moving Pictures, MacGraw was born in Pound Ridge, New York, the daughter of commercial artists Frances and Richard MacGraw. She has one brother, Dick, an artist and her father was of Scottish descent, while her maternal grandparents were from Budapest, Hungary, of Jewish heritage. MacGraws mother chose not to disclose her true ethnicity to her father, I think Daddy was bigoted, MacGraw has said. Her mother was considered a pioneer as an artist, who had taught school in Paris before settling in Greenwich Village. Her parents married when her mother was 40, My gorgeous father, a combination of Tyrone Power and a mystery, a brilliant artist and he was born in New Jersey with his childhood spent in an orphanage. He ran away to sea when he was 16 and studied art in Munich, MacGraw adds, Daddy was frightened and really, really angry. He never forgave his parents for giving him up. As an adult, he suppressed the rage he built up against his parents. She described her father as violent, MacGraw attended Rosemary Hall in Wallingford, Connecticut and Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts. Beginning in 1960, MacGraw spent six years working at Harpers Bazaar magazine as an assistant to fashion maven Diana Vreeland. She worked at Vogue magazine as a model, and as a photographers stylist. She has also worked as an interior decorator, MacGraw started her acting career in television commercials, including one for the Polaroid Swinger camera. MacGraw gained critical notice in the 1969 film Goodbye, Columbus, MacGraw was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for that performance. Following Love Story, MacGraw was celebrated on the cover of Time magazine, in 1972, after appearing in just three films, she had her footprints and autograph engraved at Graumans Chinese Theatre. She then starred opposite Steve McQueen in The Getaway, which was one of the top ten films at the box office
6.
Ryan O'Neal
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Charles Patrick Ryan ONeal, known professionally as Ryan ONeal, is an American actor and former boxer. ONeal trained as a boxer before beginning his career in acting in 1960. In 1964, he landed the role of Rodney Harrington on the ABC nighttime soap opera Peyton Place, the series was an instant hit and boosted ONeals career. He later found success in films, most notably Love Story, for which he received Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations as Best Actor, Whats Up, Paper Moon, Stanley Kubricks Barry Lyndon, and A Bridge Too Far. Since 2007, he has had a role in the TV series Bones as Max. ONeal was born in Los Angeles, California, the eldest son of actress Patricia Ruth Olga and novelist and his father was of English and Irish descent, while his mother was of paternal Irish and maternal Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. His brother, Kevin, is an actor and screenwriter, ONeal attended University High School in Los Angeles, and trained there to become a Golden Gloves boxer. During the late 1950s, his father had a job writing on a series called Citizen Soldier, and moved the family to Munich. ONeal appeared in guest roles on series that included The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, Leave It to Beaver, Bachelor Father, Westinghouse Playhouse, from 1962 to 1963, he was a regular on NBCs Empire, another modern day western, where he played Tal Garrett. In 1964 he was cast as Rodney Harrington in the time serial drama Peyton Place. The series was a big success, making national names of its cast including ONeal, several were offered movie roles, including Mia Farrow and Barbara Parkins. Eventually ONeal was cast in the lead of The Big Bounce, then he played an Olympic athlete in The Games. The Games had been co written by Erich Segal, who recommended ONeal for the lead in Love Story, based on Segals novel, a number of actors had turned down the role including Beau Bridges and Jon Voight before it was offered to ONeal. His fee was $25,000, he had an offer that paid five times as much to appear in a Jerry Lewis film but ONeal knew that Love Story was the better prospect, I hope the young people like it, he said before the film came out. I dont want to go back to TV, I dont want to go back to those NAB conventions. In between the production and release. ONeal appeared in a TV movie written by Eric Ambler, Love Hate Love and he also made a Western, Wild Rovers with William Holden for director Blake Edwards. Love Story turned out to be a box office phenomenon and it made ONeal a star and earned him a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actor
7.
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
8.
Romance film
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Romance films make the romantic love story or the search for strong and pure love and romance the main plot focus. Occasionally, romance lovers face obstacles such as finances, physical illness, various forms of discrimination, as in all quite strong, deep, and close romantic relationships, tensions of day-to-day life, temptations, and differences in compatibility enter into the plots of romantic films. In romantic television series, the development of romantic relationships may play out over many episodes. Historical romance - A romantic story with a period setting and this includes films such as Gone with the Wind, Doctor Zhivago and Titanic. Romantic drama usually revolves around an obstacle which prevents deep and true love between two people. Music is often employed to indicate the mood, creating an atmosphere of greater insulation for the couple. The conclusion of a romantic drama typically does not indicate whether a final union between the two main characters will occur. Chick flick is a term associated with romance films as many are targeted to a female audience. As such, the terms cannot be used interchangeably, films of this genre include Dirty Dancing, The Notebook, Dear John, A Walk to Remember, and Romeo + Juliet. Romantic comedies are films with light-hearted, humorous plotlines, centered on romantic ideals such as true love is able to surmount most obstacles. Humour in such films tends to be of a verbal, low-key variety or situational, films within this genre include Four Weddings and a Funeral, Love Actually, Moonstruck, As Good as It Gets, Somethings Gotta Give, It Happened One Night, When Harry Met Sally. Romantic fantasies describe fantasy stories using many of the elements and conventions of the romance genre, romantic action comedies are films that blend romantic comedy and action. Examples include Killers, Knight and Day, Mr. & Mrs. Smith, This Means War, romantic thriller is a genre of film which has a storyline combining elements of the romance film and the thriller genre. Some examples of romantic thriller films are The Adjustment Bureau, The Phantom of the Opera, The Tourist, The Bodyguard, Unfaithful, and Wicker Park
9.
Ray Milland
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Ray Milland was a Welsh actor and director. Before becoming an actor, Milland served in the Household Cavalry of the British Army, becoming a proficient marksman, horse-rider and aeroplane pilot. He left the army to follow a career in acting and appeared as an extra in several British productions before getting his first major role in The Flying Scotsman. This led to a contract with MGM and he moved to the United States where he appeared as a stock actor. After being released by MGM, he was picked up by Paramount and he was loaned out to Universal for a film called Three Smart Girls, and its success saw Milland given a lead role in The Jungle Princess alongside new starlet Dorothy Lamour. The film was a big success and catapulted both to stardom, after leaving Paramount, he began directing and ended his career moving into television. Milland was born Alfred Reginald Jones on 3 January 1907 in Neath, Wales, the son of Elizabeth Annie and Alfred Jones, of his parents, Milland wrote in his autobiography Wide-Eyed in Babylon, My father was not a cruel or harsh man. I think he was a romantic and consequently a little afraid of his emotions. He had been a young hussar in the Boer War and had been present at the relief of Mafeking and he never held long conversations with anyone, except perhaps with me, possibly because I was the only other male in our family. The household consisted of my mother, a flighty and coquettish woman much concerned with propriety. He was educated independently before attending the private Kings College School in Cardiff and he worked at his uncles horse-breeding farm before leaving home at the age of 21. Before becoming an actor, Milland served in the Household Cavalry, an expert shot, he became a member of his companys rifle team, winning many prestigious competitions, including the Bisley Match in England. While stationed in London, Milland met dancer Margot St. Leger, Brody queried Millands commitment to an army career, which led to Milland buying himself out of the forces in 1928 in the hope of becoming an actor. His first appearance on film was as an extra on the E. A. After some unproductive extra work, which never reached the screen, while he was working on The Informer he was asked to test for a production being shot on a neighbouring stage. Milland made an impression on director Castleton Knight and was hired for his first acting role as Jim Edwards. Milland, in his autobiography, recalls that it was on film that it was suggested he adopt a stage name. His work on The Flying Scotsman had impressed enough for him to be given a six-month contract, believing that his acting was poor, and that he had won his film roles through his looks alone, Milland decided to gain some stage work to improve his art
10.
Tommy Lee Jones
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Tommy Lee Jones is an American actor and filmmaker. He has received four Academy Award nominations, winning Best Supporting Actor for his performance as U. S, marshal Samuel Gerard in the 1993 thriller film The Fugitive. Early in his career, Jones first gained recognition for his role as Dr. Mark Toland on the soap opera One Life to Live for six years. Jones was born on September 15,1946, in San Saba and his mother, Lucille Marie, was a police officer, school teacher, and beauty shop owner, and his father, Clyde C. Jones, was an oil field worker, the two were married and divorced twice. He was raised in Midland, Texas and attended Robert E. Lee High School, Jones soon moved to Dallas and graduated from the St. Marks School of Texas in 1965, which he attended on scholarship and he attended Harvard College on a need-based scholarship. He stayed in Mower B-12 as a freshman, across the hall from future Vice President Al Gore, as an upperclassman, he stayed in Dunster House with roommates Gore and Bob Somerby, who later became editor of the media criticism site the Daily Howler. He recounts his memory of the most famous game in Ivy League history in the documentary Harvard Beats Yale 29-29. Jones graduated cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts in English in 1969, Jones moved to New York to become an actor, making his Broadway debut in 1969s A Patriot for Me in a number of supporting roles. In 1970 he landed his first film role, coincidentally playing a Harvard student in Love Story, in early 1971, he returned to Broadway in Abe Burrows Four on a Garden where he shared the stage with Carol Channing and Sid Caesar. Between 1971 and 1975 he portrayed Dr. Mark Toland on the ABC soap opera and he returned to the stage for a 1974 production of Ulysses in Nighttown with Zero Mostel. It was followed by the acclaimed TV movie The Amazing Howard Hughes, in 1981, he played a drifter opposite Sally Field in Back Roads, a comedy that received middling reviews. In 1983, he received an Emmy for Best Actor for his performance as murderer Gary Gilmore in a TV adaptation of Norman Mailers The Executioners Song and that same year he starred in a pirate adventure, Nate and Hayes, playing the heavily-bearded pirate Captain Bully Hayes. In 1989, he earned another Emmy nomination for his portrayal of Texas Ranger lawman Woodrow F, call in the acclaimed television mini-series Lonesome Dove, based on the best-seller by Larry McMurtry. Marshal Samuel Gerard in The Fugitive received broad acclaim and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, actually Im lucky to be working. Jones co-starred with director Clint Eastwood as astronauts in the 2000 film Space Cowboys, in 2005, the first theatrical feature film Jones directed, The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada, was presented at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival. Joness character speaks both English and Spanish in the film and his performance won him the Best Actor Award
11.
American Film Institute
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The American Film Institute is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the moving picture arts in America. AFI is supported by funding and public membership. The institute is composed of leaders from the film, entertainment, business, a board of trustees chaired by Sir Howard Stringer and a board of directors chaired by Robert A. Daly guide the organization, which is led by President and CEO Bob Gazzale. Prior leaders were founding director George Stevens, Jr. and Jean Picker Firstenberg. <ref>AFI Board of Trustees etc. American Film Institute. October 2014. Retrieved December 24,2014. </ref>Two years later, in 1967, AFI was established, supported by the National Endowment for the Arts, the Motion Picture Association of America and the Ford Foundation. The institute established a program for filmmakers known then as the Center for Advanced Film Studies. The institute moved to its current eight-acre Hollywood campus in 1981, the film training program grew into the AFI Conservatory, an accredited graduate school. AFI educates audiences and recognizes excellence through its awards programs and 10 Top 10 Lists. In 1969, the established the AFI Conservatory for Advanced Film Studies at Greystone. The first class included filmmakers Terrence Malick, Caleb Deschanel and Paul Schrader, mirroring a professional production environment, Fellows collaborate to make more films than any other graduate level program. Admission to AFI Conservatory is highly selective, with a maximum of 140 graduates per year, in 2013, Emmy and Oscar-winning director, producer and screenwriter James L. Brooks joined AFI as Artistic Director of the AFI Conservatory where he provides leadership for the film program. Brooks artistic role at the AFI Conservatory has a legacy that includes Daniel Petrie, Jr. Robert Wise. Award-winning director Bob Mandel served as Dean of the AFI Conservatory for nine years, jan Schuette took over as Dean in 2014. AFI Conservatorys alumni have careers in film, television and on the web and they have been recognized with all of the major industry awards – Academy Award, Emmy Award, guild awards, and the Tony Award. The AFI Catalog, started in 1968, is a web-based filmographic database, early print copies of this catalog may also be found at your local library. Each year the AFI Awards honor the ten outstanding films and ten outstanding television programs, the awards are a non-competitive acknowledgement of excellence. The Awards are announced in December and a luncheon for award honorees takes place the following January. The juries consisted of over 1,500 artists, scholars, critics and historians, with movies selected based on the films popularity over time, historical significance, citizen Kane was voted the greatest American film twice. AFI operates two film festivals, AFI Fest in Los Angeles, and AFI Docs in Silver Spring, Maryland, AFI Fest is the American Film Institutes annual celebration of artistic excellence
12.
Oliver's Story (film)
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Olivers Story is a 1978 American romantic drama film and a sequel to Love Story based on a novel by Erich Segal published a year earlier. It was directed by John Korty and again starred Ryan ONeal, the original music score was composed by Lee Holdridge and Francis Lai. It was released by Paramount Pictures on December 15,1978 and this films promotional tagline is, It takes someone very special to help you forget someone very special. Oliver Barrett IV is emotionally devastated by the death of his young wife Jenny, who succumbed to leukemia. As he tries to himself in his work as a lawyer. Olivers inconsolable grief begins to alienate those around him, at least until he finds new love with Marcie Bonwit, a number of scenes were filmed in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. The Stanley Woolen Mill in Uxbridge, Massachusetts, and other locations in that community were used for this film, Olivers law offices were those occupied at the time by the New York firm of Davis Polk & Wardwell. The Bonwit Teller store in Eastchester, N. Y. was also used as a shoot location. Dienhart Sully Boyar – Mr. Gentilano Swoosie Kurtz – Gwen Simpson Meg Mundy – Mrs. Barrett Beatrice Winde – Waltereen Ryan ONeal was offered a reported $3 million for his role and he originally turned it down, saying he was unhappy with the script. It was just a rehash of the book, which hadnt interested me, I just dont think Segal did a good job of catching him. Oliver is a hard guy to follow. He changed his mind after director John Korty rewrote the script, ONeal says he was paid less than $3 million, although he received $1 million up front and a share of the profits. ONeal says that Candice Bergen was reluctant to appear in the film, John Marley did not reprise his role as Ali MacGraws father from the original. He and Paramount had come to terms on money but not billing, unlike the original film, Olivers Story was poorly reviewed and was not successful at the box office. The film currently holds a 20% Rotten rating with a score of 4. 1/10 at Rotten Tomatoes. ONeal thought a major reason behind the failure was the fact the character played by Nicola Pagett was cut out of the last third. Olivers Story soundtrack was released on vinyl and cassette tape by ABC Records in December 1978
13.
Candice Bergen
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Candice Patricia Bergen is an American actress and former fashion model. She won five Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards for her ten seasons as the character on the CBS sitcom Murphy Brown. She is also known for her role as Shirley Schmidt on the ABC drama Boston Legal and she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Starting Over, and for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Gandhi. Bergen began her career as a model and appeared on the front cover of Vogue magazine. She went on to star in The Sand Pebbles, Soldier Blue, Carnal Knowledge and The Wind and she made her Broadway debut in the 1984 play Hurlyburly. From 2000 to 2002, she appeared in three episodes of the HBO series Sex and the City and her other film roles include Miss Congeniality, Sweet Home Alabama, The Women and Bride Wars. In the 2010s, she returned to Broadway to star in the revivals of The Best Man, Bergen was born in Beverly Hills, California. She weighed seven pounds,12 ounces and her mother, Frances Bergen, was a Powers model who was known professionally as Frances Westcott. Her father, Edgar Bergen, was a famous ventriloquist, comedian and her paternal grandparents were Swedish-born immigrants who anglicized their surname, which was originally Berggren. As a child, Candice was irritated at being described as Charlie McCarthys little sister. She began appearing on her fathers radio program at a young age and she said that when she grew up, she wanted to design clothes. She ultimately received a doctorate from Penn in May 1992. She worked as a model before she took up acting. In 1966, Bergen made her screen debut playing a university student in The Group, the same year, she played the role of Shirley Eckert, an assistant school teacher in The Sand Pebbles opposite Steve McQueen. The movie was nominated for several Academy Awards and she was featured in a 1970 political satire, The Adventurers, playing a frustrated socialite. In 1975 she starred with Sean Connery in The Wind and the Lion, Bergen had roles in Western films including The Hunting Party and Bite the Bullet, both of which starred Gene Hackman. Another Western she starred in was the highly controversial Soldier Blue, a worldwide hit and it led to Bergens being voted by British exhibitors as the seventh most popular star at the British box office in 1971. She was the love interest of Ryan ONeal in the Love Story sequel, Olivers Story, in 1982, Bergen appeared in the Oscar-winning film Gandhi in which she portrayed documentary photographer Margaret Bourke-White
14.
Harvard College
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Harvard College is the undergraduate liberal arts college of Harvard University. Founded in 1636 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it is the oldest institution of learning in the United States. The school came into existence in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony—though without a single building, in 1638, the college became home for North Americas first known printing press, carried by the ship John of London. Three years later, the college was renamed in honor of deceased Charlestown minister John Harvard who had bequeathed to the school his entire library, Harvards first instructor was schoolmaster Nathaniel Eaton, in 1639, he also became its first instructor to be dismissed, for overstrict discipline. The schools first students were graduated in 1642, in 1665, Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck from the Wampanoag … did graduate from Harvard, the first Indian to do so in the colonial period. The colleges of Englands Oxford and Cambridge Universities are communities within the university, each an association of scholars sharing room. The Indian College was active from 1640 to no later than 1693, the body known as The President and Fellows of Harvard College retains its traditional name despite having governance of the entire University. Radcliffe College originally paid Harvard faculty to repeat their lectures for women students, since the 1970s, Harvard has been responsible for undergraduate governance matters for women, women were still formally admitted to and graduated from Radcliffe until a final merger in 1999. About 2,000 students are admitted each year, representing between five and ten percent of those applying, of those admitted, approximately three-quarters choose to attend and these figures make Harvard perhaps the most selective and sought-after college in the world. Midway through the year, most undergraduates join one of fifty standard fields of concentration. Joint concentrations and special concentrations are also possible, a smaller number receive the Scientiarum Baccalaureus. There are also special programs, such as a five-year program leading to both a Harvard undergraduate degree and a Master of Arts from the New England Conservatory of Music. In 2012, dozens of students were disciplined for cheating on an exam in one course. The university instituted a code beginning in the fall of 2015. The total annual cost of attendance, including tuition and room and board, under financial aid guidelines adopted in 2012, families with incomes below $65,000 no longer pay anything for their children to attend, including room and board. Families with incomes between $65,000 to $150,000 pay no more than 10% of their annual income, grants total 88% of Harvards aid for undergraduate students, with aid also provided by loans and work-study. Each house is presided over by a senior-faculty Faculty Dean, while its Allston Burr Resident Dean supervises undergraduates day-to-day academic, many tutors reside in the House, as do the Faculty Dean and Resident Dean. The way in which students come to live in particular Houses has changed greatly over time, under the original draft system, Masters negotiated privately over the assignment of rising sophomores considered most—or least—promising
15.
Ice hockey
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Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball
16.
Radcliffe College
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Radcliffe College was a womens liberal arts college in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and functioned as a female coordinate institution for the all-male Harvard College. A formal non-merger merger agreement with Harvard was signed in 1977, under the terms of the 1999 consolidation, the Radcliffe Yard and the Radcliffe Quadrangle retain the Radcliffe designation in perpetuity. The Harvard Annex, a program for the instruction of women by Harvard faculty, was founded in 1879 after prolonged efforts by women to gain access to Harvard College. Arthur Gilman, Cambridge resident, banker, philanthropist and writer, was the founder of what became The Annex/Radcliffe, in conversations with the chair of Harvards classics department, he outlined a plan to have Harvard faculty deliver instruction to a small group of Cambridge and Boston women. He then approached Harvard President Charles William Eliot with the idea, Gilman and Eliot recruited a group of prominent and well-connected Cambridge women to manage the plan. These women were Elizabeth Cary Agassiz, Mary H. Cooke, Stella Scott Gilman, greenough, Ellen Hooper Gurney, Alice Mary Longfellow and Lillian Horsford. Building upon Gilmans premise, the committee convinced 44 members of the Harvard faculty to consider giving lectures to students in exchange for extra income paid by the committee. The program came to be known informally as The Harvard Annex, the course of study for the first year included 51 courses in 13 subject areas, an impressive curriculum with greater diversity than that of any other womens college at its inception. Courses were offered in Greek, Latin, English, German, French, Italian, and Spanish, philosophy, political economy, history, music, mathematics, physics, and natural history. The first graduation took place in the library of Longfellow House on Brattle Street. The committee members hoped that by raising an enticing endowment for The Annex they would be able to convince Harvard to admit women directly into Harvard College, some of President Eliots objections stemmed from 19th century notions of propriety. He was strongly against co-education, commenting that The difficulties involved in a residence of hundreds of young men and women of immature character. The necessary police regulations are exceedingly burdensome, the committee persevered despite Eliots skepticism. Indeed, the proved to be a success, attracting a growing number of students. As a result, the Annex was incorporated in 1882 as the Society for the Collegiate Instruction of Women, with Elizabeth Cary Agassiz, widow of Harvard professor Louis Agassiz and this Society awarded certificates to students but did not have the power to confer academic degrees. This modification of the Annex was chartered by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as Radcliffe College in 1894, the Boston Globe reported President of Harvard To Sign Parchments of the Fair Graduates). Students seeking admission to the new college were required to sit for the same entrance examinations required of Harvard students. By 1896, the Globe could headline a story, Sweet Girls and they Graduate in Shoals at Radcliffe
17.
Harvard Law School
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Harvard Law School is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest continually-operating law school in the United States and is considered to be one of the most prestigious in the world. The school is ranked third by the U. S. News & World and its acceptance rate was 15. 4% in the 2013–14 admissions cycle, and its yield rate of 66. 2% was the second-highest of any law school in the United States. It is ranked first in the 2016 QS World University Rankings, Harvard Law admitted 16. 5% of applicants in its most recent class, compared to 9. 2% at Yale and 11. 2% at Stanford. With a current enrollment of 1,990, HLS has about as many students as its three closest-ranked peer institutions, first-ranked Yale, second-ranked Stanford, and fourth-ranked Chicago, combined. The first-year class is broken into seven sections of approximately 80 students, Harvards uniquely large class size and its prestige have led the law school to graduate a great many distinguished alumni in the judiciary, government, and the business world. According to Harvard Laws 2015 ABA-required disclosures,95. 33% of the Class of 2014 passed the Bar exam. Harvard Law Schools founding is linked to the funding of Harvards first professorship in law, paid for from a bequest from the estate of Isaac Royall. Today, it is home to the largest academic law library in the world, the current dean of Harvard Law School is Martha Minow, who assumed the role on July 1,2009. The law school has 328 faculty members, Harvard Law Schools founding is traced to the establishment of a law department at Harvard in 1817. Dating the founding to the year of the creation of the law department makes Harvard Law the oldest continuously-operating law school in the nation, William & Mary Law School opened first in 1779, but closed due to the American Civil War, reopening in 1920. The University of Maryland School of Law was chartered in 1816, but did not begin classes until 1824, and also closed during the Civil War. Or a Professor of Physick and Anatomy, whichever the said overseers and Corporation shall judge to be best. ”The value of the land, when fully liquidated in 1809, was $2,938, the Harvard Corporation allocated $400 from the income generated by those funds to create the Royall Professorship of Law in 1815. The dean of the law school traditionally held the Royall chair, deans Elena Kagan, royalls Medford estate, the Isaac Royall House, is now a museum which features the only remaining slave quarters in the northeast United States. The Royall family coat-of-arms, which shows three stacked wheat sheaves, was adopted as the school crest in 1936, topped with the university motto, in March 2016, following requests by students, the school decided to remove the emblem because of its association with slavery. By 1827, the school, with one faculty member, was struggling, nathan Dane, a prominent alumnus of the college, then endowed the Dane Professorship of Law, insisting that it be given to then Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story. For a while, the school was called Dane Law School, in 1829, John H. Ashmun, son of Eli Porter Ashmun and brother of George Ashmun, accepted a professorship and closed his Northampton Law School, with many of his students following him to Harvard. Enrollment remained low through the 19th century as university legal education was considered to be of little added benefit to apprenticeships in legal practice, at Harvard, Langdell also developed the case method of teaching law, now the dominant pedagogical model at U. S. law schools
18.
Valentine's Day
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Valentines Day, also called Saint Valentines Day or the Feast of Saint Valentine, is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14. According to legend, during his imprisonment, Saint Valentine healed the daughter of his jailer, Asterius, the day first became associated with romantic love within the circle of Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th century, when the tradition of courtly love flourished. In 18th-century England, it evolved into an occasion in which expressed their love for each other by presenting flowers, offering confectionery. In Europe, Saint Valentines Keys are given to lovers as a romantic symbol, Valentines Day symbols that are used today include the heart-shaped outline, doves, and the figure of the winged Cupid. Since the 19th century, handwritten valentines have given way to mass-produced greeting cards, Saint Valentines Day is an official feast day in the Anglican Communion, as well as in the Lutheran Church. Numerous early Christian martyrs were named Valentine, the Valentines honored on February 14 are Valentine of Rome and Valentine of Terni. Valentine of Rome was a priest in Rome who was martyred in 269 and was added to the calendar of saints by Pope Galesius in 496 and was buried on the Via Flaminia. The flower-crowned skull of Saint Valentine is exhibited in the Basilica of Santa Maria in Cosmedin, other relics are found at Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church in Dublin, Ireland. Valentine of Terni became bishop of Interamna and is said to have been martyred during the persecution under Emperor Aurelian in 273 and he is buried on the Via Flaminia, but in a different location from Valentine of Rome. His relics are at the Basilica of Saint Valentine in Terni, oruch states that abstracts of the acts of the two saints were in nearly every church and monastery of Europe. The Catholic Encyclopedia also speaks of a saint named Valentine who was mentioned in early martyrologies under date of February 14. He was martyred in Africa with a number of companions, Saint Valentines head was preserved in the abbey of New Minster, Winchester, and venerated. February 14 is celebrated as St. Valentines Day in various Christian denominations, it has, for example, in addition, the feast day of Saint Valentine is also given in the calendar of saints of the Lutheran Church. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, St. J. C. Cooper, in The Dictionary of Christianity, contemporary records of Saint Valentine were most probably destroyed during this Diocletianic Persecution in the early 4th century. The same events are found in Bedes Martyrology, which was compiled in the 8th century. It states that Saint Valentine was persecuted as a Christian and interrogated by Roman Emperor Claudius II in person, Claudius was impressed by Valentine and had a discussion with him, attempting to get him to convert to Roman paganism in order to save his life. Valentine refused and tried to convert Claudius to Christianity instead, because of this, he was executed. Before his execution, he is reported to have performed a miracle by healing Julia, the jailers daughter and his forty-six member household came to believe in Jesus and were baptized
19.
Jimmy Webb
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Jimmy Layne Webb is an American songwriter, composer, and singer. He has written numerous platinum-selling songs, including Up, Up and Away, By the Time I Get to Phoenix, Wichita Lineman, Galveston, The Worst That Could Happen, All I Know, and MacArthur Park. He has had collaborations with Glen Campbell, Michael Feinstein, The 5th Dimension, Art Garfunkel. Carly Simon, Nina Simone, Frank Sinatra, Barbra Streisand, Donna Summer, The Supremes, James Taylor, The Temptations, Dionne Warwick, Webb was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1986 and the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1990. According to BMI, his song By the Time I Get to Phoenix was the third most performed song in the fifty years between 1940 and 1990, Webb is the only artist ever to have received Grammy Awards for music, lyrics, and orchestration. Webb was born on August 15,1946 in Elk City and his father, Robert Lee Webb, was a Baptist minister and former member of the United States Marine Corps who presided over rural churches in southwestern Oklahoma and west Texas. With his mothers encouragement, Webb learned piano and organ, and by the age of 12 was playing in the choir of his fathers churches, accompanied by his father on guitar and his mother on accordion. Webb grew up in a religious home where his father restricted radio listening to country music. During the late 1950s, Webb began applying his creativity to the music he was playing at his fathers church, frequently improvising and rearranging the hymns. He began to write songs at this time, but his musical direction was soon influenced by the new music being played on the radio. In 1961, at the age of 14, he bought his first record, Turn Around, Webb was drawn to the singers distinctive voice. In 1964, Webb and his moved to Southern California. Following the death of his mother in 1965, his father plans to return to Oklahoma. Webb decided to stay in California to continue his music studies, Webb would later recall his father warning him about his musical aspirations, saying, This songwriting thing is going to break your heart. Seeing that his son was determined, however, he gave him $40, saying, Its not much, after transcribing other peoples music for a small music publisher in Hollywood, Webb was signed to a songwriting contract with Jobete Music, the publishing arm of Motown Records. The first commercial recording of a Jimmy Webb song was My Christmas Tree by The Supremes, which appeared on their 1965 Merry Christmas album. The following year, Webb met singer and producer Johnny Rivers, who signed him to a publishing deal and recorded his song By the Time I Get to Phoenix on his 1966 album Changes. In 1967, Rivers released Rewind, an album featuring seven Jimmy Webb songs, including Do What You Gotta Do and Tunesmith and that same year, Rivers turned to Webb for material for a new group Rivers was producing called The 5th Dimension
20.
Beau Bridges
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Lloyd Vernet Beau Bridges III is an American actor and director. He is a three-time Emmy, two-time Golden Globe and one-time Grammy Award winner and he is also a two-time Screen Actors Guild Award nominee. Bridges was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on April 7,2003 at 7065 Hollywood Boulevard for his contributions to the television industry and he is the elder brother of fellow actor Jeff Bridges. Bridges was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of actors Lloyd and he was nicknamed Beau by his parents after Ashley Wilkes son in Gone with the Wind. His younger brother is actor Jeff Bridges, and he has a younger sister, another brother, Garrett, died in 1948 of sudden infant death syndrome. Beau has shared a relationship with Jeff, for whom he acted as a surrogate father during childhood. He and his siblings were raised in the Holmby Hills section of Los Angeles, in 1959, he enlisted in the United States Coast Guard Reserve and served for eight years. In 1948, Bridges had a juvenile role in the iconic film Force of Evil. In the 1962–1963 television season, Bridges, along with his brother, Jeff, appeared on their fathers CBS anthology series. He appeared in television series too, including National Velvet, The Fugitive, Bonanza, Mr. Novak. In 1965, he guest-starred as Corporal Corbett in Then Came the Mighty Hunter, Season 2, Episode 3 of the military series and he found steady work in television and film throughout the 1970s and 1980s. He appeared in feature films during that time as The Other Side of the Mountain, Greased Lightning, Norma Rae, Heart Like a Wheel. In 1989, in perhaps his best known role, he starred opposite his brother Jeff as one of The Fabulous Baker Boys. In the 1993–94 television season, Bridges appeared with his father in the 15-episode CBS comedy/western series, Harts of the West, set at a dude ranch in Nevada. In 1995, Bridges starred with his father and his son Dylan in The Sandkings, in 1998, he starred as Judge Bob Gibbs in the one-season Maximum Bob on ABC. He had a role in the Showtime series Beggars and Choosers. In 2001, he guest-starred as Daniel McFarland, the stepfather of Jack McFarland and he played a single father and college professor in the fantasy adventure film, Voyage of the Unicorn, based on the novel by James C. From 2002 to 2003, he took on the role of Senator Tom Gage, newly appointed Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, in January 2005, he was cast as Major General Hank Landry, the new commander of Stargate Command in Stargate SG-1
21.
Michael York
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Michael York, OBE is an English actor. York has a sister, Penelope Anne and younger twin sisters, Caroline and Bridget, Bridget died a few hours after birth. He was brought up in Burgess Hill, Sussex, during his teenage years, York was educated at Bromley Grammar School for Boys, Hurstpierpoint College and University College, Oxford. He began his career in a 1956 production of The Yellow Jacket, in 1959 he made his West End début with a small part in a production of Hamlet. York was a member of National Youth Theatre He met photographer Patricia McCallum in 1967 when she was assigned to photograph him and his stepson is Star Wars producer Rick McCallum. York was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1977, in 2013, York announced he was suffering from the rare disease amyloidosis. Doctors initially thought he had bone cancer, in 2012, he had undergone a stem cell transplant, which can alleviate symptoms. He starred in The Guru, played an amoral bisexual drifter in Something for Everyone, in 1971 he portrayed a World War I soldier with conflicted family loyalties who pretends to side with the Germans in Zeppelin. In 1975 he portrayed a British soldier in 19th century colonial India in Conduct Unbecoming, in 1977, he reunited with Franco Zeffirelli as John the Baptist in Jesus of Nazareth. York starred as DArtagnan in the 1973 adaptation of The Three Musketeers, one year later the sequel to The Three Musketeers was released titled The Four Musketeers. Fifteen years later, most of the cast joined together in a film titled The Return of the Musketeers based on the Dumas novel Twenty Years After. He played the character in the film adaptation of Logans Run. The following year, he starred in The Island of Dr. Moreau opposite Burt Lancaster, since his auspicious early work, York has enjoyed a busy and varied career in film, television and on the stage. He appeared in two episodes in the season of the Road to Avonlea series as Ezekiel Crane, the lighthouse keeper of Avonlea. His Broadway theatre credits include Bent, The Crucible, Someone Wholl Watch Over Me and the ill-fated musical The Little Prince and the Aviator, which closed during previews. He also has made many recordings as a reader, including Harper Audios production of C. S. Lewis The Lion, the Witch. York appeared in the Babylon 5 episode A Late Delivery from Avalon as a man who believed himself to be King Arthur returned. He also appeared as Professor Asher Fleming, a 60-year-old Yale professor, York starred in both The Omega Code and its sequel, Megiddo, The Omega Code 2, as Stone Alexander, the Antichrist from Christian eschatology
22.
Jon Voight
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Jonathan Vincent Jon Voight is an American actor. He is the winner of one Academy Award, having nominated for four. He has also won four Golden Globe Awards and was nominated for eleven and he is the father of actress Angelina Jolie and actor James Haven. Voight came to prominence in the late 1960s with his performance as Joe Buck, although his output slowed during the 1980s, Voight received critical acclaim for his performance as a ruthless bank robber in Runaway Train. During the 1990s, Voight made somewhat of a comeback, starring in Michael Manns cult classic Heat opposite Robert DeNiro, Roosevelt in Michael Bays Pearl Harbor and as Pope John Paul II in the eponymous miniseries. Voight also appears in Showtimes Ray Donovan TV series as Mickey Donovan, Voight was born on December 29,1938, in Yonkers, New York, the son of Barbara and Elmer Voight, a professional golfer. He has two brothers, Barry Voight, a former volcanologist at Pennsylvania State University, and Wesley Voight, known as Chip Taylor, Voights paternal grandfather and his paternal grandmothers parents were Slovak immigrants, while his maternal grandfather and his maternal grandmothers parents were German immigrants. Following his graduation in 1956, he enrolled at The Catholic University of America in Washington, D. C. where he majored in art, after graduation, Voight moved to New York City, where he pursued an acting career. In 1962, Voight married actress Lauri Peters, who he met when both appeared in the original Broadway production of The Sound of Music. He married actress Marcheline Bertrand in 1971 and they separated in 1976, filed for divorce in 1978, and divorced in 1980. Their children, James Haven and Angelina Jolie, would go on to enter the business as actors and producers. Voight was estranged from his children for years, but they reconciled in 2007 after Bertrands death. His theatre career took off in January 1965, playing Rodolfo in Arthur Millers A View from the Bridge in an Off-Broadway revival, Voights film debut did not come until 1967, when he took a part in Phillip Kaufmans crimefighter spoof, Fearless Frank. Voight also took a role in 1967s western, Hour of the Gun. In 1968 Voight took a role in director Paul Williamss Out of It, in 1969, Voight was cast in the groundbreaking Midnight Cowboy, a film that would make his career. Voight played Joe Buck, a male hustler from Texas. He comes under the tutelage of Dustin Hoffmans Ratso Rizzo, a petty thief. The film explored late 1960s New York and the development of an unlikely, directed by John Schlesinger and based on a novel by James Leo Herlihy, the film struck a chord with critics and audiences
23.
The Games (film)
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The Games is a 1970 British sports drama film directed by Michael Winner. It is based on the Hugh Atkinson novel and adapted to the screen by Erich Segal, the plot concerned four marathon competitors at a fictitious Olympic Games in Rome, played by Michael Crawford, Ryan ONeal, Charles Aznavour and Athol Compton. Elton John recorded one song for the soundtrack, to simulate vast crowds of people, thousands of life-sized dummies were placed in the stadiums seats. Hayes Reg Lye as Gilmour June Jago as Mae Harcourt Don Newsome as Cal Wood Athol Compton was a postman who had never acted before being cast in the film. The Games at the Internet Movie Database The Games at AllMovie
24.
Andy Williams
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Howard Andrew Andy Williams was an American popular music singer. He recorded 44 albums in his career,15 of which have been gold-certified and he was also nominated for six Grammy Awards. He hosted The Andy Williams Show, a variety show, from 1962 to 1971. The Andy Williams Show garnered three Emmy awards, the Moon River Theatre in Branson, Missouri, is named after the song he is most known for singing—Johnny Mercer and Henry Mancinis Moon River. He sold more than 100 million records worldwide, including 10.5 million certified units in the United States, Williams was born in Wall Lake, Iowa, the son of Jay Emerson and Florence Williams. While living in Cheviot, Ohio, Williams attended Western Hills High School in Cincinnati and he finished high school at University High School, in West Los Angeles, because of his familys move to California. Williams had three older brothers—Bob, Don, and Dick Williams and his first performance was in a childrens choir at the local Presbyterian church. Moving to Los Angeles in 1943, the Williams Brothers sang with Bing Crosby on the hit record Swinging on a Star and they appeared in four musical films, Janie, Kansas City Kitty, Something in the Wind and Ladies Man. A persistent myth is that as a teenager the future singing star dubbed the singing for Lauren Bacall in the 1944 feature film To Have and Have Not, according to authoritative sources, including Howard Hawks and Bacall herself, this was not true. Williams and some female singers were tested to dub for Bacall, but those fears were overshadowed by the desire to have Bacall do her own singing despite her less-than-perfect vocal talent. This myth is refuted in Leonard Maltins Movie Guide in the entry for this film, when Bob completed his military service, Kay hired all four brothers to sing on the soundtrack to Good News. They made their debut in Las Vegas in 1947 and became an overnight sensation, within a year, they were the highest paid nightclub act in the world, breaking records wherever they appeared. Williams revealed in his memoir Moon River and Me that he and Thompson became romantically involved while on tour, the act broke up in 1949 but reunited for another hugely successful tour from the fall of 1951 through the summer of 1953. After that, the four went their separate ways. A complete itinerary of both tours is listed on the Kay Thompson biography website, Williams and Thompson, however, remained very close, both personally and professionally. She mentored his emergence as a singing star. She coached him, wrote his arrangements, and composed songs that he recorded. Using her contacts in the business, Thompson helped Williams land his breakthrough television gig as a singer for two-and-a-half years on The Tonight Show starring Steve Allen
25.
Roger Ebert
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Roger Joseph Ebert was an American film critic and historian, journalist, screenwriter, and author. He was a critic for the Chicago Sun-Times from 1967 until his death in 2013. In 1975, Ebert became the first film critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism, the two verbally sparred and traded humorous barbs while discussing films. They created and trademarked the phrase Two Thumbs Up, used when both hosts gave the film a positive review. After Siskel died in 1999, Ebert continued hosting the show with various co-hosts and then, starting in 2000, Ebert lived with cancer of the thyroid and salivary glands from 2002. This required treatments necessitating the removal of his jaw, which cost him the ability to speak or eat normally. His ability to write remained unimpaired, however, and he continued to publish frequently both online and in print until his death on April 4,2013. Roger Joseph Ebert was born in Urbana, Illinois, the child of Annabel, a bookkeeper, and Walter Harry Ebert. He was raised Roman Catholic, attending St. Marys elementary school and his paternal grandparents were German immigrants and his maternal ancestry was Irish and Dutch. In his senior year, he was president and editor-in-chief of his high school newspaper. In 1958, he won the Illinois High School Association state speech championship in radio speaking, regarding his early influences in film criticism, Ebert wrote in the 1998 parody collection Mad About the Movies, I learned to be a movie critic by reading Mad magazine. Mads parodies made me aware of the machine inside the skin – of the way a movie might look original on the outside, I did not read the magazine, I plundered it for clues to the universe. Pauline Kael lost it at the movies, I lost it at Mad magazine, Ebert began taking classes at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an early-entrance student, completing his high-school courses while also taking his first university class. After graduating from Urbana High School in 1960, Ebert then attended and received his degree in 1964. As an undergraduate, he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, One of the first movie reviews he ever wrote was a review of La Dolce Vita, published in The Daily Illini in October 1961. Ebert spent a semester as a student in the department of English there before attending the University of Cape Town on a Rotary fellowship for a year. He returned from Cape Town to his studies at Illinois for two more semesters and then, after being accepted as a PhD candidate at the University of Chicago. Instead Kogan referred Ebert to the city editor at the Chicago Sun-Times, Jim Hoge and he attended doctoral classes at the University of Chicago while working as a general reporter at the Sun-Times for a year
26.
Newsweek
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Newsweek is an American weekly news magazine founded in 1933. It was published in four English language editions and 12 global editions written in the language of the circulation region, between 2008 and 2012, Newsweek underwent internal and external contractions designed to shift the magazines focus and audience while improving its finances. Instead, losses accelerated, revenue dropped 38 percent from 2007 to 2009, in November 2010, Newsweek merged with the news and opinion website The Daily Beast, forming The Newsweek Daily Beast Company, after negotiations between the owners of the two publications. Tina Brown, The Daily Beasts editor-in-chief, served as the editor of both publications, Newsweek was jointly owned by the estate of the late Harman and the diversified American media and Internet company IAC. Newsweek ceased print publication with the December 31,2012, issue and transitioned to an all-digital format, IBT Media relaunched a print edition of Newsweek on March 7,2014. In 2003, worldwide circulation was more than 4 million, including 2.7 million in the U. S, Newsweek publishes editions in Japanese, Korean, Polish, Spanish, Rioplatense Spanish, Arabic, and Turkish, as well as an English language Newsweek International. Russian Newsweek, published since 2004, was shut in October 2010, the Bulletin incorporated an international news section from Newsweek. Based in New York City, the magazine claimed 22 bureaus in 2011, New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago/Detroit, Dallas, Miami, Washington, D. C. Boston and San Francisco, and others overseas in London, Paris, Berlin, Moscow, Jerusalem, Baghdad, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Beijing, South Asia, Cape Town, Mexico City and Buenos Aires. News-Week was launched in 1933 by Thomas J. C. Martyn and he obtained financial backing from a group of U. S. stockholders which included Ward Cheney, of the Cheney silk family, John Hay Whitney, and Paul Mellon, son of Andrew W. Mellon. Paul Mellons ownership in Newsweek apparently represented the first attempt of the Mellon family to function journalistically on a national scale, the group of original owners invested around $2.5 million. Other large stockholders prior to 1946 were public utilities investment banker Stanley Childs, journalist Samuel T. Williamson served as the first editor-in-chief of Newsweek. The first issue of the magazine was dated 17 February 1933, seven photographs from the weeks news were printed on the first issues cover. In 1937 News-Week merged with the weekly journal Today, which had founded in 1932 by future New York Governor and diplomat W. Averell Harriman. In 1937 Malcolm Muir took over as president and editor-in-chief and he changed the name to Newsweek, emphasized interpretive stories, introduced signed columns, and launched international editions. Over time the magazine developed a spectrum of material, from breaking stories and analysis to reviews. The magazine was purchased by The Washington Post Company in 1961, osborn Elliott was named editor of Newsweek in 1961 and became the editor in chief in 1969. The women won, and Newsweek agreed to allow women to be reporters, edward Kosner became editor from 1975 to 1979 after directing the magazine’s extensive coverage of the Watergate scandal that led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974
27.
Harlan Ellison
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Harlan Jay Ellison is an American writer. His principal genre is speculative fiction and his published works include over 1,700 short stories, novellas, screenplays, comic book scripts, teleplays, essays, a wide range of criticism covering literature, film, television, and print media. He was editor and anthologist for two science fiction anthologies, Dangerous Visions and Again, Dangerous Visions, Ellison has won numerous awards including multiple Hugos, Nebulas and Edgars. Ellison was born to a Jewish family in Cleveland, Ohio, on May 27,1934, the son of Serita and Louis Laverne Ellison and his family subsequently moved to Painesville, Ohio, but returned to Cleveland in 1949, following his fathers death. Ellison attended the Ohio State University for 18 months before being expelled and he has said the expulsion was for hitting a professor who had denigrated his writing ability, and over the next twenty or so years he sent that professor a copy of every story he published. Ellison published two stories in the Cleveland News during 1949, and he sold a story to EC Comics early in the 1950s, Ellison moved to New York City in 1955 to pursue a writing career, primarily in science fiction. Over the next two years, he published more than 100 short stories and articles and he married Charlotte Stein in 1956, but they divorced four years later. He said of the marriage, four years of hell as sustained as the whine of a generator, Ellison moved to California in 1962, and subsequently began to sell his writing to Hollywood. He wrote the screenplay for The Oscar, starring Stephen Boyd, Ellison also sold scripts to many television shows, The Flying Nun, Burkes Law, Route 66, The Outer Limits, Star Trek, The Man from U. N. C. L. E. Cimarron Strip, and The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, Ellisons screenplay for the Star Trek episode The City on the Edge of Forever has been considered the best of the 79 episodes in the series. He participated in the Selma to Montgomery marches from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, led by Martin Luther King, Jr. Also in 1966, in an article Esquire magazine would name as the best magazine piece ever written. Talese wrote of the incident, Sinatra probably forgot about it at once, Ellison recounted this incident in his book Stalking the Nightmare, as part 3 of an essay titled The 3 Most Important Things in Life. Ellison continued to publish fiction and nonfiction pieces in various publications. Said the Ticktockman is a celebration of civil disobedience against repressive authority, another story, A Boy and His Dog, examines the nature of friendship and love in a violent, post-apocalyptic world and was made into the 1975 film of the same name, starring Don Johnson. Ellison served as consultant to the 1980s version of The Twilight Zone science fiction TV series. Ellisons 1992 short story The Man Who Rowed Christopher Columbus Ashore was selected for inclusion in the 1993 edition of The Best American Short Stories. In 2014 Ellison made a guest appearance on the album Finding Love in Hell by the metal band Leaving Babylon
28.
The Glass Teat
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The title implies that TV viewers are analogous with unweaned children. Discussion of television is frequently interspersed in the essays with lengthy asides about Ellisons personal life, experiences, modern critics have noted that his criticisms remain relevant. The books topics were dictated by the trends and fashions of the day, ellison later collected a second volume of criticism entitled The Other Glass Teat
29.
Cinema of the United States
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The cinema of the United States, often metonymously referred to as Hollywood, has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century. The dominant style of American cinema is Classical Hollywood Cinema, which developed from 1917-1960, while the French Lumière Brothers are generally credited with the birth of modern cinema, it is American cinema that soon became the most dominant force in an emerging industry. Since the 1920s, the American film industry has grossed more money every year than that of any other country, in 1878, Eadweard Muybridge demonstrated the power of photography to capture motion. In 1894, the worlds first commercial motion picture exhibition was given in New York City, the United States was in the forefront of sound film development in the following decades. Since the early 20th century, the U. S. film industry has largely been based in and around Hollywood, Los Angeles, director D. W. Griffith was central to the development of film grammar. Orson Welless Citizen Kane is frequently cited in critics polls as the greatest film of all time. T, the Extra-Terrestrial, Jurassic Park, Titanic, Avatar, The Avengers, Furious 7, Jurassic World, and Star Wars, The Force Awakens. Today, American film studios collectively generate several hundred movies every year, muybridges accomplishment led inventors everywhere to attempt to make similar devices that would capture such motion. In the United States, Thomas Edison was among the first to produce such a device, the history of cinema in the United States can trace its roots to the East Coast where, at one time, Fort Lee, New Jersey was the motion picture capital of America. The industry got its start at the end of the 19th century with the construction of Thomas Edisons Black Maria, in 1909, a forerunner of Universal Studios, the Champion Film Company, built the first studio. They were quickly followed by others who either built new studios or who leased facilities in Fort Lee, such notables as Mary Pickford got their start at Biograph Studios. In New York, the Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens, was built during the silent film era, was used by the Marx Brothers, the Edison Studios were located in the Bronx. Chelsea, Manhattan was also frequently used, other major centers of film production also included Chicago, Florida, Texas, California, and Cuba. The film patents wars of the early 20th century led to the spread of film companies across the U. S and they started filming on a vacant lot near Georgia Street in downtown Los Angeles. While there, the decided to explore new territories, traveling several miles north to Hollywood. Griffith then filmed the first movie shot in Hollywood, In Old California, a Biograph melodrama about California in the 19th century. Griffith stayed there for months and made several films before returning to New York, after hearing about Griffiths success in Hollywood, in 1913, many movie-makers headed west to avoid the fees imposed by Thomas Edison, who owned patents on the movie-making process. Nestor Studios of Bayonne, New Jersey, built the first studio in Hollywood in 1911, Californias more hospitable and cost-effective climate led to the eventual shift of virtually all filmmaking to the West Coast by the 1930s. In Los Angeles, the studios and Hollywood grew, before World War I, movies were made in several U. S. cities, but filmmakers gravitated to southern California as the industry developed
30.
Melodrama
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A melodrama is a dramatic or literary work in which the plot, which is typically sensational and designed to appeal strongly to the emotions, takes precedence over detailed characterization. Characters are often drawn, and may appear stereotyped. In scholarly and historical contexts, melodramas are Victorian dramas in which orchestral music or song was used to accompany the action. The term is now applied to stage performances without incidental music, novels, movies. In modern contexts, the melodrama is generally pejorative, as it suggests that the work in question lacks subtlety, character development. By extension, language or behavior which resembles melodrama is often called melodramatic, the term originated from the early 19th-century French word mélodrame. It is derived from Greek melos, music, and French drame and this applies to both Victorian stage melodrama and 20th-century film melodrama. Movie director Sidney Lumet stressed the primacy of plot, saying in 2007 In a well-written drama, the characters in a well-written melodrama come out of the story. The relationship of melodrama to realism is complex, the protagonists of melodramatic works may either be ordinary people who are caught up in extraordinary events, or highly exaggerated and unrealistic characters. According to Singer, late Victorian and Edwardian melodrama combined a focus on realism in stage sets and props with anti-realism in character. Melodrama in this period strove for accuracy in the depiction of incredible. Novelist Wilkie Collins is noted for his attention to accuracy in detail in his works, beginning in the 18th century, melodrama was a technique of combining spoken recitation with short pieces of accompanying music. In such works, music and spoken dialogue typically alternated, although the music was also used to accompany pantomime. The earliest known examples are scenes in J. E. Eberlins Latin school play Sigismundus, the first full melodrama was Jean-Jacques Rousseaus Pygmalion, the text of which was written in 1762 but was first staged in Lyon in 1770. The overture and an Andante were composed by Rousseau, but the bulk of the music was composed by Horace Coignet, a different musical setting of Rousseaus Pygmalion by Anton Schweitzer was performed in Weimar in 1772, and Goethe wrote of it approvingly in Dichtung und Wahrheit. Pygmalion is a monodrama, written for one actor, some 30 other monodramas were produced in Germany in the fourth quarter of the 18th century. When two actors are involved the term duodrama may be used, georg Benda was particularly successful with his duodramas Ariadne auf Naxos and Medea. The sensational success of Bendas melodramas led Mozart to use two long melodramatic monologues in his opera Zaide, other later, and better-known examples of the melodramatic style in operas are the grave-digging scene in Beethovens Fidelio and the incantation scene in Webers Der Freischütz
31.
Student orientation
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The name of the period varies by country. Although usually described as a week, the length of this varies widely from university to university and country to country. The length of the week is often affected by each universitys tradition as well as financial and physical constraints, during this period, students participate in a wide range of social activities, including live music and other performances, sports challenges, stunts, and open-air markets. The week before the term starts is known as, Frosh in some colleges and universities in Canada, in Sweden, it is known as nollning or inspark. Orientation week is the phrase in the United States. Some schools use the acronym WOW for Week of Welcome, in Canada, first year students are called Frosh or first years. The terms freshies and freshers are also emerging, in the United States, first year university students are typically referred to as freshmen. In the U. K. and Ireland first year students are known as freshers or first years, freshies is also an emerging term in New Zealand. In Sweden, the student is a nolla during the period and usually upgraded to the status of an etta at a ceremony involving a fancy three-course dinner. In Australia, some universities require students to arrive at university a week before classes start in order to gain course approval and this is generally followed by continued partying and drinking, especially among students living in residential colleges such as Janet Clarke Hall and Ormond College. The Adelaide University O-Week runs from Monday to Thursday in the week before lectures begin, during O-Week sporting clubs and societies set up a variety of tented areas where clubs display their activities. The Adelaide University Union coordinates a variety of events centering around beer, bands, a major event for the week is the O-Ball which takes place in the Cloisters. The O-Ball attracts many thousands of revellers, not all of whom are Adelaide University students, in Canada, the nature and length of orientation week varies considerably between Universities. For instance, Ottawa, has two universities within its centre, the University of Ottawa and Carleton University, both with orientations spanning approximately 7 days. At The University of Ottawa, Frosh Week is Called 101 week, at Carleton University there are multiple orientations, SPROSH, ENG Frosh, Radical Frosh, and the largest, CUSA/RRRA/SEO Frosh. In the province of Quebec, because of the CEGEP system, froshies are of legal drinking age, moreover, the proximity of the two Ottawa universities also allows them to take advantage of the drinking age in neighbouring Gatineau, Quebec. The University of British Columbia cancels the first day of class for all students, similarly, Ryerson University also has a number of Frosh Weeks organized by different student groups, although it also has a central frosh team known as the Ryerson Orientation Crew. At the Friday of frosh week, the Ryerson Students Union holds a concert that is free for all Ryerson students, mcMaster University also organizes many events during what they term Welcome Week
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